Reinforced Concrete IV

Second Semester
Structural Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
Tanta University

General Notes and

Solved Examples

By

Eng \ Just for help

First Edition

Instructor: eng \ just for help

2000-2001

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

1. Fundamentals

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

2000-2001

1. Fundamentals
(1)
(a) Statical system for each tank

Fig. 1

For H = 1.5 m
The walls of the tank can be treated as cantilever , i.e., the total load acting in each
wall will be transmitted in vertical direction

Statical system in
conjunction with
the loads

Vertical Sec.

For H = 4 m
Top horizontal beam should be used. In this case, the wall will be considered as two
way slab.

Vertical strip

Horizontal strip at the sec.

of max. horizontal load

Instructor: eng \ just for help

2000-2001

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

Fig. 2

Statical system for

vl strip (Box. Sec)

Tie

Fig. 3

Structural system
for vl. strip

* If the tie is removed

Statical system for vertical strip

Fig. 4

H=2m
The walls of the tank can be considered as cantilever walls

Statical system for vl. Strip

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

2000-2001

*H=4m
Top horizontal beam should be used.

vl. Strip

Fig. 5

Treated as cantilever
retaining wall

H
Central part
L

For large diameter tank, the part of floor with the length (L) with the wall adjacent to
it can be assumed as a retaining wall connecting to the central part.
* If the tank has sliding base, the wall and floor will be treated separately.
Fig. 6

Horizontal Strip

vl. Strip in long dir.

vl. Strip in short dir.

b. Acting loads & case of loading

Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 are elevated tanks

Acting loads are: * own weight of concrete elements
* water load vl. Load on floor
lateral load on walls
* External lateral load wind pressure
Earthquake Excitation
-

12-

case of loading
Case of water load (No external lateral load)
Empty tank and consider lateral load.

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

2000-2001

Fig. 5 is rest on soil tank

Acting loads are : own weight of tank
: Water load
: Soil reaction
there is only one case of loading under the effect of all acting loads
Fig. 6 is under ground tank
Acting load are : - Own weight of concrete
- Weight of water
- Weight of soil above the tank
Lateral earth pressure
Lateral hydrostatic pressure due to ground
water.
Soil reaction below the tank
Uplift force due to ground water
Case of loading

Case 1

Empty

Case 2

tank is full of water and no soil around tank (Check

bearing capacity of soil)
tank is empty and consider soil around tank (Check
uplift)

(2)
a.s

a.s
a.s

w.s
w.s

a.s
w.s

w.s
w.s

- The sections that labeled by (w.s) are water side sections.

- The sections that labeled by (a.s) are air side sections.

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

2000-2001

(3)
sec. 1

Mu = 0.0
Nu = +150 kN

Water side section

Tu
15
=
= 100 kN
1.5 1.5
- t = 0.6 T = 0.6 * 10 = 6 cm < 20 cm
take t = 20 cm

T=

10 cr = 0.85

- use

Tu
150 * 1.15 * 1000
=
= 563.7 mm 2 = 5.637 cm 2
cr f y / s
0.85 * 360

As =

A s /side = 5.64/2 = 2.82 cm 2

use 5

10 /m` / side

- Check of tensile stress for concrete.

f t > f cto = (f ctr / ) , = 1.7
ft =

T
150 * 1000
=
= 0.75 MPa
A c 200 * 1000

f ctr =

0.6 f cu

f t < f ctr

Sec. 2

0.6 300
= 1.93 MPa
1.7

(o.k)
=

Mu =100 kN.m

, Nu = 0.0

(water side sec.)

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

2000-2001
Mu
M * 1000
= 66.7, t =
=
1.5
3

M =

6.67 * 1000
= 47.2 cm
3
50 cm

ft > fct
where f t =

M 6M
=
Z
bt 2

66.7 * 10 6
1000 * 500

= 1.6 MPa

=O

t v = t[1 +

fct (N )
] = t = 50 cm
f c t (M )
= 1.65

0.6 f cu

fct =

ft < fct

0.6 30
= 1.99
1.65
o.k
=

M u = 100 kN.m & t = 500 mm d = 460 mm

d = c1

Mu
f cu b

100 * 10 6
c1 = 7.97
30 * 1000
J = 0.826
Mu
As =
cr f y dJ
460 = c1

- use

10 cr = 0.85

100 * 10 6
= 860 mm 2 = 8.6 cm 2
0.85 * 360 * 460 * 0.826
use 11
10 /m'
- use 16 cr = 0.75
As =

100 * 10 6
= 975 mm 2 = 9.75 cm 2
0.75 * 360 * 460 * 0.826
use 5
16 /m'
or 9
12 /m'
A's = 5
10 /m'
As =

t = 50 M = 500 mm

Instructor: eng \ just for help

2000-2001
Sec. 3

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

Mu = 100 kN.m & Tu = 10 kN

100
10
= 66.7 kN .m & T =
= 6.7 kN
1.5
1.5
t = 50 M + 30 = 50 66.7 + 30 = 438 mm take t = 500 mm
f t = f c t ( N ) + f c t (M)
M =

fc t (N ) =

T
6.7 * 1000
=
= 0.0134 N/mm 2
A c 1000 * 500

6M 6 * 66.7 * 10 6
=
= 1.6 N/mm 2
2
2
bt
1000 * 500
f t = 1.6 + 0.0134 = 1.6134 N/mm 2
f c t (M ) =

fct r

fct =

t v = t[1 +

, f c t r = 0.6 f cu = 3.28 N/mm 2

fc t (N )
0.0134
] = 504.18 mm 2
= 500[1 +
f c t (M )
16
1.65

3.28
= 1.98 N/mm 2 > f t o.k
1.65
M
100
= 10 m, outside sec. (big ecc.)
e= u =
Tu
10
fct =

t
+ cov er
2
= 10 - 0.25 + 0.04 = 9.79 m
M us = Tu e s = 10 * 9.79 = 97.9 kN.m

es = e -

d = c1

use

As =

M us
f cu b

max

460 = c1

97.9 * 10 6
c1 = 8.05
30 * 1000

J = 0.826
= 16 m m cr = 0.75

Tu
M us
+
cr f y dJ cr f y / s

97.9 * 10 6
6.7 * 10 3 * 1.15
+
= 983 mm 2
0.75 * 360 * 0.826
0.75 * 360
use 5 16 /m'
A's = 5
10 /m'
=

Instructor: eng \ just for help

2000-2001
Sec. 4

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

Mu = 10 kN.m & Tu =150 kN

10
150
= 6.7 kN.m & T =
= 100 kN
1.5
1.5
t = 50 M + 30
M =

= 50 6.7 + 30 = 159.4 mm
0.6 T = 0.6 * 100 = 60mm
use t = 200 mm
f t = f ct ( N ) + f ct (M) > f c t r /
fct (N ) =

T
100 * 1000
=
= 0.5 N/mm 2
A c 1000 * 200

6M 6 * 6.7 * 10 6
=
= 1.005 N/mm 2
2
2
bt
1000 * 200

f (N )
0.5

t v = t 1 + c t
= 299.5 mm
= 200 1 +
f c t (M )
1.005

1.45 , f c t r = 3.28 N/mm 2

f c t (M ) =

f t = 0.5 + 1.005 = 1.505 N/mm 2 , f c t =

ft < fct

3.28
= 2.26 N/mm 2
1.45

o.k

M u = 10 kN.m & Tu = 150 kN

e=

Mu
10
t
=
= 0.067 m < - cover
Tu
150
2

Tu M u 150 10
+
=
+
= 137.5 kN
2 d - d'
2
0.16
T2 = T - T1 = 150 - 137.5 = 12.5 kN
T1 =

use

10

, cr = 0.85

T1
137.5 * 1.15
As =
=
= 517 mm 2
0.85 * 360
cr f y / s
choose 7
A's =

10 /m'

T2
12.5 * 1.15
=
= 47 mm 2
cr f y / s 0.85 * 360
use 5

10/m'

As`
T+As

T2
T
T1

Instructor: eng \ just for help

:2000-2001

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

2. Rectangular tanks with sliding

Base (I)

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

:2000-2001

2. Rectangular tanks with sliding Base (I)

* Consider 1.0 m Strip at lower end of wall.
b

a
40 kN/m`
40 kN/m`

40 kN/m`

3.0 m

4.0 m
h = 40 kN/m

40 kN/m`
d

5.0 m

* Applying 3- moment Eqn to calculate the bending moment:

apply 3- moment Eqn at (a)
Md (3) + 2 Ma (3+5) + Mb(5) = -6Rel
Re1 = -(20.83 +4.50) 253.3
Ma =Mb= Md
R1 = 45

3Ma +16Ma + 5Ma = 6 * 253.3

24 Ma = 1519.8
Ma = 630 m.t

60

4 t/m`

4 t/m`

R=

60

100

R2 =208.3

w 3
24

62

100

(2)
63
+

(3)

(1)

(1)

100
60

(3)

(2)

63

18

18

63

63

100
60
62

N. F. D

B. M. D

63

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

:2000-2001

Calculation of moment by using method of moment distribution:

a

d
4 t/m`

Joint

member

R. S
D. F
F. E. M
0B

ad
0.33
0.62
30
33

63

b
ab
0.2
0.38
83.3
20.3

-63

ba
0.2
0.38
+83.3

bc
0.33
0.62
-30

10.15
-30.4
63

16.5
-49.6
-63

cb
0.33
0.62
+30
33

63

d
cd
0.2
0.38
-83.3
20.3

-63

dc
0.2
0.38
+83.3

Da
0.33
0.62
-30

10.15
-30.4
+63

16.5
-49.6
-63

* Design of Section (1):

t = 50 M + 30 = 50 69.1 + 30 = 445.6
take t = 500 mm
A = 1000 * 500 = 5 * 10 5 = 500 mm
1000 * 500 3
= 1.042 * 1010 mm 4
I=
12

500 mm
1000 mm

100 * 10 3
= 0.2
5 * 10 5
63 * 10 6
f ct (M) =
* 250 = 1.51 N/mm 2
10
1.042 * 10
f (N )
t v = t(1 + ct
) = 566.22 mm
f ct ( M )
f ct (N) =

f ctr

0.6 25
= 1.81 N/mm 2
1.65

f
f ct (N) + f ct (M) = 1.71 < ctr ok

M = 69.1 kN.m
Mu = 94.5 kN.m

T = 100 kN
Tu= 150 kN.m

, Water- side section

Instructor: eng \ just for help

:2000-2001

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

Mu
= 63.0cm > t / 2
Tu

e=

t
+ cov er = 0.45m
2
= T .e s = 67.5 kN.m

es = e
M us

M us
f cu B

d = c1

67.5 * 10 6
430 = c1
25 * 10
c1 = 8.28
j = 0.826
As =

M us
Tu
67.5 * 10 6
15 * 10 3
+
=
+
= 1130 mm 2
cr f y jd cr f y / s 0.85 * 360 * 0.826 * 430 0.85 * 360 / 1.15
= 11.3 cm 2

12 /m`
use 10
Sec. Steel = 6
10 /m`

* Design of section (2)

M u = 93 kN.m , Tu = 90 kN t = 30 cm
e=

Air - side section

Mu
t
= 1.03 m >
2
Tu
t
+ cover = 0.953
2
= 85.8 kN.m

es = e M us

d = C1

M us
f cu B

C1 = 3.93
As =

230 = C1

85.8 * 10 6
250 * 1000

j = 0.802

M us
Tu
85.8 * 10 6
90 * 10 3
+
=
+
f y jd f y / s 360 * 0.802 * 230 360 / 1.15
= 20.85 cm 2
use 10

16 /m`

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

:2000-2001

Design of Section (3)

M u = 27 kN.m

Tu = 150 kN.m

t = 300 mm , Water - side section

A = 1000 * 300 = 3 * 10 5 mm 2
1000 * 300 3
= 2.25 * 10 9 mm 4
12
100 * 10 3
= 0.33 N/mm 2
f ct ( N ) =
5
3 * 10
18 * 10 6
* 150 = 1.2
f ct ( M ) =
2.25 * 10 9
f (N )
) = 382.5 mm
= 1.5
t v = t (1 + ct
f ct ( M )
I=

f ctr / = 2 N/mm 2
f ct ( N ) + f ct ( M ) = 1.53 <

f ctr

ok

M
t
= 0.18 m >
N
2
t
e s = e - + cover = 0.10 m
2
M us = 15 kN.m

e=

d = C1

M us
f cu b

230 = C1
As =

15 * 10 6
25 * 1000

C1 = 9.39

M us
Tu
+
cr f y jd cr f y / s

= 8.22 cm 2
use 10
12 /m`

j = 0.826

Instructor: eng \ just for help

:2000-2001

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

3. Rectangular tanks with Sliding

Base (II)

3. Rectangular tanks with Sliding Base (II)

Instructor: eng \ just for help

:2000-2001

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

Prob. No. (1) [Elevated tank with Sliding Base]

Take thickness of base = 20 cm

Loads
w kN/m2 = weight of covering + weight of water + weight of walls + o.w of base
Weight of covering = 4 kN/m2
Weight of water = h = 40 kN/m2
Weight of walls : assume thickness of wall = 30 cm
= 0.3*25.0*4* (5*2+4.40*2) = 564 kN
Weight of walls /m2 = 56.40/(5*5) = 2.256 t/m2
Weight of base = 0.2 *25 +0.5 = 5.5 kN/m2
wtot t/m2 = 4+ 40 +22.56 +5.5 = 72.06 kN/m2
36.03 kN/m`

5.0
r=
= 1.0
5.0
= 0.5
= 0.5

5.0 m
36.03 kN/m`

w = w = 36.03 kN/m 2
5.0 m

Consider 1.0 m width:

M u = 169 kN/m`
d = C1

(Air - side section)

36.03 kN/m`

Mu
f cu B

5.0 m
+

169 * 10 6
25 * 1000
C1 = 1.95
C1 < C1 min

(1)

112.6 kN.m

160 = C1

take t = 300 mm
C1 = 3.16
j = 0.757
As =

Mu
169 * 10 6
=
= 2385 mm 2 / m = 23.85 cm 2 / m
f y jd 360 * 0.757 * 260

use 10

19 /m`

in both directions bottom reinforcement

Use top reinforcement = 0.2 * 23.85 = 4.77 cm 2 /m Choose 7

Design of beams: assume beam 40 * 80 cm

O.w = 0.4 (0.8-0.30) *2.50= 0.50 t/m`
wslab= 7.206 t/m2
Equivalent load for shear
ws= 0.50 + 7.206 *2.50*0.5 =9.508 t/m`
Qu max = 35.655 t

10 /m`

5.0 m
ws = 95.08 kN/m`
wb = 125.7 kN/m`

5.0

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

:2000-2001
Equivalent load for flexure (bending)
wb= 0.50+7.206*2.50*0.67= 12.57 t/m`
Mu max = 58.92 m.t
d = C1

Mu
f cu B
6 t s + b = 220 cm

B = the least of

75 = C1
As =

L2
+ b = 90 cm (controls)
10
1
C.L C.L = 250 cm
2

58.92 * 10 5
250 * 90

Mu
= 26.58 cm 2
f y jd

C1 = 4.63
use 7

j = 0.821
22

As '= 3

19

check of shear
Qu 35.655 * 10 3
qu =
=
= 11.885 kg / cm 2 > q u c = 9.68 kg/cm 2 unsafe
40 * 75
bd
use 7 8/m` 4 branches
q u act = q u s + q u c /2 = 15.79 > 11.885 kg/cm 2

O.K.

Instructor: eng \ just for help

:2000-2001

Prob. No. (2)

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

[Resting on soil tank with sliding base]

Check of bearing capacity:

Assume t = 250 mm
vl load = wall load + base load + weight of water
(assume t wall = 300 mm)
Weight of walls = 0.3*25*3 (2*4+2*3.40) =33.30 t
w t/m2= 333 / (4*4) = 20.8 kN/m2
Wall load = 20.8 kN/m2
Base load = 0.25 *25 = 6.25 t/m2 +0.5 (flooring) = 6.75 kN/m2
Weight of water = h = 10 *3 = 30 kN/m2
Total load = 57.55 kN/m2 < 100 kN/m2 ok
Loads
w kN/m2= wt of walls
(assume t wall = 300 mm)
w kN/m`= 333 / (4*4) = 20.8
r = 1.0
= = 0.5
W = W = 10.4 kN/m2

10.4 kN/m`

10.4 kN/m`

Consider 1.0 m width

Mu max = 23.4 kN.m (Water-side section)

0.25

0.25

3.50 m

Water side
0.25

t = 50 M
= 50 15.6 = 197.4 mm
take t = 250 mm

10.4 kN/m`
15.6 kN/m`
-

A = 1000 * 250 = 25000 mm 2

bt 2 1000 * 250 2
z=
=
= 10.42 * 10 6
6
6
f ct (N) = 0
M 15.6 * 10 6
=
= 1.49 N/mm 2
Z 10.42 * 10 6
t v = 250 mm
f ctr / = 2.2

f ct (M) =

f ct (M) = 1.498 <

f ctr

ok

0.25

3.50 m

+
0.3

+
0.3

250
1000

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

:2000-2001

d = C1

Mu
f cu B

23.4 * 10 6
200 = C1
25 * 1000
C1 = 6.54
j = 0.826
As =
use 7

Mu
23.4 * 10 6
=
= 463 mm 2
cr f y jd 0.85 * 360 * 200
10 /m`

(Top reinforcement)

Use bottom reinforcement 5

10 /m`

Note that in this case, walls of the tank act as

supporting beam with adequate capacity.

Instructor: eng \ just for help

:2000-2001

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

4. Elevated Conduits

4. Elevated Conduits

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

:2000-2001

(1)
(i)

2m

0.3 m

1m

1m
7m

Sec. Elevation x-x

30
5m

5m

6 10 /m` (U)
9 10 /m` (L)

6 10 /m` (U)
6 10 /m` (L)

5m

Plan

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

:2000-2001

(ii) Acting load

assume ts = 30 cm
- Walls:
the wall will be considered as
one way slab in vertical direction.

p= h = 1 * 17 = 17 kN/m2

- Floor:
w = ts + wh
= 25 * 0.3 + 1 * 17 = 24.5 kN/m 2
4
5 * 0.76
r=
= 1.25
4 * 0.76
r4
= 0.7 = 1 - = 0.3 (Grashoff ' s coefficients)
= 4
r +1
w = 0.7 * 24.5 = 17.15 kN/m 2 ,
w = 0.3 * 24.5 = 7.4 kN/m 2

Straining Actions
* Vertical strip
17.2 kN/m`
17 kN/m`

17 kN/m`

8.2
+
14.45

8.2
0.82

0.82

14.45

26.2

N. F. D

B. M. D

* Section in Floor
7.4

kN/m`

5m
18.5

5m
18.5

18.5

18.5

18.5

B. M. D

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

:2000-2001

Design of critical sections

Consider fcu = 25 kN/cm2
St. 360/520

(1)
(3)
(4)

Sec. (1)
water side section
M = 8.2 kN.m
t = 50 M = 50 8.2 = 143.1 mm
take t s = 300 mm

f ct = f ct (M) >

f ctr

6M 6 * 8.2 * 10 6
where, f ct ( M ) = 2 =
= 0.546 N/mm 2
2
bt
1000 * 300
f ctr = 0.6 f cu = 0.6 25 = 3 N/mm 2
t v = t [1 +

f ctr

f ct ( N )
] = 300 = 1.45
f ct ( M )

29.76
= 2.06 N/mm 2 > f ct
1.45

(o.k)

M u = 1.5 * 8.2 = 12.3 kN.m

t = 300 mm d = 260 mm
12.3 * 10 6
c1 = 11.7
25 * 1000
J = 0.826
use max = 10mm cr = 0.85
d = c1

As =

Mu
12.3 * 10 6
=
= 187 mm 2 = 1.87 cm 2
cr f y dJ 360 * 260 * 0.826

choose 6 10 /m`
A`s = 6 10 /m`

(2)

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

:2000-2001

Sec. (2)
M = 8.2 kN.m & T = 14.45 kN (water side section)
t = 50 M + 30 = 173 mm
take t s = 300 mm
f ct = f ct ( N ) + f ct (M) >
f ct ( N ) =

f ctr

T 14.45 * 1000
=
= 0.048 kN/mm 2
Ac
300 * 1000

6M 6 * 8.2 * 10 6
f ct (M) = 2 =
= 0.546 kN/mm 2
2
bt
1000 * 300
f ct = 0.048 + 0.546 = 0.594 kN/mm 2
t v = t[1 +

f ct ( N )
0.048
] = 300[1 +
] = 326.3 mm
0.547
f ct ( M )

= 1.45 , f ctr = 3
f ct <

f ctr

o.k

kN/mm 2

f ctr

= 2.06

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

:2000-2001

M u = 1.5 * 8.2 = 12.3 kN.m & Tu = 1.5 * 14.45 = 21.7 kN

M u 12.3
t
=
= 0.57 m >
Tu
21.7
2

e=

(big ecc.)

t
+ cover = 0.57 - 0.15 + 0.04 = 0.46 m
2
= Tu e s = 21.7 * 0.46 = 10 kN.m

es = e M us

M us
f cu b

d = c1

260 = c1

10 * 10 6
c1 = 13
25 * 1000
J = 0.826

use max = 10 mm

cr = 0.85

M us
Tu
+
cr f y dJ cr f y / s

As =

10 * 10 6
21.7 * 1000 * 1.15
+
0.85 * 360 * 260 * 0.826
0.85 * 360
= 234 mm
choose 6
10 /m`
A`s = 0.2 A s
use 6 10 /m`
=

Sec. (3)
M =26.2 kN.m
t = 300 mm

& T = 14.45 kN (air side section)

& d = 260 mm

M u = 1.5 * 26.2 = 39.3 kN.m & Tu = 1.5 * 14.45 = 2.17 kN

M u 39.3
=
= 1.81 m (big ecc.)
Tu
21.7

e=

t
+ cover = 1.81 - 0.15 + 0.04 = 1.7 m
2
= Tu e s = 21.7 * 1.7 = 36.9 kN.m

es = e M us

d = c1

M us
f cu b

260 = c1

36.9 * 10 6
c1 = 6.77
25 * 1000
J = 0.826

use max = 10 mm
As =

M us
Tu
+
f y dJ f y / s

36.9 * 10 6
21.7 * 1000
+
= 200 mm 2
360 * 260 * 0.826
360/1.15
choose 6 10 /m`
A`s = 6 10 /m`
=

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

:2000-2001

Sec. (4)
M = 18.5 kN.m

(water side section)

t = 50 M = 50 18.5 = 215 mm
take t = 300 mm
f
f ct = f ct (M) > ctr

6M 6 * 18.5 * 10 6
=
= 1.23 N/mm 2
2
2
bt
1000 * 300
f (N )
t v = t[1 + ct
] = t = 300 mm = 1.45
f ct ( M )

f ct (M) =

f ctr = 0.6 f cu = 3 N/mm 2

f ct <

d = c1

f ctr

M us
f cu b

f ctr

= 2.06 N/mm 2

o.k

26 = c1

18.5 * 10 6 * 1.5
c1 = 7.8
25 * 1000
J = 0.826

use max = 10 mm
As =

cr = 0.85

M us
1.5 * 18.5 * 10 6
=
= 422.3 mm 2
cr f y dJ 0.85 * 360 * 260 * 0.826

choose 6 10 /m`
A`s = 6 10 /m`

Design of wall as beam

o.w= bt = 25 *0.3 *2 = 15 kN/m`
wf = 24.5 kN/m2
2m
5m

5m

5m

(r =1.25 , = 0.79 , = 0.6)

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

:2000-2001

Load for shear:

w = o.w + wf x = 1.5+0.6*24.5*2 = 44.4 kN/m`
Load for moment
w = o.w + wf x = 1.5+0.79*2.45*2 = 5.37 t/m`
Leff= C.L-C.L= 5 m
= 1.05 ln= 1.05 *4.7 = 4.94 m
t/Leff = 200/494 = 0.405 > 0.4 (deep beam)
wl 2 53.7 * 5 2
wl 2 53.7 * 5 2
=
= 112 kN/m , M ve =
=
= 134 kN/m`
12
12
10
10
For - ve moment
M u = 1.5 * 134 = 201 kN.m , d = 1900 mm

M + ve =

d = c1

Mu
f cu b

,1900 = c1

201 * 10 6
c1 = 11.6
25 * 300
J = 0.826

As =

Mu
201 * 10 6
=
= 360 mm 2
f y dJ 360 * 1900 * 0.826

use 3

16 for - ve &+ ve moment /m`

* Shear capacity has to be checked according to code provisions for deep beams
=0.5
= 1/3

Max. reaction of beam

R = 1.1 wl = 1.1 *44.4 *5 = 244 kN

2
a

For beam
Sec. of beam = 300 * 1000
o.w = 25 *0.3*1= 8 kN/m`
Load for moment
Load for shear

Mu
f cu b

,95 = c1

123 * 10 6
c1 = 7.4
25 * 300
J = 0.826

As =

Mu
123 * 10 6
=
= 440 mm 2
f y dJ 360 * 950 * 0.826

use 3

w = o.w + w x = 8+2*1/3 *24.5*2= 41 kN/m`

w = o.w + w x = 8+2*1/2 *24.5*2= 57 kN/m`

M = 41 * 2 2 / 2 = 82 kN.m
M u = 1.5 M = 123 kN.m

d = c1

16 , A`s = 2

12

Instructor: eng \ just for help

:2000-2001

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

(iii) loads on columns

w

vl. Load = 2 [244 + 57 *2]=716 kN

N = 716 *1.1 = 788 kN

P
1m

Wwind = 716 *5 = 5 kN/m`

P= 5 * 2 = 10 kN
M = 10*10 = 100 kN.m
8m

1m

Design of sec.
N = 788 kN
Nu = 1.5 *788 = 1182 kN
Design for N only
Nu = 0.35 Ac fcu +0.67 fy Asc
Nu = Ac [0.35 fcu + 0.67 fy ]
1182*1000= Ac [0.35*25+0.67*360*1/100]
Ac = 1059 cm2
Take column 300 *400 mm
To sustain the effect of buckling, take column 300 * 1000
He= k Ho = 2.2 *8 = 17.6 m
Consider unbraced column

Instructor: eng \ just for help

:2000-2001

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

H e 17.6
o.k
=
= 17.6 < max
1
t
> 10 (long column)

2 t

17.6 * 1000
=
=
= 155 mm
2000
2000
155
= 12.2 m.t
M add = P = 788 *
1000
M design = M 2 + M add , where M 2 is due to wind load
= 100 + 122 = 222 kN.m
N u = 1182 kN , M u = 1.5 * 222 = 333 kN.m
e=

Mu
333
=
= 0.3 m
N u 1182

e 0.3
=
= 0.3 > 0.05
t
1

o.k

use interaction diagram for f y = 3600, = 1 , = 0.8

k=

Nu
1182 * 1000
=
= 0.16
f cu bt 25 * 300 * 1000

Mu
e
333 * 10 6
=
=
= 0.04
t f cu bt 2 25 * 300 * 1000 2
= 0.0
0.4
use min steel =
bt /side
100
0.4
=
* 300 * 1000 = 1200 mm 2
100
choose 6
16
k

1000

300

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

:2000-2001

10/m`

10/m`

10/m`

16/m`

3
6

10/m`

10/m`

16/m`

10/m`

12

16

10/m`

12
2

12
2

10/m`

12
2

16
6

Cross sec. Of column

30
6
100

10/m`
6

10/m`

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

:2000-2001

Prob. (2)
40
4m
2m
60o
4m
4m
x

4m

Sec. Elevation x-x

Plan
Loads
The floor and wall will be considered as way slab in the plane of the paper.
Assume t = 40 cm
Floor
wf = ts + w h
= 25 *0.4 + 10*2 = 30 kN/m2
Wall
ww = ts = 25 *0.4 = 10 kN/m2
P = w h = 20 kN/m2
Straining Actions
L

wf

2m

ww

4m
2.3 m
60o
1.16

31.2
_
25.3 kN

_
+
20

20

25.3 kN

31.2
31.2

31.2
+
28.8

2m

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

:2000-2001

B. M. D

N. F. D
23.1 kN
T= 23.1 kN sin 60 =20 kN
60o

60o

23.1 kN
water pressure
29.2 sin 60
25.3 kN

o.w of wall + water weigh

= 1*23.1 +00.5*0.76*16
=29.2 kN

Design of critical sections

Sec. (1)
M = 31.2 kN.m

, T = 20 kN (water side section)

t = 50 M + 30 = 50 31.2 + 30 = 309 mm
take t = 400 mm
f
f ct = f ct ( N) + f ct (M) > ctr

f ct (N) =

T
20 * 1000
=
= 0.5 N/mm 2
Ac
100 * 40

6M 6 * 312 * 10 6
f ct ( M ) = 2 =
= 1.17 N/mm 2
2
bt
1000 * 400
f ct = 0.5 + 1.17 = 1.67 N/mm 2

t v = t[1 +

f ct ( N )
0.5
] = 570 mm , = 1.65
] = 400[1 +
f ct ( M )
1.17

f ctr = 0.6 f cu = 3 N/mm 2

f ct >

f ctr

f ctr

= 1.82 N/mm 2

o.k

M u = 1.5 * 31.2 = 46.8 kN.m & Tu = 1.5 * 20 = 30 kN

e=

M u 46.8
t
=
= 1.56m >
Tu
30
2

(big ecc.)

t
+ cover
2
= 1.56 - 0.2 + 0.04 = 1.40 m
M us = Tu e s = 30 * 1.4 = 42 kN.m

es = e -

(3)
(2)

(1)

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

:2000-2001

d = c1

Mu
f cu b

, 360 = c1

42 * 10 6
c1 = 8.78
25 * 1000
J = 0.826

use max = 10 mm
As =

cr = 0.85

M us
Tu
+
cr f y dJ cr f y / s

42 * 10 6
30 * 1000
=
+
= 5.74 mm 2
0.85 * 360 * 360 * 0.826 0.85 * 360 / 1.15
choose 8
10 /m`
A`s = 6 10 /m`

Sec. (2)
M = 288 kN.m & T= 20 kN
(air side section)
M u = 1.5 * 288 = 43.2 m.t & Tu = 1.5 * 20 = 30 kN
e=

M u 43.2
t
=
= 43.2 kN.m >
Tu
30
2

(big ecc.)

t
+ cover = 1.44 - 0.2 + 0.04 = 1.28 m
2
= Tu e s = 30 * 1.28 = 38.4 kN.m

es = e M us

d = c1

M us
f cu b

, 360 = c1

38.4 * 10 6
c1 = 9.19
25 * 1000
J = 0.826

use max = 10 mm
As =

cr = 0.85

M us
Tu
+
f y dJ f y / s

38.4 * 10 6
30 * 1000
+
= 455 mm 2
360 * 360 * 0.826 360 / 1.15
choose 6
10 /m`
A`s = 6 10 /m`
=

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

:2000-2001

Sec. (3)
M = 31.2 kN.m

, N = - 25.3 kN (water side section)

Big. Ecc. compression

t = 50 M 30 249 mm take t = 400 mm
f ct = f ct (N) + f ct (M)
- 25.3 * 1000
= 0.063 kN/mm 2
1000 * 400
6M 6 * 31.2 * 10 6
= 1.17 N/mm 2
f ct ( M ) = 2 =
2
bt
1000 * 400

f ct (N) =

f ct = 0.063 + 1.17 = 1.107 N/mm 2

t v = t[1 +

f ct ( N )
0.063
] = 400[1
] = 421 mm , = 1.6
f ct ( M )
1.17

f ctr = 0.6 f cu = 3 N/mm 2

f ctr

= 1.86 N/mm 2 > f ct

(o.k)

M u = 1.5 * 31.2 = 46.8 kN.m

N u = -1.5 * 2.53 = -38 kN
Use max = 10 mm

cr = 0.85

cr f y = 0.85 * 360 = 306 N/mm 2

Use strength interaction diagram for f y = 2800 kg/cm 2 ,

= 0.8 , = 1 A s = A`s = 8

10 /m` (same as for sec.1)

* Design of wall as deep beam

Water weight

* Loads in the plan of the wall

o.w of wall = b t sin
=60o
= 25 * 0.3 *2.31 sin 60
= 15 kN/m`
- wt of water = w A sin
= 10 * *1.16 *2 sin 60
= 10 kN/m`
- Load from floor = wf *2 = 30* 2 = 60 kN/m`
wt = 15 +10 +60 = 85 kN/m`
85 kN/m`
4m

4m

A
Own
weight

Instructor: eng \ just for help

:2000-2001

+ ve

M max

ve
M max

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

wl 2 85 * 4 2
=
=
= 113.3 kN/m
12
12
wl 2 85 * 4 2
=
=
= 136 kN/m
10
10

Check of deep beam condition

Le ff = C.L C.L = 4m
= 1.05 L n = 1.05 * 3.7 = 3.89 m
t
L e ff

2.31
= 0.59 > 0.4 Deep beam
3.89

for - ve moment
d = c1

t = 2310 mm d = 2200 mm

Mu
f cu b

1.5 * 136 * 10 6
2200 = c1
25 * 300
C1 = 13.34 J = 0.826
As =

Mu
1.5 * 136 * 10 6
=
= 312 mm 2
f y dJ 360 * 2200 * 0.826

1.3 * 312 = 406 mm 2

Smaller
11
A s min = greater
* 300 * 2200 = 2017 mm 2
360
0.15/100 * 30 * 2200 = 990 mm 2
use A s = 5 16 for both negative and positive momnts
Shear capacity has to be checked according to code provisions

Instructor: eng \ just for help

:2000-2001

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

(iii) Design of column

Load on each column
concrete
1
6.32 + 4
5.52 + 3.6
* 4[(
)*2 (
) * 1.6] * 25
2
2
2
water
1
5.52 + 3.6
+ * 4[(
) * 1.6] * 10 = 295.9
2
2
due to o.w of column Pcolumn = 1.1 * 295.9 = 325.2 kN

Wind load
P = 1 * 2 * 4 = 8 kN
M = 8 * 8 = 64 kN
M/column = 64/2 = 32 kN.m

Design for N only

Nu = 1.5 * 325.5 = 488.3 kN
Nu = [0.35 fcut + 0.67 fy ] Ac
488.3 * 1000 = [0.35 *25 + 0.67 *360 * 1/100] Ac
Ac = 43700 mm2
Take sec. 300 * 500
unbraced column
H
= e , H e = k H o = 1.6 * 7 = 11.2m
t
11.2 * 100
=
= 22.4 < ( max = 23)
50
take t = 70 = 16 > 10 (long column)

2 t

16 2 * 700
= 89.6 mm
2000
2000
89.6
= 29 kN.m
M add = P. = 325.5 *
1000
M design = 32 + 29 = 61 kN.m

M u = 1.5 * 61 = 92 kN.m

2m

6m

1m

6.32
5.52
1.6
0.4
3.6 m
4m

2m

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

:2000-2001

* Design for M & N

Mu = 9.2 m.t
Nu = 48.83 t
30 cm

Mu
92
=
= 0.2m
488.3
Nu

e=

70 cm

e 0.2
=
= 0.3 > 0.05
t 0.7
use interaction diagram
k=

for f y = 360 , = 1 , = 0.8

Nu
488.3 * 1000
=
= 0.093
f cu bt 25 * 300 * 700

Mu
e
92 * 10 6
=
=
= 0.025 , = o
t f cu bt 2 25 * 300 * 700 2
0.4
use min. steel A s =
* 300 * 700 = 8400 mm 2 /side
100
use 5
16

16

12

12

16

Sec. in column

300 mm
700 mm

10

40 cm
3

10/m`
6

10

16

40 cm
3

10/m`

Cross-section of tank

10/m`

10/m`

16
6

10/m`

Instructor: eng \ just for help

Subject: Water Tanks

Solved Examples

:2000-2001

40

10/m` 7

10/m` (L)
10/m`(L)

10/m` (U)

10/m`(U)

10/m` 8

5
5

4m

8
10/m`
10/m`

4m

4m

Plan

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