3 1 Plants and How They Grow
3 1 Plants and How They Grow
3 1 Plants and How They Grow
by Kim Fields
Genre
Comprehension Skill
Text Features
Science Content
Nonction
Captions Glossary
Plants
ISBN 0-328-13808-8
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Vocabulary coniferous deciduous extinct fossil germinate pollinate seed leaf seedling system
Illustration: 7 Alan Barnard; 17 Alan Barnard; 23 Alan Barnard Photographs: Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd). Title Page: Lou Jacobs Jr./Grant Heilman Photography; 2 John Warden/Index Stock Imagery; 4 DK Images; 5 (R) Silver Burdett Ginn, (CL) DK Images; 8 Lou Jacobs Jr./Grant Heilman Photography; 9 DK Images; 10 DK Images; 11 (T) Jeff Lepore/Photo Researchers, Inc., (B) Stone/Getty Images; 12 Carolina Biological/Visuals Unlimited; 13 (CR) DK Images, (TL) Brad Mogen/Visuals Unlimited; 14 (TL) John Poutier/Maxx Images, Inc., (TR) Darryl Torckler/Getty Images; 15 (TL) Brian Gordon Green/NGS Image Collection, (TR) Jorg & Petra Wegner/Animals Animals/Earth Scenes; 16 Nigel Cattlin/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 18 (BR) Kenneth W. Fink/Photo Researchers, Inc., (CC) DK Images, (TR) Nigel Cattlin/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 19 Nigel Cattlin/Holt Studios; 20 (CL) Neg./Transparency No. K13073. Courtesy Dept. of Library Services/American Museum of Natural History, (BC) John Cancalosi/Peter Arnold, Inc., (CR) Dr. E. R. Degginger/Color-Pic, Inc.; 21 David Muench/ Muench Photography, Inc; 22 (T) The Natural History Museum, London, (C) Wolfgang Kaehler/Corbis.
2. What are some different ways that seeds are scattered to make new plants? 3. How have plants changed over time? 4. In this book, you have read about pollination. Write to explain how petals help pollination. Use details from the book as you write. Compare and Contrast How are deciduous and coniferous trees alike? How are they different?
5.
ISBN: 0-328-13808-8 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
Plants come in all sizes and shapes. They can grow almost anywhere. Each plant needs special things to grow. Most plants have four parts. Roots, a stem, flowers, and leaves are the four main parts.
There are small root hairs at the tips of roots. Roots with their many hairs grow deep into the soil. These hairs take in water for the plant. Tubes carry water to the stem and leaves. The Sun can dry out a plant. On hot days, roots take in water to replace what is lost.
Water moves from the root hairs into the root. Then it travels up to the stem and leaves. Root hair
Beet
Potatoes are stem parts that grow underground. They store food for the plant. New stems can grow from a potatos buds. The buds are also called eyes. Some stems have special parts that keep plants safe. Some stems have hairs that sting animals. Other stems have thorns. Both thorns and stinging hairs help keep animals away.
These cactus plants have thorns. The thorns are special leaves.
Potatoes can be eaten. But you must dig them out of the ground.
Making Seeds
Flowers have special parts that make pollen. The petals of a flower attract insects or other animals. They often move the pollen. Wind can also pollinate a flower. This happens when pollen is moved to the part of another flower that makes seeds. When a flower is pollinated, seeds form. Fruit grows around the seeds to protect them.
This bee moves pollen from another plant to the seed-making part of the flower.
These plants and trees both have flowers. The trees are tall. The plants are short.
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Coniferous Trees
Coniferous trees do not lose their leaves all at once. They do not grow flowers. They have cones that make seeds. The leaves of these trees look like needles. Pine, spruce, hemlock, and fir are coniferous trees.
Seed
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Seeds need special things to sprout, or germinate. They need air, the right temperature, and enough water. When things are right, a seed sprouts. The seed breaks open and a seedling, or young plant, begins to grow. A young root grows down. A stem with leaves grows up. This plant uses food stored in its seed to grow.
Seed coat
Tiny plant
Seed leaf
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Soon the seedling grows into an adult plant with flowers. The flowers are pollinated and new seeds grow. If the seeds germinate they grow into new plants. Then the cycle starts again.
Seedling
Seed
Adult plant
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Petrified fossils form when rock replaces plant parts. Sometimes a tree gets buried in the ground. Minerals from water replace the trees wood. Over a long time, the wood becomes stone. When a plant becomes extinct, none of its kind will ever live again. Ferns that live today are different from extinct ferns.
Petrified wood fossils
Ferns
Horsetail
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Magnolias are flowering plants. They have grown and changed over millions of years. Magnolias from long ago kept their leaves year-round. Now, some magnolias lose their leaves in the fall. But magnolia flowers have stayed the same for millions of years. Plants grow all over the Earth. They grow and live in different ways. Plants make food energy from light energy. Without them, life would be impossible!
Magnolia trees grew on Earth when dinosaurs lived here. Dinosaurs are extinct. Magnolia trees are still found on Earth.
Some magnolias bloom all at once in spring. Then new leaves grow.
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Glossary Vocabulary
1. How do roots help a plant stay alive? 2. What are some different ways that seeds are scattered to make new plants? 3. How have plants changed over time? 4. In this book, you have read about pollination. Write to explain how petals help pollination. Use details from the book as you write. Compare and Contrast How are deciduous and coniferous trees alike? How are they different?
seed leaf
seed leaf
seedling system
5.
seedling system
Illustration: 7 Alan Barnard; 17 Alan Barnard; 23 Alan Barnard Photographs: Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd). Title Page: Lou Jacobs Jr./Grant Heilman Photography; 2 John Warden/Index Stock Imagery; 4 DK Images; 5 (R) Silver Burdett Ginn, (CL) DK Images; 8 Lou Jacobs Jr./Grant Heilman Photography; 9 DK Images; 10 DK Images; 11 (T) Jeff Lepore/Photo Researchers, Inc., (B) Stone/Getty Images; 12 Carolina Biological/Visuals Unlimited; 13 (CR) DK Images, (TL) Brad Mogen/Visuals Unlimited; 14 (TL) John Poutier/Maxx Images, Inc., (TR) Darryl Torckler/Getty Images; 15 (TL) Brian Gordon Green/NGS Image Collection, (TR) Jorg & Petra Wegner/Animals Animals/Earth Scenes; 16 Nigel Cattlin/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 18 (BR) Kenneth W. Fink/Photo Researchers, Inc., (CC) DK Images, (TR) Nigel Cattlin/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 19 Nigel Cattlin/Holt Studios; 20 (CL) Neg./Transparency No. K13073. Courtesy Dept. of Library Services/American Museum of Natural History, (BC) John Cancalosi/Peter Arnold, Inc., (CR) Dr. E. R. Degginger/Color-Pic, Inc.; 21 David Muench/ Muench Photography, Inc; 22 (T) The Natural History Museum, London, (C) Wolfgang Kaehler/Corbis.
ISBN: 0-328-13808-8 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
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