Kebarangkalian Hujung Atas Q Bagi Taburan Normal

THE UPPER TAIL PROBABILITY Q(z) FOR THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION N(0, 1)
KEBARANGKALIAN HUJUNG ATAS Q(z) BAGI TABURAN NORMAL N(0, 1)
Minus / Tolak
0.0
0.5000
0.4960
0.4920
0.4880
0.4840
0.4801
0.4761
0.4721
0.4681
0.4641
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
0.4602
0.4562
0.4522
0.4483
0.4443
0.4404
0.4364
0.4325
0.4286
0.4247
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
0.2
0.4207
0.4168
0.4129
0.4090
0.4052
0.4013
0.3974
0.3936
0.3897
0.3859
12
15
19
23
27
31
35
0.3821
0.3783
0.3745
0.3707
0.3669
0.3632
0.3594
0.3557
0.3520
0.3483
11
15
19
22
26
30
34
0.3446
0.3409
0.3372
0.3336
0.3300
0.3264
0.3228
0.3192
0.3156
0.3121
11
15
18
22
25
29
32
0.5
0.3085
0.3050
0.3015
0.2981
0.2946
0.2912
0.2877
0.2843
0.2810
0.2776
10
14
17
20
24
27
31
0.2743
0.2709
0.2676
0.2643
0.2611
0.2578
0.2546
0.2514
0.2483
0.2451
10
13
16
19
23
26
29
0.7
0.2420
0.2389
0.2358
0.2327
0.2296
0.2266
0.2236
0.2206
0.2177
0.2148
12
15
18
21
24
27
0.2119
0.2090
0.2061
0.2033
0.2005
0.1977
0.1949
0.1922
0.1894
0.1867
11
14
16
19
22
25
0.1841
0.1814
0.1788
0.1762
0.1736
0.1711
0.1685
0.1660
0.1635
0.1611
10
13
15
18
20
23
1.0
0.1587
0.1562
0.1539
0.1515
0.1492
0.1469
0.1446
0.1423
0.1401
0.1379
12
14
16
19
21
0.1357
0.1335
0.1314
0.1292
0.1271
0.1251
0.1230
0.1210
0.1190
0.1170
10
12
14
16
18
1.2
0.1151
0.1131
0.1112
0.1093
0.1075
0.1056
0.1038
0.1020
0.1003
0.0985
11
13
15
17
0.0968
0.0951
0.0934
0.0918
0.0901
0.0885
0.0869
0.0853
0.0838
0.0823
10
11
13
14
0.0808
0.0793
0.0778
0.0764
0.0749
0.0735
0.0721
0.0708
0.0694
0.0681
10
11
13
1.5
0.0668
0.0655
0.0643
0.0630
0.0618
0.0606
0.0594
0.0582
0.0571
0.0559
10
11
0.0548
0.0537
0.0526
0.0516
0.0505
0.0495
0.0485
0..0475
0.0465
0.0455
1.7
0.0446
0.0436
0.0427
0.0418
0.0409
0.0401
0.0392
0.0384
0.0375
0.0367
0.0359
0.0351
0.0344
0.0336
0.0329
0.0322
0.0314
0.0307
0.0301
0.0294
0.0287
0.0281
0.0274
0.0268
0.0262
0.0256
0.0250
0.0244
0.0239
0.0233
2.0
0.0228
0.0222
0.0217
0.0212
0.0207
0.0202
0.0197
0.0192
0.0188
0.0183
0.0179
0.0174
0.0170
0.0166
0.0162
0.0158
0.0154
0.0150
0.0146
0.0143
2.2
0.0139
0.0136
0.0132
0.0129
0.0125
0.0122
0.0119
0.0116
0.0113
0.0110
0.0107
0.0104
0.0102
10
13
15
18
20
23
12
14
16
16
21
11
13
15
17
19
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.8
1.9
2.1
2.3
0.00990
0.00964
0.00755
0.02734
2.4
0.00820
2.5
0.00621
0.00604
0.00587
0.00570
0.00466
0.00453
0.00440
2.7
0.00347
0.00336
0.00256
2.6
2.8
2.9
3.0
0.00798
0.00776
0.00939
0.00914
0.00889
0.00866
0.00842
0.02714
0.02695
0.00676
0.00657
0.00639
11
13
15
17
0.00554
0.00539
0.00523
0.00508
0.00494
0.00480
11
12
14
0.00427
0.00415
0.00402
0.00391
0.00379
0.00368
0.00357
10
0.00326
0.00317
0.00307
0.00298
0.00289
0.00280
0.00272
0.00264
0.00248
0.00240
0.00233
0.00226
0.00219
0.00212
0.00205
0.00199
0.00193
0.00187
0.00181
0.00175
0.00169
0.00164
0.00159
0.00154
0.00149
0.00144
0.00139
0.00135
0.00131
0.00126
0.00122
0.00118
0.00114
0.00111
0.00107
0.00104
0.00100
f (z)
Example / Contoh:
1
exp z 2
2
2
1
f ( z)
If X ~ N(0, 1), then
Jika X ~ N(0, 1), maka
Q( z ) f ( z ) dz
Q(z)
P(X > k) = Q(k)
P(X > 2.1) = Q(2.1) = 0.0179
The following formulae may be helpful in answering the questions. The symbols given are the ones
commonly used.
Rumus-rumus berikut boleh membantu anda menjawab soalan. Simbol-simbol yang diberi adalah yang
biasa digunakan.
ALGEBRA
b b 2 4ac
2a
log c b
log c c
log a b
a m a n a m n
a m a n a mn
10
(a m ) n a mn
11
Tn a (n 1)d
n
S n [2a (n 1)d ]
2
Tn ar n1
log a mn log a m log a n
12
m
log a m log a n
n
log a m n n log a m
13
log a
a(r n 1) a(1 r n )
Sn
,r 1
r 1
1 r
a
S
, r 1
1 r
CALCULUS / KALKULUS
1
y uv ,
dy
dv
du
u v
dx
dx
dx
Area under a curve

Luas di bawah lengkung
b
ydx or (atau)
a
2
3
du
dv
u
u dy
y ,
dx 2 dx
v dx
v
dy dy du
dx du dx
v
xdy
a
Volume generated
Isipadu janaan
b
y 2 dx or (atau)
a
b
x 2 dy
a
STATISTICS / STATISTIK
1
2
3
4
6
7
x
N
fx
f
( x x)
f ( x x)
f
fx
f
N F
C
m L 2
fm
Q1
I
100
Q0
W I
W
i i
Pr
n!
(n r )!
Cr
n!
(n r )!r!
10
P( A B) P( A) P( B) P( A B)
11
P( X r ) n Cr p r q nr , p q 1
12
Mean / Min , np
13
npq
14
GEOMETRY / GEOMETRI
1
Distance / Jarak
r x2 y2
^
xi y j
r
x2 y2
( x2 x1 ) 2 ( y 2 y1 ) 2
^
Midpoint / Titik tengah
x x2 y1 y 2
( x, y ) 1
,
2
2
3
A point dividing a segment of a line
Titik yang membahagi suatu tembereng garis
nx mx2 ny1 my2

( x, y ) 1
,
mn
mn
4
Area of triangle / Luas segitiga
1
x1 y 2 x2 y x3 y1 x2 y1 x3 y2 x1 y3
2
TRIGONOMETRY / TRIGONOMETRI
1
Arc length, s r
Area of sector, A
Panjang lengkok, s j
Luas sector, L
1 2
r
2
sin( A B) sin A cos B cos A sin B

sin( A B) sin A kos B kos A sin B
cos( A B) cos A cos B sin A sin B
1 2
j
2
sin 2 A cos 2 A 1
kos ( A B) kosA kosB sin A sin B
tan A tan B
1 tan A tan B
10
tan( A B)
11
tan 2 A
12
a
b
c
sin A sin B sin C
13
a 2 b 2 c 2 2bc cos A
sin 2 A kos 2 A 1
4
sec 2 A 1 tan 2 A
2 tan A
1 tan 2 A
sek 2 A 1 tan 2 A
5
cosec 2 A 1 cot 2 A
kosek 2 A 1 kot 2 A
sin 2 A 2 sin A cos A

sin 2 A 2 sin A kosA
cos 2 A cos 2 A sin 2 A

2 cos 2 A 1
1 2 sin 2 A
kos2 A kos 2 A sin 2 A
2 kos 2 A 1
1 2 sin 2 A
a 2 b 2 c 2 2bc kosA
14
Area of triangle / Luas segitiga
1
ab sin c
2

Kebarangkalian Hujung Atas Q Bagi Taburan Normal

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Kebarangkalian Hujung Atas Q Bagi Taburan Normal

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THE UPPER TAIL PROBABILITY Q(z) FOR THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION N(0, 1)

KEBARANGKALIAN HUJUNG ATAS Q(z) BAGI TABURAN NORMAL N(0, 1)

If X ~ N(0, 1), then

Jika X ~ N(0, 1), maka

P(X > k) = Q(k)

P(X > 2.1) = Q(2.1) = 0.0179

log a mn log a m log a n

Area under a curve

Midpoint / Titik tengah

A point dividing a segment of a line

Titik yang membahagi suatu tembereng garis

nx mx2 ny1 my2

Area of triangle / Luas segitiga

sin( A B) sin A cos B cos A sin B

cos( A B) cos A cos B sin A sin B

kos ( A B) kosA kosB sin A sin B

sin A sin B sin C

sin 2 A 2 sin A cos A

cos 2 A cos 2 A sin 2 A

Area of triangle / Luas segitiga

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