Is 11485.1985 PDF
Is 11485.1985 PDF
Is 11485.1985 PDF
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IS : 11485- 1985
Indian Standard
CRITERIA FOR
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF SLUICES IN
CONCRETE AND MASONRY DAMS
Spillways
Including
Energy
Dissipators
Sectional
J. F. MISTRY
BDC
54
Rcpresen t ing
Chairman
SRRI
Committee,
Irrigation
Department,
~Gandhinagar
Government
of
Gujarat,
Members
DR A. S. CRAWLA
CHIEF ENGINEER ( DAM DESIGN )
1986
INDIAN STANDARDS
INSTITUTION
This publication is protected under the Indiun Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 j and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
I publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
IS:11485-1985
( Continues from page 1 )
Representing
Members
Secretary
SHRI K. K. SHARMA
Joint Director ( Civ Engg ), IS1
IS:11485- 1985
Indian Standard
CRITERIA FOR
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF SLUICES IN
CONCRETE AND MASONRY DAMS
0.
FOREWORD
0.1This
Indian
Standard
was adopted
by the
Indian
Standards
Institution
on 20 November
1985, after the draft finalized
by the
Spillways Including
Energy Dissipators Sectional
Committee
had been
~approved by the Civil Engineering
Division Council.
0.2 Sluices
are provided
in the body of the dam to release regulated
supplies of water for a variety of purposes which are briefly listed below:
4
b)
River
diverson;
Irrigation;
c>Generation
4
4
f)
Water
of hydro-electric
supply
for municipal
power;
or industrial
in conjunction
Depletion
reservoir
remedial
h)
To furnish
necessary
stream; and
j>
For
maintenance
of a live stream
for
polation, preservation
of aquatic life, etc.
uses;
with the spillway;
temporarily
stored in
the storage in anticipa-
for satisfying
of stream
0.3 The flow through a sluice may be either pressure flow or free flow
along its entire length or a combination
of pressure flow in part length
and free flow in the remainder
part.
0.4 In the formulation
of
International
co-ordination
IS:11485-1985
different
countries
in addition
in this country.
This has been
following publication:
EM-1 110-2-1602
Hydraulic
Army ,Corps of Engineers.
design
of
reservoir
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard
in concrete
1.2
2. TYPES
2.1 Sluices
hydraulic
described
classified
for hydraulic
design
design of openings
of sluices
for penstocks.
OF SLUICES
may
be classified
depending
upon
their purpose,
their
operation or their alignment.
The first two types have been
in 0.2 and 0.3.
Based upon their alignment,
sluices may be
as under.
2.1.1 Straight Barrel Sluice - The barrel of this sluice is kept nearly
horizontal
between
the entry and exit transitions ( see Fig. la).
This
sluice has the advantage
of having minimum length due to which lesser
friction losses take place.
2.1.1.1
conditions:
Horizontal
a) When
sluices
are
generally
used
under
the following
b) When
they have to be located at or near the river bed level,
example,
in construction
sluices for river diversion.
2.1.1.2
throughout
kept
for
uniform
2.1.1.3
If the sluice is designed for pressure flow conditions then the
top profile of the sluice may be given a slight constriction in accordance
with 3.4.1.
On the other hand, if free flow conditions
prevail
then no
such constriction
is required.
barrel
of this sluice is generally
2.1.2 Trajectory Type Sluice - The
kept horizontal downstream
of the entry transition
up to the service gate
Beyond the service gate the bottom of
to facilitate resting of the latter.
the sluice conforms to the parabolic path of the trajectory
and meets the
downstream
face of the dam section tangentially
( see Fig. 1 ).
4
IS : 11485- 1985
OoWNSrREAM
FACE
OF SPILLWAY/NON-OVERFLOW
RGENCV
UPSTREAM
OF DAM
GATE
IA
Straight
1B
Trajectory
FACE
FIG. 1
2.1.2.1
shall be:.
The
Barrel Sluice
equation
Type Sluice
TYPE OF SLUICE
of the bottom
profile
x2 = k.H.y
where
k=
H=
x,y
coefficient ( A value of about 4 is generally used depending on the distance avaiIable to accommodate this curve
in the reach between the service gate and the downstream
face of the spillway/non-overflow section ).
head at the centre line of the gate opening.
= co-ordinates
( see Fig. lb ).
IS : 11485 - 1985
In case the trajectory
profile defined by the above ~equation would
not permit meeting the downstream
face tangentially,
the adjustment
of
pro&
may be effected
alternatively
by introducing
a small tilt in the
co-ordinate
axes through
a small transition
zone just downstream
of
service gate.
2.1.2.2
The width of the sluice is kept uniform
except in the entry transition.
2.1.2.3
stream
of
the sluce.
throughout
the length
3. DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS
3.1 Fixation
pressure
flow
conditions,
the
HT = hL + hv
where
hL = the cumulative
head;
hv == velocity
to overcome
various
head
losses
to
discharge;
losses of the system in terms
of velocity
and
head at the sluice exit.
HT = XL.---
LIZ
2g
IS : 11485- 1985
Then Q = al
2g HT
7
L
where
KL = constant,
which is obtained
losses in the system;
V-
after
considering
of the sluice
where
all the
the cross
Q = ~i~~~,g,essa~v~~rpe~~v~~i~~gh
.
3.1.2
3.1.2.1 When
open channel flow is controlled by regulating
the following relation shall be used.
Q = --&/G
C.L. ( HI 312 -
gates,
Hi 313)
where
Q=
g=
L=
&Hz =
C=
TABLE
discharge
acceleration
due to gravity;
COEFFICIENT
OF DISCHARGE,
) up to the
1 ).
C, FOR CONDUIT
ENTRANCES
( Chzuu 3.1.2.1 )
COEBFICIENT OF DISCHARGE, C
c___--__--_*.--_-_-_--_-1--7
Average
Minimum
Maximum
PARTICULARS
Il.70
0.60
O-63
0.81
0.68
0.70
095
0.71
0.82
Gate
in
rounded
thin
wall-corners
and
IS:11485
- 1985
C.A. 1/ 2gH
where
Q =
discharge
through
submerged
portion
of the gate
open-
ing,
between
portion
upstream
of the sluice,
and downstrem
water levels,
and
C =
coefficient
of discharge
for submerged
orifice or tube
flow.
( Its value generally varies between 0.62 to 0.81).
X2
02
or square
equation
__
( o.&q5
transition
may
= l
1s : 11485- 1985
3.3.2 For _a rectangular
entrance
with bottom
placed
even with
upstream floor, the side curves at the entrance
may be defined
by the
above equation.
However,
the top contraction
curve may be given by
the following equation:
YZ
X2
02
where D is the vertical
transition.
3.3.3 For a circular
following equation:
height
is the diameter
D )2 = '
of the sluice
entrance
( O*5x;
where
tion.
(0.67
)Z +
the
entry
YZ
(015D)z
downstream
transition
of
the entrance
is given
by
the
1
of the entrance
transi-
3.4 Exit of the Sluice - The exit of the sluice shall be tangential
to
either the downstream
face of the spillway/non-overflow
section or the
bucket or it may be upturned ( see Fig. 2 ).
3.4.1 In order to ensure the pressure
flow conditions
throughout
the
length of the sluice and to avoid negative pressures the section of the
sluice should be constricted
at the exit so as to give reduced
crosssectional area commensurate
with the increase in the velocity of flow.
A
constriction
of 10 to 15 percent in ilow area is generally
found adequate
by effecting constriction in the roof profile only.
3.4.2 When the exit of the sluices is not drowned, the top profile of the
sluices is given a small turn of about 1.0 to 1.5 metres normal to the
downstream
face of the spillway/non-overflow
section.
This helps in the
aeration of the sluice ( see Fig. 2 ).
3.4.3 In case of an upturned
exit, the shape and dimensions of the
profile may be best worked out on the basis of the model studies.
It has
to be used with caution
in spillway/non-overflow
sections
because
the
flow from the sluice may damage the energy dissipation arrangements
of
the spillway or the downstream
face of the spillway/non-overflow
section,
if it falls over them.
Alternatively,
a jet disperser
of suitable
shape,
based on model studies may be provided.
3.4.4 In case the sluices are located
in a spillway
section,
then no
separate
energy
dissipation
arrangements
are necessary.
However, if
they
are provided
in a non-overflow
section,
then separate
energy
dissrpation
arrangements
may have to be provided.
9
IS : 11485- 1985
TANGENTIAL
SPILLWAY
TO
PROFILE
i7
SLUlCE
___f
UPTURNED
SLUICE
__~
_
-\
\
FIG. 2
TYPESOF
10
SLUICE
EXIT
IS : 11485 - 1985
3.4.5 In case the spillway
and
eyebrow deflectors Mary be provided
be provided at the exit end.
3.5 Control
Devices - The flow through sluices is controlled by either
gates or valves.
Generally,
two sets ~of gates, that is, emergency
and
service gates are provided.
In case of construction
sluices, the flow is
generally uncontrolled
and only stoplogs are provided
for the eventual
plugging of the sluices.
Where the construction
sluices are required
to
be closed under flowing
water,
provision of emergency
gates may be
considered.
3.5.1 The control ( service ) gates shall be located as far upstream
as
possible.
The
operation
and servicing
may be done from operation
galleries/chambers
in the dam (see Fig. 3 ).
In order to repair
the
gates without emptying the reservoir should they become inoperative,
the
usual practice is to install a guard or emergency
gate further upstream in
the sluices.
These emergency
gates may be placed either at the entrance
or inside the sluice and operated from galleries.
UPSTREAM
FACE
OF
OAM -.,
SLUICE
OPERATION
CHAMBER
1
-AIR
VENT
GATE
are
suggestive
only.
These
may be changed to
IS : 11485- 1985
3.5.2 Sometimes when the sluice have to be located at high levels near
the crest in the spillway
section, where it is not possible to provide a
the sluices may also be located
in thick
gallery for gates operation,
spillway
piers in which the gates are operated from the top of pier ( see
Fig. 4 ).
~SPILCWAY
PER
SiEC-flGklAL PLAN
FIG. 4
AA
3.5.3 In case of high heads ( more than 30 m ) gate controls may also
be located near the downstream end of the sluice to minimize possibilities
of cavitation.
the
3.5.4 For better slot hydraulics,
practicable
and adequately
streamlined.
12
be as small as
IS : 11485- 1985
3.6 Air
jump
formation
fi = 0.006
6 ( FI,
in the conduit
-
1 )l*J
where
p = air-demand
Fl,
= Froude
=
VlC -
cc
number
at Vena
contracta
1/ g he
Velocity
dl, = Depth
g =
ratio
Acceleration
due to gravity.
pressure
drop
normally be
be provided
Normally
a sluice located
in a spillway
section
should not
simultaneously
with the spillway.
However, if it is obligatory
13
IS : 11485 - 1985
to run the sluice in conjunction
with the spillway, proper aeration should
be ensured at the exit either by running the sluice partially
full or by
providing
a suitable air-vent at the exit of the sluice.
3.6.4 Sometimes
a steel liner may also be provided in the sluices near
the gates to avoid cavitation damages.
In case of control being located
at the exit end, the entire length of sluice shall be provided with steel
liner.
3.7 Made1 Studies - Hydraulic
model studies are desirable to test the
efficacy of the hydraulic
design of the sluice and to verify the airdemand.
They
should be done for the pre-determined
minimum
reservoir
elevation
at which the sluice is designed to pass the required
discharge and also for higher reservoir elevations under
the gate opening necessary to pass the same discharge.
14