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    15 1 Standard Enthalpy Changes of ReactioasdASasASasn

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    NguyenHoangMinhDuc
    Standard enthalpy changes of formation and combustion are used to determine the enthalpy change of a reaction under standard conditions. The standard enthalpy change of formation is the enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements under standard state. The standard enthalpy change of combustion is the enthalpy change of a combustion reaction under standard conditions. The enthalpy change of a reaction can be calculated using the standard enthalpy changes of formation of the reactants and products. An example reaction is shown to calculate the standard enthalpy change of formation of methanol using its combustion reaction and standard enthalpy changes of formation of the products and reactants.

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    15 1 Standard Enthalpy Changes of ReactioasdASasASasn

    Uploaded by

    NguyenHoangMinhDuc
    14 views3 pages
    Standard enthalpy changes of formation and combustion are used to determine the enthalpy change of a reaction under standard conditions. The standard enthalpy change of formation is the enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements under standard state. The standard enthalpy change of combustion is the enthalpy change of a combustion reaction under standard conditions. The enthalpy change of a reaction can be calculated using the standard enthalpy changes of formation of the reactants and products. An example reaction is shown to calculate the standard enthalpy change of formation of methanol using its combustion reaction and standard enthalpy changes of formation of the products and reactants.

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    All of IB screwed resources repacked in the chemistry bundle muhaha

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    66110903 15 1 Standard Enthalpy Changes of ReactioasdASasASasn

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    Standard enthalpy changes of formation and combustion are used to determine the enthalpy change of a reaction under standard conditions. The standard enthalpy change of formation is the enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements under standard state. The standard enthalpy change of combustion is the enthalpy change of a combustion reaction under standard conditions. The enthalpy change of a reaction can be calculated using the standard enthalpy changes of formation of the reactants and products. An example reaction is shown to calculate the standard enthalpy change of formation of methanol using its combustion reaction and standard enthalpy changes of formation of the products and reactants.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    14 views3 pages

    15 1 Standard Enthalpy Changes of ReactioasdASasASasn

    Uploaded by

    NguyenHoangMinhDuc
    Standard enthalpy changes of formation and combustion are used to determine the enthalpy change of a reaction under standard conditions. The standard enthalpy change of formation is the enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements under standard state. The standard enthalpy change of combustion is the enthalpy change of a combustion reaction under standard conditions. The enthalpy change of a reaction can be calculated using the standard enthalpy changes of formation of the reactants and products. An example reaction is shown to calculate the standard enthalpy change of formation of methanol using its combustion reaction and standard enthalpy changes of formation of the products and reactants.

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    15.

    1 Standard Enthalpy Changes of Reaction


    15.1.1 - Define and apply the terms standard state, standard enthalpy change of
    formation, and standard enthalpy change of combustion
    Standard State
    The state that the substance is in at 298K [25C] and 1atm [1.01 x 10 2kPa]. For elements, this
    is solid, liquid or gas. For solutions, the standard state is 1M concentration.
    Standard Enthalpy Change of Formation
    The enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements under
    standard conditions
    Standard Enthalpy Change of Combustion
    The enthalpy change of a combustion reaction under standard conditions
    The standard enthalpy changes of formation and combustion for some compounds are
    found in the data booklet. The rest would be given to you in the exam, if you needed them.
    In these calculations, there is always one mole of the product formed. For these
    calculations, you may need to know the following terms:
    System the reaction
    Universe the system, together with its surroundings
    For a reaction that is thermally insulated, heat cannot enter of leave, making it a closed
    system.
    Remember that we can never know the enthalpy of a substance, so we instead determine
    the change in enthalpy (H) of the reaction.
    (

    To make the results of this comparable, we use the standard enthalpy change of reaction,
    which is done under standard conditions (101.3kPa and 298K), Hc.

    http://ibscrewed4chemistry.blogspot.com/

    15.1.2 - Determine the enthalpy change of a reaction using standard enthalpy changes of
    formation and combustion
    If the reaction is the combustions of a fuel, it is the standard enthalpy change of
    combustion, in which all the substances are in their standard state. This can be measured
    with a bomb calorimeter.
    On the other hand, if the reaction involves one mole of a compound being formed from its
    elements, then it is the standard enthalpy change of formation, Hf, all under standard
    conditions. The standard enthalpy change of formation of any element in its most stable
    form is zero.
    The standard enthalpy change of formation can be used to calculate the standard enthalpy
    change of reaction: Hreaction
    This means that the reaction took place under standard conditions

    aA + bB cC + dD
    In the reaction above, a mol of A reacts with b mol of B to make c mol of C and d mol of D
    The standard enthalpy of reaction can be calculated using the Hf values for the reactants
    and products
    Hreaction = [cHf (C) + dHf (D)] - [aHf(A)+ bHf(B)]
    = nHf (products) - mHf (reactants)
    m and n represent the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants and products.
    To help find the enthalpy of this reaction, we can perform simultaneous equations using
    the standard enthalpy of combustion of formation. An example is show further on.
    To do these calculations, there are a few important things to remember:

    The coefficients actually represent amount, not simply ratios

    Reversing the equation also reverses the sign on the enthalpy change

    http://ibscrewed4chemistry.blogspot.com/

    If the coefficients are multiplied by a factor, the enthalpy change is also multiplied by
    that factor.

    States need to be specified because they can affect the enthalpy change

    An Example Calculation
    Compound

    Hf (kJ mol-1)

    H2O (l)

    -286

    CO2 (g)

    -394

    Hc (kJ mol-1)

    CH3OH (l)

    ()

    ( )

    -715

    ( )

    ()

    The enthalpy value is doubled because two moles of CH3OH are used in the balanced
    equation.
    Hreaction(CH3OH) = nHf(products) - mHf(reactants)
    = [2Hf(CO2) + 4Hf(H2O)] [2Hf(CH3OH) + 3Hf(O2)]
    The equation is rearranged to give:
    2Hf(CH3OH) = [2(-394) + 4(-286)] [3(0) (1430)]
    2Hf(CH3OH) = -502
    Hf(CH3OH) = -251 kJ mol-1

    http://ibscrewed4chemistry.blogspot.com/

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