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    1-Enthalpy Intro Definitions

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    Saifulahmed49
    This document provides an introduction to enthalpy and defines key terms. It discusses how enthalpy change (ΔH) occurs when energy is transferred between a chemical system and its surroundings. Exothermic reactions have a negative ΔH value as energy is given out, while endothermic reactions have a positive ΔH as energy is taken in. Standard enthalpy changes of formation (ΔHf) and combustion (ΔHc) are defined as the energy change when 1 mole of a substance is formed or combusted under standard conditions. Examples of equations representing different enthalpy changes are also provided.

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    1-Enthalpy Intro Definitions

    Uploaded by

    Saifulahmed49
    72 views6 pages
    This document provides an introduction to enthalpy and defines key terms. It discusses how enthalpy change (ΔH) occurs when energy is transferred between a chemical system and its surroundings. Exothermic reactions have a negative ΔH value as energy is given out, while endothermic reactions have a positive ΔH as energy is taken in. Standard enthalpy changes of formation (ΔHf) and combustion (ΔHc) are defined as the energy change when 1 mole of a substance is formed or combusted under standard conditions. Examples of equations representing different enthalpy changes are also provided.

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    Enthalpy definitions

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    This document provides an introduction to enthalpy and defines key terms. It discusses how enthalpy change (ΔH) occurs when energy is transferred between a chemical system and its surroundings. Exothermic reactions have a negative ΔH value as energy is given out, while endothermic reactions have a positive ΔH as energy is taken in. Standard enthalpy changes of formation (ΔHf) and combustion (ΔHc) are defined as the energy change when 1 mole of a substance is formed or combusted under standard conditions. Examples of equations representing different enthalpy changes are also provided.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    72 views6 pages

    1-Enthalpy Intro Definitions

    Uploaded by

    Saifulahmed49
    This document provides an introduction to enthalpy and defines key terms. It discusses how enthalpy change (ΔH) occurs when energy is transferred between a chemical system and its surroundings. Exothermic reactions have a negative ΔH value as energy is given out, while endothermic reactions have a positive ΔH as energy is taken in. Standard enthalpy changes of formation (ΔHf) and combustion (ΔHc) are defined as the energy change when 1 mole of a substance is formed or combusted under standard conditions. Examples of equations representing different enthalpy changes are also provided.

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    You are on page 1of 6

    chemrevise.

    org 19/08/2013
    1
    Introduction to enthalpy
    N Goalby
    Chemrevise.org
    Enthalpy
    Enthalpy (symbol H) is the name used for chemical energy.
    In most reactions an enthalpy change occurs (symbol H)
    If an enthalpy change occurs then energy is transferred
    between system system system systemand surroundings . surroundings . surroundings . surroundings . The system is the
    chemicals and the surroundings is everything outside
    the chemicals.
    Definition Definition Definition Definition
    Enthalpy change is the amount of heat energy taken in or
    given out during any change in a system provided the
    pressure is constant
    Energy is the ability of a system to do work
    chemrevise.org 19/08/2013
    2
    Energy Level Diagrams
    Exothermic reactions
    energy
    course of reaction
    reactants
    products
    energy given out
    H is negative
    Energy Levels
    Exothermic reactions
    In an exothermic change energy is transferred
    from the system (chemicals) to the
    surroundings.

    The products have less energy than the


    reactants
    Combustion and neutralisation are exothermic
    chemrevise.org 19/08/2013
    3
    Energy Level Diagrams
    Endothermic reactions
    energy
    course of reaction
    energy taken in
    H is positive reactants
    products
    Energy Level Diagrams
    Endothermic reactions
    Energy is taken in
    The products have
    more energy than the
    reactants
    The energy is taken in from the surroundings
    chemrevise.org 19/08/2013
    4
    Summary Table
    Exothermic
    reactions
    Endothermic
    reactions
    Energy is given out to
    the surroundings
    Energy is taken in from the
    surroundings
    H is negative H is positive
    Products have less
    energy than reactants
    Products have more
    energy than reactants
    Definitions of enthalpy change
    Enthalpy changes are normally quoted at standard
    conditions.
    Standard conditions are :
    100kPa pressure
    298 K (room temperature or 25
    o
    C)
    Solutions at 1mol dm
    -3
    all substances should have their normal state at 298K
    When an enthalpy change is measured at
    standard conditions the symbol is used
    Eg H
    chemrevise.org 19/08/2013
    5
    Standard enthalpy change of formation
    The standard enthalpy change of formation of a compound is
    the energy transferred when 1 mole of the compound is
    formed from its elements under standard conditions (298K
    and 100kPa ), all reactants and products being in their
    standard states
    Symbol H
    f
    Equations representing enthalpy change of
    formation
    Mg (s) + Cl
    2
    (g) MgCl
    2
    (s)
    2Fe (s) + 1.5 O
    2
    (g) Fe
    2
    O
    3
    (s)
    Standard enthalpy change of Combustion
    The standard enthalpy of combustion of a substance is
    defined as the enthalpy change that occurs when one mole
    of a substance is combusted completely under standard
    conditions. (298K and 100kPa), all reactants and products
    being in their standard states
    Symbol H
    c
    CH
    4
    (g) + 2O
    2
    (g)CO
    2
    (g) + 2 H
    2
    O (l)
    Incomplete combustion will lead to soot (carbon), carbon
    monoxide and water. It will be less exothermic than
    complete combustion.
    chemrevise.org 19/08/2013
    6
    Is this reaction a H
    c
    or H
    f
    ?
    C+ O
    2
    CO
    2
    It is the Hc of C and the Hf of CO
    2
    H
    2
    + O
    2
    H
    2
    O
    It is the Hc of H
    2
    and the Hf of H
    2
    O
    You need to be aware these are the same as there are
    times when they are used to confuse

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