Earth's Magnetic Field by Using Tangentgalvanometer
Earth's Magnetic Field by Using Tangentgalvanometer
Earth's Magnetic Field by Using Tangentgalvanometer
Introduction
Materials Required
Principle
Diagram
Theory
Procedure
Observations
Calculations
Result
Precautions
Sources of error
Bobliography
Materials Required
Tangent galvanometer (TG),
Rheostat (R),
Battery (E),
Ammeter (A),
Key (k)
Reversing key
Connecting wires
Metre scale
Principle
When a bar magnet is suspended in two
Magnetic fields B and Bh, it comes to rest
making an angle with the direction of Bh.
Diagram
Theory
Tangent galvanometer is an early
measuring instrument for small electric
currents. It consists of a coil of insulated
copper wire wound on a circular nonmagnetic frame. Its working is based on
the principle of the tangent law of
magnetism. When a current is passed
through the circular coil, a magnetic field
(B) is produced at the center of the coil in
a direction perpendicular to the plane of
the coil. The TG is arranged in such a way
that the horizontal component of earths
magnetic field (Bh) is in the direction of the
Procedure:
For performing in real life
Connections are made as shown in the figure, where
K is the key, E the battery, A the ammeter, R the
rheostat, C the commutator, and T.G the tangent
galvanometer.
The commutator can reverse the current through
the T.G coil without changing the current in the rest
of the circuit.
Taking the average of the resulting two readings for
deflection averages out, any small error in
positioning the TG coil relative to the earths
magnetic field Bh .
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Observations
Range of ammeter r=_____________A
Least count of ammeter = __________A
Zero error in ammeter = __________A
Number of turns used (N) = __________
Table for Variation of with I.
S.
No.
Value of deflection,
For direct
current
1
2
For reverse
current
3
4
Mean
Tan
Ammeter Reading
(A)
Observed Corrected
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Outer
diameter
d2
Mean
Mean
Diameter Radius
d
Calculations
Result
The value of earths magnetic field by
using tangent galvanometer is
H = _________, G = _________T
Precautions
1. The battery should be freshly charged.
2. The magnetic needle should swing
freely in the horizontal plane.
3. The plane of coil must be set in
magnetic meridian.
4. All the readings must be adjusted
between 30o and 600.
Sources of error
1. There may be a magnetic material
around the apparatus.
2. The plane of the coil will not be exactly in
the magnetic meridian.
Applications:
Bibliography
http://amrita.vlab.co.in/?
sub=1&brch=192&sim=1049&cn
t=2
Comprehensive Physics Practical
Book
www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvano
meter
o Tangent Galvanometer
(Procedure) : Electricity &
Magnetism Virtual Lab : Physical
Sciences : Amrita Vishwa
Vidyapeetham Virtual Lab
amrita.vlab.co.in/?
sub=1&brch=192&sim=10
49&cnt=2
o Tangent Galvanometer
(Theory) : Electricity &
Magnetism Virtual Lab : Physical
http://physics.kenyon.edu/EarlyA
pparatus/Electrical_Measurement
s/Tangent_Galvan
ometer/Tangent_Galvanometer.ht
ml
o Galvanometer - Wikipedia, the
free encyclopedia
Observations and
Graph
Radius of the coil, a = 7.72cm
Number of turns in the coil = 2
Circumference of the coil,2a =
48.5cm
Trail
Numbe
r
Ammete
r
Reading
(A)
Pointer Deflection in
Degrees
Direct
Reverse
2 3
Mean
(degre
e)
tan
(degre
e)
K=1/tan
(A)
Bh
(I)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.11
10
20
30
40
45
50
55
60
10
20
30
40
45
50
55
60
15
30
40
50
55
60
65
70
15
30
40
50
55
60
65
70
12
25
35
45
50
55
60
65
o.22
0.57
0.77
1.00
1.19
1.43
1.73
2.14
2.27
1.75
2.14
2.00
2.10
2.09
2.03
1.87
3.6
7
2.8
3
3.4
6
3.2
4
3.4
0
3.3
8
3.2
8
3.0
3
10
10