Mark Scheme January 2008

GCE

GCE Chemistry (8080/9080)

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January 2008

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 Contents

1. Unit 6241/01 Mark Scheme 1

2. Unit 6242/01 Mark Scheme 13

3. Unit 6243/01A Mark Scheme 23

4. Unit 6243/02 Mark Scheme 29

5. Unit 6244/01 Mark Scheme 37

6. Unit 6245/01 Mark Scheme 53

7. Unit 6246/01A Mark Scheme 63

8. Unit 6246/02 Mark Scheme 69

i
 General Marking Guidance

x All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners

must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they
mark the last.
x Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be
rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than
penalised for omissions.
x Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
according to their perception of where the grade boundaries
may lie.
x There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark
scheme should be used appropriately.
x All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if
the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also
be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is
not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
x Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide
the principles by which marks will be awarded and
exemplification may be limited.
x When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the
mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must
be consulted.
x Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has
replaced it with an alternative response.

Using the mark scheme

1 / means that the responses are alternatives and either answer should receive full credit.
2 ( ) means that a phrase/word is not essential for the award of the mark, but helps the
examiner to get the sense of the expected answer.
3 [ ] words inside square brackets are instructions or guidance for examiners.
4 Phrases/words in bold indicate that the meaning of the phrase or the actual word is
essential to the answer.
5 ecf/TE/cq (error carried forward) means that a wrong answer given in an earlier part of a
question is used correctly in answer to a later part of the same question.

Quality of Written Communication

Questions which involve the writing of continuous prose will expect candidates to:

x show clarity of expression

x construct and present coherent arguments
x demonstrate an effective use of grammar, punctuation and spelling.

Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above abilities.
Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated “QWC” in
the mark scheme BUT this does not preclude others.

ii
6241/01

Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
1.(a)(i) Copper Subscripts/ignore capitals 3d94s2
…….3d104s1 4s inside 3d
1

Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
1.(a)(ii) Bromide ion Subscript/ignore capitals 4p inside 3d
…….3d104s24p6 4s inside 3d
1

Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
1.(b) The average mass (taking into account Weighted/mean in place of
the abundance of each isotope) of the average
atoms (of that element) (1)
Atoms must be mentioned
relative to 1/12th the (mass of a) at least once to score (2)
carbon 12 atom
Or Average mass of a mole of
relative to 12C = 12 (exactly) (1) atoms of an element
second mark stand alone relative to 1/12th mole of
C12 /
relative to one mole of 12C
= 12 (exactly) (2) 2

Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
1.(c) [62.93 x 69.17] + [64.93 x 30.83] (1) 63.54 with some working
100 scores (1)

= 63.55 (1) Correct answer alone

must be to 2 decimal places scores (2)

cq only on transcription error e.g. Answer should have no

69.71 provided answer to 2 d.p. unit, but allow unit of
“g mol-1” but not “grams”
or “g”

1
Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
1.(d)(i) Use of atomic
number scores 0
Cu C O H
57.5 5.40 36.2 0.900
63.5 12 16 1
0.906 0.450 2.26 0.900
2.01 1 5.02 2.00
Empirical formula Cu2CO5H2
(1) for dividing by atomic mass Correct answer without
(1) stating empirical formula working scores (2) 2

Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
1.(d)(ii) Empirical formula mass = 221 = Mr If use atomic number in(i)
Molecular formula Cu2CO5H2 allow mark for Cu2CO5H and
220
Must show use of 221
Allow any formula that
adds up to the correct
molecular formula

Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
1.(e) (Highest = 65Cu + 2 37Cl) = 139 (1)
(Lowest = 63Cu + 2 35Cl) = 133 (1)
Ignore units 2

2
Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
2.(a) Lithium
carmine/ red/ magenta/ crimson scarlet Brick-red
Any combination of these or prefaced
by deep or dark

Potassium: lilac mauve or purple

Sodium: yellow orange or yellow-

orange

All three correct 2 marks

Two correct 1 mark
2

Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
2.(b) Electrons (absorb heat energy and) are If answer based on
promoted (to higher level) (1) ‘Excited’ absorption spectra
any phrase that implies scores zero
movement to higher
level

They drop back and emit ignore references to Colour or energy

light/radiation (of characteristic shells, sub-shells, etc.
colour) (1)
2

Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
2.(c)(i) LiCl + H2SO4 o LiHSO4 + HCl Multiples
Ignore state symbols 2LiCl +H2SO4 o Li2SO4
+2HCl
1

Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
2.(c)(ii) K2CO3 + 2HNO3 o 2KNO3 + H2O + CO2 Multiples
CO32- + 2H+ o H2O + CO2 /H2CO3 K2CO3 + 2HNO3 o
2KNO3 + H2CO3
CO3 + H o
2- +
HCO3-
K2CO3 +HNO3 o KNO3 +
KHCO3
Ignore state symbols and spectator
ions
1

3
Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
2.(c)(iii) NaI + AgNO3 o AgI + NaNO3 Multiples
Ignore state symbols and spectator Ag+ + I o AgI
ions
1

Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
2.(d)(i) The beryllium ion would be (very) Allow Be2+ has a large Answers that refer
small (1) charge to size to polarisation of
ratio/large charge atoms score zero
density

and would polarise chloride ions Distort for polarise

(producing sharing of electrons /
covalency) (1) Anion for chloride ion

OR
Difference in electronegativity small Answers that refer
/similar (1) to electronegativity
Therefore share (pair of) electrons / of ions score zero
no electron transfer (1)

If both routes given. Mark both out of

2 and then score higher hark.
2

Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
2.(d)(ii) .. .. All dots or all crosses Dimer
:Cl : Be: Cl: or mixture of both Ionic formula
.. ..
Ignore shape and inner electrons if Polymer with
correct continuation bonds 1

4
Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
3.(a) x Diagram showing correct covalent If only two water If use O2H allow
and hydrogen bonds (1) molecules shown max 2 third mark only
marks

x Linear around at least two H and

water shown as ‘v’ shaped (1)

x + H and  O (1) must be shown

across at least one hydrogen bond Blobs for O and H If any H bond
provided correct +/ shown between
G- shown two oxygens or
G+ O two hydrogens

H H
G- G+ Ignore a slip in partial
charges provided not part
O of hydrogen bond
G+ G+
H H
G-
O

H H
G+ G+

5
Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
3.(b) Each water can form more hydrogen Each water molecule Just ‘H bonds in
bonds (than each hydrogen fluoride can form two hydrogen water are stronger’
molecule) (1) bonds, HF can only Is not good enough
form one to score the mark

Each water molecule

can form four hydrogen
bonds HF can only form
two

So more energy is needed to break the “Intermolecular force” Any reference to

hydrogen bonds in water/separate for “hydrogen bond” breaking covalent
molecules (hence higher boiling bonds/bonds in the
temperature) (1) molecule scores
zero.
2nd mark is stand alone unless wrong
intermolecular force identified in first
part e.g. vdw
2

Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
3.(c)(i) Ignore omission of +
O + O + sign in diagram

H H H H
H H

Must attempt to draw as a pyramid –

wedge or dash or both. If three lines
drawn must not look planar

Ignore name unless “planar”

1

Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
3.(c)(ii) Any number from 105 to 108 inclusive.
Mark independently of (c)(i) 1

Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
3.(c)(iii) Repulsion between the H3O+ and the H+ They are both cations
so repulsion
OR
They are both positive
so repulsion 1

6
Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
4.(a) Substance that can lower/reduce the Substance containing The oxidation
oxidation number (of an element in an element whose number goes down
another substance) oxidation number is
increased (in a A definition of redox
Ignore references to loss or gain of reaction)
electrons unless contradictory. OR
Causes a decrease in
the oxidation number
of the
molecule/species it
reacts with
OR
The reducing agent’s
oxidation number
increases 1

Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
4.(b)(i) 2ClO¯ + 4H+ + 2e() o Cl2 + 2H2O Or multiples

Ignore state symbols and  “-2e()”on RHS

1

Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
4.(b)(ii) 2Cl- o Cl2 + 2e() Or multiples

Ignore state symbols and  “-2e()” on LHS

1

Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
4.(c) ClO + Cl + 2H+ o Cl2 + H2O Or multiples
Stand alone not consequential on (b)
Ignore state symbols and  1

7
Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
4.(d) White/misty/steamy fumes White smoke

Mauve/purple/violet/ (iodine) lilac

vapour/gas/fumes

Black solid
(shiny) grey solid Just ‘dark solid’
precipitate
Any two of above
Ignore any yellow solid/
bubbling/fizzing
Ignore non-visible observations e.g.
getting hot
2

Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
4.(e)(i) 2KClO3 o 2KCl + 3O2 Or multiples
1

Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
4.(e)(ii) Oxidation numbers all correct (1)
Cl O
Start +5 -2 Allow 5+, 2-, 1- Cl5+ , Cl-1 , O-2
End -1 0 Allow V, -II, -I

Chlorine reduced Correct identification of

as oxidation number decreases/ O as oxidised and Cl as
changes from +5 to -1 (1) reduced scores (2)
provided oxidation
Oxygen oxidised as number change is in the
oxidation number increases/changes correct direction for
from -2 to 0 (1) both even if actual
numbers wrong.
Oxidation number mark may be
awarded if included within
explanations.

Penalise omission of reference to

oxidation or reduction once

2nd and 3rd marks are consequential on

stated oxidation numbers.
3

8
Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
5.(a)(i) The ability of an atom/element/ “Power/extent” Molecule
species to attract the electrons (1) instead of “ability”

“pulls toward/draws”
instead of “attract”

in a covalent bond/bond pair/shared

electrons (1)
2
Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
5.(a)(ii) The molecule is symmetrical / Too small a
tetrahedral (1) difference in
electronegativity

So bond polarity/dipoles cancels Diagrams showing Charge cancels

OR vectors
centres of positive and negative
charge coincide (1) – stand alone
2
Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
5.(a)(iii) Dispersion/Induced dipole /London van der Waals/vdw Dipole-dipole
OR
temporary/instantaneous dipole Hydrogen bond

9
Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
5.(b)(i) Ignore sig. figs UNLESS rounded to 1SF

700 g TMP = 700 (1) = 6.14 mol Moles 2C8H18 = 700

114 228
= 3.07
Moles of oxygen = 12.5 x 6.14 (1) =
76.75

Volume of oxygen = 12.5 x 6.14 x 24

=1842 dm3 (1) 1840/1800 dm3
Units essential 1830 if 6.14 rounded to
Working must be checked i.e. 6.1
3.07 x 25 x 24 = 1842 dm3 (2)
3.07 x 12.5 x 24 = 921 dm3 (1)

OR
228 g of TMP need 25 x 24 dm3 of
oxygen (1)

 700 g of TMP need 25 x 24 x 700 of

228
oxygen(1)

= 1842 dm3(1)

Units essential
[Working must be checked]
3
Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
5.(b)(ii) Ignore sig. figs UNLESS rounded to 1SF

Moles of CO2 = 8 x6.14 (1) = 49.12

Mass of CO2 = 8 x6.14 x44 = 2161 g (1) 2160/2200

Units essential but don’t penalise if or 2147 / 2150 / 2100
already penalised in (i) if 6.14 rounded to 6.1

OR
228 g of TMP give 44 x 16 g CO2 (1)
 700g of TMP give 44 x 16 x 700 g
228
of CO2
= 2161 g (1)

Could be consequential on (i) 2

10
Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
6.(a) Energy/Enthalpy/heat change per mole for “Required” instead of
the (1) “change”

Removal of one electron (per atom) (1) X(g) o X+(g) + e(¯) can
score last 2 marks
From 1 mole of gaseous atoms (1)

If wrong equation given with a correct

definition (max 2)

3
Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
Number
6.(b) Increase in shielding/screening (1)

Increase in nuclear charge/more

protons/atomic number (1)

Increase in distance (of outermost Electron at higher

electron)/larger atomic radius energy level
OR
(increase in) shielding outweighs nuclear
charge (increase) (1)

Ignore references to:

effective nuclear charge OR nuclear
attraction 3

Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Reject Mark

Number
6.(c)(i) Na:Mg:Al
metallic (structure)

Si
giant atomic (structure)

P:S:Cl:Ar
simple molecular
All three correct 1 mark
1

11
Question Correct Answer Acceptable Reject Mark
Number Answers
6.(c)(ii) strong covalent bonds (1)

(throughout the lattice and lots of

energy) need to break many bonds (1)
2

Question Correct Answer Acceptable Reject Mark

Number Answers
6.(c)(iii) Aluminium supplies more electrons Reverse for Na
(per atom)/Al ion is more highly
charged/Al ion is smaller/ Al ion has a
higher charge density (1)

The (attractive) forces between the Any reference to

aluminium ions and the electrons are bonding other than
stronger/require more energy to break metallic bond/
than in the case of sodium. (1) sea of electrons/
delocalised system 2

12