Charts and References
Charts and References
Charts and References
Numbers
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
wac
npa
ymni
dpa
zapt
Skpe
Sakwi
Saglga
napcuka
wikcmna
30
wikcmna ymni
40
wikcmna dpa
100
opwiGe
dkuSni
teens - ak
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
ak waj
ak npa
ak ymni
ak dpa
ak zapt
ak Skpe
ak Sakwi
ak Saglga
ak napcuka
wikcmna npa
wikcmna npa sam
waj
31 wikcmna ymni sam
waj
99 wikcmna
napcuka sam
napcuka
474 opwiGe dpa sam
wikcmna Sakwi sam dpa
21
Times of Day
wchofa
(noon)
wichfayaSni
(morning)
aptu
(day)
wichofhiyye sam
Htaytu
(afternoon)
Htakyaka
(dusk)
po
(dawn)
hahpi
(night)
hacka
ismya
(early morning)
Htaytu
(evening)
hacka
(midnight)
59
aptu Tokheya
aptu npa
aptu ymni
aptu dpa
aptu zapt
owkayujajapi aptu
aptu waK
cawPe to wi
tmpsila wi
caP spa wi
Kta Sa wi
cawPe Gi wi
cawPefasna wi
wanyetu wi
wanchoka wi
teH wi
wict'a wi
canpopa wi
iStawicyaza wi
March
sore-eyes moon
TaSni wi
indiscernible moon
Seasons
Spring
sun time
Summer
potato time
Autumn
changeable time
Winter
snow time
maGksica agl wi
wtu (w yetu)
bloktu
ptaytu
wanyetu
The traditional Lakhta year begins with the first Thunderstorm of the Spring. Because of this, April is
generally the first month of the year.
TaSni wi sometimes appeared, but no one could tell for certain until the seasons revealed it. It is
considered the last month of the year, if it appears.
60
Time-related Terms
tu or ytu (suffix, expresses the concept of time)
maKa year
wanyetu year, winter
maKcaGe - season
wi month; sun, moon
ok week
aptu day
wiywapi calendar
Weather
osn cold
okxte hot
wakya agli or oSceca
storming
iwblu blizzard
washihe - hailing
maGju rain
whihe snowing
maSt sunny
Tat wind, windy
Direction
West
wiyHpeyata
North
wazyata
East
whinpxa
South
itkaGa
Value
Generosity
Wactognaka
Respect
yuniha
Wisdom
wokspe
Courage
cat t'iza
Color
black
spa
red
lta
yellow
zi
white
ska
61
Famous Names
Black Elk
Crazy Horse
Red Cloud
Sitting Bull
Spotted Tail
HeHka Spa
TaSka Wtko
MaHpya Lta
TaTka IytaNka
Sit GlSka
Important Places
All places are in South Dakota unless otherwise indicated:
Badlands - makSica
Bear Butte - MaT Pha
Black Hills - He Spa (traditional) or Pha Spa (modern)
Chadron (NE) - Cap Wakp OTwahe
Devil's Tower (WY) - MaT Tpila
Hot Springs - Mni Kta OTwahe
Kyle - Pejta Hka
Manderson - OyHpe
Mt. Rushmore - Wicte Kkapi
Oglala - MaKsa Wakp
Pine Ridge - Owakpmni OTwahe
Porcupine - Pah Sit
Rapid City - Mni Luzha Wakp OTwahe
Red Shirt - Ogle Lta
Wounded Knee - Cakp Opi
62
63
64