ESOP
ESOP
ESOP
An employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) is a way in which employees of a company can own a share
of the company they work for. There are different ways in which employees can receive stocks and
shares of their company. Employees can receive them as a bonus, buy them directly from the company,
or receive them through an ESOP.
In the United States, ESOPs are a very common form of employee ownership. They have been growing
in strength since about 1974. Around 11,000 companies have an ESOP in place, and nearly 8 million
employees are involved in them.
Companies may establish an ESOP for a number of purposes. Most press attention regarding the use of
ESOPs focuses on their use as a takeover defense or as buyouts of failing companies. These account for
a very small percentage of ESOPs.
The main purpose of an ESOP is to reward and motivate employees. They are also used to provide a
market for departing owners of successful companies. In most cases, an ESOP is given to an employee,
rather than purchased by an employee.
An ESOP is similar to a profit-sharing plan. A company sets up a trust fund, into which it contributes either
new shares of its own stocks or cash to buy existing shares. Another version of the ESOP borrows money
in order to buy existing or new shares. In this case, the company makes cash contributions to the plan in
order to repay the loan.
Company contributions to the plan are tax deductible. Shares in the trust are generally allocated to
individual employee accounts. All employees over the age of 21 can participate in the plan, and senior
members of the workforce acquire an increasing right to the shares in their account. This is known
as vesting, and employees should be fully vested within five to seven years. Other employee’s shares are
based on relative pay or some other equitable formula.
When employees leave the company, they receives their share options, and the company must be able to
buy back these options. They must buy them back at their full market value. In private companies,
employees are able to vote their shares on major issues such as relocation or closure. In public
companies, employees can vote on all issues.