Remote Monitoring and Control of Generator Sets in Diosdado Macapagal International Airport Using SCADA and PLC
Remote Monitoring and Control of Generator Sets in Diosdado Macapagal International Airport Using SCADA and PLC
Remote Monitoring and Control of Generator Sets in Diosdado Macapagal International Airport Using SCADA and PLC
major operations of industries such as substations, power plants, factories, and other
facilities over the recent years. SCADA has improved its scalability, functionality,
performance and directness and offers a new way of monitoring complex control
systems.
is not a fully control system but focuses more on supervisory level. Hence, it is a
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§he hardware architecture has mainly two (2) layers which are client and
data servers. §he client layer acts as the machine interface of the system while the data
layer handles most of the data and control processes. Data servers communicate in the
field using processes control such as PLC¶s connected in them and usually in a
network.
§he software architecture gives multi-tasking and uses real time database
located on one or more servers. It is responsible for acquisition and handling such as
polling controllers, alarm checking, calculations, logging and archiving based on set
parameters where controllers are connected to. However, it is possible to set particular
particular server and only changes on that parameter is communicated in the client.
interface to the data such as ASCII import/export for configuration data and applications
such as Visual Basic, C++ and C to access real time databases, logs and archives. It
also uses Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE), Dynamic Link Library (DLL), Object Linking
adding more specialized servers or clients for particular parameters such as alarm
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handling. §hus SCADA gives scalability wherein multiple data servers are connected to
multiple controllers. Servers only act based on its unique configuration and database for
MMI, alarm handling, logging, report generation and automation which can be used for
read/write access privileges to process parameters allocated on each groups like alarm,
and texts that provides graphical objects with links to variable processes. §hese objects
are ready-to-use or can be dragged and dropped from the library and included in
synoptic diagram.
which allows SCADA to record parameters in a specific chart or real time and historical
graph of parameters. §hus, each parameters of the control system are summarized and
monitored in a synoptic display that allows the user to monitor the control system
graphically.
data servers. §he alarms are logically handled centrally, i.e., the information only exists
in one place and all users see the same status (e.g., the acknowledgement), and
multiple alarm priority levels (in general many more than 3 such levels) are supported.
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Logging and archiving are often used to describe the same facility.
medium. Logging is typically performed on a cyclic basis, i.e., once a certain file size,
time period or number of points is reached the data is overwritten. Logging of data can
be performed at a set frequency, or only initiated if the value changes or when a specific
predefined event occurs. Report generation can produce reports using SQL type
EXCEL charts in the report, a "cut and paste" capability is in general not provided.
defined. In general, one can load a particular display, send an Email, run a user defined
a more complex sequence of actions on one or more devices. Sequences may also
components. Mainly are Remote §erminal Unit (R§U), Programmable Logic Control
(PLC) and a Communicator. But in terms of software component, it only has one which
manufacturers like Wonderware, Citect and GE-Fanuc which presents process data to a
human operator, and through which the human operator controls the process. An HMI
usually a software based program that links all Remote §erminal Units in gathering,
trending and management of data provided by sensors for a more accurate and safe
monitoring. §he HMI presents information to a block diagram where operators can
simply the brain of any monitoring facility where inputs and outputs are accessible by an
authorized operator.
sensors from the equipment into digital signals such as inputs and outputs. R§Us are
commonly located at the remote site which gathers information from pumps, valves and
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etc., using sensors and transmits the data to the human interface machine. It serves as
a medium of communication between the equipment and human machine interface for
an industrial environment, which uses a programmable memory for the internal storage
sequencing, timing, counting, and arithmetic to control, through digital or analog inputs
commercial and industrial control applications since it is economically cheap and easy
use §CP/IP protocol in communicating the field devices for proper control.
Communication can be classified as hard wired or wireless. In hard wired the R§Us are
connected using a conductor which enables them to communicate only within close
control application may vary from different remote locations. Wireless communication
eradicates the need of a conductor which will be used kilometers away from the control
room. §hus, wireless is a better medium to be used between R§Us than hard wired.
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nowadays, both private and public utilize the benefits provided by SCADA in monitoring
and control purposes. Some of these are power plants, substations, factories, and other
industrial facilities.
covers a wide area of land and has a power requirement of approximately 1megavolt-
ampere (MVA), frequently run generator sets during peak load hours. §hese generator
sets however are located on different places in DMIA and consequently make the
monitoring difficult. DMIA at this point in time, uses manual operation to run its
generator sets. As a result, the operator spends a lot of time in locating and operating
the generator sets during outages and peak loads due to such distances. §hus, DMIA
lacks a control and monitoring system that will remotely operate each generator sets
§he purpose of this project study is to create a simple and easy to use
Supervisory Control and Data Gathering System using presently available technologies
(SCADA, PLC, sensors, etc.) that will aid the Electro-Mechanical Department (EMD) of
DMIA for the operation of Generator Sets located at various places within the vicinity of
the establishment. §he final output shall center only on one generator set since it will
be possible to create a multiple of the database for the remaining machines. Also,
frequency, speed, winding temperatures, and fuel level. Fault conditions such as
overheating of windings, overcurrent or overload and short circuit shall also be denoted
Methods
§he methods that the researchers will apply to this feasibility study are the
following:
1. Survey
2. Programming of PLC
3. Designing SCADA
4. Creating a Prototype
§he first method the researchers will conduct is Survey. Since the study is
based in DMIA¶s generator sets, it is important to gather all the respective data in
Diosdado Macapagal International Airport. §his method includes the inspection of the
ratings of each generator sets mainly Volt-Ampere, Voltage, Ampere, Frequency, Speed
and etc. Following, analyzing these data is important in this first method before
PLC is important in SCADA since it provides all the controlling functions for running the
generators. PLC will be used in ON/OFF operation and tripping of the generators when
§he third method the researchers will conduct is designing the SCADA.
Since SCADA is defined to be a supervisory level which will use the PLC for controlling
the devices in the field it will be conducted after PLC programming. Design of SCADA
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includes the monitoring system for each component of the generators mainly Voltage,
Ampere, Frequency, Speed, Fuel Level, Running Conditions, Running Hours and etc.
And lastly, creating the prototype will be conducted for actual simulation of
the monitoring and control system finished by the researchers. §he system created will