Vaem
Vaem
Vaem
Benefits:
1) 2) 3) 4) Easier fit non-rectangular boundary Element size variation Pre-existing weak plane Implicit Poissons ratio
Elastic:
0 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -5000 0 1 2 3 4 5
Vor-ver
-10000
Vertical stress
Rec
1 3 2
-15000
Vor-med
-20000
Exact
Vor-small Vor-ver
-25000
Exact solution: y =
-30000
2P 4d 4 [1 2 ] (d + 4 x 2 ) 2 d
AEM
1) Update the location of the element node 2) Calculate the geometrical residuals as {RG}={f}-{Fm} 4) Take into account the geometrical residual [K]{u} = {r}+{RG}
1 u3 u1 u2 p 2 y x (a) u6 u4 u3 u5 1 u2 u1
u6 2
u5 u4
0
L
0
(b)
-20
vor-dx vor-dy analytic-dx analytic-dy
-15
-10
-5
Analytic formulation
Displacment (m)
Two-particle assemblage and their degrees of freedom (a) global coordinate (b) local coordinate 1 (xc1,yc1) p p 2 (xc2,yc2) ti+1
P=
EI [ L2
/2
d 1 sin 2 ( / 2)sin 2 2
/2
]2
x = 2L
-900
ti
-1000
Force (kN)
P / EI 2sin( / 2) y = P / EI
1 sin 2 ( / 2) sin 2 d ]
Fracture:
2
Compression boundary Compression - shear boundary
c Tension-shear boundary
VAEM AEM
Eo/100 Eo
Steel spring
By writing the springs strain energy and apply Castigiano theorem, we obtains: Stiffness matrix [K]=
1 0
, compression
, tension
(b-1)
[B] [D][B]d S
T
( y yc1 )
1 0 ( y yc 2 ) ( x xc 2 )