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IX: Pathophysiology: Predisposing Factor Precipitating Factors

This document describes the pathophysiology of community-acquired pneumonia in a 66-year-old patient. Exposure to noxious fumes compromised the patient's immune system, making them susceptible to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection through inhalation or aspiration. The bacteria rapidly multiplied in the lungs, releasing toxins that caused inflammation, fluid leakage into the alveoli, and impaired gas exchange. As a result, the patient experienced symptoms such as coughing, difficulty breathing, and hypoxemia.

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Candace Alcaraz
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1K views

IX: Pathophysiology: Predisposing Factor Precipitating Factors

This document describes the pathophysiology of community-acquired pneumonia in a 66-year-old patient. Exposure to noxious fumes compromised the patient's immune system, making them susceptible to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection through inhalation or aspiration. The bacteria rapidly multiplied in the lungs, releasing toxins that caused inflammation, fluid leakage into the alveoli, and impaired gas exchange. As a result, the patient experienced symptoms such as coughing, difficulty breathing, and hypoxemia.

Uploaded by

Candace Alcaraz
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IX: Pathophysiology

Predisposing Factor
Age: 66y/o

Precipitating Factors:
Environmental factors Frequent exposure to noxious fumes and toxins irritating the mucus of the lungs and compromising the immune system

S. Pneumoniae

Immune system is most likely to be compromise in aged person causing low defense mechanism

Organism enters the respiratory tract through inhalation/aspiration

Activation of defense mechanism Loss of effectiveness of defense mechanism

Penetrates the lower respiratory tract Increase Goblet Cell Organisms enters the alveoli Increase mucus secretion

Rapidly multiply

Irritation of the airway

Occluded airway

Colonization of bacteria inside the lung parenchyma

Release of damaging toxins

Hyperventilation

Airway constriction

Infection Release of cellular and chemical mediators

S/S: Decrease appetite

Inflammation of alveoli

RISK FOR NUTRITION IMBALANCE INEFECTIVE AIRWAY CLEARANCE

Vasodilation of blood vessels

Causes injury to alveolar capillary membrane

Increase blood flow/increased permeability of blood vessel

S/S: Cough Crackles

Plasma and CHON rich fluid leakage

Leakage of fluid into alveolar spaces

Accumulation of edematous fluid

Inflamed and fluid filled alveolar sac

WBC (mostly neutrophils) migrate into the alveoli fill the normally air containing spaces

PLEURITIC CHEST PAIN


Alveolar air sac become conceded

Increase ventilatory demand

S/S: Difficulty of breathing, Increase respiration

Affecting ventilation and diffusion

IMPARED GAS EXCHANGE

COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

Lung consolidation

Hypoxemia

INEFFECTIVE TISSUE PERFUSION

S/S: Pallor 3-4 sec. capillary refill

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