39 Design of V - Belt Drives
39 Design of V - Belt Drives
39 Design of V - Belt Drives
13
Belt drives
As for example, a single belt of B section may be sufficient to transmit the power,
instead of two belts of A section. This may increase the cost as well as weight of
the pulley, as two- grooved pulley is required. In general, it is better to choose
that section for which the required power transmission falls in the lower side of
the given range.
Another restriction of choice of belt section arises from the view point of minimum
pulley diameter. If a belt of higher thickness (higher section) is used with a
relatively smaller pulley, then the bending stress on the belt will increase, thereby
shortening the belt life.
Value Of X
A B C D
X (mm) 36 43 56 79
B 1016/40
(mm) (inches)
θ
T1 − mv 2 μα / sin
=e 2
T2 − mv 2
(13.3.2)
A belt drive is designed based on the design power, which is the modified
required power. The modification factor is called the service factor. The service
factor depends on hours of running, type of shock load expected and nature of
duty.
Modification of kW rating
Power rating of a typical V-belt section requires modification, since, the ratings
are given for the conditions other than operating conditions. The factors are as
follows,
In a belt drive, both the pulleys are not identical, hence to consider severity of
flexing, equivalent smaller pulley diameter is calculated based on speed ratio.
The power rating of V-belt is then estimated based on the equivalent smaller
pulley diameter ( dES ).
d ES = CSR dS
(13.3.4)
The power rating of V-belts are based on angle of wrap, α =1800 . Hence, Angle
of wrap correction factor ( Cvw ) is incorporated when α is not equal to 180ο .
There is an optimum belt length for which the power rating of a V-belt is given.
Let, the belt length be small then, in a given time it is stressed more than that for
the optimum belt length. Depending upon the amount of flexing in the belt in a
given time a belt length correction factor (CvL) is used in modifying power rating.
The belt speed of a V-belt drive should be around 20m/s to 25 m/s, but should
not exceed 30 m/s.
From the speed ratio, and chosen belt speed, pulley diameters are to be selected
from the standard sizes available.
The belt pitch length can be calculated if C, dL and dS are known. Corresponding
inside length then can be obtained from the given belt geometry. Nearest
standard length, selected from the design table, is the required belt length.
From section (13.3.7) above, the design power and modified power rating of a
belt can be obtained. Therefore,
Design Power
Number of belts =
Modified power rating of the belt
(13.3.6)
Sample Problem
Solution
The value 1.3 is selected from design data book for the given service condition.
Now,
π× d s × 1440
25 =
60 × 1000
∴ dS = 331.6 mm
∴ d L = 1.6 × 331.6 = 530.6mm
So, it is better to choose the second combination because it is very near to the
given speed ratio.
Therefore, selected pulley diameters are dS=355 mm and dL= 560 mm.
Let us consider, C = 1500 mm, this value satisfies the above condition.
Considering an open belt drive, the belt length,
π 1
Lo = (d L + d S ) + 2 C + (d L − d S )
2
2 4C
π 1
(5 6 0 + 3 5 5 ) + 3 0 0 0 + (5 6 0 − 3 5 5 ) ≈ 4 4 4 4 m m
2
=
2 6000
The nearest value of belt length for C-section is 4394 mm (from design data
book)
For the belt speed of 25 m/sec, the given power rating (kW) = 12.1 kW
For the obtained belt length, the length correction factor Cvl=1.04
D e te r m in a tio n o f a n g le o f w ra p
−1 − d s
d
β = s in ( L
) = 3 .9 2 0
2C
α L = 1 8 0 + 2 β = 1 8 7 .8 4 0 = 3 .2 8 ra d
α S = 1 8 0 − 2 β = 1 7 2 .1 6 0
= 3 .0 0 r a d
For the angle of wrap of 3.00 radian (smaller pulley), the angle of wrap factor, Cvw
is found to 0.98.for a C section belt.
Modified power rating of a belt (kW ) = Power rating of a belt (kW) x Cvw x Cvl
= 12.1 x 0.98 x 1.04 = 12.33 kW
26
Number of belts = = 2.1 ≈ 2
12.33
2 numbers of C 4394/173 belts are required for the transmission of 20 kW .
A1. From the given table, depending upon the required power transmission, a
belt section is chosen. However, the smaller pulley diameter should be less
than the pulley diameter as mentioned for the chosen belt section.
Q2. Why angle of wrap correction factor and belt length correction factor
is required to modify power rating of a belt?
0
A2. The power rating of V-belts are based on angle of wrap, α =180 . Hence, for
any angle of wrap, other than 180ο , a correction factor is required. Similarly,
if the belt length is different from optimum belt length for which the power
rating is given, then belt length correction factor is used, because, amount
of flexing in the belt in a given time is different from that in optimum belt
length.
A3. Let a V-belt of section A has inside length of 3012 mm. Then its designation
will be A 3012/118. Where, 118 is the corresponding length in inches.
References
1. V.Maleev and James B. Hartman , Machine Design, CBS Publishers And
Distributors.3rd Edition. 1983.
2. J.E Shigley and C.R Mischke , Mechanical Engineering Design , McGraw
Hill Publication, 5th Edition. 1989.
3. M.F Spotts, Design of Machine Elements, Prentice Hall India Pvt. Limited,
6th Edition, 1991.
4. Khurmi, R.S. and Gupta J.K., Text book on Machine Design, Eurasia
Publishing House, New Delhi.
5. Sharma, C.S. and Purohit Kamalesh, Design of Machine Elements,
Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2003.