Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 234 views

    Complex Fluid For Olga 5

    Uploaded by

    angry_gran
    This document discusses non-Newtonian fluids and their modeling in complex fluid simulations. It introduces various rheological models including Newtonian, Bingham, and power law fluids. It explains how properties like viscosity, yield stress, and shear thinning behavior affect multiphase flow. The document also summarizes OLGA's complex fluid module, which can model these non-Newtonian effects and predict unstable flow conditions for fluids with high, shear-dependent viscosities like waxy oils and emulsions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Complex Fluid For Olga 5

    Uploaded by

    angry_gran
    234 views10 pages
    This document discusses non-Newtonian fluids and their modeling in complex fluid simulations. It introduces various rheological models including Newtonian, Bingham, and power law fluids. It explains how properties like viscosity, yield stress, and shear thinning behavior affect multiphase flow. The document also summarizes OLGA's complex fluid module, which can model these non-Newtonian effects and predict unstable flow conditions for fluids with high, shear-dependent viscosities like waxy oils and emulsions.

    Original Description:

    complex fluid excerise using olga 5

    Original Title

    Complex Fluid for olga 5

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses non-Newtonian fluids and their modeling in complex fluid simulations. It introduces various rheological models including Newtonian, Bingham, and power law fluids. It explains how properties like viscosity, yield stress, and shear thinning behavior affect multiphase flow. The document also summarizes OLGA's complex fluid module, which can model these non-Newtonian effects and predict unstable flow conditions for fluids with high, shear-dependent viscosities like waxy oils and emulsions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    234 views10 pages

    Complex Fluid For Olga 5

    Uploaded by

    angry_gran
    This document discusses non-Newtonian fluids and their modeling in complex fluid simulations. It introduces various rheological models including Newtonian, Bingham, and power law fluids. It explains how properties like viscosity, yield stress, and shear thinning behavior affect multiphase flow. The document also summarizes OLGA's complex fluid module, which can model these non-Newtonian effects and predict unstable flow conditions for fluids with high, shear-dependent viscosities like waxy oils and emulsions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that there are different types of non-Newtonian fluids including Bingham, power-law, and fluids that exhibit both shear thinning and yield stress. Viscosity for these fluids depends on factors like temperature, shear rate, and varies differently compared to Newtonian fluids. It is important to model non-Newtonian fluids to accurately predict pressure drops, flow stability, and behavior during start-up processes.

    The different types of non-Newtonian fluids discussed are Bingham fluids, which have a yield stress, power-law fluids, which exhibit shear thinning, and fluids that can demonstrate both shear thinning and yield stress, like gelled waxy crude.

    Viscosity varies differently for different non-Newtonian fluids compared to Newtonian fluids. For example, Bingham fluids have a constant viscosity once the yield stress is overcome, while power-law fluids have viscosity that reduces with increased shear rate showing shear thinning. The stabilized crude sample shown varies in viscosity with both temperature and shear rate.

    Complex Fluid- Non Newtonian Fluid

    Dr. Lay Tiong LIM


    Total Indonesia (Balik Papan) 9th to 12th May 2011

    Temperature and flow assurance


    Reservoir Temperature

    > 70 C

    Oil
    Emulsion

    Gas

    40oC/104oF

    Wax
    30oC/86oF

    Water drop out

    Hydrate
    20oC/68oF

    Hydrate

    ambient < -50 C

    < 0oC/32o F (determined by ambient)

    < 0oC/32oF
    (determined by ambient + Joule Thomson)
    2

    VISCOSITY and its models


    Friction and fluid-pipe wall heat transfer are depending on the Reynolds number (Re = uD/)

    NEWTONIAN
    Viscosity depends on temperature (and pressure)

    BINGHAM
    Fluid must overcome a yield stress to flow Viscosity does not reduce with increased velocity

    POWER LAW
    Viscosity reduces with increased velocity shear thinning No yield stress

    Effect of oil viscosity on the discharge pressure of a multi-phase


    pump
    (simulated with OLGA pos. displ. pump)

    Pipe outlet pressure is the same for both cases. Pipeline profile is basically horizontal. The high viscosity (green curve) is above 100 Cp for more than 50 % of the line, while the low viscosity is about 2 Cp for the entire pipeline.

    dP ~ 23 Bar

    Newtonian Viscosity Shear stress:

    (Pa)

    Shear rate:

    du dy
    /

    (m/s/m)

    Viscosity:

    (Pa s)

    Newtonian Viscosity Shear stress:

    (Pa)

    Shear rate:

    du dy

    (m/s/m)

    Viscosity:

    (Pa s)

    Bingham fluids yield stress (no shear thinning)


    shear stress: apparent viscosity:

    y
    app y /

    yield stress plastic viscosity

    Power law shear thinning no yield stress

    shear stress: apparent viscosity:

    K n
    n 1 app K

    K n

    consistency factor power exponent

    Apparent viscosity as function of shear rate


    25.0 20.0 App. visc. Ns/m 2 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Shear rate (m/s)/m
    9

    Newtonian Power law Bingham

    Consistency factor: 5 Pa Power exponent: 0.1 Yield stress: 20 Pa Plastic viscosity: 5 Ns/m2

    Viscosity as function of T and shear rate


    Viscosity of stabilized crude as a function of temperature and shear rate
    450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 20 40 60 Temperature (C)

    Newtonian 30 s-1 100 s-1 300 s-1 500 s-1

    Viscosity (CP)

    80

    100

    10

    Effective viscosity in mixtures

    Effective viscosity vs. temperature (Uliq.,mix = 3.5 m/s, WC=70% and GLR =53)
    35 30
    Viscosity (CP)
    Calculated viscosity ignoring emulsion effect Measured effective viscosity

    25 20 15 10 5 0 30 35 40 45

    50

    55

    60

    Temperature (C)

    11

    OLGA Complex Fluid module


    Use for:
    Heavy oils Waxy oils Emulsions Hydrate slurries

    Rheology models
    Viscous Newtonian Power law Bingham

    Effects of complex fluids


    Increased range of unstable production Greater liquid hold-up Higher pressure drop

    Why COMPLEX fluid model is important?


    Higher pressure drop Slower cold start-up Unstable multiphase flow

    13

    With and without COMPLEX FLUID


    Trend data
    cold-s tart-s tandard: TOTAL MASS FLOW BRAN-1,PIPE-2,3 [kg/s ] cold-s tart-cm plx: TOTAL MASS FLOW BRAN-1,PIPE-2,3 [kg/s ]

    40 35 30 25 20 kg/s 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 0 0.5 1 Time [h] 1.5 2 2.5

    14

    Complex Fluid
    High viscosity, yield stress, or liquids exhibiting shear thinning.
    waxy oil or emulsions - shear thinning and high viscosity a slurry of hydrate crystals in oil - yield stress depending on the particle concentration.

    Fluids that demonstrate both shear thinning and a yield stress, e.g., gelled waxy crude, can only be approximated using complex fluid models. Standard OLGA flow models assume a Newtonian rheology OLGA does not automatically take into account fluid effects caused by Emulsions, Hydrates and Wax. OLGA provides several semi-empirical models to account for more complex rheologies.

    Complex Fluid Model


    The presence of yield stress or shear thinning in the liquid might result in a decreasing pressure drop with increasing production rates up to a certain point where the pressure drop is at a minimum, even for horizontal pipes. For production rates below this minimum, unstable operation might occur depending on the boundary conditions of the transport line. These instabilities can interact with other, more well known, multiphase flow phenomena such as terrain slugging and give rise to a wider range of unstable operational conditions. The purpose of the complex fluid model is to predict such behavior.

    When to use
    The complex fluid module should be used whenever a fluid exhibits significant deviation from Newtonian behavior, either by shear thinning (e.g., heavy oils) or influence of yield stress (e.g., waxy oils). For Newtonian liquids, the module should be used when modeling fluids with viscosity above 50 cP and it has been tested up to 1000 cP. The Complex Fluid Module requires a separate license

    Methods and assumptions


    Alternative for single phase flow: Complex viscosity model
    modifies viscosity only single data point input

    As opposed to the complex viscosity model, the complex fluid model includes numerous modifications to the physical models for both separated and distributed flow taking into account the nonNewtonian behavior of the fluids. Non-Newtonian behavior can be modeled for the liquid hydrocarbon phase, the water phase or both. The Newtonian option is included to capture the peculiarities of higher viscosity liquids.

    be dynamic

    19

    10

    You might also like