The Craftsman - 1906 - 08 - August PDF

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Tiffany C Co. 1906 Blue Book

Second edition A compact catalogue without illustrations - 530 pages of concise descriptions with an alphabetical side index affording quick access to the wide range of Tiffany & Co.s stock, with the prices at which articles may be purchased. Patrons will find this little book filled with helpful suggestions of jewelry, silverware, clocks, bronzes, and other artistic merchandise suitable for wedding presents or other gifts
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$26, %?i, $66, $70:
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Dorothy
Hand-woven
Manners
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For Boya. -lion high and dry. &mar tmchm. A mnic art*. Fits for lsium with snfmminr POOL uinest. Illustrated pamphlet sent free.
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Masterpieces of Colonial simplicity and elegance that harmonize perfectly with present-day luxuriousness. Beautiful and artistic effects for every room in the house. The work of craftsmen skilled in the art of hand-weaving. Substantial, inexpensive, reversible, washable. Sizes from 2 x 3 feet at $1 to 12x18 feet at $36.
Write for booklet that Manners Hand-woven Rugs tieres. Couchand Table-covers. tells about Dorothy and Carpets, Poras s express of $3. sample, prepaid a
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ILLUSTRATED ROOKLET of desirna electric fixtures. Irmpa. candlcstic~. etc. on receipt of 10cent8 in stamps 01coin. STICKLEX.l%r Cwt?~mnn.29
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BATHROOM MR. WM. H.
IN THE WAKEFIELD,
RESIDENCE KANSAS CITY,
OF MO.
F the above illustrated bathroom MR. SELBY H: KURFISS, the architect, says: The special feature of the second floor is the large bathroom to which is added a Rain Bath, which is made in circular form. The door and window casings, walls, ceiling and tub are all of Della Robbia glazed tile, floor being in Ceramic Mosaic in colors to harmonize with the walls. The color of the wainscoting, including decorated cap, is shades of jade stonei *the frieze and cove, old ivory with jade, light green and old rose decorations; the cerhng, old ivory with jade buttons. The design is so artistic and the blending of colors is so soft, being all mezzo tones, that it forms a beautiful picture as well as a perfect bathroom, and is a happy realization of the architects desires. g Ask your nearest tile dealer to show you samples of DellaRobbii glazed tile. Designs out costuponapplication. Tile for everywhere and anywhere. Write Dept. C for brochure.
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the old. complicated germ? wooden beds have given WV to the simpler. cleaner and far mire beautiful Sanitairc Beds. the beds in which every point is open to fresh air and sunlight and in which due omt collect nor YCI~~ bred. If you would sleep in rlmnlincII YOU cant get along witbm one of these hynienic
LENOX HOTEL
IN BUFFALO
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Their finishea are. beautiful. hard and smaoth. *Snowy White and Sanitare Gold and scores of others. RII of trace and orizinalitv. Their cxcluslve desi---- =A**& White FREE To thos e who writewe will send a sample of Sn&y or Sanitafre Gold finished tubing, one of the handsome lninhra me on Sanitairr reds and our book. HOW to Sleep Wdl-
&.. . . . I._ ..-. .-.. .~ _
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22 WEST
STICKLEY,
THIRTY-FOURTH STREET,
Publisher
NEW YORK CITY
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Specimens ISome Craftsman a r

PRINTED PICTURE of these few pieces of Craftsman Furniture is about as satisfying as a printed picture of a fragrant flower.
It can show the form and the outline, but the real qualities that give it charm are missing. In the case of this Furniture the charm is in the art with which the qualities of the wood and the leather are retained as real wood and leather, and this you must see to appreciate. To make this inspection possible we have in all important cities representative houses as our associates.
SK to be shown the Craftsman Furniture and Fittings, or drop us a line and well direct you to the proper place in your section.
IF you visit New York City, make sure to call at our Exhibition Kooms and youll be cordially welcomed.
Gustav
Stickley
City
The Craftsman 29 W. 34th St., New York
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HE installation of %* porcelain enameled fixtures is an investment paying sure dividends of health and cleanliness. The non-porous composition of sbd@ porcelain enameled ware renders it impervious to dirt and microbes. The immaculate cleanliness - the pure white lustre and beauty of designlifts the %M@@ bathroom from the level of a mere necessity to that of a luxurious possession. The cost of *.%tid Ware is moderate and its installation economical. Its porcelain surface is as dainty as china, but strong as the iron it covers.
Our how
Book MODERN
to plan. buy many
BATHROOMS your and inexpensive tiling etc. ABOVE
tells bathroom
you and
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Every
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of
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Ware guarantee o the are on the substion all bath
and arrange beautiful
bears our $&w&t@ outside.
and Gold trade-mark Ware.
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and has our trade-mark-$&w&cast Unless the labeland it is not $taardars they The word Refuse is stamped specify them
the cost of each fixture and beautiful THE 370-
in detail, together on the subject FIXTURES plumber freight.
with many hints on decoration, complete and contains Design 100 pages.
booklet
are all inferior and will cost you more &a&t@ trimmings brass fittings: etc. and see
in the end.
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from my
of our nickeled and lavatory.
at a cost approximating labor or piping.
not counting
that you get the genuine
with your
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The
Craftsman
THECRAFTSMAN
I
VOLUME
AUGUST,
1906
NUMBER 5
bmtents
Honorable
Richard
John
Seddon,
Late
Premier
of New
Zealand
Frontispiece
55 1
A New Civilization What New Zealand Has Accomplished IIhsb-aierf
By Florence Ftnch J&l/y hy Experiments in Soci:d and Economic Legislntion

. By Mary Ranbin Cranston
How Sweden Selects and Adapts to Her Own Needs The Results of World Wide Social Experiments IllUJtT-afPI A City Architects Country Retreat . Building a Home Instead of Just a Howx The The Bow Arm. A Story . . . .
568
By Henry Atterbury Smith By Annie Hamilton Donnell
580 585 593
Art of Vine Growing . . . . . A Long Island Garden That is an Ohjert Lesson to the Home <hardener
IIhtrateLf
Poets The Love-Womans Social Service
Ilhstratef
Love.
A Poem
. .
.
. _
By Curtis Hidden Page
604 605
of a City School .
By John Sparno
Reassurance.
A Poem
By Elizabeth Roberts MacDonald By Marguerite Glover
Simple Life in Japan Achieved by Contentment

Illustrated
613 614
626 630 638
ofSpirit and True Knowledgeof of Dreyfus . . . Number Seventeenth Reviews VII . . . . .
Art
By John k$arfo By Elisa H. Badger
The
Spiritual
Regeneration in Agriculture
A Craftswoman To
Ilhrtraied
Improve Mortuary IlhUllald Home House:
Sculpture the Clouds of 1906: Work: .
. . . . . . .
A Summer Craftsman Home
Above Series in Cabinet
Illlutraief
Training . Door
642 648 657
of the Series . Our Home Department
Als ik Kan The Open
Notes
PUBLISHED
BY GUSTAV
STICKLEY,
29
WEST
34~~
ST.,
NEW
YORK
25 Gwts Shglk Co$y

CoPYrkhtcd. 1906.by Gusrav Suckley.
IQ the l;par-, .)I?.00

Entered June 6. 1906 at Sew York CRY. as srcond-clas, matter
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THE NEW
HON. OF
RICHARD THE
JOHN MAN
SEDDON, WHO AND
LATE
PREMIER A AN ERA
OF OF
ZEALAND.
ORGANIZED CREATED
NEW
SYSTEM
GOVERNMENT FOR HIS
PROSPERITY
COUNTRY
m~THECRAFTSMAN~
GUSTAV STICKLEY.
77
VOLUME
EDITOR AND AUGUST. 1906
PUBLISHER NUMBER 5 ir
A NEW CIVILIZATION-WHAT NEW ZEALAND HAS ACCOMPLISHED BY HER EXPERIMENTS IN SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LEGISLATION: BY FLORENCE FINCH KELLY
EW ZEALAND is the only country on the face of the earth that has made government spell humanity. And, farther, it has made that humanity pay, not only in the welfare of its people, but in dollars and cents. The New Zealanders have revolutionized that conception of the purposes and functions of government which holds all over the rest of the world. For them it is no longer merely taxgatherer and policeman, but a combination of father, elder brother and friend. They are working out for themselves a new sort of civilization, the ideal of which is not the accumulation of wealth and power, but the welfare of the individual units of the community. Away from home the government of the island colony is generally supposed to be distinctly state socialistic in aims and tendency and the socialistic party, which has been fighting so hard for such slight results in the European countries, is thought to have accomplished more and come nearer to realizing its ideal in New Zealand than among any other people. It is true that some of the legislation, especially that intended to better the conditions of life for the workers, is in line with the policy of the socialist parties in France, Germany and elsewhere. Some measures, such as the old-age pension law and the superannuation of teachers, are socialistic in principle. These and the various commercial activities in which the government takes part, combine in making New Zealand a nearer approximation to the state socialistic ideal than has been attained in any other nation. Nevertheless, paradoxical though it may seem, the government is not socialistic in either its intentions or its theory, and in some of its principles it is so distinctly opposed to the principles of collectivism that it can not be called a socialistic govern5.51
A NEW
CIVILIZATION
ment by any one who cares about the accurate use of words. In commercial affairs it believes in and preserves the principle of competition and in its own commercial enterprises it seeks not monopoly but competition with private enterprise. Its intention is that these ventures shall be a source of income for the state. As a matter of fact, nearly all of them do pay a moderate profit. These two distinctions make it impossible for New Zealand to be called a socialist state or its government to be classed as socialistic. It exemplifies, rather, an extreme form of paternalism, or, perhaps fraternalism would be the more accurate designation. Its aim is to cut the claws and draw the teeth of competition, and it hopes, by this means of government competition, to strip present commercial methods of their greed and cruelty and yet to preserve in them the invigorating spirit of individual enterprise. The experiment is most interesting and its progress well worth watching. But it should not be confounded with state socialism. HEN I visited New Zealand a few months ago I found it to be a rich and thriving young country whose development has only just begun and whose wealth is likely to increase with great rapidity, for its resources are many and varied. Abounding prosperity is evident all through the islands. In proportion to its population New Zealand is the richest country in the world, for its national wealth is almost $1,500 per capita. But that fact, taken by itself, counts for little in the general happiness of a people. The United Kingdom, along with armies of unemployed, appalling poverty and an utterly hopeless slum problem, has a per capita wealth of only thirty dollars less than New Zealand. But per capita wealth takes on a new significance when one learns that in the island colony there is neither poverty nor great accumulations of money. The people will tell you proudly that they have. neither beggars nor millionaires. It is true that they have no beggars, and it is also a most unusual thing, in city, town or country, to see either man, woman or child who is not comfortably clad. It is also true that they have no millionaires, if wealth is counted, as they measure it, in pounds sterling. But if it is measured by dollars there are a few men in New Zealand, possibly a half-dozen, whose individual wealth would perhaps reach the milliondollar mark. But such would hardly be called rich in the United States or the United Kingdom, and in New Zealand, although they
5.52
NEW
CIVILIZATION
are the wealthiest men in the colony, they are neither idle nor parasitic. The opponents of Premier Seddons government-and they are many and bitter-will not admit that the prosperity of the colony is due in any wise to the legislation for which the Seddon government is responsible. They will tell you, with patriotic pride, of the rapid strides in material prosperity that their country is making, of the millions of dollars that the wool clip is worth every year, that the frozen meat export returns, that the dairy products and the flax industry pour into their pockets. But, they will add, we would have had all this just the same, even if we had never heard of Dick Seddon. And they will explain in detail, and to their own complete conviction, that it was the long Australian drought, the Boer war and the use of cold storage in ships that opened new markets for them and brought about their present remarkable prosperity. Doubtless these contributing causes have had much to do with the rapid growth of their industrial and commercial development. But, without those measures by which the liberal government has put men on the land and increased its productiveness manifold, the colony would have had no exports to pour into these new markets. And without that social and economic legislation by which the government aims to control the distribution of wealth this new stream of riches would have flowed in the same course that wealth has invariably taken elsewhere. I saw no reason to doubt and everything to convince me that without that legislation the island colony would now have many beggars and many millionaires, that she would be poring over a poverty problem and a criminal problem, that she would be equipped with cities and with slums, and fitted in every way to take her place in line with all the other civilized countries of both the old world and the new. EW ZEALAND is a young country. It is only a hundred years since the fist adventurous traders sought her shores, and it was not until a dozen years later that the first brave missionary landed with corn and wheat and gospel tidings. Sixty years ago three or four scattered handfuls of colonists were fighting for their homes and lives with the warlike Maori natives. Obviously, being thus young and having hardly more than tapped her rich and varied resources, her experiments in legislation have been more easily carried out than they would have been in an older, richer and more developed
553
NEW
CIVILIZATION
country where vested interests would have made a stronger opposition. But even so, New Zealand did not begin at the beginning when she started out to blaze the way for a new sort of civilization. She had an atrociously bad land system which had already brought upon her, small and young though she was, some of the worst evils of big estates and absentee landlordism. In 1890 nearly four-fifths of the land that was owned by the white people was in the form of huge estates held either by companies, mostly non-resident, or bv single owners. Most of this land had been bought for almost nothmg, and the wealth that it produced flowed in a constant stream out of the islands to the pockets of the owners in the home country. It was the old story of sheep against man. For comparativelv little of the land in these big estates was cultivated, most of it being given over to sheepgrazing. There was also.about the most vicious voting system that the mind of man, groping after free institutions, ever conceived. In the cities many voters were entitled to four or five or more votes each, according to the amount of their property, while in the country it was not unusual for one man to be able to cast as many as forty ballots. It is not surprising that previous to 1890 New Zealand had never had but two liberal ministries, and these of short duration. The island colony began to have a poverty problem early in her history. In the later eighties the streets of the cities were filled with idle men, thousands of them, begging for work, while their families were housed and fed in public soup-kitchens and shelter-sheds. Able-bodied men were leaving the islands by the shipload. During five years twenty thousand people left the country who would have been glad to stay in it if industrial conditions had been such that they could have found work or made homes. It is a long way economically from such a state of affairs to that which exists at present, with poverty abolished, virtually no unemployed, wages good, the standard of living high, industrial peace assured, industries thriving, all classes prosperous, contented and orderly. To have bridged it in half a generation is little less than marvelous.
T
554
HE liberal government that came into power in 1890, with John Ballance as premier, recognized that, in the final analysis, the prosperity of a country must depend on what it digs out of the ground. It set itself at once to get the people on the land and to help
NEW
CIVILIZATION
them to make it as productive as possible. It has paid constant attention to the task-almost irreverent from the standpoint of the timehonored tenets of political economy-f controling the distribution of wealth. A series of measures by which the government has entered into competition with private enterprise aims to curb commercial greed. And, flnally, another series is the outgrowth largely, and some of the measures entirely, of humanitarian sentiment. The land for the people has been the motto of the liberal government during all its fifteen years of life, and the principal aim of all its land legislation has been to make it easy for the poor to strike deep root into the soil. The men of the early nineties made a bitter fight in parliament to secure the perpetual lease on a thirty-year term as the only tenure for crown lands. The minister of lands, John McKenzie, as a boy in the Highlands of Scotland, had seen all the hardships and cruelties of eviction for non-payment of rent. and he fought for a land system in which there should be no freehold, with a grim determination and an intensity of conviction that make the reports of the parliamentary battles of those times a thrilling story, even to this day. But he had to compromise 6nally on a nine hundred and ninety-nine year lease, with no revaluation, at a four per cent. rental on the unimproved value of the land leasehold, with the right of purchase and a freehold tenure. The area of land that one person may buy or lease from the crown is limited. For some years the lease in perpetuity was the favorite tenure, but lately sentiment has been changing in favor of the freehold, and it is very likely that before long the government will have to grant the right of purchase to all crown tenants. That will, of course, open the door for the aggregation of large estates. But Premier Seddon purposed to shut that door and lock it by passing, probably at the present session of parliament, a bill limiting the area of land that one person may acquire or hold in any way. Existing titles will not be disturbed, but no man will be able to acquire, by lease, purchase or inheritance, more than a specified area of land, the amount varying with the grade. An important part of the land policy of the New Zealand government has been the breaking up of the big estates which were sucking the life-blood of the colony. It can compel the owner of wide-spreading acres to sell to the government, whether he wants to or not, and the property may be divided into small farms and village settlements and leased to
555
A NEW
CIVILIZATION
settlers. The first of these tracts to be resumed was the Cheviot estate, a block of land twelve miles square, whose sole human occupants were the owner and his family and their employees, in all some eighty persons. Ten years later one thousand five hundred people were living upon it, its productivity had increased fourteenfold and the rents were paying the government a profit of two per cent. upon the investment. The graduated land tax, which will be referred to later, is also an effective means in the breaking up of the big estates and in the preventing of the formation of new ones. Having made it easy, by means of the leasehold tenure at a low rental, for the poor man to get on the land without a large expenditure of money, the government inaugurated the policy of loaning him, at a low rate of interest, the money he would need to get started. The labor department of the government of New Zealand is unique in its methods of dealing with the unemployed. The free-labor bureaus of the United States are merely palliative in their aims and efforts, the labor hospices and employment bureaus of Germany and Switzerland, the farm colonies of England, the employment bureaus of Australia. are simply forms of charitable relief, a less obvious way of giving alms, and therefore pauperizing in their tendency. But the New Zealand labor department has been constructive in all its efforts and achievements. It is animated in all it does by that spirit of humanity, of brotherly kindness, which is a distinctive feature in all government administration in this colony. It was started soon after the political overturn of 1890, primarily with the intention of dealing with the problem of the unemployed. It finds employment either upon the public works-and the numerous government activities provide always a large and normal demand for labor-or with private employers. But its most important constructive work has been in getting the unemployed upon the land. If I sent a man away up into the back blocks to help make a road, said Mr. Tregear, the secretary of the department, with a shrewd twinkle of the eye, I knew hed soon get lonely and want his wife and family. As soon as his wages would warrant it wed send them along, and then I knew I had him fixed. For they couldnt get away again. He would soon discover how easy it was to get some land on lease from the government and a loan from the government to help him improve it, and before long, just as I expected and planned, he would be a settler. Mr. Tregear estimates that at
556
-----
-.-V
A NEW
CIVILIZATION
least ten thousand of the men for whom he has found work, who otherwise would have stayed in the wage class,. have become farmers and are now the prosperous, happy and contented owners of their homes. At first, while poverty was so dire, said Mr. Tregear, the government gave the men their railway fare. But I did not like that plan. So I soon began saying to them, If you have not got money for your fare you can borrow it from the government, just as you would from a brother. But you <mustpay it back as soon as you can, just as you would expect to return it to your brother. The losses from these advanced fares are very slight. There is now no problem of the unemployed in New Zealand, for there is plenty of work for all. Last fall the government wanted five hundred more laborers than it -could find. HE government is the most lenient of landlords. Having got the men upon the soil and loaned the money, if they needed it, for making improvements or, in the case of many already there, for paying off mortgages whose high rates of interest were grinding them into poverty and discouragement, the government treats them with the kindness and concern of a father who has started his sons in life. If a man has sickness or misfortune and can not meet his payments of rent or interest or the instalments of principal, the government waits for its dues until he gets on his feet again. But it has suffered no losses by this policy. If a man takes up a farm away in the back districts, where there are no schools, the government does not insist upon the condition of residence, but allows him to live where he can send his children to school. In sparsely settled regions, where a physician would not have enough practice to give him a living, it pays a salary to a physician, in order that the farmers may not be without the possibility of medical attention. The government concerns itself much with helping to open and improve markets for farm products and with aiding the farmers and dairymen to better the quality of their products. To this end all such produce-butter, cheese, poultry, meat, flax-must be inspected and graded by government experts before it is exported. And this inspection is thorough and conscientious. I went through a large building in Wellington where butter is graded and kept in cold storage for shipment to London. From threshold to roof it was as clean and sweet-smelling as any model farm-wifes milk-cellar. The system has paid the colony well,
561
A NEW
CIVILIZATION
for in the London market butter bearing the government stamp is excelled in price only by the Danish product. Dairy inspectors travel through the country, and report on the condition of the dairies, giving the owners instruction and advice. Dairy schools are instituted whenever asked for in a dairying community. The government favors the co-operative dairies-about half are of this class-by remitting income taxation and giving them encouragement in many ways. It imports blooded horses, cattle and sheep for stud purposes and hires them to farmers at a low cost. It inspects dairy herds, kills diseased cattle and recompenses the owners. It acts as commission agent for farmers who desire that service in the sale of their products. It subsidizes steamship lines in order to give the colonists the advantage of refrigerated ships in the marketing of their butter and cheese and meat. No other nation has gone to work so systematically as has New Zealand to get the people upon the land and help them to give it a high degree of productiveness. Of old-world countries France has done most to help her people to strike root in the soil, and has reaped the benefit in her thrifty peasant population. But even in France three-fourths of the land is owned by considerably less than one-fifth of the land-owners. The French people are beginning to understand that a widely distributed ownership and a thorough cultivation of the soil must be at the basis of a nations prosperity and the movement to buy up a great number of small farms and distribute them among indigent families is a step in that direction. But it is a something that is to be given by the state, while in New Zealand the state does not give. Its assistance is temporary, so that the man who is down may get on his feet, and then with self-respecting independence, pay back the help he has had. The land policy of the United States comes near to that of New Zealand in its final aim-of making a prosperous agricultural population-although differing widely in method. But we have tossed our public domain to any who wanted it with a recklessness whose cost we have yet to pay. UT it is in the series of laws by which New Zealand attempts to curb commercial greed, to regulate competition and to control the distribution of wealth that this little speck of land in the south seas has made the most striking departures from those laws
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of political economy which heretofore have been supposed to share somewhat in that divinity which doth hedge a king. In its financial and co-ercial activities the government aims merely to act as a brake upon the ordinary, unregenerate greed of commercial methods. It aims to prevent the formation of monopolies, the piling up of big for-es, the commercial squeezing, by those who have the power, of those who can not help themselves. It expects each of its enterprises to defray its own expenses and to return a small profit. New Zealands start in the policyof public ownership, however-in the railway system -had not that inspiration. It was merely a matter of economic necessity, The movement toward government ownership of railways in Europe, except in Switzerland, has been mainly the result of a marked centralizing tendency of government. In Switzerland it was the commonsense of the people, who recognized the economic advantages of the change, that brought about public ownership. New Zealand had to have railways, and only the state had or could get the money necessary for building them. By 1870-some years earlier than the European experiments in government, ownership, a national railway system, owned and operated by the state, was in operation. But there has always been some private competition. At present there are two short lines, measuring together one hundred and thirteen miles, that are privately owned. The New Zealand conception of a railway system is that it should not be a money-making enterprise, and that it should be not merely s common carrier, but an instrument with which to advance the general welfare and happiness. But it must pay for itself. The minister of railways, Sir Joseph Ward, told me that if they wished they could make their railway system yield a big profit. Instead, when profits rise they cut down passenger and freight rates or raise the wages and salaries of employees. The system returns a net profit of three and three-tenths per cent. upon the capital invested. The railway system of Germany yields a profit of six per cent. But the German idea of a railroad is that it is a means of conveyance for the better classes, in certain portions of which the tower classes may be allowed to ride. There are two classes of carriages in New Zealand, but very slight difference in the comfort and convenience of passengers and none whatever in their treatment. There are special and low rates for workingmen going to and from their work, extremely low rates for
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school children, and excursion rates of about four miles for a cent for factories and schools. On these school excursions city children are taken into the country and shown the industries and pleasures of farms, sheep-runs, orchards and dairies, and country children are taken into cities, received by school committees and shown over factories, museums, art galleries, ships, newspaper offices. The minister of railways figures that these excursions are a loss to the department, but he considers them a wise expenditure, because, from an educational point of view, they result in great benefit to the community. This view of a railway system as an instrument to be used for the intellectual elevation and enlightenment of the public is, I believe, peculiar to New Zealand. In essence it is socialistic, although the recipients preserve their self-respect by paying a portion of the cost. But it is no more socialistic than is the custom of passes among our own roads. During the summer season-vacation time for thousands of clerks and employees of all kinds and grades-passenger rates are cut in half. But so much does this increase the volume of travel that the department does not lose by the reduction. If a sudden calamity befalls some portion of the country the services of the railroad are given to the sufferers either free or at much reduced rates. But in general the policy of the department is that those who use the railroad must pay the cost of the service. When it does occasionally grant a favor, either in freight or passenger traffic, it is not to the rich and prosperous, but to those whose need is great and whose favoring will mean in the end a public benefit. The most objectionable thing that I saw in the railway affairs of New Zealand was the temper of the people in the matter of public expenditure for the construction of new lines. The government keeps several lines in course of construction, and builds a little here and a little there, making the railroad development much slower than if it were carried on by private enterprise. The minister of railways does not think it is a wise plan, and would much prefer to throw all his effort upon one line, fish it, and then go to another. But there is such a general clamor for an even distribution of the public money that he can not make use of this much more efficient and business-like policy. But every phase of human endeavor breeds its own evils, and this is probably no worse than those which result from private ownership.
NEW
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OVERNMENT insurance in New Zealand has little in common, in either genesis, methods or results, with the several schemes of state insurance in force in European countries. Austrias plan of compulsory insurance against accident and sickness is an effort of the state to defend itself against the burdens of pauperism. Its aim is to compel laboring men to make provision for the rainy day and so to keep them from dependency. Belgiums state life insurance is a cross between a similar idea and an attempt to give theoretical socialism a practical expression. It does such a small business that the experiment can hardly be called successful. Germanys huge system of workingmens insurance against sickness, injury, and old age is essentially socialistic, and had its origin in the necessity of giving something to !he strong socialist party. The New Zealand scheme of state insurance grew out of the failure of two British insurance companies in which many New Zealanders were insured, and had its origin partly in the difficulty of obtaining capital for private enterprise but largely in the general feeling that the state would furnish a more stable and trustworthy basis. Like the state railroads it was an economic necessity. The department, which has been in operation for thirty-five years, has been entirely successful. It gets nearly half of the life insurance business of the colony, and its proportion of new business constantly gains upon that of its competitors. It is run as a mutual company entirely as a business enterprise. It does not attempt to do brilliant things in financiering, to accumulate large reserves and make big profits. It pays all its own expenses, including land tax and income tax, and, after the actuaries are satisfied as to its reserves, it pays the remaining profits, amounting now to about $350,000 per year, in triennial bonuses to its policy-holders. Life insurance is compulsory upon all members of the civil service, but they can choose whatever company they like. An accident insurance branch was established a few years ago. In response to a very general demand a fire insurance department was started in 1905. Government life insurance had kept down rates, and people thought that a fire insurance scheme would do a similar service. The office opened its doors with an allround reduction of ten per cent. in rates. The private companies met this cut and made a still farther reduction of thirty-three per cent. in the rates on private dwellings and similar risks. The government office very willingly followed suit, knowing that this was simply so much taken from the profits of the private companies and left in the pockets
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of the people-the very reason for its existence. The department has had a stormy infancy, for the private companies have fought it by refusing to share or to reinsure its risks, but Lloyds finally consented to underwrite its insurance. Nevertheless, the first year of fire insurance was very successful. The office did a good business and saved to insurers the sum of three-quarters of a million dollars. The New Zealand government went into the business of loaning money a dozen years ago, partly for the purpose of making it possible to get poor men on the land and partly for the purpose of bringing down and controlling rates of interest. The experiment was as successful in the latter respect as in the former. Interest suddenly came tumbling from six, eight, and sometimes twelve per cent., to the rates established by the government-five per cent., reducible by, prompt payment to four and a half. It is estimated that this government venture in competition has saved to mortgagors in the colony some $40,000,000, besides large amounts in fees and commissions. There is no doubt that it has been an effective factor in the governments attempt to control the distribution of wealth. The latest year-book of the colony is authority for the statement that there have been no losses on advances since the inception of the office, nor are there any securities on its hands, and there are practically no arrears. In 1894the bank of New Zealand, by reason of mismanagement, was on the verge of ruin. The government came to its rescue, bought a majority of its shares and assumed its management. Its business is conducted in competition with numerous private banks, colonial and Australian. It has prospered remarkably under government control, its shares having doubled in value and its net profits having risen steadily each year. The dividend paid to shareholders last year was five per cent. New Zealand introduced the Postal Savings Bank system many years ago, and since her era of prosperity set in it has been an important factor in the welfare of the common people. During the last ten years the number of depositors and the amount deposited has more than doubled. At the close of 1904the amount on deposit was $4O,OOO,OOO, all of it the savings of the people. The plan is much the same as that in use in European countries. It will not be amiss to remark in passing that the United States is the only civilized country which has declined to adopt the system.
(TO be Concluded)
SIR JOSEPH THE NEW
WARD, PREMIER OF NEW ZEALAND
KONSUL FOR
OSCAR
EKMAN, SOCIAL
FOREMOST BETTERMENT
WORKER
SWEDISH
HOW SWEDEN SELECTS AND ADAPTS TO HER OWN NEEDS THE RESULTS OF WORLDWIDE SOCIAL EXPERIMENT: BY MARY RANKIN CRANSTON
WEDEN is the most truly progressive country of the old world, developing at the same time the artistic, educational, social and industrial life of her people, among whom there is relatively greater interest in social service than is found in other European countries. It has been well said that Sweden, although isolated, is not insular. Her very remoteness enables her to perceive foreign institutions in the true perspective, showing clearly the good and bad, and so making it not dithcult to choose the desirable and reject the unsuitable. She has had the wisdom to sift out the best features of social experiments in other countries and has adapted them, with modifications sometimes, to her own needs and institutions. This discrimination, by placing the proper estimate upon various kinds of social work, has resulted in methods wisely chosen. The Swedes, the Frenchmen of the North, as they are called, possess a composite character embracing the sincerity of the English, the urbanity of the French, the worth of the Germans, the artistic sense of the Italians and the adaptability of the Americans, added to certain racial traits and characteristics which they have preserved to an extraordinary degree, namely, an indescribable charm of manner, Moreover, the counbroad-mindedness, hospitality and generosity. try and people are clean and good to look upon. The men are tall, well proportioned and handsome, the women intelligent and vivacious. Compared with dirty London and some continental cities, Stockholm has the appearance of a city freshly scrubbed from end to end. The useful and the beautiful go hand in hand in Sweden, every thing bears the stamp of the artistic. The Central Public Bath in Stockholm is in a park; the interior is decorated in green, the right shade of lavender and white; the little dressing-rooms are daintily furnished; the swimming pools bordered with palms and growing plants, with a little island of them in the center, and on the top floor are two large halls for indoor tennis, dances, or other public amusements. One of the most artistic places in the city is a tiny restaurant in a department store. In appearance it is like a miniature French salon,
SOCIAL
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with deep cream walls, white woodwork andgreen and white muslin curtains. The table-linen and silver are such as would be found in an American high-class hotel; the thin china, green and white, shows a design of long-stemmed, graceful violets ; the delicious, ridiculously inexpensive food is served by neat, well-gowned, good-looking maids. There is a bank unexcelled for beauty, even though its very excuse for being is connected with lifes material affairs-money-getting, barter and trade. The white marble interior is impressive in its simplicity; the crystal chandeliers scintillate prismatic brilliancy from hundreds of electric lights ; gates and doors of massive bronze and mahogany woodwork give richness and harmony to the whole. Home life is characterized by simple elegance, comfort and lack of ostentation. Utility is never sacrificed to beauty, but is made another channel for its expression; even so inartistic a thing as a heating stove becomes as attractive as it is necessary. Made of glazed tiles reaching almost to the ceiling, and having small brass doors always highly polished, the Swedish stove is a decorative piece of furniture, instead of the ugly abomination a stove is so apt to be. Sweden has her artists of national and international fame-Prince Eugene, Von Rosen, Kronberg, Cederstrom, and Hasselberg, the sculptor, all of whom must be passed over with the barest mention where there is so much to tell of social Sweden. 0 LONG ago as 1837 influential people in Stockholm interested themselves in social work. The leading spirit in the first association for social betterment was Konsul Oscar Ekman, who organized the Society for Temperance and Education. Konsul Ekman has lived to see the results of his work, and to-day at the ripe old age of ninety-four years has the satisfaction of witnessing much good which has been accomplished through the association he founded sixtynine years ago. At that time Sweden had the unhappy distinction of being an exceedingly intemperate and immoral country. Preventive measures The Society for Temperance and Education, were imperative. together with other associations and individuals, finally evolved the best system for the regulation of the liquor traffic which has yet been tried. This is called the Gothenburg system, because the plan was first tried in that! city.
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The Gothenburg system is state ownership. and control of liquor. The saloons are practically restaurants, decently furnished and managed, where no intoxicating liquors are advertised and only one tiny glass sold with a meal, none at all without it. Tea, coffee, food and soft drinks may be advertised, and the proprietor receives a profit upon them only, all profits from the sale of liquor going to support public utilities and toward the reduction of taxes. The societys work for education has been no l&s valuable, since, through lectures and judicious distribution of literature, it has done much to arouse public opinion and to educate it upon social questions. Under the leadership of *Froken Cecilia Milow the society has recently engaged in work for street boys by forming a boys club modeled after those in America. The club takes boys over sixteen years of age, and younger sometimes, and is the good influence such clubs always are when well managed. Froken Milows method of work is typical of Swedish thoroughness. Before taking any step in the matter she visited America and England for the purpose of studying boys clubs. After seeing the best types she returned to Stockholm and organized her own. The opinion of so wide a traveler and so keen an observer is valuable, so Froken Milow was asked to state the difference between social England and social America. She replied, The hopelessness in England and the hopefulness in America. HE newest organization is the Central Bureau for Social Workers, formed in 1903 by a group of the workers with Mr. Ernst Beckman, jurist, literary man, social student and member of the Swedish Parliament, as president. The Bureau collects and distributes literature upon social conditions and gives advice to those wishing to engage in social work or study social questions. Upon certain evenings of the week an architect and a lawyer may be found there for consultation free of charge by those unable to pay. Through newspaper letters and lectures interest is created and sustained in In furnishing its rooms the present-day questions of importance. Bureau has kept clearly in mind two things-simplicity and the artistic in color scheme, arrangement and decoration. The curtains and rugs
*Married
women have the title Froke, unmarried women are called Froken. 571
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are hand-woven, the furniture made by the peasants, and the place serves, to a certain extent, as a model for young couples about to set up housekeeping for themselves. As in all other countries, even in Sweden, where there are few cities, the serious social question is the housing of the working classes, with this difference, however, that no sooner did the problem appear than the Swedes set to work to solve it, instead of waiting for the situation to become critical, as in New York, London and other large cities. This is being done, as in all cities, by the formation of housing associations, which build improved tenements and place them in the care of friendly rent-collectors, who keep an eye upon the family life of the tenants in addition to the work of collecting the rents promptly and seeing that the property is kept in good repair. Froken Lagerstadt was the pioneer Scandinavian rent-collector, and has done much to improve life in the tenements put in her charge. Equal in importance with the housing question is the street-child problem, and here especially may Sweden serve as a model, for her method of caring for neglected children is closely connected with her public-education system and could easily be adopted by other countries. Nowhere else, unless we except America, is education so universal as in Sweden. Every child must go to school between the ages of seven and fourteen, unless the parents can show that they are being privately educated. There are about twelve thousand common schools in Sweden, even the thinly populated districts having ambulatory schools, held in various parts of the district. When this is the case the school term is reduced to about half the ordinary duration. Children who have good homes and parents live protected lives as they do the world over, but the neglected and those who might become delinquent are safeguarded by being sent to the cottage work schools, as they are called. Each parish has the necessary number of work schools, supported partly by the parish, partly by the state, supplemented by gifts from individuals. Manual training only is taught, from eleven to one and from five to seven-that is, after the morning and afternoon regular sessions. Children under sixteen who would be apt to run in the streets, and who are liable to mischief because their parents are at work or lack control over them, are sent to the work schools, upon the recommendation of the teachers.
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In addition to the manual training, the children are given a plain but wholesome dinner, or supper. The pupils are never told they are naughty, but that the reason they are sent there is because it is well for everybody to know how to do good work with the hands. Meals are not given in the spirit of charity, but as a reward for work well done. The teachers are in thorough sympathy with this fine preventive work. As one of them said, They are not really bad boys and girls, but just full of too much spirits and needing a guiding hand.
NOTHER important and more valuable work is also done in connection with the schools. The idea of it originated with Froken Anna Whitlock, a teacher, and a true Swede, in spite of her very English name, which is quite common in Sweden. Deeply interested in social work, doing much of it herself, and a valued member of progressive womens associations in Stockholm, Froken Whitlock several years ago conceived the idea of a course of lectures upon social service for the pupils of the higher classes. During her years of teaching she had observed many young people leave school who manifested great enthusiasm for service of some k:nd, but whose total ignorance of what was going on around them resulted in waste of time and energy. Froken Whitlock rightly thought it would be a wise thing if these young people could be informed about social conditions in their native land, at least, and so be prepared to step immediately into some form of social activity-in other words, to make education a true preparation for life. The lectures are given at stated times, in school hours, by specialists engaged in some form of social work, and are attended by boys and girls from the higher grades. The following week the lecturer takes those who wish to go, to see the institutions which have been mentioned. For instance, one lecture in last winters course was about some of the child-saving institutions in and near Stockholm. The speaker took advantage of the opportunity to touch upon delicate questions concerning fatherhood and motherhood, but so simply, so naturally, that a close observer failed to detect the slightest expression of surprise or shocked delicacy upon the faces of the audience, boys and girls between the ages of fourteen and eighteen years. University extension, as carried on by the universities at Upsala and Lund, is very popular. A recent development of peculiar interest
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may be called guide studies in Stockholm, the object being to make known to people of small means, in town and country, the educational resources of their capital. The schoolhouses unused in vacation are converted into dormitories, with beds at eight cents a night; special arrangements with certain restaurants enable students to obtain good food for little money. The courses, of two weeks each, comprise lectures and visits to places of interest with competent instructors as guides. Six hundred students have been accepted at a time, about seventy per cent. of them women. WEDEN is the home of the handicrafts. In addition to manual training taught in schools, the most exquisite hand weaving, lace making, brass work, even pottery, is done by the peasants. Each district has its own patterns, which the peasants make and wear,, deeming it unpatriotic to have aught to do with patterns of other localities. The establishment of a permanent exhibition and exchange for the peasants handicrafts originated in a beautiful way. Several years ago the Laplanders suffered from a severe famine. Froken Lilli Zickerman, knowing of the work done by these people in their cottage homes, interested certain persons, who sent her through the Lap country to collect from house to house every saleable article the peasants wished to part with. Taking these to the city, a bazar for the sale of them was held just before Christmas. The fair was liberally patronized, with the result that a considerable sum of money was sent to the Laps, who by this means were given relief without a suggestion of charity. A good market was found in this way for these cottage industries, and since that time a regular business has been conducted for the peasants. It would be interesting to know how far this has been instrumental in keeping the people contented in their country homes and so deterring them from herding in the cities. The Friends of Art Needlework, or Handarbetets Vunner, to give the name in the vernacular, does a great deal to encourage the handicrafts. This society, in addition to maintaining sales and exhibition-rooms, conducts classes for weaving, lace making and embroidery. The work of the students brings high prices and finds ready sale among foreigners as well as among their own people. Because of the handicrafts Sweden has not many textile factories, although there are some where conditions of work are, for the most
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part, good.
SWEDEN
The people, however, are encouraged to continue hand weaving and to hold to their time-honored industrial customs rather than to take the risk of a disturbed economic order due to a market glutted with shoddy trash. In all Sweden there are to-day only about ten thousand factories of all kinds, employing in all a little more than two hundred and sixty-five thousand workmen-not a great number out of a total population of more than five million. The amount of preventive work which is done obviates the necessity for an elaborate system of charity. Where it is undertaken, it receives intelligent direction and is chiefly for the relief of neglected children and the aged and infirm. An excellent charity is the Mjdlkdroppen, or milk distribution, founded in 1903 by a physician. This has its local habitation in what was formerly one of the worst saloons-a low dive. To-day it is a place of spotless purity, childish innocence and anxious motherhood. Infant mortality has been greatly reduced by the pure milk given to those who come or send for it. HE activity of Swedish women has undoubtedly been an important factor in the rational development of social service. The Frederika Bremer Union, named for Swedens celebrated champion of womens rights, has for its object the advancement of women, and combines the work of a womans club, a womans suffrage association and a business institution. It has charming rooms, where guests and visitors from other lands are entertained; it publishes an excellent periodical; it lends money to women who wish to study art, literature or social work in European countries ; it does a great propaganda work for womanssuffrage. There are many other organizations of women, perhaps the most important, the Idun Club in Stockholm. Swedens freedom from many of the distressing social conditions which disturb other countries may be accounted for in large measure by a simplicity of life which has no false standards and by the dignity of labor which comes from arts and crafts well done. Nor is the attitude toward work confined to the working people ; it extends to the higher classes as well. A charming Swedish gentleman, in showing a visitor one of the frescoes in a high school in Stockholm, said, This is very fine, as you see, and was done by Prince Eugene, the kings youngest son, who is an artist by trade.
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Swedish gymnastics, world-renowned for their excellence, are probably responsible in large measure for the physical development of the people, giving them sane minds and sound bodies. Since the day in 1805 when Henrik Ling appeared in Lund as a university fencingmaster, the Swedes have made athletics a part of daily life. Taught in all the schools, from the universities down to the common schools, it has naturally become second nature almost to breathe properly and to walk correctly. In the normal schools those qualifying to become teachers are required to take a thorough course in gymnastics along with other studies to enable them to lead such classes in the schools. In addition to the school gymnastics there are many private athletic organizations for both men and women. Even the disabled in Sweden are encouraged to develop whatever ability they may possess in order that they may become self-supporting rather than public charges. Working Schools for Disabled People In 1884 a Congress of have been in existence for twenty years. Physicians was held in Copenhagen. The Danish Society for the Care of Disabled and Maimed People arranged an exhibition where visitors could see them at work. When the Swedish physician who had attended the Congress returned home he succeeded in interesting others in the idea, prith the result that a small school was open by private philanthropy in 1886. Since that time several organizations have been formed and schools opened, all working on the same plan and giving practically the same sort of instruction, although as yet not one of them receives State aid. Consequently each school finds it necessary to restrict the classes to those of its own parish or neighborhood. The largest School for the Disabled is in Gothenburg, established in 1885,having received in seven years one hundred and ninety-five pupils. Twenty of these had only one arm, twenty-seven paralyzed and others partially helpless through various bodily defects. Pupils are taught carpentry, shoe, basket and brush making, wood-carving, lettering, and the women, sewing, art-needlework, weaving and stocking-knitting. The lessons are free of charge, sewing-machines being provided for the women. When the work is sufficiently well done to find a sale the worker receives the full price for it, minus the cost of mnterials. Free baths are given and free dinners to those unable to pay.
578
SALESROOMOF EANDAREEIZN VANNER WEAVING CLASS OF HANDARBETEN VANNJIR
WVTERBIRY-SMTT
A CITY ARCHITECTS COUNTRY RETREAT: BUILDING A HOME INSTEAD OF JUST A HOUSE: BY HENRY ATTERBURY SMITH
HERE seemed to be no particular reason for locating just there, except a fine open view and a cool breeze. There were no trees, merely a cow tied to a stake, grazing on a poor piece of open land which attracted our attention. This seemed the only piece sufficiently withThe drawn from neighbors in an appointed locality. problem of designing a house for two people, easy to care for with one servant, a house that could be opened or closed in winter or summer at an hours notice, with as much furniture built in place as possible, was readily solved, and it reasonably fills the bill. A livingroom, of Craftsman furniture, with trim and floor to match, and finished with dull green rough plaster, served at one end as a diningroom, where eight at times were comfortably seated, and at the other, as a sitting-room. One large fireplace of ordinary brick was adequate for heating purposes in the fall and spring. The chamber on the same floor, with ample space and lots of closets, obviated for weeks at a time the necessity of going up-stairs. A convenient door in the bathroom converted it into a public lavatory during the day and left it en suite with this chamber when desired. The veranda, enclosed in glass in fall and spring and finished with green willow furniture and hammocks, is used for a combination living-room and dining-room, when the weather permits. A receptionroom, comfortable enough for a few formal minutes, or awaiting admittance to the living-room, and a kitchen, well disconnected from the body of the house, with a little pantry for arranging flowers, make up the sum total of our house. The attic is finished in plaster throughout, and contains, over the veranda and living-room, one large room with three exposures, one room at the end of the house, a servants room, a store-room and a bath; later a treatment, as shown in the plan, can be made. The groups and the approach of the garden all came up along in June, when the house was finishing, instead of in April, and the temptation to put in shrubs and trees was too strong to resist, so they were moved in leaf. They lived, but they did not thrive at first; still, in three summers the place has apparently doubled in value through
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OF
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ARCHITECT
t h e s e inexpensive and most entertaining green companions. The land is naturally too clayey, and the garden was quite a struggle the first year, but after receiving all the refuse from the h o u s e, including coal ashes, together with stable
5fQ
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OF
CITY
ARCHITECT
AT PRESENT THE UPPER STORY IS LITTLE MORE THAN AN ATTIC DIVIDED OFF BUT INTO POSSIBLE ROOMS. THE ARRANGEMENT FOR PARTITIONS AND LIGHTING IS SO PLANNED THAT A LIVING-ROOM, A C0U PL E OF SLEEPING-ROOMS AND A GOOD-SIZED BATH CAN BE NOTICE, HAD ON SHORT AS WELL AS CONVENIENT CLOSETS.
THE FLOOR PLAN IS SO ARRANGED THAT THE BATH-ROOM COULD BE CONVERTED INTO A BUTLERS PANTRY AND THE CHAMBER INTO A SEPARATE DINING-ROOM, AND LAUNDRY CAN BE ADDED IN THE CELLAR. IN SPRING AND FALL THE VERANDA IS ENCLOSED WITH GLASS FOR LIVING AND SITTINGROOM.
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OF
CITY
ARCHITECT
manure and commercial fertilizers, a high state of cultivation was achieved that boasted vegetables and flowers side by side, not surpassed in our estimation in many a garden with a real gardener. HRUBS were selected, not merely with a view to beautiful flowers, but also to securing beautiful berries in the fall that would detain the blue-birds ; we also made a point of those of colored barks and handsome, healthy foliage and graceful growth. Herbaceous perennials and vines and annuals surrounded the otherwise ugly brick foundations in an unconventional border that daily had some new surprise for us. The house is frequently occupied in mid-winter for a day or a week with a party of two or a dozen, or in summer is entirely closed on short notice for a vacation in the mountains or a trip to Europe. To effect this, the house is heated with a furnace which does not freeze when neglected, and all the plumbing is designed to empty readily and easily, and is arranged in sections, so that any portion of the house can be put into commission separately, depending upon the number entertained or the length of the winter stay. Such houses as this have a decided advantage over the usual lightly built summer type, because they are well planned and well built, and are capable of enlargement in a consistent way; at the same time t,heir initial cost is small. This particular house is planned with a future enlargement in mind, and can be so altered so that the chamber on the first story becomes the dining-room. The bath adjoining could be converted into a butlers pantry. A laundry could be added to the cellar, for which outlets were left; and with the finishing of the second floor, as shown with two bedrooms, the house could be made to accommodate about three times the present number. These illustrations show the house at various stages of its threeyear existence, and go to prove that it is profitable to solve each set of conditions consistently, so that a real home will result, and then to expend considerable energy at the earliest opportunity in beautifying its surroundings, with such material as is available, in an artistic way, according to a well-worked-out plan.
THE BOW ARM-A ILTON DONNELL

bb
STORY:
BY ANNIE HAM-
OU better be glad-Virginias pointing forefinger aided her little sighing voice-You better be glad, Nobilissimus, that you havent got a bow arm. She lifted a small, soft paw and brought it into range of his vision. This would be it, if you had one, she said explainingly. You couldnt catch flies with it or rats or anything. They wont let me. The shouts of a rabble of children filtered through the vines to them. Virginias ear, tuned to delicate melodies, refused to recognize discords here. She said stiffly to herself that it was a beautiful sound. They flat a little, she acknowledged; but I like the sound of it, Nobilissimus, appealing again to the little dun-colored dog. If rere did that the folks would all come a-flying, wouldnt they? Mother and Mademoiselle and Janice and Aunt Chlo, every single. The vision of Aunt Chlo a-flying wheezily in the rear improved Virginias spirits. Visions of Aunt Chlo had that tendency always. Undefined but ever present in Virginias consciousness was the suspicion that Aunt Chlo would never have come a-flying at all of her own accord. She of all the childs corps of guardians recognized the childs extreme youth and coveted for it its own. Yet Aunt Chlo, black and massive and obedient, had been schooled successfully. Yo po little lamb! she pitied, and in the same breath, Don yo go carousin roun or yoll hurt yo bow ahm! It had to be. Virginia herself on all but rare occasions accepted the decree. This was a rare occasion. Rebellion bit at the childs soul, and in the smart of it she writhed feebly. Away off on her little horizon she had long ago descried a cloud the size of a mans hand. It was slowly growing larger ; to-day it was the size of-of Aunt Chlos hand. When it grew very big indeed, something would happen-oh, something that would bring them all a-flying. Virginia clasped delicate white fingers around her knees and sat and saw it coming. From the solemnity of his attitude the little dun-colored dog might have been sitting that way and seeing, too. But it would not come to-day. To-day was a holiday. On holidays Virginia only practiced an hour and a half. Her less,ons with Mademoiselle were excused. There was leisure to sit like this, out on
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the porch with Nobilissimus, and listen to the rabble of joyous children. On days that were not holidays Virginia practiced four hours. The next Concert was a very little way off now. The new dress was done. Virginia got up at the remembrance of it and went upstairs to look at it, the little dog a-heel. New dresses recompensed so much, especially this new one which seemed to Virginia softer and daintier and lovelier than any of its predecessors. She gloated over it in a rapt, miserly little way. This is the way I shall bow, Most Noble-the little dun dog was designated impartially in English or Latin-Like this-and they will all clap their hands. You ought to hear them clap their hands The childs eyes when I bow! And when I get through playing- took on triumph. Dreaminess crept over her small, sweet face. She was in the beautiful new dress, looking down not at the patient little creature at her feet but at a sea of smiling faces. Ripples of applause She smiled in shy response. ran over the sea-the people clapping! The old intoxication went to her head like wine. Unconsciously her small body straightened, her chin lifted, she nestled under it an imaginary violin. Her sacred little bow arm swept back and forth over imaginary strings. And the little dun dog, because he was Most Noble, listened patiently in his trying role of smiling sea. Something stirred behind Virginia and she swept about to face a laughing maid. Janice! She stamped her foot imperiously, youve been there alistening I You played beautiful, Miss Virginia, with spurious gravity. Virginias stormy mood was snuffed out in a sudden little gale of merriment. It must have been funny to Janice! Ill play you some more, she cried, and nodded and smiled and played. But the maid interfered in alarm. No, no, dont, Miss Virginia, you mustnt! Youll get tired out and your+youre wasting your arm! Its my bow arm, Virginia retorted grandly, but she let it fall to her side. Ill stop, though, because I want to. Janice, am I lovely? Dear, yes! Janice was taken off her guard, but ready. Am I remarkable? Dear, yes! This answer seemed serviceable while casting about for a better. sss
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Can any other little girl like me play at concerts and be clapped? -can your little sister? My little sis- Janice gasped at the thought. No, oh, no, Nelly cant-no indeed. What can Nelly do ? What could Nelly do ? Run and leap and swing her arms, unafraidHer bow arm? persisted Virginia. Will they let her swing that one and do-do stunts with it? She had picked up the word at some unguarded moment. Dear, yes, anything, Miss Virginia. Then I suppose she isnt valuable. It must be nice not to be valuable. Just a little girl and your bow arm just an arm-but I dont suppose she has lacey new dresses every time she pl-she doesnt play? Like my new one, Janice? The expression on the face of the maid hurried from chagrin to tenderness. NeZZy in a lacey dress! No, no, Nelly never had any \ new dress. She wears mine made over, Janice said simply. But she has good times?-and laughs? Virginia was oddly persistent. Yes, Nelly had good times and laughed. Janice laughed in sympathy. I wish you could hear her, Miss Virginia! Oh, I wish I could-I wish I could! cried, sick with longing, the child who played at concerts and was clapped. The cloud on her little horizon grew larger than Aunt Chlos big black hand. ER name on a program was spelled Virginie and looked beautiful. There were strings of programs hanging by their silken tassels on Virginias walls, and sometimes when she was very tired and her bow arm ached especially hard she peeped into them, one by one, and found the Virginie. It was a help, like looking at the new dresses and remembering the clapping. On the day but one before a concert Virginia practiced six hours, three in the morning, three in the afternoon. Her master came and practiced with her, and Mother staid in the room and gave her spoonfuls of things out of bottles to give her strength. There was always a strange excitement in the air. On the day but one before a concert
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Nobilissimus kept his tail much between his legs and staid under things. On the day before there was no practicing at all. Janice lowered the shades in Virginias room to keep her asleep in the morning, and every one went through the halls and up and down stairs softly. Aunt Chlo brought in bowls of steaming things as soon as the child got up and took her on her knee and fed her out of them like a baby. PO little lamb! PO little lamb I Aunt Chlo crooned. Then came the day itself and the journey with Mother on the cars, with the smart little violin case on the seat between %em. That was Virginias best day. Her cheeks were pink and her eyes shone with excitement; the clapping was already in her ears. On this particular best day the child dozed intermittently, while Mother talked to some one behind in a proud voice. Virginia caught snatches of what was said, but she thought she dreamed them. She has p!ayed ever since she was five. . . . Only nine-yes. Oh, yes, of course, she practices a great deal. . . . Oh, no, she does not mind it at all. . . . Yes, the most difficult. Her repertoire is remarkable for a child. The other voice was too low to get into Virginias dreams. The spaces between the things that Mother said were empty spaces. Suddenly Virginia sat up and knew she was awake. This was no dream. Yes, four hours now, but her master says we must soon be making it five-then six-increasing as she grows older. It has to be-ah, do you get off here ? I wish you were going to hear her play. Five-then six-increasing-Virginia stared blankly into a dreary future. Her poor little bow arm throbbed in self-pity; Even the glamor of the near future-of to-night-faded into insignifIcance. The beautiful new dress, the smiling faces, footlights, clapping hands -they dimmed and disappeared. The rattle of the train beat out, Five-then six-increasing, in her ears. Villages and scattered homes flashed by her window. Everywhere there seemed to be little children romping and laughing and swinging their arms like Nellies. None of them appeared to have bow arms. They must all be Nellies. By On Virginias horizon the cloud was ominously spreading. the time the end of the journey was reached it enveloped her little world. What had been coming all this while to Virginia was now 588
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all but here, separated only by the little space the concert must occupy. After thatAs soon as I get home- the child reflected with the temerity of despair. I cant wait any longer than that. She would take Most Noble with her. In her heart was born a wistful premonition that Most Noble would be the only one who would really care, and so she could not leave him behind. They would gotogether hand in hand, Virginia thought. Mother and Mademoiselle and Janice and Aunt Chlo would be a little sorry on account of the wasted little concert dresses and the wasted violin. It would seem queer to them all not to have anyone to run about after and keep from injury-not to have any bow arm to take care of. Virginia had never laid up against any one her weary hours of practicing; as Mother had told the strange person on the train, it had to be. You never laid up things that had to be, you only ran away from them. HAT particular concert was always a good deal like a dream to Virginia; not an unpleasant dream, for there were the lights in it and the flowers and a beautiful sound of clapping, but a misty, elusive one that refused to stand out clearly against the background of her memory. It seemed always to have been some other child that stood on the edge of the smiling sea and nodded and lifted a small round chin-some one elses little bow arm that swept the bow across the strings. She herself stood off a little way and pitied the child that was playing and laughed elfishly to think they were going to make her practice five hours soon-then six-increasing. Virginia had decided upon the very morning after she got home as the time to do it. Fortunately for her, the difficulties in her way were materially lessened by Mothers lying in bed and its being a holiday from lessons, which eliminated Mademoiselle. That left Janice to run away from and Aunt Chlo. But Janice, it came about, had a toothache, and it is not difficult to run away from a person with a toothache. Hence of Virginias row of blackbirds in her way one flew away and another. Then there was one-Aunt Chlo, very black indeed. To eliminate Aunt Chlo with least trouble Virginia had recourse to artifice.
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Aunt Chlo, she asked with sweet solicitude, how is your misery 1 Bress yo heart, honey, groaned Aunt Chlo searching out a promising spot and rubbing it, its a-takin holt agin dis mornin! Then I guess you better not sit out on the porch in the-the draught. Ill take the teeny silver bell and ring it if anything happens to me. You stay in here by the tie and keep your misery warm. The artifice succeeded. Virginia, with her little nightgown in a roll under her arm, and Nobilissimus, without his, stole guiltily away. They hurried until they were out of sight of the house, and then settled into a steady little jog. Neither of them spoke till more than a mile had slipped under their six trudging feet. It was Virginia who spoke then. Ill ring the teeny bell, she laughed, for somethings happened now!-1 said Id ring it if anything happened to me. Nobilissimus, were running away! It feels a little queer to be, doesnt it?
ANICE had so often described her home a few miles out into the country that the child had no great difficulty in finding it. There were so many things to go by. There was the blue pump-very blue, Janice said-and the red barn with: fish on it that swam north, east, south, west. Virginia stopped at the first red barn with a fish on it, swimming west. And it was the right place, for there was Nelly with Janices good, round face! Here we are-weve got here, Nobilissimus ! the child cried excitedly. She advanced toward a shy, brown child and made her little concert bow. How do you do, Nelly ? she said in her gracious little way. Ive come to live with you. What shall we -play? For she wanted to lose no time. She had made out many little programs in her mind of the things-the Nelly-things-they would do. She realized most of them, if not all, would require practice, but she was used to practicing. Her name in allthese programs was spelled Virginia and looked beautiful. Im Virginia-Virginia- she hurried as a necessary sop to the other childs bewildered curiosity. The one that Janice sweeps and dusts. She said you had good times and laughed-so I came. I wish youd laugh now. And Nelly after another astonished instant obeyed. It was splendid.
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Thats one o the things I came for-to learn, you know-and anothers trees, Virginia explained. Janice says you can climb em. My gracious! laughed on Nelly, unable to stop, me climb trees! Oh, cant-you ? disappointedly. Then I suppose it was something else Janice said, but I understood- It was rather a tall tree with the playhouse tilting in its midst. To Virginia it was a California giant, but when she had climbed it and sat up there among the leaves she would be a Nelly ICome on! Come on! she revelled. You go ahead first and then me. It seemed scarcely a moment before she lay in the long grass at the foot of the giant tree with Janices Nelly stooping over her, her little brown face whitened by fright. What is it? What did I do? Virginia murmured. She felt queer. The little white-brown face was two faces-three, four, fiveabove her. She thought of the teeny silver bell. She ought to ring it -something had happened to her. You didnt know how-you fell out; all five Nellies sobbed above her. All five were blanched and scared. Youve got to get up and come into the house with me and see mother. Give me your hand, Ill help you. Dontl shrieked Virginia, and the new thing that happened rent her with grinding, awful anguish. Then merciful oblivion. They told her when she woke up that she had broken her arm, and they had sent for the doctor and her folks. She must lie very still until they came. Oh, yes-oh, yes, she would lie very still. The room seemed full of pain and she did not want it to come any nearer. Moving she was curiously certain would bring it close. She wondered a good many things while she lay still-when they would get there, what the doctor was coming for, but most of all z&ich arm.
HEY took her home after rather a weary while, and she spent her time in her own beautiful room with Mother. It was a surprise to Virginia to have Mother there so much. The surprise grew into comfort. When she caught Mothers eye Mother smiled-Virginia thought it a beautiful smile.
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Shall I begin to practice to-morrow? Virginia said one day. It seemed a great while after the accident. She was facing Mother and saw plainly the look that came into her face, but it was not a plain look. Virginia could not decide what it meant. Not to-morrow, dear, was &Iothers smiling answer. Dear was another surprise that was growing into a comfort. Id like my violin. Please bring it, Janice, she said. And to her surprise the maid burst into tears. The next time she asked Mother for it. Dear, Mother did not smile at all, there was a little girl once who broke her arm. Yes, nodded Virginia, but there did not seem much relevancy in it. It was me. Her bow arm, Mother added gently. It was a pretty bad break, Virginia. And-and the doctors said it would always have to be a stiff arm-as long as she lived, Virginia-and it would have to stop being a bow arm- Virginia sat up from her cushions. This was something that could not be realized lying down. Even sitting up it was very hard. It took a number of minutes. Realization titered into the childs brain, drop by drop. When it was all in she turned a white, shocked little face to Mothers white shocked face. Mother smiled, but not Virginia. Please bring it to me, she whispered as people whisper when some one is dead. And when Mother brought it in its smart little case: Now please you and Nobilissimus go, she whispered. With her left hand she took out the little violin and raised it awkwardly to its old place. Why! she said softly, Why, it seems queer to be sorry! Its dear, youre dead now, arent you, queer not to be glad. You-you and pretty soon Ill put you back in your poor little coffin. But I want to say something first. It was you I ran away from, and-1 wish I hadnt! I never supposed Id wish that. It seems queer, doesnt it? And-and Id like to practice five hours on you-then six-increasing. Oh, you dear, I think Im going to cry! She hurried the little instrument back into its coffin and shut it in. One minute she laid her cheek against the smart little case. Good-bye, Virginia whispered.
THE ART OF VINE-GROWING: A LONG ISLAND GARDEN THAT IS AN OBJECT LESSON TO THE HOME GARDENER
HEN MR. TALBOT J. TAYLOR decided to make a home for his collection of rare and valuable antique furniture, he did not do the usual thing, build an imitation museum and call it a home, nor did he feel it necessary to erect a palatial mansion after a French or Italian model, a house belonging neither to the soil nor the interior furnishings. Instead, he hunted about a bit down on Long Island and found a large, rambling old house, erected long ago after the sturdy early Norman style of building country houses, and all about it a fine old rambling, unkempt estate. The house he enlarged by throwing wings out wherever they suited convenience and structural lines ; he added gables and red chimney-stacks ; then he planted vines that clad the house in a fresh changing radiance through spring, summer and fall, and shrubs were set out that bound the structure to the soil. And finally he accepted time and sunshine and soft rains for his associate gardeners, until the house grew into the landscape, an inevitable part of it, like the trees and sod. The wild country-side hc cultivated into a beautiful garden, a fit green setting for the vineclad house. In midsummer but little of the house can be seen for the flowers and green leaves that drape it from chimney to foundation-an escaping glimpse of leaded casement windows, perhaps, or a dormer peeping through a fringe of green on the slope of steep-drooping roof; or a side wall, of the upper story of plaster and beams (that the old Kent farmers have nicknamed wattle and daubs) may show its oldworld face between a clump of trees or a trellis. But as a whole the house with all its treasures of art is a framework for luxurious vine growth and every piazza or pergola or arbor is vine-covered and brought back into harmony with Nature by her own delicate tenacious green tentacles. Inside, the house is furnished to make it an appropriate background for tapestries of France, old Bavarian wood carvings and furniture of every period and nation. The fittings and furniture are almost wholly the finest examples of the industrial art of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and the walls and ceilings have been finished in harmony.
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It is, however, with the outside of Mr. Taylors house and its relation to the garden that we are most concerned. The exceptional connoisseur may value most the century-old, little, carved-wood Virgin of narrow shoulders and modest mien, to be seen in the rare wood-carving collection; but the practical modern man who thinks, values the chance to make his own home more beautiful, and values the word that tells him how to improve his house and garden with Natures simple economical methods, and this is the very lesson that the greekclad Taylor house is ready to tell the observant person; for, apart from the honest, sturdy structure of the house, there can be no doubt that its chief claim to beauty is the dense vine growth from pillar to post, over porch and pergola, and the grouping of shrubs about the foundation walls. I HAS been well said that vines are to a house as the last accessory of dress to a woman, that they can be made to enhance beauty or to conceal defects; but in the last analysis of what constitutes the real attractiveness of the exterior of a house even more than this can be said for them. Vines rightly used really express the personality of a dwelling. They make a house alive and friendly. They welcome you before the door is open. You forget that the crimson rambler drooping all about the porch is a decoration, an improvement-it is really the essence of the kindly greeting that is yours at the casement. The vine is to the outside of the house what the fireplace is to the interior. It establishes intimacy and holds the lure of unexpressed peace. The Taylor house and garden form an excellent example of the various ways in which vines may be used to reveal or enhance beauty. The house in midwinter is an attractive piece of architecture, not only structurally-for its lines and proportions are good to the trained eye -but in the many pleasant ways in which it has been made kindly and winning (if one may use such adjectives for a house) by the deep porches, the low, wide casements, the gables, and the sun-vestibule; yet from May to November, when the house appears in its flowering, graceful verdure, quivering with every wind or glistening in the rain, it is so infinitely more beautiful and friendly as to make all comparisons idle. And so, too, in the garden, vines are used to weave a covering, fragrant and cool-green, over bench and promenade, summer-house and arbor. And where the vine is there are waving shadows on the
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walls, and through the shadows splashes of sunlight, and up above through the canopy of green leaves glimpses of sky, and all about new kinds of beauty that are born in vineland. We are just beginning in America to recognize and value vines at their true worth, to know the power of their beauty and their gracious willingness to adorn the just and unjust alike in the matter of arc& tecture. A little knowledge of their likes and dislikes in a question of soil, sun and rain, and you find them putting up eager tendrils to cling to wall or post, whether their beauty is asked for a humble backyard or for an estate. A well-trained vine is no respecter of persons. There are many kinds that need but a single invitation to remain with you for a lifetime. And the whimsical annual vine is often the least expensive, SO that it is possible to send out a few seed invitations every spring and never miss the dimes. N DECIDING upon vines for house or garden, almost the only points to consider are their varying needs of sun and rain, and, if the vines are a flowering variety, whether or no the color of blossoms will be becoming to the tone of house. A red-brick house does not lend its surface graciously to a crimson rambler or a purple clematis, and a house painted yellow is a source of mortification to the delicate-hued honeysuckle or the old vining Scotch rose ; while a house of gray or weather-tinted shingles is a safe background for the whole gamut of gorgeous-hued flowers, for scarlet runner or sweetbrier, for bitter sweet or passion flower. Remember that colors can give joy to the sensitive, or they can bring nervous prostration. Study the individual way of a vine, and all beauty and success will be added unto you * as a vine-grower. If you do not wish the trouble (or shall I say happiness) of replanting your vines every spring, there are many easy-growing, graceful perennials; there is the wild grapevine with its fragrant June blossoms and rich bunches of purple in the fall and its mass of foliage that can spatter a walk with quivering sunlight and shadow; or what among the hardy vines can furnish fuller shade the season through, and a few weeks of more fairy-like loveliness than wistaria grown over trellis or pergola. 2 One woman who cares for blossoms on the arbor the whole season through planted both sides of a trellis at intervals with wistaria, roses, honeysuckle and wild grape, with the result
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that early in May she has a violet mist over the arbor, in June it is a crimson and fragrant with roses, through the summer the honeysuckle blossoms and perfumes the air, and in the fall the wild grapevine suspends bunches of purple grapes. The arbor never seems crowded and it is a perpetual flower-garden. Almost any June-blooming vine will plant well with wistaria, but it is well to beware of a discordant vine that is addicted to a second period of blossoms. Fancy sitting on a porch where lavender wistaria and a scarlet trumpet-vine were blossoming energetically side by side. For the walls of buildings it is best to have sturdy, close-clinging vines, like the ivy, English or Japanese, woodbine or ampelopsis ; this is especially true where the lines of a house are fundamentally good and would be lost or distorted under the gnarled branches of wistaria or the bulging outline of wild grape. Such a house, for instance, as this one of Mr. Taylors can afford to wear close-fitting verdure. Of roses for hedges, walls, arbors, porches and patches of rocky landscape there are legions, and nearly all the vining roses are hardy as far north as the lower edge of New England. Sweetbrier, fragrant and hardy, is just beginning its career as a favorite vine; the yellow and crimson rambler, the old-time, simple yellow Scotch rose, the easily grown, but rare, large, white, single rose, the Seven Sisters rose, which is seen on every old porch in Connecticut, the Mar&ha1 Neil, which is safe for the winter south of New York, and the native prairie rose, of rare perfume and easy cultivation-these, and many more, can convert the plainest frame house and the least cozy of little verandas into a picture-spot for the joy alike of the passer-by and of the dweller therein.
HE honeysuckle, with its many varieties, deserves honorable mention among the most fragrant and hardiest of the vines ; it may flower up through the roses on the porch, or climb up a trellis to the bedroom window to pour its sweet odor into quiet dreams. It is so swift a grower that it can be made to clothe the foundation of a house or to hide an ugly, ragged fence almost in a single season. It is freer from insects than most of the flowering vines, and if properly cared for in the spring will blossom at intervals on into October. In the decorative use of vines, as in shrubs, flowers, or trees for that matter, there is always danger of indulging in too great a variety.
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The amateur gardener grows ambitious to show his skill, and curious to test and succeed with the new, forgetting that often the best effects are obtained by a few varieties and luxuriant masses of foliage and flowers in harmonious colors, rather than by an incongruous young horticultural show. Of the humble annual-flowering vines there is such a profusion that there should not be a naked porch or a barren backyard in the whole land ; at least not where there are little tigers big enough to handle a trowel and carry a package of seeds. Very little children could be taught at home or in kindergarten classes to become the vineplanters of the nation. What do morning-glories, nasturtiums, moonflowers, or flowering beans ask more than a few nights lodging in soil not too hard or poor for their sustenance and a fresh drink of water every morning? And every child is better for an awakened curiosity about earth and flowers, better for the mere digging down into the earth; while a chance to cultivate a flower-garden of his own is worth a lecture course on carefulness or the beauty of Nature to the average boy. But this is an article on the bringing up of vines, not children, and the fact that they seem to have some relation in the writers mind has nothing to do with the subject. In making beautiful his Long Island home, Mr. Taylor has not been content with the mere planting of many vines, but has so arranged them and adjusted them to the color and contour of the house that each vine shows to the best possible advantage, that there are no awkward lengths of roots revealed, no unlovely beginnings shown about the foundation of the house; everywhere at the roots of the vines that clamber over porch and wall are planted closely set shrubs, growing high enough to protect the vines until the richness of foliage begins, and serving also to seal the house to the earth-to make them one. And all about the garden, shrubs are used in the most practical manner, at the foot of vines that grow over trellis or garden seat, against stone walls and fences; wherever there might be a ragged spot it is made symmetrical and beautiful by lines or clumps of shrubs. So completely and entirely does the exterior of Mr. Taylors house suggest the perfection of simply beautiful living that one remembers with a curious sense of surprise, almost regret, that it is intended mainly for the repository of more valuable old-world, old-time furnishings than many of the finest museums even in Europe could equal.
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I, POETS
LOVE
LOVE.
Y LOVE, thou art the end of all desire! Thou art the fire That warms my life, and lights it !-thou the balm To cool and calm. My life, my death, and my eternity Mean only theeAnd more than these, thou art my Poetry.
II. WOMANS LOVE.
HOU art my Poetry, 0 poet-king, Master, and friend. Thou art my song, my help, my comforting Unto the end. . .
But more than these, thou art my love, my life, Both here and now And through and after death--eternal life Is only thou. . . Eternal life can serve but to prolong Thy highest call, For man is more than poet, life than song, And love than all. --Curtis Hidden
Page.
THE SOCIAL SERVICE BY JOHN SPARGO
OF A CITY SCHOOL:
,E LIVE, fortunately, in an age of inquiry and challenge. The spirit of dissatisfaction with things as they are, and of hopeful aspiration to better things, is everywhere manifest. I do not hesitate to call this a fortunate circumstance, however uneasy it must make us, simply because it is the manifestation of the eternal z&g&t, the spirit which has prompted eKery step in mans upward, age-long climb. It is the pledge, the unfailing promise of a better social state ; a socialized world ful6lling Ciceros fine ideal of a society in which the interest of each individually, and of all collectively, should be the same. And until that spirit is attained, Human Brotherhood, Democracys other name, can not be realized. Nothing escapes this spirit of inquiry, analysis and challenge. A cross-section of human life at any point reveals it. In politics, religion, education, science, art-in a word, everywhere-it is manifest. Nowhere, with the possible, but doubtful, exception of politics, is this spirit more evident than in all that pertains to the education of the young, and nowhere is it more intelligently directed. Nowhere is it more evident that The old order changeth, giving place to the new than in our public schools. To contrast the public schools of to-day in our most progressive cities with the most progressive public schools of a generation ago, is to receive a salutary lesson in social progress. The schools are brighter and healthier, designed with greater care for the physical, mental and spiritual development of the scholars; the teachers are men and women of higher mental standards and ideals ; the tutorial methods are saner and more humane. In larger measure than ever before, the twofold nature of education is being recognized. We are no longer satisfied to impart knowledge merely, which is but the outward aspect of education; to develop thought and character, ideas and ideals from within; to correlate knowledge imparted from the storehouse of the sum total of past experience with the knowledge derived from personal experience, is the aim of an evergrowing body of earnest and intelligent educators. So far we have progressed, but not yet has the goal been reached where we may rest in peaceful satisfaction. There is still much to be desired in the way of what one may call spiritual progress in our
SOCIAL
SERVICE
OF A CITY
SCHOOL
schools. Our school curricula are in too many instances mechanical and rigid. Devised to meet the requirements of the mass, they are applied to the individual with disastrous results. A common standard of acquired knowledge-by no means identical with mental equipment-is attained, but the individuality of the child, the most precious thing of all, the development of which should be the very raison detre of our attempts to educate the child, is sacrificed. There is a growing demand for reform in our schools, for greater elasticity in the methods of teaching. Earnest men and women everywhere are in revolt against the stupid brutality of fitting children of diverse temperaments and gifts to a common system, and demanding a reversal of the process, that the educational system be fitted to the individual needs of the child. Care for the physical health of the child, for the too often sadly neglected factors of digestion, nutrition, hearing, vision, proper breathing and attention to the teeth, is everywhere growing. The home life and general environment of the child is considered as never before, and the functions of the school are extending to the homes, the streets, and even to social and political activities as never before. ACK of all this protesting and demanding is an ideal, more or less consciously defined, of a perfect education of hand, heart and brain. This ideal, it has been felt by many, is unattainable except with very small groups of children, and wholly impossible in our public schools. If this be true, if the sacrifice of individuality is inevitable, then the loss to the nation is terrible to contemplate. Never in the worlds history was there a nation to which the loss could be so great as to America, drawing its citizenship from the almost endless variety of the worlds types. There is, however, a growing army of earnest workers in the field of educational effort and experiment to whom this fear does not come. They believe that the ideal can be realized. Working, many of them, quietly and unostentatiously, they are building up a great fund of convincing achievement, slowly but surely silencing the pessimists and Some of our public schools to-day, esperealizing the impossible. cially in New York city under Dr. Maxwells courageous guidance, are reaching out and influencing the life of their communities in wonderful ways. And in some of our smaller cities and towns work of equal value is being done, often unrecognized. Go6
AN
INTERESTED
GROUP OF CHILDREN
WEAVING SHOWING AT
BASKETS THE EXCELLENT QUALITY OF WORK DONE
YONKERS
SCHOOL
NUMBER
TWELVE
LGNG
BEFGRE
SCEOOGTIYE BUSY AT
TEE WORK OF ALL TBE
CEIIDREN THIS IS
ARB ALL
THE
WORK
CHILDREN,
NOT
SELECTED
SPECIMENS
SOCIAL
SERVICE
OF A CITY
SCHOOL
Such a school is Public School Number Twelve, Yonkers, New York, of which Mrs. Elizabeth Sanborn Knapp is the directing force. The annual exhibition of the work done by the pupils of this school, recently held, attracted widespread attention on the part of educators, and was at once a splendid object lesson in practical achievement and a prophecy of the ultimate triumph of the ideal. The exhibition differed from most school exhibitions in that it did not consist of the best work of a few of the brightest children in each grade, but included specimens of all the work done by all the children of the school. The citizens of Yonkers are justly proud of their public schools. Under the guiding genius of Superintendent Charles E. Gorton, they have attained a very high standard of excellence, equal to the best in the country. In a city of splendid schools Mrs. Knapp has made hers pre-eminent in the things that are vital to the wellbeing of the children and of the community. The school lies in the heart of a tenement district, and its eight hundred pupils are drawn mainly from the homes of factory workers engaged in the large carpet mills adjacent to it. There are about a dozen nationalities represented, Slavs being preponderant. The school is well equipped with all modern conveniences, including a workshop, shower baths for boys and girls, and individual hat and coat racks. There is a large, finely appointed kitchen, which serves as a cooking instruction center for several schools. Individual instruction, instead of classes, is the rule in this department, each girl having her own little gas stove and utensils. Printed copies of all recipes used in the lessons are provided for every child, printed upon stout, tough paper, a lesson to each card. The children are required to keep these cards with great care, so that by the end of the school year each girl has a complete Cook Book of practical value, every recipe of which she has practically tried under skilled supe&ision. If masculine criticism is permissible here, or of the least val , mine would be that the equipment is too perfect, the conditions in T he kitchen generally too far removed from those which the girls can ever hope to find in their own homes. The helplessness at home, where the equipment is far from ideal, of girls who are expert enough at school is often pathetic, and is a striking criticism of the disregard of practical conditions by well-meaning theorists. But a mans criticism of a kitchen is proverbially to be despised.
SOCIAL
SERVICE
OF A CITY
SCHOOL
RS. KNAPP came to her task in Yonkers with a rare practical equipment. She had taught wood carving in the George Junior Republic, and had charge of the Department of Clay Modeling, Wood Carving and Design at the State Industrial School at Rochester, her exhibit at the Chicago Worlds Fair winning a diploma. She has had other varied experience fitting her for her work, including manual training work in New York city, Colorado Springs and Pueblo, and Vacation School work in New York, Chicago and Yonkers. Her book on manual training, Raphia and Reed Weaving, is in wide use, and has been adopted by the School Board of New York city. From the foregoing it will be readily understood that manual training plays a very important part in the work of this school. Mrs. Knapp has long known what many other teachers are just beginning to realize, that a very large number of the dull and backward children to be found in all large schools are much more educable through this medium than any other. Much of this work is done out of school hours, both before and after. Long before the time for school work to begin, the children come in to weave little rugs and baskets, to make hammocks or toys, dolls hats, aprons for themselves, or to cut paper designs, as the case may be. And for an hour or two after school hours they remain, without request or compulsion, happy in their work, fascinated by the creative idea. No work is permitted merely for the sake of the activity involved. Everything attempted must be useful to the child. Paper-cutting has been developed in a most wonderful way. It is nothing but the literal truth to say that from the principal down there is not a teacher in the school who can equal the skill and deftness in the use of the scissors shown by many of the boys and girls. One boy of eleven I have seen perform quite wonderful feats in caricature and portrait work. The figures are cut out of white paper and pasted upon black backgrounds. In general the work done is illustrative of some story or nursery rhyme, the various incidents in Mother Goose, Mother Hubbard, Cinderella, and other well-known nursery rhymes, being illustrated with much spirit, skill and imagination. No tracing is allowed, the cutting being entirely freehand. It is impossible to overestimate the importance of this work as a means of developing the creative faculties. It leads to deftness of hand,
610
SOCIAL
SERVICE
OF A CITY
SCHOOL
alertness of mind, keenness of observation, and, not less important, a healthy play of the imagination. Allied to the teaching of geography, this work is seen at its best from an educational viewpoint. Outline maps, either drawn in chalk upon the blackboard, or cut out in paper with the rivers and mountains shown in ink, form the basis of the work. Then, in place of towns and cities, birds, animals, people, plants, trees, flowers, reptiles and so on, are pasted on, the figures all being cut out and placed in their proper location. Thus, one map may be devoted to animals, another to plants and trees, or a map showing the two hemispheres may confine itself to the different races of mankind, or include all the foregoing. Some of these maps are naturally very curious and picturesque, recalling the work of the ancient geographers, who, according to the poet, On Africs maps, With savage pictures filled the gaps ; And oer uninhabitable downs Strewed elephants for want of towns. ECENTLY, in philanthropic and social reform circles, there has been a good deal of discussion concerning the possibility of a more general use of the public school buildings for other than school work. The idea that,,in the crowded districts of our cities, the magnificent, well-lighted and ventilated school buildings should be closed every evening, when they might be used for so many purposes, such as meeting rooms, club centers, reading rooms, and so on, is distinctly a narrow one. By some of the leaders of the social settlements it has been suggested that much of the work that is now done by these institutions could, with advantage, be transferred to the schools. The schools for the people! is a cry that is frequently heard in these days. In New York city the Board of Education has frankly faced this question and instituted some notable experiments in its evening recreation centers. A few other cities have done something in the same direction. In Yonkers the need for such work is not less than in New York or any other of our large cities, and, while nothing has been done in an official way, the Board of Education has encouraged in a very practical manner the efforts of Mrs. Knapp and her loyal staff of
611
SOCIAL
SERVICE
OF A CITY
SCHOOL
volunteer teachers. Social settlement workers in the city admit that in this school the best sort of settlement work is being done. Club work for both boys and girls has been carried on ever since the school was fist opened. Games and reading matter are provided, and instruction given in embroidery, hammock making, basketry, bead work, carpentry, and other useful crafts. The materials for this work are furnished by the Board of Education. A sense of social service is inculcated in the children in various ways, one of the most important being window gardening. Hundreds of plants are raised each year by the children, from cuttings made in June, for winter bloom in the school-window boxes. The care of these plants is entirely undertaken by the boys and girls, who have great pride in their work. The school flower is the modest nasturtium, and for the past five years each child in the school has regularly raised two plants from seed-old tomato cans from neighboring dumps being utilized for pots-one of which the child gives for the decoration of some soldiers grave on Decoration Day, the other being taken home. Within fifteen minutes walk from the school are the woods, where wild flowers grow in rich profusion, affording rare opportunities for nature study. Each visit to the woods is made the occasion of social service as well as of study, and the children frequently send large boxes filled with ferns and growing plants of wild flowers to their less fortunate fellows in the schools of the crowded districts of New York city. The Garden Club of the local Civic League having interested itself in the school, part of the playground was laid out in little garden plots last year and assigned to the care of a number of little girls whose homes overlook the school yard. This social work among the children spreads, naturally, to their parents. The fathers and mothers are soon interested by the childrens accounts of the Club, and by the finished work they bring home. It is a most gratifying thing to see the parents watching their children work or play and entering into friendly relations with the teachers. It gives the teacher an influence over the parents, enabling her to deal, in some measure at least, with the home conditions of the children, greatly to their advantage. There is a school band of ninety members, most of whom own their own instruments. This helps enormously in the work with the parents, who flock to the school on the weekly rehearsal nights and seem to enjoy the discordant noises
612
SOCIAL
SERVICE
OF A CITY
SCHOOL
of the boys practice almost as much as they would enjoy popular concerts. Then there are the monthly concerts, free to the public, given by the school band in the large assembly hall. People from the neighborhood crowd the school on these evenings, and a cordial relation between the principal and teachers of the school and the fathers and mothers of the children they teach is the result. Mrs. Knapp and her loyal and devoted staff of teachers, who give freely so much of their time to this work, have solved no great problems. The vast social problems inherent in our industrial system remain. There is still the overcrowding, poverty, vice, and inefficiency challenging society to find the remedy. But they have shown that our public schools are capable of much greater social service than is usually realized, and in their school work proper they have pointed the way to the realization of William Morriss fine ideal of an education leading to a democracy of useful, joyful work and noble leisure. And that is no small achievement.
REASSURANCE
OW lucent splendors, amethyst and gold And clearest emerald, flood the Western sky, Though, all day long, dark clouds were heaped on high And angry winds went racing, icy-cold ; But calm has come with sunset, and behold, Where late the pageantry of storm went by, What dream-like majesties of color lie Across the solemn depths of space unrolled, All beautiful things the heart of man can dreamDeep joy unfaltering, love fuhllled that fears No parting evermore nor any tears, Youths dear desires like beacon-lights that gleamWhen sunsets luminous miracle appears, How close, how sure, those heights of gladness seem! -Elizabeth Roberts MacDonald.
5x3
SIMPLE LIFE IN JAPAN-ACHIEVED BY CONTENTMENT OF SPIRIT AND A TRUE BY MARGUERITE KNOWLEDGE OF ART. GLOVER
ANY of us dream of the simple life. Some strive for it; few attain it. An eminent author has said only those with great wealth and enormous strength can live it. With the Japanese this is not so. The simplicity I of their daily existence has been cultivated until it is an art. Each mans status in society is definitely fixed. It is the grade in which his forefathers lived and in which his childrens children will live. There is no striving for a higher place. He is satisfied with his position, accepts it as a matter of course, and makes the most of it. Only by some overt evil act will he drop into a lower grade, and it must be a phenomenal deed or service to the state that will raise him even one degree higher in social rank. This stability of position has an important influence upon the nation. No one wishes to appear different from what he really is, and as a consequence there is no greed for wealth. You will say this must kill ambition. If ambition is a struggle solely for money-and position, then it does kill ambition, but it does not kill ambition to excel in ones own craft or calling. With the struggle for wealth eliminated, the craftsman, the artisan, the mechanic have been able to take time to work in the most perfect and durable manner. It has been unnecessary for them to earn much money, as living has been cheap. The Japanese housewife is thrifty, and the needs of a family are few. The fact that a Japanese is content in his own sphere is the keynote of the success of their simple life. It is of no value for him to make a false impression, so the element of show or push is left out. We all know of the tiny proportions of a Japanese house, but we do not know of the ease and comfort taken in these houses. In considering the simple life of Japanese we must divest ourselves of western ideals and prejudices and look at existence from that point of view. For example, let us take a house near the Imperial Park in Kyoto, occupied by a college professor. The day I first called there with a Japanese friend it seemed gemlike in the perfection of its smallness. Our interest in it was keen, for
614
SIMPLE
LIFE
IN
JAPAN
I hoped some day to have a similar house, and when the opportunity offered I boldly plied our host and hostess with questions. HE house, a wooden structure twenty-four feet by twenty-five, was on a plot of land thirty feet front and fifty feet deep. It was shut in by an artistically made bamboo fence five feet high. The fence was solid, so no prying eyes might see in. As our rickshaws drew up to the gate my coolie dropped the shafts and knocked sharply. A sound of wooden clogs pattering over stones was heard, a bolt was drawn, and there stood the little maid, all smiles and bows. Yes, the master and mistress were home. Would we honorably enter ? Stepping down from the rickshaws we passed through the gate to the vestibule. There, leaving my shoes, and my friend and the maid their sandals, we entered the house in stocking feet. The first room, a six-mat one, was nine by twelve feet. It was divided by sliding screens from the one next the garden, a corner room twelve feet wide and at that time twenty-four feet long. Through the center of this large room were the iron grooves in the floor and overhead for the sliding screens that at night would divide it into two sleeping-rooms, but as the day was warm and fair the screens had been lifted out and stacked away, leaving an unbroken space. Sinking to our knees on the soft cushions laid on the floor, we awaited the arrival of our hostess. A patter of light feet, the sliding of. a screen, and she appeared. Laying our outspread hands before us on the straw mats we made deep reverences in response to her bows of cordial greeting. Having brought with us as a gift a box of sweets, tied with the red and white gift string and the slip of paper folded like an arrows sheaf, we slid it gently toward the little lady. She received it graciously, but, according to etiquette, neither touched or opened the box. When formalities were over and we were pleasantly chatting, in walked the husband and professor just back from college. His greeting was the antithesis of his wifes, Standing erect he shook hands with us, saying, How dodo, glad to see you. Then sotto vote to me, Can you stand the floor? for I am the proud possessor of two chairs, one of which I will gladly get you. Assuring him that I was perfectly comfortable on the floor, he sank down beside us
615
SIMPLE
LIFE
IN
JAPAN
on a cushion, remarking, I myself prefer a chair when I am wearing European clothes. Our first observation was, What a lovely garden you have. To which he replied, Yes, isnt it nice 1 Come out and have a look at it. Slipping our fee> into sandals we found on the veranda we stepped down to the ground. The garden was twenty by thirty feet and charmingly laid out. There was a tiny lake, a miniature mountain, a clump of dwarfed trees, some beautiful iris in bloom, several curiously shaped and highly prized stones, but not a spear of grass. All this was concealed from the street and only to be seen from the rear of the house, where are invariably the best rooms. Dr. Nagai, I said, tell me how much you pay for this place, as it is just such a one as I hope to have. Isnt it too small for you? he asked. You Americans like space. No, I answered, when I am in Japan I want to do as the Japanese do, and not as we do in the States. I pay twenty yen a month, replied Dr. Nagai. That is high rent for a professor, but the house is so near the college I can walk back and forth and come home for dinner. In that way I save the cost of a rickshaw and one meal each day, so I can afford to pay a higher rent. As I have not repaid all the money I borrowed for my foreign education we must live closely until I am free from debt. To build such a house as this would cost twelve hundred yen, and the land is valued at sir; hundred yen. HEN we went inside he said to his wife, Yoshi san, show our guests about. They would like to see how we live. There is but little more to show, she replied, your study, the kitchen, and the bath are all that remains to be seen. The space of twenty-four by twenty-five feet was divided as follows: One entered the vestibule, which was four by six feet. Next to that came the kitchen, four by eight feet; then a closet four by four feet, and last the bath, four by six feet. These small spaces reached across the front of the house. Then came two rooms, nine by twelve feet, and the front ones twelve feet square. The small room we had passed through was pure Japanese, the second one as near like a foreign professors study as Dr. Nagai could
616
vv
JAPANESE LINES AND
DQORWAY, A
SHOWING
FINE, USE
SIMPLE
STRUClURAL AND
CRAFTSMAN-LIKE PRETTY
OF BAMBOO, COURTESY
INCIDENTALLY
SOCIAL
DINNER PREPARING
IS
SERVED MEAL IN A JAPANESE KITCHEN
THE
EVEN A
LAUNDRY
WORK
IS
PICTURESQUE A MEhL INTO
CRRRMONY IN JAPAN IS TO MAKE
TO COOK YOURSELF
BEAUTIFUL
PICTURE
SIMPLE
LIFE
IN
JAPAN
afford to make it. His furniture consisted of a working table that took the place of a desk, and cost less ; a revolving bookcase, a bookcase made of pine boards that covered the nine feet of dividing screen and reached to the ceiling; two wooden kitchen chairs and a stool. Books, all scientific works in German and English, filled the cases, covered the table, and overflowed on the floor. The floor was bare boards, as the legs of chairs and tables would destroy straw mats, and a rug was expensive. The room was ugly bare. The hideousness of our poverty forced itself on my mind. Why need our cheap furniture be so brutally ugly? Things in Japan could be cheap and yet be durable and artistic. Quickly reading my thoughts, Dr. Nagai said, You dont like my study. It is ugly, but it is the books that count. I love my books. Sliding back a wooden door in a wooden partition he said, Here is comfort, simplicity and prettiness all combined. It was the bathroom, a tiny space four by six feet. In it were four objects, a stool to sit upon when washing oneself before getting into the bath; a shining brass wash-basin; a wooden pail and dipper, in which to fetch the bath water; and the tub. The tub, like most private baths, was round, casket-shaped, and made of whitewood. It was perhaps thirty inches in diameter and twenty-seven inches high. A copper funnel, or tube, passing through the bottom went up inside close to the edge. This, filled with lighted charcoal, supplied heat for the water. The pipe was higher than the tub, so the water could not leak inside. A few transverse bars of wood fitted into grooves and formed a protection so the bather could kneel in the tub without with the hot pipe. coming in contact The walls of the room were of whitewood with a pretty grain, the floor of pine laid with a slight slope and water might flow grooved so the through a bamboo into a gutter and A moon-shaped pipe to the yard. high up let in air lattice- w i n d o w As a provision for more and light. ventilation the two outside walls for ceiling- were lata foot below the slats. tice of bamboo
62r
SIMPLE
LIFE
IN
JAPAN
As my eye traveled from object to object I quickly sized up the cost. For the tub eight yen, and it would last indefinitely; two yen for the brass basin; fifty sen for the pail and dipper, and twenty-five sen for the stool. Eleven yen would fit up my bathroom, and I asked for nothing nicer. Would you like to see the kitchen? the wife inquired. It is very small and very dirty. Indeed we should, I replied, for rarely had I been in a truly Japanese kitchen. The little wife was half right-it was very small, being four feet by eight, but it was not very dirty. In fact it was spotlessly clean. There was no range and no oven. In their place were two plaster contrivances of one hole each into which were poked short pieces of wood or charcoal and on top of which were placed the pots and pans. In a small cupboard containing a few shelves and a couple of drawers were the cups, bowls, chopsticks, and trays used for serving the meals and the few pots, pans, spoons and knives for cooking and preparing the food. There were no chairs or table, as the Japanese sit on their heels when doing kitchen work. The maid, squatting before one fire-pot was watching the rice boiling for the evening meal. When the fire flagged she brightened it by blowing through a bamboo tube or fanning it, and all the while she fed it with faggots about as large as a lead pencil. ETWEEN the kitchen and bathroom was the square closet. Sliding back the door (there was not a hinged, swinging door in the house) we were shown the bedding neatly stowed away. A chest containing Madams garments stood on the floor, and on shelves were the dress suit of the Professor and his native clothes. With the exception of a cupboard and a few drawers in the chiguidarza and the box-like receptacle for sandals in the vestibule, there was no other place in the house for keeping ones possessions, so it behooved one to have few. Returning to our cushions the maid brought tea, and we sat down prepared for a long chat. My thoughts were still running on the cost of things, and here was the chance to get information. Tell me, Dr. Nagai, I said, when you rented this house did you furnish the mats? No, he replied, the mats were supplied. The rent would have been several yen a month less could I have bought my own mats, but I had not the money. These two rooms, he con-
622
SIMPLE
LIFE
IN
JAPAN
tinued, are eight-mat rooms each, and the smaller one contains six mats. A good mat costs at least five yen, so for them I should have had to pay one hundred and twenty yen. The first things we buy when my foreign expenses are paid will be fresh, new mats, and with care they will last us our life. What we brought to the house, he added, were our kitchen furnishings, our clothes, bedding, the ornaments for the tokonoma and chigai-dana, my books and study fittings, and the hibachis and tabako-bon. In the room where we sat were two recesses or alcoves called tokonomas. Before one of them my cushion had been placed as an evidence that I was the guest of honor. The tokonomas were at opposite ends of what in a house of ours would be the outside walls, so when the dividing screens, or fusuma, were in place a tokonoma would be in each room. They were the beauty spots of the house. Besides the tokonoma recess, there is usually a second and smaller one called chigui-&na. These tokonomus were three feet wide and two feet deep. The floor, raised six inches above that of the mats, was one slab of polished wood. In the center of the tokonoma was a rare bronze vase in which was a beautiful floral arrangement. Above the vase a scroll picture, called kakemona, hung. The ornament on the chigui-dunu was a dwarf tree. Besides the linen cushions upon which we sat, the only other objects in the room were two hibachis and a tubuko-bon. The hibachis were the fire-bowls upon which rested the ever-present water-pot for boiling the tea-water. They were both so handsome it was evident they were heirlooms or wedding gifts ; one was of rare porcelain; the other of wood inlaid with silver and mother-of-pearl. An hibachi is a necessity in every household. Besides boiling the tea-water it serves as the only means of heating. On cold days when shoji and fusuma (inside and outside screens) are closed, the family will crouch around the hibachis, warming their hands and wrists over the glowing coals, and small as the fire is it really does temper the room. The tabuko-bon was a new and cheap affair, costing perhaps fifty cents, but it was dainty and in good taste. It was a wooden box ten inches square. In it was a hollow section of bamboo and a small porcelain bowl containing a heap of ashes, on top of which sparkled a few live
SIMPLE coals. Thebamboo smokers.
LIFE
IN
JAPAN
was an ash receiver and the bowl gave light for
HE little wife drew out her tiny pipe and took her three puffs from it, while the professor smoked his native cigarette as we talked. I spent four years in New Haven and two years in Berlin, Dr. Nagai said. In those costly cities it was hard to live cheaply, but here our needs are so few money goes a long way. Our one servant does easily all the work, and we pay her thirty yen a year. To be sure, my wife gives her a kimono now and again, but they cost only a yen apiece. She lived with my wifes mother, and is trained so she can make up ripped garments and do all necessary sewing. When my wife has guests she prepares and serves the meal so well we need only buy sweets. Can she wash? I asked heedlessly, with my mind still on the possible house of my own. Our wash is so small she can easily do it, he replied. With you it would be necessary to send your clothes to a laundry, as I do my foreign garments. Then I remembered that in a Japanese household there were no tablecloths, napkins, sheets, pillow-cases or curtains to be done up, for none of these were used. The meals were served on individual lacquer trays, and each person carried in his sleeve a paper napkin that was destroyed when soiled. The bedding consisted of futones, heavy wadded comfortables. One laid on the floor served as a bed, and a second one furnished all the covering necessary. Pillows were curved wooden blocks or hard rolls of rice husk, and over these each night was tied a sheet of fresh, white paper. The Japanese take so many hot baths, two a day being the usual number, that their garments do not become soiled as do ours. When their kimonos are dirty they either wash them intact, in tiny tubs, before which they crouch, or rip them up and wash out the pieces. Their drying process takes the place of our ironing, for they never use an iron. The ripped pieces, very wet, will be spread smooth and flat on long boards. These boards are then stood against the sides of the house in the sun and air. When dry the material is carefully pulled off and will be as stiff and smooth as if it had been starched and ironed. Do tell me what your other expenses are? I asked. Fuel, he answered, costs about twenty-five yen a year, light ten yen, and ten
624
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IN
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yen a year I pay to the government for my house tax. Then there is the item of clothes. Mine are expensive, for I must have both foreign and native, but my wife was so well provided at our marriage that she has bought nothing since. Last year I spent fifty yen on clothes. Our food costs us about a hundred yen. You know there is never any waste in a Japanese kitchen, and every morsel cooked is eaten. Taking a note-book from his pocket he jotted down these items: Rent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 yen House tax . . . . . . . . . . . 10 VESTI-: KITCHEH +E$ BATH I BuU L----yl : Wages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 " .------___ I --.-_Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 ; 5TuPY Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 I I Clothes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 _- _ _ _ _ _ - - - _ -,- . - - - - - - - - -. Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . loo I
I I
465 yen Four hundred and sixty-five yen, he said. Yes, that is close to what we spent, for my salary is eight hundred yen a year, and I paid off two hundred yen of my debt. There is only a hundred and GARDE f.4 fifty yen left, he added thankfully; so this year, unless there is sickness, I can pay all I owe, start an account in the savings bank and perhaps buy a book or two. Four hundred and sixy-five COMPLETE PLAN OF JAPANESE HOUSE yen, two hundred and thirty-two and a half of our dollars, and a college professor of applied science could live comfortably on it in a delightful little nest of a house in a good neighborhood.
625
THE SPIRITUAL REGENERATION DREYFUS: BY JOHN SPARGO
OF
VERY lover of justice and liberty must rejoice at the splendid vindication of Alfred Dreyfus. After eleven years of suffering and struggle almost unparalleled in modern times, the victim of an infamous conspiracy is restored to the position from which foul treachery deposed him and his innocence is proclaimed to the world.. Justice, leaden-footed and slow Justice, triumphs at last. There is no need for a recapitulation here of the story of the great drama, LA ffuire Dreyf us. How an obscure Alsatian Jew, a captain in the French Army, became a great world-figure upon whose fate rested the destiny of the second greatest republic in the world, is a familiar story. It challenges comparison with another human storythat of the poor Gallilean Jew whose ignominious death has produced the most glorious memory of all the memories of human history. But there are two scenes in the drama which rise inevitably to the mental vision, two great climacteric events: In the broad courtyard of the Military School a human square has been formed, made up of five thousand French soldiers. Into the center of the square marches a soldier whose uniform proclaims him to be a captain in the Fourteenth Artillery. He halts before the Commanding General who greets him with words that fill his eyes with tears, flush his cheeks and burn his soul. Called a traitor unworthy of his sword and uniform, he is publicly degraded. His uniform is ripped and shorn of its glistening ornaments. His sword is broken into pieces and flung to the ground as the supreme sign of dishonor and degradation. A light flashes in the Captains eyes-the light of defiance-born of the centuries of oppression suffered by his race-and he shouts, Yive la France1 I swear I am innocent. But his cries are drowned by answering shouts of derision. The courtyard reverberates with cries of Judas! and death to the traitor! The legions of injustice dance a saraband of unholy triumph around the despised and forlorn Jew. Another scene, the last in the great drama: Eleven years of awful shame and suffering stretch like a cloud between the first scene and this last. In the Parliament of France, amid intense excitement, M. Etienne, Minister of War, rises and presents a bill on behalf of the Government restoring the degraded Captain of Artillery to the Army with promotion. A decision of the Supreme Court, he says, has ju-
THE
SPIRITUAL
REGENERATION
OF DREYFUS
dicially and definitely established the innocence of the accused, involving ipso facto his reinstatement in the army and expunging his condemnation. The Government, powerless to repair the immense material and moral injury sustained by the victim of a deplorable judicial error, desires to place Dreyfus in the situation he would have occupied if his normal career had not been interrupted. The Government, he adds, intends to inscribe the name of Alfred Dreyfus on the list of candidates for the Cross of the Legion of Honor. The grave President of the Chamber, M. Brisson, in announcing the decision says simply, it is with pride that I register this vote consecrating the triumph of virtue. It is a speech destined to live long in the political annals of the nation.
HE triumph of Dreyfus and his brave allies, including among the very greatest of these, his devoted wife, is majestic and complete. The stain of treason is wiped from his name, a new sword is his, and a more lustrous uniform. But infinitely more important than the triumph of Dreyfus is the triumph of France, of Justice. Apart from the political consequences to the French nation, there is no fact of greater significance in all the momentous events of the terrible drama than the spiritual regeneration of Dreyfus himself. Herein lies a splendid theme for the moralist and the psychologist. What is the secret of the saint-like character which Dreyfus displays in the hour of his triumph, challenging and compelling the admiration of the world? In the popular and complete revulsion of feeling which accompanies his rehabilitation vast power of revenge comes to Dreyfus. It is natural that, with his innocence perfectly established, knowledge of the awful suffering and indignities borne by him for a decade should create a desire for reparation in the hearts of his countrymen. But Dreyfus makes no demands for the punishment of his enemies, asks no compensation; his only demand is restoration to rank in the army, and the proclamation by that act of his innocence. The simple dignity of the man, his sweetness and entire freedom from vindictiveness, have won the admiration of the world. Dreyfus was not always the idealist he has shown himself to be since his return from Devils Isle, and, conspicuously, in the hour of his supreme vindication, according to the most reliable accounts,
627
THE
SPIRITUAL
REGENERATION
OF DREYFUS
he was regarded by his colleagues in the army as a vain, aggressive and ill-natured churl. Even his most devoted advocates have never attempted to disguise the fact of his generally unprepossessing and repellent nature prior to his conviction. One of his most stalwart defenders, an eminent man who had made tremendous sacrifices in the bitter campaign for justice, declared to the writer, Personally Dreyfus is a pig-it is the cause I fight for, not the man. Under the circumstances, therefore, the moral grandeur of the man in the hour of strength and victory aSsumes extraordinary proportions and unusual interest. How shall we account for his spiritual refinement and regeneration under conditions which might well have coarsened and embittered a much finer character 1 Was it the suffering and oppression during so many of the best years of his life which softened and ennobled him, as centuries of oppression seem to have produced extraordinary idealism in his race, or are there other factors?
E ARE familiar enough with the idea that adversity and pain make for sweetness and nobility of character. Sweet are the uses of adversity, Which, like the toad, ugly and venomous, Wears yet a precious jewel in his head.
It is not an attractive view to take of life, that virtue can only be propagated by pain and anguish, yet it is incontrovertible that certain kinds of suffering at least do soften and sweeten the character of the sufferers, just as certain forms of adversity ennoble and strengthen those whom they do not wreck and overwhelm. But when, as in the case of Dreyfus, the suffering is the result of a deliberate conspiracy of injustice, it most often destroys faith in mankind, breeds cynicism and infidelity, with resulting bitterness and desire for revenge. Jesus could pray, Forgive! they know not what they do, but Dreyfus lived with the sickening consciousness forever growing in intensity that his enemies had deliberately conspired against him and woven a huge fabric of forgery and lies to crush him. All the more remarkable, therefore, is the spiritual development of the man to the stature of one of the worlds greatest moral heroes. With the Psalmist, Dreyfus can ,say, I have seen the wicked in great power and spreading himself
628
THE
SPIRITUAL
REGENERATION
OF DREYFUS
like a green bay-tree. Yet he passed away, and lo! he was not; yea, I sought him, but he could not be found. But greater than this personal triumph is the worlds recognition that he has passed through the fire of sorrow and suffering as gold through a refiners furnace, and emerged glorified and regenerated. It may well be, however, that other factors than the awful anguish and torment of body and soul which he has endured have produced, or at any rate assisted, this splendid transformation. When we think of the magnificent, chivalrous sacrifices made in his interest by the greatest men in the nation, the flower of intellectual and moral France, the thought suggests itself that the awakening of the soul of Dreyfus may have been, in large part, a response to these. Rarely in human history has a helpless victim of injustice had such doughty and brilliant champions. Zola, the most eminent literateur of modern France, threw caution and self-interest to the winds, and challenged the conspirators with a courage like Luthers, pouring forth his challenges and accusations with torrential eloquence. Reviled, impoverished, condemned to prison for his brave, stern adherence to the cause of Justice, his vindication comes to his grave and enshrines his dust. Labori, sacrificing professional interests and opportunities, shot in the back by cowardly and affrighted foes, cared only for Justice and the fair fame of France. Piquart exposed the infamous Esterhazy, though he well knew that his deed meant dismissal and degradation. Clemenceau, Guyot and Lazare staked their all for justice, and shook France to its foundations by their burning, inspired letters to the press. Jaures, the Socialist leader, risked political power and popularity when he hurled the thunderbolts of his wonderful oratory at the citadels of entrenched wrong. It is surely not to be wondered at that the moral heroism of such men as these should appeal to all the latent good in the man whose suffering called it into being. Whatever the cause or causes may have been, the spiritual regeneration of Alfred Dreyfus is one of the most inspiring facts in the long drama. When the dust of the conflict has had time to settle, and the excitement of the struggle has passed, it will be seen that the rehabilitation of the exile of Devils Isle is a triumph for Justice long outraged, a glory to France, and an inspiration of faith in the ultimate power of virtue for all humanity. Yive Dreyfus! Yive la Prance! Yive lHumanite! 629
A CRAFTSWOMAN ELISA H. BADGER
IN AGRICULTURE:
BY
T IS a far cry from the little red schoolhouse on the top of the hill to the children of the tenements and public schools, to the homeless waifs of the cities, to the children who toil, but that cry is gaining strength in the life work of such men as Dr. Barnado, Felix Adler, Jacob Riis and others who have taken up the battle of these little waifs against the world. And now comes to us from the hills the voice of a woman, ringing out true and clear to the discouraged workers of the world, to fathers and mothers and to helpless waifs, and the call is an invitation back to the fields, to live and work in Gods out-of-doors, where there is room and work for all, to enjoy the things that are theirs by divine right. From the ozone-laden fields of Erskine Grange and Aloha Farm, having successfully proven that the fields give their reward for work well done, in full measure, running over, Mrs. Emma Erskine Hahn sends forth her message to the poor and the disheartened crowded within city walls. Says a Salvation Army Lassie, Is there a more pathetic sight than a well, strong, honest man, anxious to work, driven by discouragement beyond the reach of hope? When Mrs. Florence Kelley was urging the passage of the bills against child labor, she incidentally asked, Why are there so many fatherless children who are forced to go to work before they are able? One of the causes, was the answer, is lack of protection to the workingman. Therefore is the wealth of the country largely built up on the labor of children. The hands that make vast fortunes do not hesitate to throttle the child in the accumulation of riches. To the workingman, to the fathers of these destitute children Mrs. Hahn says, Come back to the soil, where you need no protection, but Gods mercy and your own honest endeavor, for it is written: Thou shalt work by the sweat of thy brow, but not by the breaking of thy heart. She pleads to take the children out of the factories and sweat-shops, to teach them how to plant and grow things--children are natural gardeners, they love to grub. To the college boys and young men about to enter the already over-crowded professions, she says, Try manual labor, take up the field of agriculture ; learn there what true freedom is! Here is one instance of many-a man out of employment, with a family to support, had an opportunity offered him to work a farm
630
CRAFTSWOMAN
IN
AGRICULTURE
on shares. He was one of the class who sincerely wanted work-and here is a practical lesson. A woman-of means furnished the capital; the man the labor. An abandoned farm of a hundred acres was bought in Vermont, and well stocked. As this man had no money and no credit it was arranged that he could draw ten dollars a month for groceries at the country store. On this basis he worked early and late. An abandoned farm was redeemed by his good management. The profit of the last year, after deducting interest on all money invested, netted $970. Four cows, two hundred chickens, forty brood sows were on hand. He has now nearly paid for the land, and is blessing the day he left a big city for the country. As for myself, says Mrs. Hahn, I dare not tell you how well I have done. I have actually made everything in farming pay, and pay well. In the redeeming of abandoned farms, I claim, and am prepared to prove, that it pays ; I must eliminate the truck gardener, as I know little of his life or conditions; it is the general farmer of tlie New England states that I speak of. Farming of to-day and that of twenty years ago are not the same ; it has become a science. The class of men and women who are now interested are earnest students, hence our agricultural schools and government stations. VVithin the last few years the telephones have reached the farmers homes ; along with the rural telephone came the rural mail-carrier with daily papers, letters and magazines ; with all these came new ideas, and the once isolated farms are now in touch with the important daily news of the world. There is less general farming nowadays. The farmer is a specialist, as well as the doctor and scientist. One woman has put fifteen acres in sweet potatoes and peach trees, and has paid off her mortgage, as she might not if she had done general farming. A man secured a patch of eight acres and bought four hundred leghorns ; to-day he sells the cocks at one dollar each. Last year he made one thousand dollars. One man plants English walnuts. It is estimated that if one hqdred farmers had planted a dozen English walnut trees in 1876, when Norman Pomeroy came home from the Philadelphia Centennial and planted seven nuts in his door-yard, the cpops would have been worth a million dollars to-day. But it takes brains as well as brawn; if
631
A CRAFTSWOMAN
IN
AGRICULTURE
only to take a farm on shares a man must have the capacity for work. There is no greater solution for the labor question than farming. The Countess of Warwick and others are proving in England that agriculture is for women as well as men. If this is true in England why not in America? Mrs. Hahns plea to the thousands of laborers who want to do their part in the worlds economy is to leave the over-crowded city, with its saloons and sweat-shops, be independent of charity bureaus and lodging-houses, go out into the land, and learn to farm with some good farmer. Dont try a hundred acres, is her advice, until you can manage one. Dont try to raise all kinds of vegetables, fruits or grains. Take one kind, study it well, raise it so perfectly and of such good quality that you will not have to hunt for buyers. The buyers will hunt for you! Out in Oklahoma storekeepers offer prizes to the farmers who raise the best crops. They say it helps their business to have farmers raise good crops. From an eighty-acre orchard, Mrs. Ellis, near Oklahoma City, recently sold $8,000 dollars worth of apples in one season, and then sold the farm for $20,000to a man who thought he could do better. Some wonderful fortunes are made out on those big Western farms. So vast are they, it is said of them that the mortgage falls due on one end before it is recorded on the other. The Western farmer is the wonder of the world to-day. But some wonderful things, if on a smaller scale, are accomplished in New England, and in nothing more than the redeeming of the brush lots and dismantled homesteads. Nature is at her best in New England. The soil is fertile, easily cultivated,, and not a few little tricks are played upon her, making her do double duty. One thrifty New Englander is a farmer in summer, an ice man in winter. He owns a ten-acre lot with a lake on it. In winter he dams up the lake and cuts ice ; in summer he drains that same meadow and cuts hay. The reclaiming of these lands means opportunity for many a weary city worker; it means a chance for children to flourish; it means relief for the terrible congestion of suffering humanity in the cities. It is most interesting to come under the spell of Mrs. Hahns enthusiasm on the reclaiming of abandoned farms, of which she has made such a brilliant success. It is equally interesting to learn that this craftswoman in agriculture is a descendant of the well-known
632
THE
ANGORA NEW AND
GOAT
BRED ON
RE-
CLAIMED TEXAS ERSKINE
ENGLAND
FARM TYPES AT CONN.
CALIFORNIA
GRANGE,
STAMFORD,
MRS.
EMMA OF
E.
HAHN OWN
AND
AN
ALDERNRY ALQRA
HER
RAISING
LODGE-MRS. FARM AT
HAHNS STAMFORD
RRCLAIMRD
CRAFTSWOMAN
IN
AGRICULTURE
Erskine family of England and Scotland. One of her antecedents, Lord Erskine, was the Henry Bergh of England, the fist man to start a movement in that country to establish a society for the prevention of cruelty to animals, in which endeavor he met with great di.&ulty and opposition, the idea was so novel and unheard of. Emma Erskine Hahn was born in St. Johns Wood, London, and came to America some thirty years ago ; she has traveled over a great part of the world, having visited Europe, China, Japan and India. In early life a royalist and aristocrat, she is now a socialist. While bitterly opposed to anarchy or violence, she holds that socialism is the only hope for improving the condition of the masses. Her early education was merely a training for society according to the fashion of that period for the daughters of well-to-do Englishmen. In later years, being reduced to comparative poverty, she invested the little money left in an abandoned farm. She had no trade, no knowledge of manual labor, but she loved the country and decided to put what knowledge she had of it to a practical purpose. Then she started out to find a farm all grown over with weeds. It was found in the hills above Stamford, Conn., with a magnificent view, plenty of pure water, and rich indeed in weeds. Here she installed her goats and started out to clear the land and breed Angoras. Her I abandoned farm she called Erskine Grange. This mistress of the Grange is now the owner of three farms in that vicinity. She has become such an authority on practical farming that she is constantly applied to for information concerning methods of getting best results from the soil. An old farmer was greatly amused to see her in the field, teaching a green hand the proper way to turn the sod with a side-hill plough. Mrs. Hahn is an active member of State and National Grange, and often addresses the meetings. She has a vivacious, clear-cut, concise way of speaking, she is full of magnetism for her audience, and easily converts to her point of view because she sincerely believes in it herself. To use her own words at a Grange meeting: My work and success is but the development that will come to any human butterfly, who, after trying in vain to find pleasure in a thoughtless, selfish life, turns to the country, to simple living and working, and thus in touch with Nature finds health, happiness and God. As to the vexed question
635
CRAFTSWOMAN
IN
AGRICULTURE
of hired help on the farm, Mrs. Hahn thinks there is but one intelligent treatment of it. Hire help, she says, on the commission basis, or co-operative idea, with a good deal of the golden rule thrown in. Then the employed feels that he is working for himself, that he has a share in the income as well as the prosperity of the farm. If by his skill and good judgment he has increased its value he should have a share in that increase. Above all, dont turn off a faithful worker in the winter because there is nothing to do. There is plenty of work to be done, if thrifty farmers want to be ready for the coming spring and summer. Like many other women, Mrs. Hahn is a great champion of industrial education. She believes that in it lies the only cure for poverty and crime. Experience shows us that the professions are over-crowded with people who could use their talents to far better advantage as tillers of the soil. College education is a good thing for those who can make good use of it, but many thousands of college men and women are suffering for want of employment who would be successful had they received an industrial education. Already the trend of education is leading that way, in Professor Adlers Ethical Culture Schools, the Recreation Center for City Children, the Dewitt Clinton, and other parks, and the Neighborhood Settlements ; and in all these vital questions Mrs. Emma Hahn takes a deep interest, as sympathetic as it is practical. She is as charming and womanly in her personality as she is vigorous in her work, a rare combination. Beside the breeding of sanitary hogs, Mrs. Hahn has successfully raised turkeys, bees and fruits. The enterprise of Angora goat raising bids fair to eclipse all other ventures. But these interesting details are for another day. In her love for country life Mrs. Hahn is not alone; others have tried it, and proved it was not only good, but better than many other things. It is said that every farmer wants to be a school teacher, every school teacher wants to be an editor, every editor would like to be a banker, every banker would like to be a trust magnate, and every trust magnate hopes some day to own a farm, and have chickens and cows and pigs to look after. We end where we begin. And so indeed the old cry Back to Nature is heard on all sides, and there seems to be a real hunger among the wealthy for the genuine freshness
636
CRAFTSWOMAN
IN
AGRICULTURE
and simplicity of living. Dutch cottages, bungalows and camps are replacing country palaces ; stuffy furniture, bric-a-brac and the so-called luxuries are being superceded by the greater luxury of living amid simple surroundings, with the birds, streams and woods, but Mrs. Emma Hahns message has a deeper significance. Mrs. Hahn pleads that the coming generation of children shall not be turned into so many automatons, compassed by the variety and number of books passed at the percentage of ninety-eight. She wants to see the children taught the use of the plane and mortar, planting seeds and watching them as they grow, the little ones given a chance to grub in the ground and make mud pies, then, perhaps, may be relegated to the past the pathetic child of Tom Hoods story, who had nothing to play with between the walls of the tenements but two bricks and a dead kitten. When ten million of our inhabitants live in dire poverty, when seventy thousand people fill its jails, when it is estimated that in the United States to-day more than sixty thousand children are working, half-formed, half-grown, play-loving children, going short of food and air in the streets of sorrows, there must be something decidedly wrong with our systems. And so the message comes from the hills full of strength and courage and practical suggestions calling to the workers in the crowded cities to come and plough the fields, and learn there the many thousand simple ways of living and working. In her last address, before the Connecticut State Grange, Mrs. Hahn said: If boys and girls the world over can be encouraged to get back to the soil, by any words of mine, let them go forth with a blessing to all.
TO IMPROVE MORTUARY SCULPTURE: THE CEMETERY IN THE HANDS OF THE LANDSCAPE GARDENER AND ARTIST
T the present moment there is taking place at Wiesbaden an exposition which has come into existence mainly to promote improvement in the art of mortuary sculpture, held under the auspices of the Wiesbaden Society of Arts. It is with much justice held that the statuary and sculpture of the graveyard should keep pace with the progress which is shown in other branches of the sculptors craft. Our grandfathers showed much more fertility in invention and much more resourcefulness in execution in their memorial monuments. The exemplars which they left for posterity to gaze upon are still copied with tedious fidelity by their grandsons, and up till 1880 no new ideas can be said to have been generally adopted. To call the generally prevailing style of to-day one barren of ideas and without soulfulness is to describe it with leniency. It was left to the German sculptor, Hildebrand, to impart some life and poetry to an almost decayed craft by combining architecture with the plastic art. There are not wanting, however, other pioneers in new forms and tastes who deserve well of their brethren of the world of sculpture. We present these examples of German style to our readers, about each of which it may be said that if it does not quite idyllicise Death, at least gives to the Pale Ghost a breath of poetry, which removes from the mind of the spectator much of what is so morbid in the suggestiveness of the average mortuary monuments. The work of the architect, Langheinrich, of Munich, consisting of a memorial design after Bocklins Shrine of Hercules, can best be appreciated by a study of the accompanying illustration. No more poetic resting-place can be imagined for the remains of a being who has played an heroic role in his transitory passage through life. One can easily fancy that in some class necropolis of old such a tomb may have enshrined the ashes of a warrior or orator who had carried the fame of Rome or Greece to the furthest bounds of the known world. The marble tomb is enclosed by walls built of solid blocks of rough granite surmounted by a simple capital of white marble, underneath which grow clematis, creeper and evergreen, their offshoots hanging upon the eaves of a gateway heaving embossed.
638
FAMILY ZIESEL
VAULT AND
IN
GERMAN
RENAISSANCE
STYLE
FRIEDRICH,
ARCHITECTS
I : /. I , .. . -, , . _:,. . ..I. .j .
c .i : ~_
-.,
..-. -
.:111
From Dmrrrha Kumr und Delornrian Lmrhhrinri<h of Munirh. Archim: AN THE EBRRSWALDE FAMILY OF DESIGN MAUSOLEUM CLEMENS AFTER ERECTED FOR SCHREIBER BOECKLINS
MEMORIAL SHRINE OF
HERCULES
TO IMPROVE
MORTUARY
SCULPTURE
ORE grandiose, but hardly less poetic, is an Eberswalde mausoleum erected for the family of Clemens Schreiber. In outward form, the facsimile of a temple, one can imagine it, adjoining an Acropolis. With the Grecian outline there is intermingled a hint of Egyptian art in the decorative triplices which hang down from the sub-capitals of the chariform projections at: either end of the pile. With a terrace covered with exotic evergreens and a chain, the emblem of sanctuary, the whole combines into an effect of a classic temple which has the idea of an inviolable last resting-place. This is the work of Johannes Baader, of Dresden, and it need hardly be said that this example of his has found numerous imitators. The columns are of polished white marble, the rest of the monument is of rough granite. A much simpler monument is in the German Renaissance style, with center panels and columns of polished granite, each column surmounted by a statuesque female figure, bearing a wreath and draped in the classic style of the classic mourner, wearing the wimple characteristic of the walking chamber. At the base is the tombstone with its ponderous rings of iron, the mourning tone being further accentuated by the nether-paneling of black marble. These three types will afford the reader some idea of what is being done to raise the mortuary art to something higher than its present dead-level of soullessness and often unmeaning tawdriness. If money is to be spent to celebrate immortality, then it would seem that a dual purpose should be accomplished, and that mortuary sculpture should be planned to add to the attractiveness of a landscape rather than to be allowed to sadden the spirit of even most impersonal beholder.
641
A SUMMER HOME ABOVE THE CLOUDS

MONG the peaks of Mount Wilson, high above the golden dust-haze that veils the plains and valleys of Southern California from the time the rains cease early in April until they begin again late in October, some ingenious men have built a summer home for people seeking to escape from the scorching heat and pitiless brilliance below. It is not a hotel, it is not a camp-and yet it is both. It is cottage life with all the bothersome work of housekeeping removed and all the freedom and seclusion left undisturbed. The site of it is scattered all over the mountain-top, so that the selection of ones surroundings is as free as in an individual camp, and yet other people are near enough to take away the feeling of loneliness and desolation that so often comes to civilized man-and so inevitably to civilized woman-in the remoteness of the high mountains. On a plateau large enough to give room for the necessary surroundings is the central building-the hotel, if it can be called a hotel. This is a low, widespread bungalow, and contains only the office, livingroom, dining-room, kitchen and four bedrooms for the servants. The building is primitive in style, as it should be, and might almost have grown from its rugged environment. In fact, to a large extent, it has, for it is built from wood native to the mountains and is shaped to endure the mountain winds and storms. Even the larger pieces of furniture were made on the mountain-top, for everything brought from shops and factories had to be carried on the backs of sure-footed little burros up the steep and narrow trails where no wagon could pass. The big living-room is a gathering place for the camp, but it has no hint of the ordinary hotel parlor. Comfortable lounging-chairs, tables strewn with papers and magazines, bookcases filled with books, and smaller tables for those who wish to play cards make it more like the living-room of a country home. The rafters and beams of the ceiling are exposed, and the walls are wainscoted to half their height, the space above being covered with burlap. The woodwork is all in the natural color, burned with a plumbers torch to bring out the grain and give diversity of color. A plate-rail finishes the wainscot, and above this the burlaped wall space is strapped with thin strips of the burnt wood-a very Craftsman-like treatment. The ten-foot fireplace is built of rough granite, the rocks used just as they were quarried from the mountain, and the generous logs that smoulder always on the
642
BURRO
TRAIN
OF FQR
LUMBER HOTJZL
AND COTTAGES
FURNITURE A AT GROUP MOUNT OF
SLEBPINGConAcES
WILSON
GENERAL COLONY A
DINING-ROOM OF COTTAGES BEDROOM
FOB
THE
SINGLE
BUILT
OF MOUNTAIN
REDWOOD
THESE ALL THE AND
SLEEPING-COTTAGES THE MOUNTAIN IS OF THE ABE
ARE RIDGE SIMPLEST
SCATTERED
ALONG
FURNITURE THE WALLS
BURT-APED
TEE GENERAL.LMNGRODM IS A GATHERINGPLACE FUR THE CAMP THRRE IS A CO-OPERATIVE DINING ROOM IN THE LARGE BUNGALOW
A SUMMER
HOME
AMONG
THE
CLOUDS
hearth give a touch of warmth and comfort that is very grateful in the chilly evenings that are a peculiarity of the California climate. The dining-room is finished in the same way, with sturdy tables of the burnt wood. It is the bedrooms that are scattered over the mountain-top-forty of them, nestled here and there among the trees or in the shelter of a where it contains peak. Each cottage is merely a bedroom-except two or more for a party that wishes to be together. The form and finish is the same as the central building, except where stains are used on the shingled walls or on the woodwork of the interior, to give soft, dull tones of red, mossy green or yellow to the burnt wood. The furniture is of the simplest, and the walls are burlaped to tone with the woodwork. The mountains are thickly wooded with pine and redwood, and these woods alone are used both for the buildings and for the interior woodwork. An immense variety of color tones is possible with these two woods under burning or a thin stain, and there is no monotony in the treatment of the cottages. All the cottages, while comparatively isolated from each other in position, are within easy walk of the central building, and life on the mountain-top may be as exclusive as life in ones own home. It is like co-operative housekeeping, with all the work done at a common building ; all the convenience of hotel life is there for those who wish to avail themselves of it, and yet there is no sense of herding under the roof of a large caravansary where more or less restraint and formality is necessary. One steps from the door of ones bedroom right into the forest, and any one who fancies sleeping under the trees is at perfect liberty to do so.
647
CRAFTSMAN BER VII.
HOUSE, SERIES OF 1906:
NUM-
LIVIMG -KIM-SH*WIMG-EMD-OI:-DINrrrG-RIME-----
has been selected for presentation in this issue of THE CRAFTSMAN. It is a perfect bays, the recesses square in plan, or projections of upon the and is designed with the utmost simplicity. attractiveness entirely and the No are seen, deproof
HOUSE
CRAFTSMAN
very typical of THE idea of architecture
of form, is given by the wood trim, which is of chestnut not too dark, stained to a soft brown, and showing the strong of A brilliant touch wood, painted
markings of the grain. the porch, pure white. solid, giving durability, of boards. hanging which
is seen in the short, sturdy columns are of
As in most of THE CRAFTYare round and and much greater strength
exterior treatment
MAN houses, these pillars
pending portions
the perfect
skilful will
as well as a better structural built up The rafters of the porch, as the widely overwhich
mass and spacing. the line elevations balanced and the absolute arrangement
A careful
study of
effect than the square columns well as those supporting roof,
show the wellthat marks
of the lower part
symmetry
are left uncased, carrying A note of
the design of the upper story and the roof. The building is of moderate size, thirty-six front feet square, exclusive of the porch, which is twelve feet wide. rather than size. for metal the walls lath. is The
out the effect of solid construction marks the entire building.
warm color appears in the red brick floor of the porch, and is repeated in the chimney pots of red clay. chimney, The foundation of the house, and the visible portion of the are of rough ashlar, split and fitted together. The first floor of the house is divided dining-room and into a living-room, kitchen, and the second, into a sittingA room, three bedrooms and the bath.
The effect of roominess in the interior is due to arrangement The cement material plaster on used
cement is left in its natural gray color, and the roof gray.
648
is of white cedar shingles
left to weather to a similar tone of silvery Color accent, as well as emphasis
CRAFTSMAN
HOUSE,
SERIES
OF
1906:
NUMBER
VII.
ENTRANCE-DOOR WITH BUILT-IN
AND SEAT
STAIR-LANDING BETWERN
CRAFTSMAN
storage-room in the attic.
HOUSE
NUMBER
color shine. gives To a rich
SEVEN
subdued effect of that it,
and the maids bedroom are The cellar is large, dry and for a hot-air generator
seems to fill the room with reflected sunmoderate the warmth a cool the ceilings white.
MAN
well lighted, and is fitted with a laundry, toilet and place and coal bins. As there are no partitions dining-room, in the main part of the lower story, the living-room, and the small entrance hall a recess in the livingis of that is merely
are tinted
greenish
The entrance door is a typical CRAFTSdoor, broad in proportion to its height, with mullioned The stair landing lights in the up-
per part and a single broad panel below. is near the door, leaving space between the balustrade and the wall for a built-in seat. This landing is
room, are all treated alike as to woodwork and color scheme. The woodwork chestnut stained to a soft tone of green-
ish
brown,
and is very
attractive
in
low and broad, only two steps from the floor, and the staircase runs up to the right, screened by the wainscot and the grille above it. The landing is lighted by a casement set rather high in the wall. To the left of the landing is a balustrade of slender, square-edged spindles, relieved by open spades shaped like long nels. At the top of the wainscot whit r screens the stair is a similar grille, low. the open spaces corresponding Opposite in beshape to the panels of the wainscot in seat, under which is placed
simple in design as the exterior of the house. A sixfoot paneled wainscot extends all around the walls, needed. and projects into the room wherever the suggestion The walLspace of a division is above the wain-
structural
effect, although
scot is treated in a dull gold color, and in this instance is covered with canvas, although equally good effects may be obtained with plain cartridge or ingrain paper of the same color, or with a coat of paint, stippled to a dull, velvety finish, on the plaster. The use of this
the door is another builtthe hot653
CRAFTSMAN
HOUSE
NUMBER
lighting
SEVEN
the staircase and giving a decorative feature to this side of the room. Another large, and by with square beam marks the division between the living-room -a division emphasized the wall, height open of dining-room the paneling above. posts the and These that is further
placed two or three feet from the wainscot,
spaces
spaces give opportunity for most effective touches of decoration in the shape of quaint brass or copper jars, or earthenware jugs filled with flowers. Perhaps the most attractive corner of the living-room is the fireplace. Being seems This extends to
the ceiling and is very broad. flush with the wall, it a part of it. The and hearth are
mantel-breast
both of red brick, laid in black cement, those of the mantelbreast

I FIRST FLOOR PLAN
laid
cross-bond,
and
the hearth bricks flat, with the broad side up. The fireplace opening is low and wide, capped with red sandstone, and giving ample room for the andirons of wrought large landscape yellow, like iron. A decorative of three with a bit above is the panel moss green formed
air outlet, screened by a copper grille. The wainscot forms one end of this seat, and the space above, between the posts, is left open to the ceiling. A heavy beam runs all around the room at the ceiling angle, and elsewhere beams are used only when absolutely necessary to mark divisions- or to emphasize of structural elects. The beam that divides the hall-recess by chains posts, from the spaces the double from the rest hanging of between the purpose
tiles in tones of golden and brown,
touch of vivid dark blue in the posterriver that runs through To the left, is a built-in below. The of the, landbookcase scape. and at right angles bookcase the wainscot, show the
the room has two lanterns serving
to the fireplace, with cupboards extends
to the height
and the doors of the cupboard
654
CRAFTSMAN
single broad panel, with escutcheons of wrought armor-bright finish. The entire principal feature room is the sideboard rear end of built in, and includes and glass-fronted display pieces.
HOUSE
pulls and
NUMBER
ventilated. provided receive the range, odors of cooking.
SEVEN
and an extra flue is All the woodwork is
The fireplace is built out to in the chimney to carry off the
iron in the soft of the dining-
that occupies the This is the room. drawers and cup-
of chestnut, stained brown and given two coats of lacquer so that it may easily be cleaned. The wainscot is three feet high, and the wall above is of cement finished in a hard white enamel. On the second directly floor, the stairs lead upper hall. into a large room instead of the customary
boards below for dishes, linen and silver, cabinets above for the of cut glass and other treasured At the back of the open space in the wall is tiled Above, casement
the center of dull
with square, matt-finished tiles gray-green. the whole wall space is taken up with a row of windows extending across the whole end of the room, and balancing the row of windows that lights \the front of the living-room. The diningroom is lighted at night with a group shower swinging of THE lights-tiny free in
CRAFTSMAN
BCD KOOM 18 I a&g
K5T
This room is fitted for an upstairs sittingroom. The woodwork
lanterns chains of
wrought iron from the circular ceiling-board that corresponds in form with the round table below. brown, green, The rugs on the floors golden yellow and curof both rooms are in tones of
and the window a light,
tains are of golden
creamy
crepe material, with figures in yellow, apple-green is provided, larger than and pomegranate. As no pantry the kitchen is
usual, and gives space for all necessary is well cupboard lighted. room. It by four
SECOND FLOOR PLAN
large windows, and excellently
655
CRAFTSMAN
HOUSE
NUMBER
SEVEN
FRONT
FLIWATION
is of chestnut like that of the lower story, but instead of the wainscot there is only a baseboard. plain white. cases, ingrain The wall is papered paper of a rich with mossy
linen, The
well color
fitted
with for
cupboards
and
large drawers. schemes are all warm and cheerful. plaster, moulding with of ceiling ivory and the bedrooms One has frieze of a
green, with frieze, and ceiling of greenish Ample space is provided for bookand the room is furnished seeming with chairs, giving to a place
walls of old rose, either paper or tinted warm cream-color, of the woodwork. and the plain picture enamel like the rest The curtains in this and the bed embroidery All brass, maaccessories are of of
small tables and lounging a quiet and restful room. All the bedrooms wood, enameled
that may be used as a study or a sewingare finished in white tone.
room are of white muslin, cover and other fabric pure white with touches
to a warm ivory
and applique in old rose and green. the metal work is of hand-finished and the furniture room is dull-finished has the walls hogany. Another
The doors are of chestnut, stained light brown, and the floors are of hard combgrain pine, stained brown to match the doors. All the rooms are of ample size, and plenty of closet room is provided. There is a linen press for household
paneled
with Japanese
grass cloth of a soft yelshimmer that
low tone with the silvery
656
CRAFTSMAN
characterizes this material. and frieze are greenish furniture in this room
HOUSE
The ceiling The white. is of brown
NUMBER
SEVEN
furniture is in brown fumed oak and the bedstead of du&linished brass. The bathroom is conveniently placed between the sitting-room and one of the
fumed oak, and the rug shows a yellow tone that harmonizes with the walls and is relieved with a good deal of soft grayblue, as well as darker tones of yellow, tans and browns. are of natural ventional copper, &th escent glass globes. unbleached design The electric fixtures opalare of a conin graystraw-colored The fabrics linen with
bedrooms at the back of the house, with a small hall that opens from the sittingroom, furnishing munication the only means of comwith it as well as with the
A screen stands at the enhedroom. trance to this hall, cutting it off from the sitting-room the available and staircase. space beneath In the attic the roof is
embroidered
blue. The third room has the walls papered with a two-toned The frieze landscape designs, The stripe in soft browns. and the ceiling curtains, is in shows one of the woodland bedcovers, and the rug The
utilized partly for a storeroom and partly for a maids bedroom. and well for ventilated, tractive retreat The latter is cool and is both atas a personal with house-
and comfortable
a woman tired
deep cream. etc., are of gray homespun,
hold work. The cost of this house as estimated approximate8 $7000.
shows tones of green and brown.
SIDE ELRVATION
657
HOME TRAINING IN CABINET WORK: PRACTICAL EXAMPLES IN STRUCTURAL WOOD WORKING: SEVENTEENTH OF THE SERIES
RUSTIC ARM-CHAIR in the Cabinet Work Department of the
HE
rustic furniture
that appeared
July CRAFTSMAN has met with so much favor and there have been so many inquiries for other designs that Mr. Stickley set of outdoor furniture has decided to publish a series making The value of of weathering sun Its rough and in the present number and three more in September, for porch or garden. is not wholly that it is durable and capable in joining,
of rustic models-three all together a complete this rustic furniture
and rain alike, but that it makes a special appeal to the amateur carpenter. exterior bides defects carefully prepared lumber.
and there is not that need of well-seasoned
is in the unfinished exterior.
A part of the beauty of these rustic Craftsman pieces They are especially attractive with the bark on; and in carpentry.
the bark of a cedar pole will hide many shortcomings
MILL Legs Arms
BILL
OF STOCK
FOR GARDEN-CHAIR Long 30 in. 28 in. 28 in. 28 in.

15 in.
Piece No. ............................ 4 ............................ 3 ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-. . . . . . . . . ..................... ........................ 4 4 7 7
Diameter
el/ in.
el/ in. 21/4 in. 2 in.
11/zin.
Seat rails Stretchers Seat 658 slabs
Back uprights
24 in.
2 x 1 in.
HOME
TRAINING
IN
CABINET
WORK
SEAT PLAM
-22
97 -
>
659
HOME
TRAINING
IN
CABINET
WORK
RUSTIC VERY picturesque
SWING
SEAT piece of furniture is given in this
A
orchard
as well as practical rustic swing seat.
model of Craftsman
It is a sort of combination couch and hammock, and can be swung from the ceiling of the porch, out in the from a stout branch of an apple tree or in the living-room the best wood to use in rustic furnishing; suggests, can be effectively employed. if the bark is left. And if combined of a camp or but a variety White birch
bungalow. Cedar is unquestionably is particularly hangings picturesque point of soft wood, as the country
with dull green off
or mats on a porch will afford a charming color scheme. in this furniture would is the way in which it is smoothed lessening add to comfort, and this, without in any
An excellent
where a flat surface
respect its picturesque quality. The use of wood with the bark left on not only appeals to the person who likes to relate outdoor furnishings to Nature; it also has a very practical defects in joining, furnished lumber. value to the amateur cabinet-worker. Its rough exterior hides and likewise does away with the need of well-seasoned, carefully This outdoor furniture is put together with stout tenons, and of for it must stand rain as well as sun, and is intended
course no glue is permitted,
to last as long as the porch or garden itself.
HOME
TRAINING
IN
CABINET
WORK
aLo-----------
~ESIGM-PoK-A-J3U5TIC *SWING -SEAT 3LLX

MILL Piece Front posts ....................... ........................ ......................... ......................... ........................ ..................... Back posts Seat rails Seat rails Back Arms rails BILL OF STOCK No. 2 2 2 2 2 21 2 10 19 FOR SWING SEAT Long 14 in. 24 in. 90 in. 26 in. 82 in. 15 in. 27 in. 15 in. 24 in. Diameter 21,~in. 21/z in. 21/z in. 21/z in. 21/ in. 2 in. 21/2 in. 2 in. 2 x 1 in. 661
Back uprights
............................
..................... End uprights Seat Slabs ........................
HOME
TRAINING
RUSTIC
IN
LOW
CABINET
TABLE
WORK
HE value of this rustic furniture in harmony with the landscape to injury much less liable from
for outdoor use, is, not only that it is more than highly finished furniture, the elements, but that it is is and if well constructed
almost as durable as the trees from which it is made. The construction is of the simplest, yet made strong with mortice and tenon and the bark is left on no finish is necessary, table top is of hewn board to furnish and even when the surface for Where The
stout pins. silvery-gray.
poles are peeled the weather can be trusted to furnish a delicate hue of permanent a smooth lamp, books, basket or tea service.
MILL
BILL
OF STOCK No. 2 2 4 4 1 4
FOR Long 38 in. 50 in. 32 in. 20 in. 48 in.
TABLE. Diameter 3 in. 1 3 in. in.
Pieces ............ Legs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... Stretchers . .. .. ...... Top boards .......... Top rails I ............
23/4in. 2y2 in. in.
46 in. x 89$x1
HOME -\ i----
TRAINING i
IN
CABINET
WORK
-- - ---m---c--
FRONT
48
SCALEOF= - SNCHES o4t 4. 6 e 10 ,L II ,L .s I.!.!;!:!.!.!.!.!.1 661
ALS
IK
KAN:
NOTES:
our
REVIEWS
has worked other and wealth rapidly nations the people toward have of undoing.
ALS IK KAN
own pride, through it is history worshipped
there have been another pregnant of of this with new ideas, changes year. present important
HIS many
country fateful if
has passed years, in all its
but
other nations have striven for its possession, but in no other nation since history began has the worship of wealth and the headlong, breathless scramble to win For in no other nagab3
doubtful
six months so so prophetic zeal itself with with
as the first half The
it been so universal. from
tion has it ever been so easy for any one, the lowest to the highest, to vast riches and their attendant power-
which the nation has busied the task of housecleaning dition have undermined that in which it has found
and the conits abode and apathetic
or political. The social, commercial standard of private honesty has always been low in nations noted for great commercial success, and we have been no exception to what seems to be an inevitable result keeping if doubtful this fact methods have crept And, into our buying and our selling.
patriotic proposed form.
confidence in things as they are has made difficult every or political repeople if their social, economic
which heretofore
But now, 8s never before, to try new methods,
are beginning necessary avail.
to think that it will be is to be of any or pub-
in mind, and rememper-
strenuous housecleaning
bering that with us the people are directly responsible have been people for the government, series of haps it is not surprising that there should that long govern88 to be But in mental scandals with which the American have become so familiar to their significance. calloused
Here and there, all over the counthinker some theory and discussed have it is Everybody that
try, by one or another newspaper lic man or private or suggestion been accorded is beginning is set forth to it before. to understand
with a respect which never would
the light of the revelations
of commer-
worth while to consider
with fair minds
cial methods which have been made during the last year it is matter for surprise and mutual congratulation In this universal, and lives cold that our ofpoisoning of ficial life is not worse than it -is. our minds have we shall have to will
p8St.
and a willingness to be convinced not only every effort that has been made to solve social problems in other countries, but even such theories and schemes as heretofore have been contemptuously dismissed as harebrained. Our basic from those of problem differs radically for any other country,
work out our own cure.
But there will future
to be a cure or the
merely repeat the experience of the have to be a conviction of sin--of of prosperity-poison-born of many millions of people, not mans most worthy
with us the trouble at the bottom of it all is that we have been poisoned prosperity. tinguishing chief 664 That marvelous by our in increase
And to bring about that cure there will illness,

souls
into the
material wealth which has been our dismark among the nations, the cause alike of their envy and our
and a realiAnd the
zation of the fact that to gain riches is aim.
ALS
IK
KAN:
NOTES:
of the sion.
REVIEWS
Inter-State Commerce Commisin But those bodies have found
quickest, easiest, and most efficient means of reaching that result will be, not by attempting impossible fortunes cning of to make over again the charthe amassing of enormous acters of men and women, but by making to gain this end. Which means,
the past a way to nullify
every law in-
tended to curb their powers and it is not in the least likely that in the future they will fail to find aid in injunctions court courts brains reviews and and and appeals of to the the cunning best skilled and ablest in the higher
also, the lessening
of poverTy, the lessof hundred8 of all, it
of crime, the increase of comfort the humanizing of mind
and of health, the uplifting thousands, and for
minds
United States. The suggestion has already been made that the federal into the production competition. of government in should buy oil and coal lands and enter oil and coal, order to make sure that there shall be The New Zealand government began the state mining and selling of coal as the surest means of fighting a coal mining and shipping trust exactly similar to that which exists in Pennsylvania. cated There may be no suggestion railroad problem beesuse of faire in it the we shall for the solution of our huge and complipeculiar conditions which in our fatuous of lakes
is necessary to study with humblenessof heart effort openness human whatever has been betterment The
made elsewhere. we forget,
more completely
in view of our present shame,
our past pride and stiff-neckednees, the easier will it be to achieve new conditions. THE CRAFTSMANpresents in this issue the first instalment of a study of social in New Zealand, and economic conditions
which is just now of peculiar interest because of the widespread feeling that we in this country must try other economic and political methods than those to which we have so long been accustomed. est of the sisterhood of nations, New but in for Zealand is one of the youngest and smallview of what she has accomplished
pursuit of the policy nigh become
have allowed to develop until it has wella question of which eat the other, the government or the railroads. But the idea is worth trial bv which are dissatisfied municipalities with private ownership of public utilities. Municipal suit municipal country disfavor competition better ownership. would than For probably undivided we in this Americans
the good of her people there is no other that should not be glad to sit at her feet and Much learn of wisdom of her counselors. seems to a peculiar of what she has done crisis,
have, in our present and direct significance
are so imbued with the individupon any suggestion of shiftto the
for the people
ualistic idea that we look with instinctive ing initiative government. from the individual
the United States. Especially is this true of her method of controlling all corporate one power another by govthat at ernment competition. congratulating Just now we are
The New Zealand method that fits both with nor disand personal
seems to be a compromise For it does not interfere courage private initiative
that temper and our present necessities.
last the powers of some of our huge corporations have been broken on the wheel
ALS
effort. and
IK
KAN:
NOTES:
Zealand. labor
REVIEWS
But the workers have gained Organized in that other fought the
It merely halters private greed makes possible a more general private achievement. There are many who doubt that commercial activities could be carried on successfully proved vice. land public in this country moral is the life. without an imserher and of New Zeapurity of probity status in our public remarkable With
it all with scarcely an effort. takes no part In country. Australia, on
in politics
hand, organized
labor has fairly
its way to the front, has gained the balance of power in parliaments, forced the legislation which It has succeeded in bettering and so has it wanted. the condiBut
One of the wonders less of
tion of the workers in many ways. social, economic and political, Doubtless spects in large the difference
single-mindedness tive experiments successful. At
and devotion would any
to duty less
the present state of affairs in Australia, is not such in these reis due beThe as other nations care to emulate. between the two colonies populations.
among her officials, doubtless her legislahave been rate, in Australia,
where New South Wales has tried many of the New Zealand methods, there have been at the same time more dishonesty and less success. Almost every one of the government commercial enterprises in New South Wales is or has been under investigation, edness them. with revelations of crookall of and dishonesty in nearly
measure
to the difference
tween their respective
people of New Zealand are orderly, lawabiding, respectful of one anothers Those of Ausrights in high degree. tralia are no more willing to obey laws which do not suit their individual venience than Americans conhave come to
But if the author is right in the that the purity that, since of New Zeadue and fur-
suggestion to the fact controls prevents tunes,
lands public service may be largely the distribution the acquisition the headlong of of wealth large of
be since the craze for wealth has so posIt is our wellsessed the country. beloved national theory, our general conventional country spectful belief, that there is no other are so rein which the people
the government
pursuit
wealth
is discouraged so poisoned
and mens minds are not
by the lust of money, there
would still be hope for us in the curbing of the present limitless rewards of commercial effort. The workers planning organizations, which are in order to have what of to go into politics
8
States. none in which there is greater effort to make inefoverturn, evade, nullify, fectual legal enactments. which do not
of law as they are in the United But in actual practice there is
suit the convenience of individuals or In this matter it is corporate bodies. particularly our lesson of the New Zealanders. class can flout its legal meet for us humbly to learn For enactments and
ameliorative secure much to learn from
legislation, study
when, in 8 free nation, any citizen or any find ways in which to disobey them with impunity, that nation is on the high road to destruction. It is our surpassing
has been done in New Zealand and Australia. In no other country has legislation done so much for the bettering life 666 for the working class of as in New
ALS
IK
KAN:
NOTES:
a
REVIEWS
EW an YORK influence matter written undoubtedly on which and national chiefly gathered exerts life inby
shame that so trite and so self-evident
thing needs to be said in free and intelBut it does need not ligent America. only to be said but to be shouted the housetops and ground hearts and minds of the people. But let us mend our ways and force obedience tremendous to the laws we enact, and that moulding power of law, to effect Zesfrom into the very
which is not wholly for the nations good. The ban printed product fluences men who the country-at-large are more is an urto the
accustomed
clamor and alarums of the city. Even the farm journals are prepared where cobbles fret the earth and where vegetation struggles struggles, order of through a citys grime. Yet the influence of New York overestimated more of because in and of civic the present to hear
which the writer of this article draws attention in respect to its formative upon the character of the New landers, will come to our aid.
The habit to sink good is by con-
frets, and worries are greatly things we are bound
of orderliness, of willingness private pleasure in the general formed, like any other habit, stant practice,
them than of other influences.
and until, as a nation, we
It is a good sign that our people try to know and to right the wrongs of the day; it is a step in the good way when the country cries long and loud for a change from the evils that have, slow but sure, grown up about us. Yet it is none the
take more kindly to practice of that sort we can not hope to achieve much in the bettering of our commercial omic conditions. and econ-
A
ment, forth
showing
another
phase
of
this Comsets
less true that too much stress is laid upon the bad and scarce enough upon the good; the thought keeps grows that the happy man who on his way with the one aim to is doing
same spirit that makes for reform, here an editorial from which so simply and strongly the power of individual
we reprint
right liv-
make home and friends
ing and thinking in the ultimate shaping of national ideals, that we wish to give it to our readers just as it stands. For the recognition of the work THE CRAFTSMAN is trying to do, we are grateful, but still more do we appreciate this able presentation of the ideals and standards upon which the magazine is founded and upon which its very life depends. the confusion and clamor of sensationalism, an occasional it is encouraging Amid modern to find
more for the advance of the country and for the real advantage of the nation and the race than he who works himself a frenzy over real or supposed them. and is at the same time power to aid in fighting without into the dangers Few of
us, indeed, are fitted for the role of the reformer, and it is likewise true that few men are so aptly chosen by fate for their appointed tasks as the real heroes of reform. It is ever a repeat of history that Caesar had his Brutus, Charles the In our own day First his Cromwell. the slums have their Riis, the halting law its Jerome, and the menace of monopoly its Roosevelt. For the most of us the
evidence of the undercur-
rent of sanity that is wider, deeper and stronger than any one realizes, and that ultimately will bring about a purer and more honest national life.
ALS
IK
KAN:
NOTES:
REVIEWS
For the evils of an Eweryappealing to of solid
best thing to do is to give our support, the strength of our thoughts, words, and acts in the effort to hold up their hands to the doing of the work which fate and their characters have given them to do. This is not to say that we actively enter the lists to fight, nor even to engage as squires to the knights of our cause. cause, to watch sheer force the jousts, Suffice it to most of us to understand that and by the and our own of our beliefs
shrieks of those to whom sensationalism is an end. bodys or 8 Cosmopolitan, from
the shallow, there are magazines worth undeviating sanity and culture. only
MAN
their course of
While it may be nncall attention to the
fair to many to single out the few it is needful as widely to Atlantic Monthly and to THE
CRAFTS-
similar publications.
different yet essentially Bethink you what
right living to give that spiritual yet potent strength that comes to the arms of our champions when they know they fight the good fight and have back of them the beliefs and the hopes of <the best of the people. In this our modern day let each man do his task, make his home croft, his life himself proval. Nor unsought clean, his hands gold. free from soil of ill-got keep the
a little force, after all, is the clamorous one, and realize that the irresistible compelling strong, march of progress and is silent, becomes that you but parin the truth-compelling,
more so just in the proportion -and every other individual, ticularly you-order your
ways
walks of men, and keep your hands clean and your conscience clear.
Let him so comport friend or the be in as to
that his dearest
one who loves him best may give full apThen indeed will reform is this a mere platitude Unknown the land and evil be forgot. what we should do. to many, by
NOTES
of many more, this very thing of corruption have quietly which have determined
daily
N the 16th day of the reading paused accounts in its
last month, world of the
and thinking perusal
is going on, and many men appalled the evidences been unearthed
sudden
of battle, murder and death, and turned aside for a
time to do homage to the memory of the Rembrandt, the Termaster-painter, centenary of whose birth was fittingly observed on that date. As so often happens in the case of the worlds great souls, Rembrandt, shrine the entire worships, after to-day, the patronage had art-loving only at whose now burial for the for to world
to make their lives more sane, their acts more strictly aligned on the side of truth. We are prone and the to read the sensational magazines papers sensational
that are flaunted at us; we can scarcely escape them. writing than But there are other men Upton Sinclair, putting
a paupers struggle
a heart-rending would
their pens to words and thoughts which may not now make a stir in the field of what is known as literature, yet are sure to outlast and out-value the sensational
of men, who, were they alive vie with each other So, it was
possession of his works.
reserved for this day and generation
ALS
the artists own time. Antwerp,
IK
KAN:
NOTES:
of
REVIEWS
make up for the lack of appreciation
quick to interpret the needs of an artistic soul like Remhrandts. She had seen much of artist life before sympathy. her marriage which gave her an unusually ready With her death, the sun set but it is good to record to him want, nor did for Rembrandt,
his native town and Amster-
dam, where he spent the latter part of his life, have clone him honor in the form of celebrations and memorial of tablets, Remwhile the rest of the world has done its best to show its appreciation brandts articles famous life, some ful life years. Rembrandt admirer of was first, last and ever an women. His mother and his wife, his at the home Jan CorRembrandt worth paintings in exdent of and reproductions magazine his most
that, in the deepening shadows, when the estate which his wife bequeathed dwindled and he faced fail. absolute his hand never lost its cunning, his ambition
and sketches.
know
He paid to the memof working as
In looking back over the great painters it is good to years of that and he knew sweetness content-
ory of the woman who had been his inspiration the tribute though she were still by his side.
ment,dating until
from the time when beauticame into his after an ideal, of eight her death,
Saskia van Ulenburg
N the death of Jules Breton, the noted French one of genre painter, which oc-
though all too brief weddedlife
curred at Paris on July 5th, the art world loses the best-known of its great and most painters. universally
loved
Like many another genius, Jules Breton was of humble origin, gaining his present fame through the technical merit of his work and the human tone that pervaded his subjects. He was noted for veracity of detail, as well as for grace and vigor of conception and execution. In 1855 he first attracted tention in the Universal Paris, with his Les Petites Paysannes Epis.
stant
sister were his first models; inspiration. and of wealthy her cousin Frisian the girl
He first met the beautiful dominie,
nelius Silvius, whose portrait
painted in meditation over an open book. A whole new world of thought and action opened up to him. ship. He painted her again and again during the days of their courtOne of his drawings shows Saskia with a hat on her head and flowers in her hand. Under it he has written an inscription on the Later, which tells that this is his wife third day of their betrothal. of her with a sprig expressing life was
general atat and Les salons as
Exhibition
Glaneuses, Consultant
Since then he has been a concontributor has won as wide to the various artistic popular many honors
and well
appreciation.
he painted
Among some of the best known works of his earlier prime, may be mentioned La BknCdiction des cleuses, Un Grand des Bibs, Le Le de Rappel Sar1Eglise Les La669 Gleneuses, Soir, Les
rosemary held over her heart, which was the maidens way of tance and betrothal. Rembrandts and inspirer, accepideal. but
married not only
Con&ration Gardeuse Pardon
His beautiful wife was a perfect comrade self-reliant,
doignies, La
de Dindons,
Breton,
ALS
vandibres, Jeune
IK
Fille
KAN:
NOTES:
REVIEWS
La Glaneuse, Vaches, Les Commuuiantes, Le
Gardant des Le Soir, Fin du Tra-
who are not in touch with what the future citizens of this country are doing toward that end, but J. Horace McFarland, Civic Associain a recent America why for I am and president of the American nition to juvenile address Children. Now preaching girls. A putting
some will
du Berger, and Les vail, LEtoile Dernieres Fleurs. Most of these are well known, but there are scores of other works of equal merit. A mere list of titles would be tedious. During his long and active career M. Jules Breton was the recipient medals. He carried first class at the Universal of many of off a medal of the Exhibition
tion, has given the most charming recog influence on Beautiful
wonder
such things
to the boys
Ill tell you why. few years ago some good women up large iron cans for waste
1867, and the medal of honor at the Exhibition of 1872. Decorated with the ribbon of the Legion of Honor in 1861, he was promoted to be an officer in 1869, and a commander in 1889. He was eleeted a of Fine and Les member of the French Academy the Fine Art Academies Stockholm. tinction as a poet. His
began to clean up the city I live in by paper and asking people to put in them not only the waste paper, but banana and orange skins, and such things as had been making the streets nasty. boys and girls about helping. remembered what was told These ladies Of course, them. My went to all the schools and talked to the the boys and girls were willing, and they own boy was one of them. One day after that my boy went with me to the postoffice, and as we walked from along the street I tore the wrapper
Arts in 1886, and was also a member of at Vienna volume, M. Breton also achieved disattracted much atakin to that with so pohis dun of
Champs et La Mel, tention, revealing imagination, tent a charm. autobiography, he spoke affording
a power of perception,
and expression
which endowed his painting
In 1890 he published with the title Vie frankness
a magazine and threw it away. cl You mustnt do that, papa, said the boy ; the ladies told us it is wrong to throw loose papers in the street. I was ashamed, and I picked up the paper, boxes. than I. This putting My boy it in one of was the iron a better citizen
Artiste, Art et Nature. with delightful
In this volume life, thus
the details of his daily village which dominated temporaries
a clear view of the influences his art and inspiration, and instudy
and also reviewed the work of his conwith both eloquence a comprehensive forces after sight, furnishing of the principal ment in France period of 1848.
convinced
me that the boys and
girls had a great part in making things clean, and as I think about it, I am sure that children can do a wonderful work for this great country that weall love. Most of the dirt is made a little at a
in the art movethe revolutionary
C
670
HILDREN
as missionaries
in the may be
time--one paper in thoughtless
tin the
can
on
the That
dump, is, to
one each make
cause of civic improvement
street.
a new and almost absurd thought to those
person
helps
ALS
IK
KAN:
NOTES:
REVIEWS
none the
If the children-the America dirty. boys and girls who will in a few years be the men and women would soon of the country, it, would do a little toward cleaning up, we be all stirred up about and America Each the stuff children to plant would get beautiful again.
gan to show a subtle, though
less real influence at work. Cheap, gaudy chromes were replaced by sightly Copley prints, famous portraits, art and inexpensive paintings, began nightmares. photographs of statues, buildings, the old-time
to replace
girl can try for a cleaner place Each boy can help keep of the off the street. /Many some vines or flowers,
about the home.
Then came the day when the child brought proudly home his first Indian basket or piece of pottery made by his own hands. good taste. Carpentry, The house berug-weaving and
can easily induce their parents and it
gan to take on a look of refinement and metal work followed in the home. The next important step was teaching first principles of civic improvement such as Mr. McFarland refers to. Children are nature-lovers ; they have a natural eye for the appreciation beautiful, ing as when their hands are employed something of that counts. are a The
gooa
would be nice to have one tree planted each year by each child, or for each child. + 9 * * + * All my message to these children, then, is to get them to do two things. and school; the street; First, to clean up, and keep clean, about home pick up papers and boxes on take care of green growing
closely
and the re-
sult of this training soon became evident
of their own, if possible. and home people,
trees and plants, and have some flowers Second, to talk trying to get them to
of the in doboys ex-
and they are never so happy
about it to each other, and to their parents help. As a matter of fact, a great deal of very effective work has already been done by children toward beautifying of the interhomes. public the iors and surroundings schools directly, directly their
gardens Company
the National at Cincinnati
Cash Register
ample of what is being done out of doors by the younger generation, assisted and encouraged the future womanhood by a right-minded community employer. The influence of this early training upon when these chiland It is not to dren shall have grown to manhood is inestimable. the older generation
For this, we have to thank and, back of the public-spirited have prevailed of education
them, in-
men and woupon boards in the school pictures than of the
men who, with the backing of clubs and associations, of education tial feature course. No sooner were blue-print famous paintings, into introduced children-yes, came from school work of statues and buildings to include this very essen-
that a state should
look for the effect of its reforms. Those who belong to the good old times, dislike to admit that their taste has been wrong and dread to take up new ways of doing things. But their children, with alert, progressive minds and fresh enthusiasm for whatever interests them will wield the strongest kind of inlluence for the civic improvement of to-morrow.
walls of the homes from which the poorer and many well-to-do those who too, hefamilies,
ALS
IK
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NOTES:
tered
REVIEWS
through the book, illustrating
Seddon, which occurred as the magazine was going to press, will have a serious effect, it is not unlikely, New Zealands Sir Joseph farther aud economic legislation. Ward, has with the liberal ministry having been Minister Postmaster-General, Commerce served Seddons successful as and and Industries. Acting-Premier absence. upon progress in social His successor, been identified for some years, of Railways, of Mr. He has also during Minister
HE death of Premier Richard John
the various pieces in the collection and giving views of the different rooms, each done in a period The garden to full-page of style. are given over of views in the while the last seven pages illustrations Talbot
House
frontispiece shows the house itself, a long, low, rambling structure with many gables and red chimney stacks, the main part of it being only two stories in height and covered with ivy, vines, and roses. (The Talbot of J. Taylor Carving Collection and Arts. of 139 Furniture, Branches pages. Putnams Wood Other
He is pre-eminently of his
a business man and has been exceedingly in the administration several portfolios. structive But he lacks that adwhich made Mr. He
the Decorative New
Illustrated. Sons,
Published
by G. P.
venturous quality of mind and that conimagination Seddon the man for the opportunity. is entirely in sympathy doubtful ernment
York and London.) the plan and in A Arthur by
F labor were to follow I capital of Knight Newell, the past nificance. tween Trusts the Toilers,
with all that the
to heed the warning
liberal party has done thus far, but it is if he will wish to lead the govinto farther experiment.-
strikes would soon be things of and trusts sink into insigThe story, while taking up topic of the struggle between works bethe and Labor,
[EDITORS NOTE.]
the well-worn
REVIEWS
Capital
G
other pieces
and the Unions,
out the if the found. of
P.
PUTNAMS
SONS
have
problem on lines that are original, wholly sane, and not at all impracticable right leader of men could be Such a leader is Trevor, the toilers. road his
published a de luxe book on the l remarkable Talbot J. Taylor of furniture, of wood-carving decorative and arts the
collection
the knight
branches
Trevor has had his training and so, knowing and to apply of the
which will be of especial interest and importance to students of periods in furniture or ornamentation. The entire book of 139 pages is devoted to detailed in descriptions the L. of I. of the various collection Honse, and from wonderful One
under Pattison, the head of a great railcorporation, knowledge Trusts methods, he is able to profit by it, after the the employ, to the work of Perania, becomes which
leaving Pattisons organizing little battle You mining
the laborers town
amassed by the owner at Talbot Cedarhurst, eighty-seven photographs 672 beautiful half-tones
hundred
ground for the opposing forces later on. Trevors battle cry is organize. can move a crowd to act as one
the originals
are scat-
ALS
man, once ;
IK
KAN:
NOTES:
REVIEWS
not only to yield to them as with on equal
the author makes him say, you can move an army always, and SO through which they graduTo quote from It was a idea was
the Trust is forced a power
their demands, but to recognize to be reckoned
he forms among the miners a sort of an organization ally come to have a secure and recogon Organiytion:
The possibilities of such an orterms. ganization as Trevors deserve serious thought, and the book, while not particularly noteworthy is interesting (A Knight Newell, as a piece of literature, worth by Pa.) by F. to who sugconreading. Arthur by F. L. and well
nized financial standing. the chapter financial
system whose moving
that of getting capital ahead, of making assessments while earnings were good, in contrast industrial to the custom of coming to an battle with an empty treasury on the money that might
of the Toilers, Published
870 pages.
Marsh & Co., Philadelphia, 4
and depending
be begged from workers elsewhere. * * * The thought that acted as the chief lever was, of course, that of a great battle ahead for mens rights; strongly prepared for battle; yet, rising of being above that idea, the larger one of being strong as that class who were the enemy were strong-strong which capital in money, in capital, and in the independence implied. and power
HURCHES
and Chapels,
E. Kidder, is the third edition of invaluable and building committees
a work which has proved architects
have charge of the erection of sacred edifices, containing gestions interior churches gether as it does practical arrangement, as to their
struction and equipment, with plans and and exterior views of numerous of different denominations, towith the arrangement and cost. Mr. Kidder of this ediby F. E. Pub-
These paragraphs sound the keynote of the book. In another character, Pendleton, leader laborers, Trevor methods is of a radical Trevor relief faction as a of. the rival to introduced
There are 200 illustrations. has died since the publication tion. (Churches 177
and Chapels,
Kidder,
pages.
Illustrated.
to throw
and his saner and the dis-
lished by Wm. T. Comstock, New York.)
into bolder
cussions between the two men throw some very strong side lights on the subject. In the end, of course, the Trust, represented by Pattison, rises to crush the men of Perania, methods of who promptly violence, they go on strike. purchase a Instead, however, of resorting to the old great tract of land and turn to its cultivation, thereby giving employment to all while the battle is on and blocking food lines. supplies The by tying the scheme of the Trust to deprive them of up the railroad miners win their fight and
RAND Doat,
Feu Ceramics, by Taxile will interest CRAFTSMAN of -ceramic The hook is a compilation Doat, which appeared Studio and during 1903, completely alone in and illusit is a
readers to whom the subject art appeals. potter, The Taxile
of a series of articles by the well known Keramic
is so beautifully trated authors I thing of beauty. Foreword
that mechanically
A quotation from the is the best evidence
of the interest and value of the treatise. write these articles with the view 673
ALS
IK
KAN:
NOTES:
from
REVIEWS
the accustomed bonds of the gento acknowledge are few aside who the take
of assisting individual artists who are devoted to ceramic work and to render homage to the glory of the Manufactory of Sevres, to which I have belonged the last twenty-six years. for As a ceramist
erally accepted faith, the thinking Christian of to-day is obliged satisfy would and while be willing there to that the old-time teachings have ceased to throw
does not exist without his kiln any more than a violinist without his violin, I have established at my residence an experime a Ilmental laboratory gratifying amics, lustrated. where I win from the (Grand The Feu CerKeramic
poetry and romance of the bible legends any more than they would willingly away from their children the delightful
fire the wares which have brought success. by Taxile Doat, 200 pages.
belief in Santa Claus, yet they must for truths sake, consider these now only as legends to be cherished and remembered maybe, but no longer to be adhered to as articles of faith. Science, of course, is responsible as Herr for Pfleithis psychic progressing, awakening, religious
Published by Studio, Syracuse, N. Y.)
T
Otto
0 treat of the origin of Christianity from a purely historical stand-
derer proves, and because science is ever thought must necessarily progress with it. Yet even Herr forty Pfleiderer, after his confessed years of earnest study, is not so radical as to count valueless the early beliefs and theories. There is no reason at all why the history valueless ; guides stop. It is just this attitude toward the whole subject that makes Christian Origins so convincing. The basis of the authors whole argument is the discovery of the great church-historian, Ferdinand Christian Baur, who, a halfcentury ago, dared to apply to the history of Christianity the thought of evolution which had long been normative science. tianity, it purely in every other department of Of course, in applying Herr Pfleiderer the prinof the past should be held it contains the signs and hut not the final we ought to at which
point, with full justice to the subject and offense to none, is the object Pfleiderer Origins, has Christian for which his published
the outcome of pub-
lic lectures delivered by him at the University of Berlin. This book, says the author preface, readers tional feelings because as feel satisfied by in his
has not been written for such the tradichurch-faith. It may hurt their them in their for that, for every be sorry
of the eternal
and the highest
easily and confuse I cherish
convictions ; I would honest faith.
a respect
It is in this spirit of kindliness that the author approaches his important task: that of eliminating side of Christianity the purely traditional and of putting it on ground of He will
the surer, because reasonable, historic and scientific evidence. undoubtedly in Christian ful ground, world 674 Origins for,
find that the seed he sows will fall on fruitstories of the much as the Christian
ciple of evolution to the origin of Chrishas approached side, for, as from the historic
loves the familiar
new testament, hard as it is to cut loose
ALS
he says: approached the church principles so long
IK
KAN:
NOTES:
was of
REVIEWS
as the problem it was impossible. religion
with the presupposition belief,
something for men to lean on rather than them to uphold. (Christian for Origins, Translated A. Huebsch, by Otto Ph.D. by Pfleiderer, 295 pages. B. W. D.D. Price from the German by Daniel Huebsch,
He therefore
goes back to foundation and through Greek through Jesus its in
of the Christian
shows first its preparation
and Jewish-Greek philosophy, Judaism, and finall/through highest realization,
Publisbed $1.75. New York.)
to its foundation
the Messianic Congregation. Then follows a discussion of the formation of the church, as necessary an evolution the first unformed inception of Christianity as the forming was an essential outgrowth tribal organization. The author points out clearly the fact that so long as the Bible was regarded by the eye of faith as a source of edification, without testing its separate books with critical understanding, the Christian lethargic world remained in a sort of but, when state of contentment; from early
E
tion.
VERY
once in a while something
the public new on the
may expect
ever-interesting
subject of Arctic explora-
All kinds of theories as to the loca-
tion of the poles have been advanced from time to time, but it remained for William Reed to declare in his Phantom Poles that these long-sought of the ends of the
of the state of the early
earth do not exist; that, in fact, the earth is hollow. If nothing convenient, the failure of else, the theory is at least any of the explorers so for it gives ample excuse for More than that, It may to
far to reach the poles.
it sounds sensible in many instances, and, as the author says in his preface: be surprising, and many or ridiculous seem wonderful
in the seventeenth century men began to give the subject some research and study, it became apparent that the reports of the New Testament son of concerning the perChrist are by no means so har-
to others, but I see
nothing to hinder it. Many of the Arctic phenomena, like the water sky, a condition of the Arctic heavens where on cloudy so accurately water poles, for days the sky of that explorers warmth acreflects the condition the country the open of the surface
monious as church faith supposed. No one who reads the chapters on the apostles can fail to be convinced of this truth. It is a forceful appeal to reason and can not fail to attract widespread terest and thought. To tear loose from the bonds in which the organized still is our problem, conclusion. the honest was before church has so long says the author in in-
depend upon it; the Aurora Borealis, and and increased are very near the logically
counted working
by this theory,
the author from the re-
held the Christian world has been and Yet there is not an iconoattempt of a searcher after it:
out his conclusions
ports of the various explorers, from which he quotes freely. (The William Price, Reed. $1.50. Phantom of the 288 pages. Published Company, Poles, by Illustrated.
clastic note in the whole book. It is simply truth to restore Christianity Church forms to what it
by the Walter 675
paganized
S. Rockey
New York.)
OUR HOME DEPARTMENT

THE ART QUALITY OF SMOCKING
T
found of Of
HE
first up
craze among so
for the
smocking English ago

was
and
poetry.
And
these
frocks
were blue
sprang
worn by grown
up men as well as the
peasantry
many
years
little lads, who stared with round
that the date is not easy to quote accurately. brought The revival of the fashion London soft about some two or three years women who for any kind fabrics. has been it a novel trimming made of a little
eyes and hearts aflame at this same daring Robin and his bold men as they rode through gentle English villages. Now, of course, there were differences between everyday field and bench smocks and beautiful and green girls listening smocks made shadowy smocks for riding to fairs to of brave somber those for sermons boys in and were the holidays.
ago by fashionable frock
pliable
course, for
smocking
done now and then ever since the first fashion years. The it, but it has never really until the last few of those far been a second craze English
cathedrals ; especially little rare
peasantry
These early English days were not times of much finery for little folks, women did not do much embroidery frocks. or hemof and stitching decoration patterns on small The utmost
away picturesque the fashion orative ago-as story of
times, not only created but originated Many years
for smocking ornament.
the name of this most sensible and decdress one should always begin a Medieval times-a workmans England coat was called a a shift; it was cut linen in a green-
allowed was the gathering at the neck and sleeves, for and
the little blouses and aprons into pretty even this was not solely fullness
gooa
ornament, if beauty
blouse in Merrie like a long beautifully
but also to do away with bulkiness where was required, could be gained it was that much extra fortune. But what mother, even of the simplest having an excuse to prettify
smock or sometimes pajama woven
and made of
homespun
fresh grassy hue called Lincoln
the color Robin Hood is always pictured >n when riding through English woods in those days of making English 676 history
times,
little smocks would not make the most of it? and then quiet her conscience by
SYOCKED
ENOLJSH FOR LITTLE
PEASANTS BOY
APRON
A
"ROBIN
HOOD BLOUSE" GREEN LINEN
OF SMOCKED
LINCOLN
SMOCKING OF THE
IS THE
BEST
EXAMPLE IN DRESS MAKES CLOTHES IT
SELF-ORNAMENTATION ELASTICITY FOR
OF SMOCKING CHILDRENS
HEALTHFUL
INDUSTRIAL MADE FROM
ART FANCY CRAFTSMAN
WORK DESIGNS
OUR
remembering work. an ornamental the practical grew And so the fulling way
HOME
end of her
DEPARTMENT
piled up, meaningless, expensive decoration. And smocking is perhaps the best example of self-ornamentation in the dress-makers will shrink that can world. be sighted But England smock
of smocks in to be called
smocking, and from a little shepherd lads apron it found its decorative way down dresses the of centuries great to adorn and princess fine linen And ladies
It is also graceful linens
and economical. and children and to but for tucks
will grow, as the peasant women of old knew to their sorrow, a shift was not only green lease of to add a life; as
slips of Twentieth
Century babies.
the wisest of fashionable the pretty simplicity of decoration drawn work and
mothers value this old time Many because others,
charm to the little to insure smocking larger it a long
garment,
more than much fine lace and embroidery.
can be let out just
mothers, however, like it solely it is new (so old that it is new), because it is fashionable
can be, and the stout little smocks made year by year, as little lads grew and heartier a stouter chest. the smocking a modern should, and little While and nice of little was a who much to be brawnier maids acquired looseness lesson does which
or difficult to
obtain, but the woman of real taste and fine feeling about the decorative value of it affords to obitself, which smocking likes it for its genuine art quality, for the opportunity tain ornament of other from for the material trimmings,
on the other hand the fullness blouses gave to growing to many not, but
children mother attribute
and the doing away with the sewing on stuffs more often than not do not decorate and only add weight and bulk. If place, a material is beautiful says the wise modern in the first woman,-
delicacy in childhood to tight little coats and over-fitted waists. Nothing could have been better for the English peasant boys and girls than the smocks that left muscles of throat, arms and chest free to stretch and grow and help make the strength of the nation. In those old times it is safe to surmise that smocking simplest was done in the easiest, was no hunting was only way-there womans economy
why must it be hidden with other materials in order to be fashionable, why must a pretty silk be covered with braid and beads, and pretty chiffon with laces ? If a bit of gauze is lovely, why not carry these show the gauze, or if the dress is to be lace, why must that be made to silk and ribbon? And usually, superfluous additions
about for new patterns and new stitches, the peasant she gained children, thought for the tidy little fullness out of which
are made to cost
and health for her for a mo-
more than the actual material, both in time and money. To get the utmost beauty with simplicity, in life be beautiful beauty, of to let each thing in its own way, and
and what prettiness she could;
but it is not to be supposed
ment that the modern woman will take smocking as lightly as this ; she must improve, she must be original, invariably work. and almost more
681
with the chance to reveal all of its own is surely a far finer expression of art, than art, the real intention
she must make herself
Indeed there is danger of smock-
OUR
ing becoming
HOME
DEPARTMENT
chance? these are that Hood you tales, call smocking resent will in honey-combing, Robin and you may
a fad, and of our invent-
ing so many new stitches and variety of styles of gathering, that we will make out of this simply effective for method of decoration The a delusion the eyes and department used,
and you of
know some very pretty little stitches and patterns which were unheard Robin Hood days, and you will regard smocking as fancy-work and you will do it beautifully. But for those who dont know quite so much about it a few words here about the practical end of smocking will not be out of place. of smocking ly. In order to do any kind well, the utmost care must may be with the the
a snare for the hands. illustrations in this show a number of ways in which simple smocking including can be most effectively a real little English a graceful smock for but easily
a boys play-apron, smocked princess frocks course, materials sure soft, terial wools liberty for girls. English we whether
gown and some pretty For modern smocking, or American have stitches), of effect folds (for of originated the softer to and to asSoft silk, for
be taken in the first place to space evenThe section to be smocked or or are marked chalk made in to 05 the in creased thread dots lines
Americans are invariably
some new smocking avoid a clumsiness clinging from and escapes velvet
preferred
direction where
smocking is to run, and then on each line indicate catching board together is done. If preferred,
where the maliberty are
the gathers. pongee, crepe
and chiffon,
the spaces may be marked by using cardmethod. for all fabrics. Soft, loosely-twisted embroidery silk cotton for smocking woolens and silks, and the as is preferred in the English This marking method will do but sheer and delicate-hued
exquisite
materials for any style of smocking; summer time wear-linen
and lawn and are flexible to graceful fashionable blouse days, of the same full
fine muslin, batiste and wash chiffon and all the new wash silk-muslins enough to lend themselves smocking effects. If of you want to be green very just were
best quality of French embroidery
indeed you will have a smocked Lincoln forest linen, fresh when hue of Robin forests Hood
for washable goods are the best for this purpose, and a double thread should never be employed. and the thread Two or three overnot be broken. and-over stitches suffice to hold the folds, should The silk or cotton may be of the same color as the material or of a contrasting color, and frequently are introduced two or three colors effect. to sober not be a to to give a brilliant
English
bright romance.
And it will be of coarse blouse. It would to call
woven linen, and you may even speak of it as a Robin Hood be very original it a smock that most people little informal. If
682
and interesting
instead of a blouse-except wont know just what
Beads often lend their brilliancy the goods large. smooth in color the of but should lining
garments, and they match or differ from Under section honey-combing is needed
you mean, and if they do it will sound a you come from New England the
OUR
HOME
DEPARTMENT
the time when the smocking But the charm of and may be let and large out or a larger sized frock substituted. economy frocks, healthfulness and small, smocked
prevent it stretching, and between this lining and the smocking a piece of crinoline shaped like the lining is usually placed to give firmness. Only the outer edges of the lining need be caught to the smocking. Diamond fants ity. smocking is quite extensivebecause it is ly used for the yokes and sleeves of ingarments, not only ornamental but on account of its elasticThe advantage of the latter quality as every one babies and growing will be readily appreciated, knows how quickly yielding
are not the most important
consideration in the presentation of this article. It is rather our purpose to show the genuine art quality of smocking as a dress trimming, by furnishing for a garment a tasteful, graceful ornament which is not applied, but has sprung out of the material itself. but wholly
THE
It is not as an novelty, art of
children get beyond the limits of the un= portions of their little garments, and the elasticity of the smocking gives room to the little, growing body, up to
evidence of thrift or of fashion that smocking appears
as a phase of industrial in the pages
CRAFTSMAN.
INDUSTRIAL
ART
FANCY
and as lasting door joy.
WORK
as tan, roses and out-
INCE
the article on fancy work, pubmany letters have reached interest and art, a
lished in the May number of THE expressing
CRAFTSMAN,
And the wisest woman of all writes: I have found fancy of out that the most sensible work, which is at once b-autiful an expression the debework deart is made after earnest
this department sympathy
with the idea that fancy work and inconas a part simple and
should be ranked as an industrial thing not to be done lightly siderately, but to be regarded
and lasting, and genuinely industrial The same
signs of the Craftsman workshops. Craftswoman came so much interested in fancy broidered number of pictures that her a variety of Craftsman
of the decorative scheme of the inside of the home, and a beautiful, permanent part. 11 want my house homey, womens, despairingly, life to it: joy all the wrote Though one
which is an art, that she not only emlike other woman and ensigns for herself and others, but had a to show of the of
practical
but I can not sacrifice my I appreciate and brightness decorative
them photographed description might
her success to THE CRAFTSMAN, sending with a brief experiences materials and colors used and suggesting prove value, as they undoubtedly gusted fancy and discouraged work. must, to the
value of pretty fancy work, I value even more, time to read with my husband and play with my children, listen to good music, and make a golf record now and B en. If I am to have fancy work, it must kind be of the true industrial stands art for, that THE
CRAFTSMAN
many other women who are at last diswith the waste of time and money involved in traditional
OUR
HOME
DEPARTMENT
grouping of three feathers done in natural hues. This spread was designed to be used with tapestry paper and peacock rugs and draperies. A short time ago Mrs. Greeley had in her own home an exhibit of the variety of industrial art work which she has trained herself whether from same-a through to do. from Not a little of it was reCraftsman were models, her own you but or felt produced
Mrs. Greeley, whose letter we have just been quoting, and whose work is illustrated prefer in this article began her letter by saying: designs I not only and materials houses with style and furniture. in this as foldiningto and a to Mr. Stickley Craftsman for my fancy great success
work, but in the past year in Craftsman Craftsman
or so I have been redecorating furnishing with
One of a set of curtains from a Craftsman model, which is reproduced article, 1Mrs. Greeley completing describes a peacock lows : In have
the designs
the Syracuse seeking simple
workshops, to express
that the impulse of the designer was the beauty If she methods and in such a
room I found specially
that it was necessary designed portieres
way that it should be durable. work it would probably Dont Think ! do fancy
mantel curtain in order to keep my color scheme. I selected as a background canvas. russet tone Craftsman At the
were to preach a little sermon on fancy read as follows: by tradition. work
foot of each curtain I placed a four-inch band of green canvas of the same subdued tone; standing erect from the green band was a straight of bronze peacocks row canvas, eye of peacock on feathers silk. couched was
Before buying materials for your handicraft, think if they will be in harmony with the kind of house you live in, if they will be durable, if pu can contrive in the work to get the maximum of beauty by the expenditure of the minimum of time, if you will be the better for the work, a shade nearer a truer, simpler standard of living. To really create fancy be an achievement have got conscience, to use your ctherwise work that will art you and your be worth And fancy one year as brain in industrial it wont
and edged with a fringe The
of yellow-green stained
black and plum, with a high white light, over a bloom linen of blue and green. The stems were a cream soutache braid, and the feathers were really quite perfect enough to frighten the curtains in the room. A second piece of Mrs. Greeleys handiwork is shown in the illustrations. the superstitious; yet and cost very little money
are as durable as any article of furniture
doing or having or keeping. work that is not as beautiful
it is another, that exists only to express the fad of the moment is not worth the smallest fraction of the time or money Not one single that can be put into it.
It is a table-spread of deep cream Craftsman linen with various designs in the corners. In the first and third corof two tones
of
thing in the way of creative endeavor is worth while that will not stand the test of time, that does not contribute ful for some definite purpose to th: growth of the creator, and that is not usein life.
ners are pomegranates reddish canvas appliqued pomegranate 684 floss.
on in a darker and
In the second
fourth corners is a repeated conventional
THE
CRAFTSMANS
OPEN
DOOR
SUGGESTIONS
OF INTEREST TO HOME-BUILDERS AND HOME-MAKERS
W
effort, There useless. largely general silly. lines, steady
ITH
August
the
advertising to be dor-
question is supposed
mant or at least on vacation. about this letting up of which is being more each year. advertising and of ear-muffs these of in August, majority is entirely are and would not any be however,
There is a fallacy
clearly recognized which mid-summer Skates in In
are, of course, certain lines for
demand a large
advertising however,
business or less and it is
there is a more
demand the year round
just as important to keep before the public at one season as another. important, continually claimants trenched pushing to the This point is is new front for in this age competition
for public attention, and the old, no matter how seemingly well enin the minds of the people, will be routed and forgotten without the aid of seasons, and these
of persistent advertising. The wants and needs of the people go right on regardless wants and needs are going to be supplied by somebody. That tinuously somebody advertise. WHO is more than likely 23 8 concerned with the charThere is in their cigars. to be the man or the firm who con-
TO SMOKERS ARE
Smokers are, of course, primarily acter and quality of the tobacco a sanitary
PARTICULAR
side to the question, though, which is very imby Herbert D.
portant, and none the less so because it is a side little seen and seldom investigated. The perfection of conditions is attained in the cigars manufactured Pa. policy of Shivers, 913 Filbert Street, Philadelphia, in this manufactory
No
The order and cleanliness maintained the concern, and a welcomed. stock and the responsible and
are a part of the high-grade who is really particular
personal visit and inspection

CRAFTSMAN reader
is not only invited but cordially
about his cigar
manner of their handling can afford to miss the unusual offer made in the announcement in this issue. you are offered quality. f% The statement is convincing, the firm thoroughly a chance to smoke the cigars without cost, as a test of their high
OPEN
RUGS USED known. LIKE GRANDMOTHER TO MAKE
DOOR
an unmistakable return now-a-days articles were to unYou ManPa.,
Theres
the simplicity and dignity of our grandmothers times when machine-made homes where the painted hand-woven, of in colors and
Do you remember those cool, clean, old-fashioned rugs like grandmother used to make, They
floors were covered by the rugs that grandmother can get to-day ners rugs, designs to harmonize whose advertisement with any furnishings.
wove with her own hands? are called

WEAVERS,
the Dorothy Germantown,
and are made by the OLD COLONY
will be found in the business section of this magazine.
WHATS A NAME ?
IN
Theres days of
a good deal in a name, as Shakspeare strenuous competition,
would
covered if he had been a twentieth-century
business man.
have disIn these personal
it means that a mans When
reputation as a dealer, manufacturer, claim Cabot convinced. combinations, Boston, Mass. for the goods in connection
or whatever he may happen to be, is behind his to the public. you see the name is ready
that he is offering
with wood stains, it means that this manufacturer
to vouch for the quality of his product and only asks you to try them in order to be The stains are made with creosote, which preserves the wood, and should Samples on wood and litho-water color charts, of artistic may be had free on application to SAMUEL CABOT, 141 Milk St., further recommend them,
ADDRESSED ARTISTS
DEVOE
TO ARCHITECTS of New York, materials
If you are an artist or an architect, this little paragraph may be especially timely. Its purpose is to remind those interested, that the F. W. Chicago and Kansas City, can supply you v&h of all kinds, from a brush to a drawing table. How about your oils and varnishes ?
AND
COMPANY,
Artists
DO
and Architects
They can supply it. These hints should end in your sending for you need a new drawing board? The their catalogue and this, no doubt, will result in your sending them an order. advertisement will be found in the business section of this issue.
Js your ink running low?
IF YOU
ARE
You. will find HUNT, very satisfactory Portieres,
WILKINSON
& COMPANY, of
DECORATING make furniture.
place to turn to for artistic work. and frescoers, electric
Philadelphia, a This firm and
not only are designers table scarfs, from sories of a well-appointed
but they also import
fixtures and all the other accesTheir good taste in home, may be had of them also. the fact they are our Philadelphia represents; and fittings, which may be seen
home fittings may be judged 686
tives and carry a full line of CRAFTSMAN furniture
OPEN
at their rooms. mates and color Philadelphia, HOW TO A FIREPLACE builder, that smoky Pa. BUILD Hints They schemes upon
DOOR
and will gladly to their J Construction, New York, published by the H. W. gives many valuable points address, submit designs, 1615 Chestnut estiSt.,
invite correspondence application L on Fireplace
COVERT COMPANY, of
on a subject so little understood by the average architect and fireplaces are the rule rather than the exception. No more awaits the builder of a new home than to find that his dream and friends around the glowing hearth fire, was only a
bitter disappointment
of sitting with his family
dream, because the mason did not understand fireplace construction and the result is--smoke. The above-mentioned booklet states that there is no excuse for a smoky- fireplace, the production except the excuse of ignorance, of a perfect fireplace really is. & Some people carnations J are so fond of their greenhouse roses and right through and shows how simple a matter Any CRAFTEMAN reader may have a copy of this booklet without cost, by writing the firm at the address as given in GREENHOUSE
the advertisement. THE IN AUGUST tiful, so queenly
that they keep them blooming
the summer-and after all there is nothing quite so beauas the rose, or as cheery and snappy as the carnation, but, of fresh and vigorous, so the new of course,
course, you want new stock for the winter, plants
plants are now coming along in splendid shape, and when next the snow blows you can have the fragrance and beauty of your flower friends about you-and, out of season vegetables for your table, too. A greenhouse must be constructed on lines meeting plant-growing
requirements.
It is not a proposition for a carpenter, but must needs be the work of skilled men and the sum of years of experience. The U-Bar Greenhouses meet all these demands and more. c as WHAT MAY CARPETS CONTAIN Before disease, pigs inoculated and seventeen with house-dirt, developed the Tuberculosis gave statistics Exhibition showing at Baltimore, forty-two Md., in 1904, Dr. Flick, the most eminent living authority that of twenty died quickly of an acute infectious good on that guineadisease
tuberculosis. of carpets,
The dirt came from
homes and not
from the slums or the houses of the excessively Such a condemnation cause every householder sanitary house furnishing. The catalogue advertisement to look toward
poor or ignorant. floors as the acme of Flooring modern
which retain the dirt, dust and germs should hardwood
and design book of the Wood-Mosaic in the Art of Parquetry
Co., will show you Floors. Their made in

687
the highest development
and Hard Wood
in this issue shows the class of work of which they make a specialty. with many beautiful designs, manner, at the cost of a good carpet.
The short purse can also be accommodated their most careful
OPEN
FOR ARE THOSE WHO BUILDING In this Mid-summer so largely
DOOR
season, when building and alteration is and handled as
being done, THE CRAFTSMAN feels like reminding New York City. This Stucco Plasterboard
its readers of a STUCCO BOARD manufactured by C. W. CAPES, 1170 Broadway, a foundation for Portland cement exteriors is superior to anything
else devised for
this purpose. It is a non-conductor of heat and cold, and as it will not rust, will last as long as the building. On account of its peculiar construction it holds the plaster properly trowel, fire-proof absolutely and for solid and requires a great only about half the amount effect, of material to of cover it, as is needed for metal. this reason Being very rigid, it will not bend under the in finished say nothing An added advantage is that it is entirely to studding, sheathing and furring.
evenness
freedom from liability to crack, is secured. and is easily nailed or applied By addressing
a postal card to C. W. Capes, at the address given, samples will
be mailed you, together with interesting literature.
PROPER FOR THE especially
BLINDS PORCH
This
is the season of year when the veranda becomes the
The thing which often most popular part of the house. prevents its fullest enjoyment is that of publicity. This is
shrubbery or other natural screen. sunlight. a catalogue This means gaining by dropping Vt. SCHOOL
true if the house is near the street or close to our neighbors and without BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLINDS solve the problem of air and yet exclude the adding your porch to the privacy and consequently
for they may be so arranged as to allow a free circulation available rooms of your house. St., Burlington, A WESTERN FOR GIRLS To-day
Any CRAFTSMAN reader who is interested may have Venetian Blind Co., 550 Lake E 8 education for women, only by the few. or society properly located at school for girls was a kind of experiment,
a postal to The Burlington
In the early days of the higher a preparatory frowned
on by many and patronized if a girl is to enter college

SCHOOL FOR GIRLS,
it has become a necessary The H.

THANE
equipped. pares The
MILLER
attractively
Lenox Place, Avondale, for foreign advertisement
Cincinnati,
Ohio, offers a special advantage with the regular
in that it prewill be
travel in connection
studies of the curriculum.
in this issue gives the address,
and other particulars
furnished to any CRAFTSMAN reader who will ask for them.
James McCreery & Co.

Upholstery Art Furniture and Interior Decoration
Orders solicited for furnishing and decorating windows, halls, single rooms, suites, entire residences, club houses, yachts, theatres, etc. Estimates, plans and sketches submitted.
New York and Pittsburgh
HUNT,
WILKINSON
& CO.
invite attention to their exhibit of fine CRAFTSMAN FURNITURE, a few suggestions of which are here shown. Outfits complete, including portieres, table scarfs, electric fixtures, lamps, rugs and the various pieces of furniture may be had either for a single room or an entire house. We are agents for the products of
The Craftsman Wodshops

We are also Designers, Frescoers, and Makers and Importers of Fine Furniture and Furnishings, including all lines of interior work and decoration. DESIGNS, ESTIMATES AND COLOR SCHEMES FURNISHED
CORRESPOh-DENCE INVITED
HUNT,
CRAFTSMAN SUtiGESTIONS
FACTORIES
WILKINSON
2043 5 Market St.
1621-J Ranstcad St. St.
& CO.
Chestnut Street
1615
I 1622-4 Ludlow
PHILADELPHIA,
PA.
Kindly
mention
The
Craftsman
ix
RECEPTION-ROOM
5 EAST 44th STREET,
AT
NEW
CANFIELDS
YORK CITY
The
floor
of
this
room
was
laid
by
our
New
York
Agent
TH
WOOD-mOSAIC
CO.,
9 East
32d Street
HE field is of solid teak laid in a narrow mitered herringbone design. The border was designed especially for this room by Clarence Lute, the architect of the building. The detail consists of panels of an intricate involute design made from dark and light teak, the blending of the brown shades causing a beautiful tortoise-shell effect. 91 Decorators of the highest artistic reputation find us prepared to execute their designs in the most perfect manner. 91 We have agents in most of the large cities who are flooring experts. Where we have no agents we will send such careful instructions and laying plans that a careful carpenter can lay the flooring easily. 9[ Send for our book of designs.
Wood-Mosaic
Sawmill
Flooring Co.
IND.
Parquetry- Factory, ROCHESTER, N. Y. and Flooring Factory, NEW ALBANY,
Kindly mention The Craftsman x
Rich and Harmonious Stained Effects in the Dining Room, Billiard Room and Den.
Bwfsteak Dungeon, Finleys Phalansferie, Clm&nd,
Ohio.
In the finishing of dining rooms, billiard rooms and dens in modern homes, the lover of artistic and softly elegant effects turns naturally to the beautiful Craftsman style, which offers unusual opportunities for working out rich and pleasing color schemes. Realizing the demand for a line of stains that would enable the Master House Painter to successfully produce a wide variety of natural wood effects, The Sherwin-Williams co. offer, after thorough experiment and test, The S-W. Handcraft Stains, which are particularly adapted to Craftsman effects in the rich and harmonious tones so much admired in certain schemes of decoration. A wide range of handsome and artistic color combinations can be easily secured by your Master House Painter and Decorator with Handcraft Stains-their rare tones, depth of color and transparency lend themselves to the work with the assurance of pleasing results. They do not obscure the grain of the finest wood but bring out its natural beauty. The Handcraft line includes eleven distinctive shades: Fumed Oak, Weathered Oak, Brown Oak, Cathedral Oak, Old English Oak, Antwerp Oak, Bog Oak, Tavern Oak, Flemish Oak, Walnut and Mahogany. We shall be pleased, upon request, Handcraft Stains on wood veneer. to send samples of S-W.
THE
SHERWIN-WILLIAMS
ADDRESS. 801 CANAL ROAD,
Co., SPECAL~%!H~~~sMAN
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
Kindly
mention Xi
The
Craftsman
you speak of a tenIcentWhen cigar you mean a cigar
that
costs you ten cents.
The same cigar is to the manufacturer a $40 per M,or 4c. cigar, to the jobber a *$50 per M, or jc. cigar, and to the retailera $60 per M, or 6c. cigar. Intrinsically that cigar is worth as much when the manufacturer appraises it at $40 per M as it is when the retailer hands it over his counter as a ten-cent straight. The difference between 4c. and IOC. is what it costs to get the cigar from the manufacturer to you along the oldfashioned trade turnpike with three toll-gates. Now, suppose you go to the maker of your cigars and say to him : Sell me my cigars at wholesale and Ill take them home myself across lots. I Oh, no, he will reply, that wouldnt be fair to the retailer who has bought my cigars to sell at retail
This Kind of a House

is the sort of one you can have divided in three compartmdnts and grow a surprisingly and vegetables. partments large variety The of flowers comdifferent
can then be run at different In the coolest, for intemperatures. stance, lettuce violets ; another and pansies carnations -and even and chrys-
anthemums, while the one nearest the boiler can be run hot for palms, general Think of tomatoes wide!
U-BAR ARE THE GREENHOUSES BEST GREENHOUSES BUILT
price.
I am a maker of cigars who has never sold a cigar to a jobber or reHence I am tailer to sell again. under no obligations to the trade. I invite the patronage of the man who objects to paying for the privilege of allowing a retailer to sell him a cigar - who wants to buy his cigars at cost, without the arbitrarily added expenses of the jobber and To prove that I actually do retailer sell my cigars at wholesale prices I offer them under the following conditions:
foliage of
and house having from 48
plants. bushels on a long and plants
seven
greenhouse 5 feet
bench
21 feet
because no other houses made such a record-none sunny, easy to heat, with curved
w
have ever are so
MY OFFER IS: -1 will, upon request, send one hundred Shivers Paoatela Cigars on approval to a Panatela reader of The Craftsman, express I ,yDc,,:,, He may smoke ten cigars prepaid. and return the remaining ninety at my expense if he is not pleased with them; if he is pleased, and keeps them, he agrees to remit the price, $5.00, within ten days.
The fillers of these cigars ate.clear Havana of good Cluallty-IlOt .Only Clear, but long. clean Havana --no They are /ran&~ta&, by the shorts or cuttings are used. much to do with the best of workmen. The makin smoking qualities of a cigar. c he wrappers are genuine Sumatra. In ordering please enclose business card or give personal references and state whether mild, medium or strong cigars are desired.
Shivers
have so low a repair house Send for our oughly practical, printing.
easy to work and The only cost. eave lines. thorbit of
new catalog-a comprehensive
Pierson
U-Bar Company Metropolitan Building 4th Avenue and Z5d Street

New York
has
Designers and Builders
U-Bar Greenhouses
HERBERT D. SHIVERS
913 Filbert Street, Philadelphia, Pa
Kindly
mention
The
Craftsman
xii
The PlanofYour New Home
may be safely left in the hands of your architect, but your own taste \ luld be reflected in matters of important decorative detatl. One of these is the selection of the Hardware Trimmings. Because they are permanent and prominent they are hardly less importaut than pictures and tapestries.
offers a wide range of decorative possibility, and the real economy of life long wear. Sargents Easy Spring Locks are most positive in action ; most permanent in service. Sargents Book of Designs enables you to select with surety and satisfaction hardware trimmings in keeping with any style of architecture or any character of interior finish. It is sent complimeutary.
SARGENT Q CO.. 158 Leonard Street. New York.
The Kobe Rug

An inexpensive rug, which shall be desirable in pattern and artistic in color, and which will furnish as a floor covering should, was not found till the Japanese printers and our own Colorists came together and produced our Kobe Rug.
The Shaiki
takes the form of the rag carpet through its similarity of weave. In every way an improvement however, its rich colorings make it a most desirable Dining Room or Library Floor covering. Both sides alike. A splendid piazza rug.
Our Mission Rug

also in rag carpet weave, is similar to the Shaiki, but lighter in weight and lighter in colorings. The dainty effects in this rug make it very popular for Chambers. 41 Many of the fabrics suggested by these furnishings are found in our collection.
I&Gibbon & Company

Broadway at Nineteenth Street New York
Kindly
mention
The
Craftsman
... x111
Compare this withwhat yea knowof metal lath or any other method :
STUCCO It can% It requires piss+ It i;;o$$ Bei board will last a8 lone 88 the honse. rust. about half the amount of material to 8s mt+l. and rwd and will not bend under the
JECTION
SHOWING
UNPERCUT
KEY
a dn conductor of heat and cold, it renderr 8 a ouse cool in summer and warm in winter. It is fire-proof. It ?;;~*y;*~g5+hdj;;f;y and can de applied to studding. It 1s easily a&d hoard
The 66STUCCO Plasterboard as a foundation for Portland cement exteriors of country houses, is superior to all other methods.
Samples mailed upon application
It has a perfort undercut key. Aroiutects who have used STUCCO recommend it to their fellows.
(7.
Wm
CAPES
Wm. Allen Bnkh, AmhE 6 W.cYfstSt..N. p. CVQ
1170 Broadway, New York, N. Y.
Doors that are Beautifuland Useful

Write 41 Beautiful doors make your home mre attractive, and add to its elegance and refinement. to-day for a copy of The Door Beautiful, a handsome illustrated booklet showing many new styles of beautiful doors, and explaining how you can know you get the quality you pay for.
g Morgan Hardwood Veneered Doors are beautiful in design, unequalled in construction and Made elegance of finish, and are made to correspond with the architectural features of the house. in Colonial. Renaissance, Empire, Craftsman, and many other styles for inside and outside use. Sold under a guarantee to replace, free of cost, any door that fails to give entire satisfaction. Q Architects and builders are urged to write for our 64-page catalogue entitled The Perfect Door. sent free where the request is written on business stationery.
Morgan Company, Dept. C, Oshkosh, Wisconsin.

, Distributinp Points : Morcan Sash & Door Co.. Morgan Company. Oshkosh. Wis. ; Morgan 22d & Union Sts.. Company. Baltimore, Chicago. Md. Ill.;
where shingles. unplanrd any other rough sldmg
boards or 1s used
xv111give
effects, wear
more appropriate and beautiful coloring better, c*,st less to buy or apply They arethe only sta,s than any other colormgs. made of creosote, and wood treated with creosote is not subject to dry-rot or other decay. Sa~~ples of stained Cuutulogue, sent free on I-epest.
2t10na, ana
SAMUEL
141
CABOT,
Milk Street,
Sole Manufacturer
Boston, Mass.
Kindly
mention
The
Craftsman
xiv
fTHE ,BURLINGTOI\I
[VENETIAN 13~biti.
MADE TO ORDER ONLY any size, wood and finish. scnafoor Free caiazoglu. Burllnzton.
BURLINQTON
550 Lake
VENETIAN
Street.
BLIND CO. Vt.
A HOMETHE
B EAUT I FU L p,ac::a+k
in our splendid book of designs, are marvels in house decotaOriginal lion. in conception, elaborate yet chaste in lines and contour, they offer to the discriminating buyer something that will add the finishing touch to library, drawing-room or dining room. i qA study of our illustrated catalogue will give you a new conception of how ornate, dignified and eminently pleasing a Brick Fireplace may be. This catalogue contains a wide variety of special designs, suitable to any style of interior decoration. A postal will bring catalogue. May we send it?
Your Fireplace
is the family gathering place on winter evenings. It should not be a sham afTair-it should be so built that the logs may crackle merrily and shed their warmth and glow around-but it MUST NOT SMOKE. -
47
We
Our
Hints
on Fireplace some the building
Construction informaof the fireplace. you a copy
will
give you
valuable
tion regarding
shall be pleased
to mail
upon application.
COLONIAL
FIREPLACE
CO.
THE
H. W.
COVERT
NEW
CO.
YORK I
2029 West 12th Street, Chicago, Ill.
266 Greenwich Street
Kindly
mention xv
The
Craftsman
0
hands
477 Tenth Avenue NEW YORK
NE
of the
most and
useful put those
proinis
ducts
recently
into the
of architects
intending
to build or re-furnish,
Sherwood
This grain means treated woods with of the beautiful metallic substance pressed it, so that instead entirely through of being a mere is the same
silver coating the piece all the way through.
Silverwood is extremely
for dainty either all interior work
effective where a
and novel result is desired, in furniture or in the trim flooring. is be as fireproof as made, and is no than Cuban ma-
or parquet
Silverwood
wood more hogany. polished, can expensive
It may be French waxed or dead finished, is required. architect to about it,
but no filler
Inlaid Work
Speak or write
to your direct
- SILVERWOOD
is new and specially
American Wood Staining

F. A AUFFERMANN.
Works
I+opidor
Interior Decoration
Our work is done in correct designs and reputed original our showroom always welcome.
LONG
ISLAND NEW YORK
CITY
Kindly mention The Craftsman xvi
lkross
TWILIGHT
Lake Erie
BETWEEN
AND
DAWN
The D. & B. Line Steamers leave Detroit weekdays at 5:oO p. m.: Sundaysat4:OO p. m. (central time) and from Buff&~ daily Rt 6:30 p. m. (eastern time) reachDit.ect coning their destinat.ion the next morning. Superior service nections withearly morning trains. and lowest rates: between eirstern and western states.
Rail Tickets
Available
on Steamers
All classes of tickets sold reading via Michigan Central, Wabash rend Grand Trunk railways between Detroit and Buffalo in either direction wilt be accepted for transportation on D. & B. Line Steatiers. Send two cent stamp for illustr&ed pamphlet. Address, A. A. Schantz, G. S. 81 P. T. Al., Detroit, Mlch.
UEKHARDMENNEN
TRY
CO., Newark,
(Ilorated)
N. J.
MENNENS
VIOLET
TALCUM.
[;iORNfM&
Most economical. healthful and satisfactory -for old or nm doomdifferent p~flern~ to match furniahirlgs -cutwear carpets. Stocka artied In Indinc cities. Prices and cataloeue of d&n FREE. THE INTERIOR HARDWOOD COMPANY, MANUFACTURERS. INDIANAPOLIS. IND.
Preserve Your Copies of Ine Craftsman.

our IF YOU WILL SEND US Y magazines, we will make them up in binding of leather and canvas for $2.00 a volume; or, Each book will bear THE CRAFTSMAN in CRAFTSMAN full limp leather for $2.50 a volume. device, our guarantee of Good h%kmansLip, which is stamped upon all products of our If you wish a handsome book, or a series of books, and at the same time to workshops. preserve your files of THE CRAFTSMAN, which are daily increasing in value as works of reference, send us your back numbers with instructions as to binding.
CRAFTSMAN
GUSTAV
STICKLEY,
THE CRAFTSMAN,
Kindly mention xvii The Craftsman
SYRACUSE,
N. Y.
This Craftsman Settle
Spells (I
Comfort
in Every Line
It is a noble example of Craftsman Furniture and is so thoroughIT well made that it should constitute a valued possession in any home
In Your Library, Living Room or Hall, this Settle would extend a cordial welcome and an invitation to rest too genuine to be resisted.
It is known as No. 210 and is made in Craftsman Fumed Oak. The height is three seven feet and depth 34 inches. Seat-cushion covered in Craftsman canvas or leather. The size of seat-cushion is such that only- one out of one hundred hides is large enough to cover it. This is our largest settle, and the only piece we ship knocked down. It is long enough to allow the body to recline at full leneth. The tenons projecting through the front and back posts are pinned, and form a pleasing decoration.
feet, length
Send for Catalog and Price List of Craftsman Furniture and Fittings, or let us know !ll where you live and well give you the address of our business associate in your city or section, where this settle and other specimens of Craftsman work may be seen and bcught.
GUSTAV
29
West
STICKLEY
NEW YORK
- THE
CITY,
CRAFTSMAN
and SYRACUSE, N. Ye
34th Street,
Kindly
mention
The
Craftsmae
... xv111
The
Adirondack Mountains
Are now about the most central of all the great resorts. They have through Pullman
sleeping cars from New York, Philadelphia, Boston, Buffalo and Niagara Falls, via the
I Americas Greatest Railroad *
A nights ride takes you from any of these places to the center of the mountains in time for breakfast next morning.
C. F. DALY, Passenger Traffic Manager. New York
Kindly mmlion
The Craftmum
xix
Art Wall
Hangings and Friezes

ENGLISH ARTISTS
THE LATEST PRODUCTIONS OF SANDEKSON & SONS, LONDON, INCLUDING MANY MASTERPIECES RY NOTED DESIGNERS,
THE
WOODLAND
FRIEZE
is one of the most charmins of the many artisticthingsshown in the large stack of this house. It ia only possible in a printed advertisement to suggest the general drawing. leaving the coloring, which is so much of its value. to be described and imagined.
N the Woodland frieze, the dull, shadowy tones of late twilight are seen, the browns and greens showing faintly as under a dying light, and the landscape appearing vaguely in the gloaming. Trees in the background are suggested in masses, washed in against a background of cloudy blue-green hills and a luminous grayish sky. These masses of trees are in a tone of dull yellowish-green, and the wide sweep of meadows below shows a deeper tone of brown through the green, as if a deeper shadow fell there. Life is given by a flush of apricotcolor in the sky, just above the horizon line, like the last glow of sunset, and a sharp accent of form appears in the graceful, slender lines of an occasional bare willow in the foreground, drawn m strong, dark brown. The whole frieze gives the feeling of soft brown shadows, and its repose and mystery would add the last perfect touch of restfulness to a living room or library done in the dull forest tones of green and brown. The friezes should be used with plain wall surfaces, and soft-textured wall-papers, either in ingrain or fabric effects such as the burlaps weave, come in colors that harmonize perfectly with the prevailing tones of the frieze.
W. H. S. LLOYD COMPANY
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TIFFANY & Co.

Prizes for Summer Sports

Tiffany C Co. 1906 Blue Book

5% inches high - $24. L I :y$4 1;

9% inches high - $20.

Claret Jugs and ~mmmk Pitchers, Vases _ -St;3 :$)? $9

Water Pitchers, - 838, 855, $100.

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College preparatory Special advantages in

MRS. EMMA P. SMITH MILLER E. LOUISE PARRY, A. M.,

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A New Civilization What New Zealand Has Accomplished IIhsb-aierf

By Florence Ftnch J&l/y hy Experiments in Soci:d and Economic Legislntion

By Henry Atterbury Smith By Annie Hamilton Donnell

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Simple Life in Japan Achieved by Contentment

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Improve Mortuary IlhUllald Home House:

Sculpture the Clouds of 1906: Work: .

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Above Series in Cabinet