OISD-GDN-161

REVISION - I
FOR RESTRICTED
CIRCULATION









LPG TANK TRUCK INCIDENTS : RESCUE & RELIEF
OPERATIONS







OISD - GDN - 161
Revision - I : March, 2003






Oil Industry Safety Directorate
Government of India
Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas





















OISD-GDN-161
Revision I : March, 2003

FOR RESTRICTED CIRCULATION









LPG TANK TRUCK INCIDENTS : RESCUE AND RELIEF
OPERATIONS







Prepared by:
COMMITTEE ON LPG TANK TRUCK INCIDENTS








OIL INDUSTRY SAFETY DIRECTORATE
Government of India,
Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas,
7th Floor, New Delhi House,
27, Barakhamba Road,
New Delhi-110 001.






NOTE

OIL INDUSTRY SAFETY DIRECTORATE publications
are prepared for use in the oil and gas industry under the
Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. These are the property of
Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas and shall not be
reproduced or copied and loaned or exhibited to others without
written consent from OISD.

Though every effort has been made to assure the
accuracy and reliability of data contained in these documents,
OISD hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for
loss or damage resulting from their use.

These documents are intended only to supplement and
not replace the prevailing statutory requirements.




FOREWORD

Oil Industry in India is 100 years old. Over the years a
variety of practices have been in vogue because of various
collaboration / association with different foreign companies and
governments. Standardisation in design, operating and
maintenance practices at a national level was hardly in
existence. This lack of uniformity coupled with feed back from
some serious incidents that occurred in the recent past in India
and abroad, emphasized the need for the industry to review the
existing state of art in designing, operating and maintaining oil
and gas installations.

With this in view, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural
Gas in 1986 constituted a Safety Council assisted by the Oil
Industry Safety Directorate (OISD) staffed from within the
industry in formulating and implementing a series of self
regulatory measures aimed at removing obsolescence,
standardizing and upgrading the existing standards to ensure
safer operations. Accordingly, OISD constituted a number of
functional committees of experts nominated from the industry
to draw up standards and guidelines on various subjects.

The original document on Rescue and relief operation
involving tank truck accident carrying LPG was released in
August, 1993. The present document on LPG Tank Truck
Incidents : Rescue & Relief Operations was prepared by the
Committee on LPG Tank Truck Incidents. This document is
revised based on the accumulated knowledge / experience of
industry members and the various national / international codes
& practices.

Correspondence from industry members may be addressed to:

The Co-ordinator,
Committee on
LPG Tank Truck Incidents
OIL INDUSTRY SAFETY DIRECTORATE,
Government of India,
Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas,
7
th
Floor, New Delhi House,
27, Barakhamba Road,
New Delhi-110 001.



COMMITTEE ON
LPG TANK TRUCK MODIFICATIONS, DESIGN AND OPERATION
(First Edition : August 1993)

LIST OF MEMBERS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME ORGANISATION STATUS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S/Shri

R.K. Singh Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. Leader

V.K. Allawadi Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Member

S.V. Sahni Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. Member

S.C. Gupta Oil Industry Safety Directorate Member-Co-ordinator
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


COMMITTEE ON

LPG TANK TRUCK INCIDENTS
(Revision I : March 2003)

LIST OF MEMBERS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME ORGANISATION STATUS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S/Shri

K. V. Apte Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. Leader

N. Dasgupta Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. Member

M. S. Iyer Bharat Petroleum Corpn. Ltd. Refinery, Member

S. S. Lamba Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Member

T. Koteeswaran Chennai Petroleum Corporation Ltd. Member

S. Roy Chowdhury IBP Co. Ltd. Member

D. J. Phukan Numaligarh Refineries Ltd. Member

B. K. Tiwari Oil Industry Safety Directorate Member-Co-ordinator

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(In addition to the above, several other experts from industry contributed in the
preparation, review and finalisation of this document).


LPG TANK TRUCK INCIDENTS : RESCUE AND RELIEF OPERATIONS






CONTENTS

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

2.0 SCOPE 1

3.0 DEFINITIONS 1

4.0 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN 2

4.1 DISTRIBUTION OF EMP 2

4.2 TREM CARD 2

4.3 INFORMATION ON INCIDENT 2

4.4 INITIATION OF ACTION 3

4.5 SCENARIO AND EMERGENCY HANDLING 4

4.6 RELIEF / RESCUE OPERATIONS 8
IN CASE OF UCV / BLEVE

4.7 ROLE OF EXTERNAL AGENCIES 9

4.8 RESOURCE IDENTIFICATION / MOBILISATION 10

ANNEXURE I 11
ANNEXURE II 14
ANNEXURE III 16
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
















1.0 INTRODUCTION



There is a sustained growth in consumption
and consequent transportation of bulk LPG
by road tankers to LPG Installations spread
all over India.

In order to have better and clear
understanding among the Oil Industry
personnel, their roles and responsibilities
along with various other authorities have
been defined.

Interaction at field level with local
authorities, law enforcing agencies, fire
brigade and other oil companies is must to
familiarise all concerned and to ensure their
co-operation and willingness to handle such
emergencies.

2.0 SCOPE

This document provides guidelines for
handling emergencies arising out of LPG
Tank Truck (TT) incidents. The location
incharges, based on these guidelines,
should identify necessary resources so as to
handle such incidents promptly. These
guidelines can be modified to reflect local
conditions as well as the capabilities of the
response team.

Guidelines for Rescue & Relief operations
for POL Tank Truck Accident are covered in
OISD-GDN-165.

3.0 DEFINITIONS

3.1 Bulk LPG Tank Truck : A Tank
Truck designed to carry bulk LPG
by road.

3.2 Incident : An event involving a bulk
LPG Tank Truck with or without
bulk load meeting with an accident
with/ without leak with or without
fire.

3.3 TRANSPORT EMERGENCY
(TREM) CARD: A card issued by an
LPG loading location containing
details about the nature of hazards,
protective devices, telephone
numbers and actions related to
spillage, fire, first aid etc. to be
taken in any emergency.

3.4 Unconfined Vapour Cloud Explosion
(UVCE) : With the release of LPG
to atmosphere, vapour cloud
formation takes place. Ignition and
burning of vapour cloud as
deflagrations and fireballs may
cause lot of damage by radiation
starting secondary fires at some
distance. The vapour cloud may
ignite and its explosion may cause
high over pressures and very heavy
damage, which is termed as
unconfined vapour cloud explosion
(UVCE).

3.5 Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour
Explosion (BLEVE) : BLEVE is the
violent rupture of a pressure vessel
containing saturated liquid / vapour
at a temperature well above its
normal (atmospheric pressure)
boiling point. The resulting flash
evaporation of a large fraction of the
liquid produces a large vapour
cloud. If the vapour is flammable
and if an ignition source is present
at the time of vessel rupture, the
vapour cloud burns in the form of a
large rising fireball. If ignition is
delayed a few seconds, such that
the vapour has time to form a large
flammable vapour-air mixture, a
vapour cloud explosion ensues.

3.6 Emergency Response Vehicle
(ERV) : Emergency Response
Vehicle is a rescue vehicle with
necessary support equipment
meant for rescue and relief
operations in any incident involving
LPG bulk movement.

3.7 LPG Installation : LPG Installation
means an LPG facility like LPG
Installation, LPG Recovery Plant,
Refinery etc., where LPG handling,
i.e., loading / unloading, bottling
etc., is carried out.

3.8 Flammable (Explosive) Range :

In the case of gases or vapour,
which form flammable mixtures with
air, there is a minimum
concentration of vapour in air, below
which the propagation of flame does



not occur on contact with a source
of ignition. This is called Lower
Explosive Limit (LEL). Similarly,
there is a maximum concentration of
vapour, above which the
propagation of flame does not occur
on contact with a source of ignition.
This is called Upper Explosive Limit
(UEL). This range of minimum to
maximum concentration is termed
as Flammable (Explosive) Range.
Generally, this range for LPG is
1.8% to 9.5%.


4.0 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN
(EMP)

In order to handle Emergencies, which may
arise due to incident involving LPG Tank
Trucks, it is required that a comprehensive
Emergency Management Plan is readily
available with the industry as well as with
other related authorities. The Emergency
Management Plan should be clearly
understood by its users so that the
Emergencies can be handled in a
systematic manner with minimum response
time in accordance with the prescribed
procedure.

4.1 DISTRIBUTION OF EMP : Copies of the
Emergency Management plan shall be
made available by the Industry to:

i. All the field locations i.e. LPG
Installations, POL Depots,
Terminals / Installations, Refineries,
Gas Processing Plants, Despatch
units of ONGC/GAIL etc.

ii. The concerned District
Administration, Police Stations and
Fire Brigades en-route and within
vicinity of specified LPG tank truck
routes.

iii. Others, viz., Sales personnel of
concerned area as may be required.

Location specific availability of ERV
shall be mentioned in the
Emergency Management Plan.

4.2 TREM CARD

TREM Card as per details shown in
Annexure-II and Route Map shall be
provided to the Tank Truck Crew
which should be referred in case of
emergency.

4.2.1 As a precaution against any incident
or emergency that may occur during
carriage, the TT crew should also be
supplied with instructions in writing as
detailed in safety Instructions Booklet
attached as Annexure-III.



4.3 INFORMATION ON INCIDENT

In the event of an incident,
following steps should be taken :

4.3.1 In case the TT crew is in a position
to act, they should inform the
nearest LPG Installation first
otherwise contact the nearest Depot
/ Terminal of any oil company. The
TT crew should also inform the
nearest Police Post and Fire
Brigade.

4.3.2 In case, phone facility is not
available in the vicinity, TT crew
should send the message through
any other means such as any other
truck / TT or any volunteer to the
nearest Bottling Plant, Retail Outlet,
Oil Installation of any Oil Company,
Police Post and Fire Brigade, (All
Retail Outlets, Oil Installations, Fire
Brigade & Police Station should be
provided with telephone nos. of the
nearest LPG Installation).

4.3.3 In case the message is received first
by Police Post or Fire Brigade or
Depot / Installation of any Oil
company, they should inform the
nearest Bottling Plant of any
company.

4.3.4 While conveying the information to
LPG Installation by TT Crew, Fire
Brigade, Police Post, Depot /
Installation as may be the case, the
following information should be
collected and relayed :




a) Location of incident, milestone no.,
Highway No., nearest village / town
and any other easily identifiable
landmark.

b) Registration No. of TT, name of the
Transporter.

c) Date and time of incident.

d) TT empty or full and the quantity.

e) Proceeding from/ on way to.

f) Any casualty or injury.

g) Any leakage or fire and its source.

h) Position of TT after the incident on
road.

i) Safety Precautions taken.

j) Help required (tools & tackles, i.e.,
jacks etc., crane, transfer of
product, towing of vehicle, fire
tender, fire fighting equipment,
ambulance etc).

However, to minimize the delay
whatever information is readily
available should be quickly relayed
followed by detailed information as
above.

Documentary proof of such intimation to
Police Post / Fire Brigade / Retail Outlets
should be retained.

4.4 INITIATION OF ACTION

4.4.1 IMMEDIATE COMMUNICATION

On receipt of information, the LPG
Installation should convey
information using quickest mode of
communication such as phone,
FAX, E-mail etc., to following
agencies / persons:

a) Nearest Fire Station.

b) Nearest Police Station or Police
headquarters.

c) District Administration.

d) The Transporter (as per the
directory of the Transporters
address)

e) Zonal / Region and Head Office of
the owning Company of the product.

f) Chief Controller of Explosives /
Zonal Controller of Explosives, as
applicable.

g) Oil Industry Safety Directorate.

In case a Depot / Installation is located near
to the site of incident, the LPG Installation
should inform such location for rendering
immediate assistance, to the extent feasible.

4.4.2 RESCUE PLANNING

Simultaneously, the LPG Installation
should organise rescue operations
and invoke Contingency Plan as the
situation demands. Following
actions should be initiated:

a) After assessing the situation, a
rescue team consisting of requisite
no. of officers and maintenance
crew should be rushed to the site
along with 2-3 empty depressurized
Tank Trucks.

b) The rescue team should also carry
equipment as identified in
Annexure- I.

c) Wherever Oil Industry has
positioned Emergency Responses
Vehicle (ERV), the same should be
requisitioned for carrying out rescue
operations.

d) Oil Industry Sales Personnel of the
concerned area should also get
associated with rescue team to
provide assistance through local
agencies on receipt of information.


4.5 SCENARIO AND EMERGENCY
HANDLING

4.5.1 SCENARIO




On reaching the site, the rescue
team should assess the situation
and liaise with the Plant Manager for
any further help required from any
agency. The Rescue team should
classify the incident in the following
category:

a) Resulting only in injury / fatality to
any other road user.

b) Resulting in head-on collision, side
hit, dashing against any other fixed
object, etc.

i) with no damage to bullet or any
fittings.

ii) with damage to bullet or any
fittings resulting in LPG leak.

c) Resulting in tank truck falling off the
road with damage to bullet, fittings
with or without leakage and
requiring evacuation of product.

d) Toppling of tank truck, rupture of
liquid line and LPG leak

i) without fire, or

ii) with fire.

e) Vapour cloud explosion / BLEVE
resulting in injuries, fatalities and
damages to the surrounding areas.

The Rescue team should take
utmost care in tackling the situation
and should not take undue risk and
should guide professional fire
fighting people of the Fire Brigade/
Industry.







4.5.2 EMERGENCY HANDLING

The scenarios mentioned in para
4.5.1 call for following emergency
actions :

(A) Incident resulting only in
injury / fatality

LPG Installation need not depute
the Rescue team to the site of
incident. However, if required, the
LPG Installation should arrange to
inspect the TT and advise whether
the TT can proceed to its
destination safely. The Plant will
also decide whether any repair
could be undertaken by the
Transporter without emptying out
the tank truck or whether tank truck
needs to be evacuated / degassed
which should be done at the LPG
Installation.

Necessary help should be rendered
to injured person/(s).

(B) (i) Incident resulting in head-
on collision/ side hit,
dashing against any other
fixed object and no damage
to bullet or any fitting.

Rescue team should proceed to the
incident site and initiate the
following action:

a) Survey the vehicle and list out
the damages.

b) Assess whether tank truck can
be towed to the nearest LPG
Installation after initial repairs.

c) List out all precautions and
advise the driver / Police for the
steps to be taken while towing
the vehicle to the LPG
Installation, if it can be towed.

d) Tank truck should be unloaded
at the LPG Installation
immediately after reaching and
shall be released only after it
has been made gas free.

In case the mechanical condition of tank
truck is not stable, it should be evacuated in
line with the procedure stipulated in
subsequent scenario B(ii).

(B) (ii) Incident resulting in leakage.




The following steps should be
taken:

a) Warn people to stop all open
fire, lantern, to ensure no
smoking within the surrounding
area. Use of Cello-phones will
not be permitted in the hazard
area and also the TT crew will
be prohibited to use any cell
phone.

b) Stop traffic on both sides of the
Road. Divert the traffic from
all the roads approaching the
site.

c) Survey the vehicle, bullet, all
fittings & assess the extent of
damage.

d) Assess whether the anchoring
of bullet to the chassis is
damaged or intact and
whether the bullet can be
lifted with or without chassis.

e) Check possibility of stopping
leak by any of the following
methods. Such operation shall
be carried out by trained
personnel with due care under
close supervision of a
competent person and shall be
approached from the upwind
direction. Also, all tools and
equipment used for controlling
the leak shall be spark proof.

i) Tightening of valve manifold
end connections through
cap / flange / fittings.
.
ii) Wetting the area of leakage
with wet cloth or gunny bag
etc.

iii) Using wooden plug.

iv) Using M-Seal or a proper
epoxy-base cold-welding
compound.

v) Plugging of safety-relief
valve through a leak-seal
plug.

vi) Possibility of stopping /
controlling the leakage
should also be explored by
pumping water into the TTs.
In this case, adequate
separation distance of the
pump from the leaky TT
shall be maintained.
Further, a NRV shall be
provided on water filling line
on TT side with proper
assessment of LPG vapour
space inside the TT .

f) Possibility can also be explored
for stopping / controlling the
leakage through transhipment of
products. Transhipment of the
product from affected TT to the
de-pressurised TT can be done
through any of the following
alternatives with the procedural
details given in para 4.5.2 (C)
(e).

i) Through an ERV by
pressure differential method
with the help of the LPG
compressor.

ii) The depressurised 2-3 TTs
brought at the site through a
simple connection / flow.

iii) Connecting the affected TT
through a pressurised TT
and connecting the
depressurised TT for
evacuation of the product.

iv) Pumping water into the
affected TT and connecting
to the depressurised TT to
evacuate product through
vapour line.

g) In case leakage is profuse and
cannot be stopped, take the
following actions :




i) Take precautionary measures
as follows with approach always
from upwind side :

- If it is necessary and site
condition makes it feasible,
depressurise the tank of
remaining vapour through
controlled discharge from
vapour discharge valve after
taking all precautions. If venting
is inevitable, take following
action before commencing the
venting operation:

- Cordon off the surrounding
area.

- Divert vehicular traffic from
the highway.

- Use water mist nozzles to
disperse vapour cloud

- Inform Railway authorities if
the incident site is in the
vicinity of railway tracks, to
suspend all rail movement.

- Get the power supply to the
area cut off.

- Extinguish/ take care of all
sources of ignition (viz.
smoking, cooking, industrial
furnaces, open fire etc.)

- Closely monitor the level of
concentration of LPG vapours
with the help of explosimeter
outside the cordoned off area to
eliminate any danger to public
life & property.

ii) No person shall be allowed to
stay within the vapour cloud and
within the vicinity in the wind
direction.

iii) On arrival of the Fire Brigade,
the vapour cloud should be
dispersed towards un-inhabited
area using wide angle spray till
the entire product has been
vented out, if possible.

iv) Concentration of vapour shall be
checked using explosimeter.
Only after all the vapours have
cleared out from the leakage
source, the movement of traffic
should be allowed.

h) The other actions, if required,
should be taken in consultation
with experts in different fields.

(C) Incident resulting in tank
truck falling off the road with
damage to bullet, fitting with
or without leakage and
requiring evacuation of the
product.

WITH NO LEAKAGE.

The following steps should be
taken:

a) Survey the vehicle, bullet, all fittings
& assess the extent of damage.

b) Assess whether the anchoring of
bullet to the chassis is damaged
or intact and whether the bullet
can be lifted with or without
chassis.

c) In case of filled tank truck, assess
whether liquid and vapour nozzles
are accessible for making hose
connection.

d) Assess whether crane(s) capable of
lifting the tank truck with load are
available for putting the tank truck
on wheels or tank truck can be
dragged by monkey wrench to the
road. If cranes of required capacity
are not available, no attempt should
be made for lifting the filled tank
truck and tank truck should be
emptied before putting it back on
wheels.

e) If Tank Truck cannot be towed
safely to an LPG Installation, the
product should be transshipped to
another tank truck in the following
manner and such operation shall be
carried out by trained personnel with



due care under close supervision of
a competent person:

i) Make temporary earthing
connection with some electric
pole or with iron rod driven in
the earth upto sufficient depth.
Also, effective bonding between
both the leaky and empty tank
trucks need to be ensured.

ii) Connect depressurised tank
truck to the liquid line of the
damaged TT.

iii) Slowly open the valves of
incident affected tank truck and
the depressurised tank truck
ensuring that Excess Flow
Check Valves do not close.

iv) If the flow rate is not sufficient
which is to be observed by
checking rotogauge, connect
depressurised tank truck to the
vapour nozzle of the incident
affected tank truck.

v) After the flow rate slows down or
stops, connect another
depressurised tank truck till
such time the product to the
maximum extent is transferred.

vi) Check the level of liquid in the
incident affected tank truck by
rotogauge, vapour valve or
differential skin temperature.

vii) All precautionary measures as
outlined in B (ii). g) needs to be
taken.

WITH LEAKAGE

The procedure as stated under B (ii)
is to be followed.

(D) Toppling of tank truck,
rupture of liquid line and LPG
truck engulfed in fire.

If the Rescue team / Fire Brigade
/ Police reaches the site of
incident after start of fire, the
following action should be taken:

a) To cool the tank trucks, specially the
area in contact with vapour and
area around dish-end by the Fire
tender. Nobody to be allowed to
move by the side of either of the
dish-ends of the tank truck(s).

b) All personnel from the surrounding
area to be evacuated to safer
places with the help of local
administration.

c) To advise LPG Installation / District
Administration to rush water tanker
to the site of incident.

d) To use narrow angle spray for
cooling the bullet and extinguishing
fire if the source of leakage is small,
otherwise, burning may be
continued under controlled
condition.

e) If the fire from overturned LPG tank
lorry envelopes the bullet and if it is
not possible to arrange water for
sustained cooling, the entire
surrounding area must be
evacuated, much before water gets
exhausted. Fire fighters should also
be prepared to leave the site in such
an event.

f) A control room should be set-up at
the site with the help of local
administration for close liaison with
all agencies.

g) Local Hospitals / Ambulances
should be alerted to be ready to
provide medical aid to affected
personnel, as the scenario may lead
to an Unconfined Vapour Cloud
Explosion (UVCE) / BLEVE resulting
in loss of public life and property
necessitating major rescue
operation.





(E) Unconfined vapour cloud
explosion / BLEVE resulting
in injuries, fatalities and



damages to the surrounding
areas.

There could be possibility of a
situation when the incident
affected tank truck might have
released a large amount of LPG
through the damaged fittings and
/ or liquid / vapour manifolds.
Since there is a large inventory
of LPG in the bullet, LPG would
continue to leak through these
openings. In case of delayed
ignition, the released LPG would
form vapour cloud and disperse
along the wind direction. The
vapour cloud will increase in its
size and dilution of the cloud will
be occurring around the outer
surface of the plume. Therefore,
the vapour cloud may either
explode when it comes in contact
with the source of ignition or
disperse safely. In case vapour
cloud explodes there would be
blast wave / shock wave
propagation resulting in damage
as a function of distance.
Followed by explosion, there will
be fire, which would travel back
to the affected tank truck.
Depending upon the nature of
damage and type of release, the
bullet may be subjected to flame
impingement, which may
subsequently lead to BLEVE
(Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour
Explosion)

Based on computer models to
analyse the dispersion
characteristics for release of
entire LPG from an 18 MT tank
truck, it has been found that LPG
vapour cloud could travel long
distances depending upon the
wind velocity (2-5 m/s) and
extent of leakage and still remain
within the flammable limits. In
case of failure of 2 liquid loading
line, the LPG vapour cloud could
travel as much as 360 m upto
which vapour will still exist within
LEL. In contact with a source of
ignition, the unconfined vapour
cloud may explode resulting in
fatalities and injuries, which
could be expected upto a
distance of about 320m. from
the point of release.

In case of a BLEVE, involving the
bullet, the damages due to
incident radiant fluxes resulting in
fatalities and first-degree burn
could be expected upto a
distance of about 190m. and
290m. respectively.

4.6 RELIEF / RESCUE OPERATIONS
IN CASE OF UVCE / BLEVE

The actions needed in such a
situation are as follows:

1. Arrange to provide first-aid
treatment as necessary with the
help of local hospitals and
voluntary agencies.

2. Take the injured persons to the
nearest Hospital / Nursing
Homes with the help of local
administration.

3. Extinguish remaining fires, if any,
and remove debris from the road
to restore normal vehicular
traffic with the help of Fire
Brigade / Police personnel.

4. Take up with the local authorities
for providing basic amenities,
e.g., water, electricity, food and
shelter to the dislodged /
affected people.

For tackling emergencies arising
out of various scenarios as
detailed above, individual LPG
Installation shall formulate
specific Disaster Management
Plan incorporating all the
available resources with
necessary contact numbers.



4.7 ROLE OF EXTERNAL AGENCIES




It is expected that the following roles
should be performed by various
agencies:

4.7.1 FIRE BRIGADE

On receipt of information from any
source on incident of LPG tank
truck, Fire Brigade should contact
nearest LPG Installation and Police
Station. After assessing the
situation, it should :

- Rush fire tender to the incident
site with all necessary fire
fighting equipment.

- Prepare a Contingency Plan for
removal of tank truck, if not
leaking, in consultation with
LPG Installation personnel.

- Dispersal of vapours by water
spray away from inhabited area,
in case of leakage.

- Extinguish the fire, in case leakage
source can be stopped.

- Allow the fire to burn under
controlled conditions till the
entire quantity is burnt out, in
case the leakage source cannot
be stopped.

- Save human lives and salvage
material from incident affected
truck.

- Liaise with Fire Brigade in the
adjoining town for additional
help, if necessary.

- Arrange water through Municipal
Water tanker or any other
source.



4.7.2 ROLE OF POLICE

On receipt of information, Police
should take the following actions :

- Stop the traffic from both ends of
the road.

- Warn the people living in adjacent
area for stopping all fire,
smoking, evacuation to safe
places, if necessary.

- Maintain Law and Order in the
area.

- Contact nearest District Police
Headquarters and giving the
situation report.

- Evacuate personnel from the
area, if required.

- Extend help in removal of
injured personnel to the nearest
first-aid centre / hospital,
contacting highway patrol,
completing legal formalities in
case of any casualty.


4.7.3 DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION
On receipt of information, following
actions should be taken :

- To keep watch on the overall
situation.

- Rush ambulance to the incident
site if casualties are reported.

- Direct cranes or any other such
equipment to carry out rescue
operations.

- Issue warning messages to
people through public address
system, if any evacuation is
required.

- Arrange emergency vehicles for
evacuation purposes.

- Give direction to hospitals
having burns injury ward for
readiness to receive patient in
case of incident involving fire.

- Provide basic amenities, e.g.,
water, electricity, food and
shelter to the affected people as
required.




4.8 RESOURCE IDENTIFICATION /
MOBILISATION

Mobilisation of resources will
depend upon the scenario of
disaster and all the locations are
required to identify the resources
based on the worst disaster.

The Chief Co-ordinator of the
disaster would familiarise with all
roads, routes, industries, First-aid
agencies and all the available
infrastructure in case of an
eventuality.

4.8.1 RESOURCES

The following resources should be
identified for the disaster
management as listed in
Annexure-I :

a) In-plant resources

b) External resources

c) Communication
resources


REFERENCES :

1. OISD STD 144 : LPG Bottling
Plant Operations.

2. OISD STD 144 : LPG Bottling
Plant Operations.

3. OISD RP 157 : Recommended
Practices for Transportation of
Bulk Petroleum Products

4. OISD RP 157 : Recommended
Practices for Transportation of
Bulk Petroleum Products

5. OISD STD - 159 : LPG Tank
Trucks Requirements of Safety
on
Design / Fabrication and Fittings.

6. OISD STD 160 : Protection to
Fittings mounted on existing tank
trucks.

7. OISD GDN 165 : Guidelines for
Rescue & Relief Operations for
POL Tank Truck Accident.

8. The SEPE Handbook of Fire
Protection Engineering, NFPA,
1998.

9. NFPA 58 : Standard for the
Storage and Handling of Liquified
Petroleum Gases 1983.


* * *















ANNEXURE - I

A. IN-PLANT RESOURCES

Following items should be available at the Plant in adequate quantity / nos.




Mechanical Equipment :

1. Gaskets (Carbon Asbestos Filled)
2. Studs & bolts.
3. Teflon tapes.
4. / crowbar (1 m long)
5. Spade / blind flange
6. Rope (Manila / Jute)
7. Spark arrestors.
8. 1 tapered wooden pegs.
9. Chopper
10. Spare fan belt for tank lorry with P.T.O. unit
11. Wind sock
12. M-Seal / epoxy-base cold-welding compound.
13. Wooden slippers
14. Teflon-taped spanners, wrenches
15. Spark-proof wrenches, hammer and tools.
16. Barricading masts and ropes / tapes
17. LPG hoses
18. Chain pulley blocks and stay pipes
19. Small valve keys for operating valves in the tank truck

Electrical Equipment :

1. Gas Explosi-meter
2. Flame-proof torches
3. Earthing wires (10 m long) with crocodile clips

Personnel Protective Equipment :

1. Gloves:
i) Rubber gloves
ii) Low Temperature Gloves
iii) Industrial gloves (with leather lining)
iv) Canvas gloves

2. Face shields
3. Ear muff / ear plugs

Other Safety Items :

1. 1 roll of gunny / hessian cloth (about 10 mts. long)
2. First aid box (containing water gel compounds)
3. Soap
4. Blanket.
5. Water Gel Blanket
6. Breathing Apparatus (With spare filled cylinder and Canister gas masks)
7. Fire proximity suit

11

Fire Fighting Equipment :

1. Portable DCP Fire Extinguishers
2. Fire-water Hoses
3. Triple Purpose diffuser nozzle for use with fire hoses.




Communication Equipment :

1. Hand operated sirens
2. Whistles
3. Megaphone, Mobile Phones, VHF sets.

Traffic Control Equipment :

1. Red lights (Battery operated) - for traffic diversion
2. Area maps
3. Diversion Boards

B. EXTERNAL RESOURCES :

Particulars Name Address Ph. No. Any Other
Info.

1. Fire Station

2. Ambulance

3. Hospitals


4. Police Station

5. Drug Stores

6.District Administration /
Collector


7. Availability of Cranes

8. Local PWD / CPWD
water supplies, sand,
morum, vehicles etc.


9. Local Army, Navy, Air
Force authorities



10. Any major industry
nearby




12

C. IDENTIFICATION OF COMMUNICATION RESOURCES :


Particulars Name Address Ph. No. Any Other
Info.




1. Public Address System

2. Retail Outlets


3. Railway Station

4. Power Houses

5. Civil Authorities

6. Voluntary Agencies

7. Local All India Radio /
Doordarshan










































ANNEXURE II

TRANSPORT EMERGENCY CARD (ROAD)

CARGO : LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG)

Nature of Hazard : Highly volatile and Inflammable.



Can cause Cold Burns.
Inhaling vapour can cause nausea, breathlessness & headache.
Air / vapour mixture highly explosive.
Leakage of LPG can cause Vapour Cloud explosion & BLEVE.

Protective Devices : Hand gloves (Rubber / low temperature)
Safety Goggles
Self-contained Respiratory device to work in vapour-rich area.
Low temperature / fire proximity suit.

EMERGENCY ACTION

Try to move the vehicle to open area.
Stop Engine.
Vehicle should not be left unguarded.
Contact Police, Fire Brigade, Sarpanch, nearest oil company by sending helper /
passer by.
Keep public and traffic away by displaying Danger Boards at sufficient distance.
No Smoking and No Naked Lights within the cordoned off area.
Keep ready for action Fire Extinguishers and Safety Kit.
Stay Upwind.


Spillage

Check the valves and caps for tightness by hand and stop leak if possible

Fire

If minor, try to extinguish by DCP fire extinguishers

First Aid

Pour water in case of cold or hot burn
Seek medical help, if necessary

Emergency Telephone Numbers


IOC _______________ HPC_______________________

BPC _____________________ IBP________________________

FIRE 101 _______________ POLICE 100_________________