Flight Vehicle Loads
Flight Vehicle Loads
Flight Vehicle Loads
All loading conditions imposed on a structure must be known before the flight vehicle structure can be designed. The load conditions are those encountered both in flight and on the ground. Since it is impossible to investigate every loading condition which a flight vehicle may encounter in its service lifetime, it is normal practice to select only the critical loading conditions for design. The critical loading conditions are usually determined from past experience and are definitely specified by the certification or procuring agency. Limit loads are associate with normal operation of the flight vehicle. Ultimate loads are typically defined as 1.5 x Limit Loads.
Inertia Loads
The maximum loads on any part of the flight vehicle structure occurs when the vehicle is being accelerated. The loads produced by landing impact, maneuvering, gusts, boost and staging operations, launches, and dockings are always greater than the loads occurring when all the forces on the vehicle are in Equilibrium. In many of the loading conditions, a flight vehicle may be considered as being in pure translation or in pure rotation. Translation:
Inertia Loads
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Rotation: Rigid mass rotation about point O with a constant angular velocity . x-axis chosen through center of gravity C.
Inertia Loads
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Rotation: Rigid mass rotation about point O with a constant angular acceleration . x-axis chosen through center of gravity C.
Inertia Loads
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Rotation: Rigid mass rotation about point O with a constant angular acceleration , angular velocity , and linear acceleration ao x-axis chosen through center of gravity C.
When the airplane horizontal thrust line is not horizontal, it is usually convenient to obtain the components of the forces parallel and perpendicular to the airplane thrust line
Perpendicular to the thrust line
The landing load factors are defined by dividing the landing loads by the airplane weight.
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Example Problem 1
When landing on a carrier, a 10,000 lb airplane is given a deceleration of 3g by means of an arresting hook as shown in the figure below. (a) Find the tension in the cable, the wheel reaction, and the distance e from the center of gravity to the line of action of the cable. (b) Find the tension in the fuselage at vertical section AA and BB if the portion of the airplane forward section weighs 3000 lb and the portion aft of section BB weighs 1000 lb. (c) Find the landing run if the speed is 80 ft/sec
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Example Problem 2
A cargo plane shown below is making a level landing with the nose wheel slightly off the round. The vertical ground reaction is 300,000 lb. The pitching moment of inertia of the plane is 40,000,000 lb sec2 in. (a) Find vertical acceleration at the aircraft c.g. (b) Find vertical acceleration at the pilot c.g
300,000
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Example Problem 3
An airplane weighs 14,000 lb. It is flying horizontally at a velocity of 500 mph (733 ft/sec) when the pilot pulls up into a curved path with a radius of curvature of 2500 ft. Assume engine thrust and drag are equal and colinear with each other. (a) Find airplane acceleration (b) Find wing lift (L) and tail (T) forces (c) Find airplane load factor
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Example Problem 4
A spacecraft payload weighs 600 lbs. It experiences load factors nz = 5g and nx = 0.4g during the launch sequence. Calculate the reactions forces and moments at the launch vehicle interface Launch Vehicle Interface
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