Anatomy & Physiology of Liver by Anjali
Anatomy & Physiology of Liver by Anjali
Anatomy & Physiology of Liver by Anjali
LIVER
By: Mrs. Anjali Kaushik
Anatomy of Liver
Liver is a large, solid, wedge shaped gland which occupies whole of right hypochondrium, the greater part of the epigastrium and part of the left hypochondrium up to the left lateral plane. It is the largest gland of the body and contributes about 2% of the total body weight. Weighs 1600gm in male and 1300gm in female
Anatomy of Liver
It has five surfaces: Anterior / Posterior /
Superior / Inferior and Right
It is divided into right and left lobe by falciform ligament anteriorly and superiorly, by the fissure of ligamentum teres inferiorly and by the fissure for ligamentum venosum posterioly. Right lobe is much larger than the left lobe and forms five sixth of the liver , and also presents the caudate and quadrate lobe.
Blood Supply
80% of blood supply is derived from portal vein. 20% is derived from hepatic artery. Before entering the liver both hepatic artery and portal vein divide into right and left branches. Within the liver they redivide into segmental vessels, which further divide to form interlobular vessels which run in portal canals.
Lymphatic Drainage
Superficial lymphatics terminate in: Caval / Hepatic / Paracardial and Coeliac lymph node. Deep lymphatics terminate in: Supra diaphragmatic and Hepatic lymph node. Nerve supply Liver receives its nerve supply from hepatic plexus which contains both sympathetic and parasympathetic or vagal plexus.
Liver Physiology
Liver performs many different functions which can be summarized as:
a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) Carbohydrate metabolism Lipid metabolism Protein metabolism Processing of drugs and hormones Excretion of bilirubin Synthesis of bile salts Storage Phagocytosis Activation of vitamin D