ISAGEN
ISAGEN
ISAGEN is a mixed public services company which specializes in the generation and marketing of energy. ISAGEN is located in Colombia, and its power plants are in Antioquia, Santander and Caldas provinces. The Company contributes to the country productivity by generating and trading electric energy, as well as trading natural gas through networks, coal, steam and other energy sources for industrial utilization. ISAGEN owns and operates four hydroelectric power plants and one combined cycle gas turbine power plant with a total generating capacity of 2,132MW, (15,9% of the installed generating capacity of Colombia).It is a young company but has over 40 years of experience in generating energy, stemming from the development of the largest hydroelectric plants in the country. The high levels of availability, the modernization of their power plants and an effective preventive and predictive maintenance plan, constitute the companys strength in generation for guaranteeing the fulfillment of electric supply commitments made to their clients. ISAGENs Quality Management System, the Environment and Occupational Health are certified by INCONTEC.
HYDROELECTRIC GENERATION
Historical archive
MAIN EQUIPMENT
Eight vertical shaft Pelton turbines, with 22 buckets, flow of 32.7M3/s/; a diameter of 4,0 m, 22 tons of weight and 160MW nominal power. Each turbine operates under a medium net head of 554 m and 300 rpm. At the inlet of each turbine there is a spherical valve of 1,90 m of diameter and 68 tons of weight with a closing/ opening time of 120 s. Eight threephase synchronous generators, vertical shaft, 170 MVA, with a power factor of 0,95, operating at a 300 rpm, 60 Hz and of 16,5 kV. Twelve single-phase transformers, 183 MVA, plus a reserve transformer. The transformers are disposed in four three-phase banks to connect to two generators each. Transformer ratio is 15,8 kV to 230/3 kV. Air conditioning and ventilation systems of the power house. Fire extinguishing system for the main equipment. A three-phase 230 kV circuit in oil-filled single-pole cables leaves each of the power transformer banks. The circuits are 450m. long, and are installed in two inclined shafts which run from the transformer cavern to an outside structure, where the cables join two, 230 kV transmission lines which go to the substation, 2.5 kilometres away. Power plant is supervised by the National Dispatch Center -CND-. The CND computers perform the automatic generating control -AGC-, as well as the supervision. Tele communication between the CND in Medelln and power plant is done through microwave and optical fiber.
PUNCHIN DAM
The Punchin dam is located on the Guatap River, close to the Puerto Belo village. It forms a reservoir of 3.4 km2, with a volume of 72 Mm3, 53,23 Mm3 of which are useful reservoir. The dam has a height of 70 m, 800 m of length and 6 Mm3 of compacted residual soil, with a crest level of 785 m.a.s.l.
Well and ventilation Tunnel Cavern ventilation is carried out through a 187 m-vertical shaft with a 4 m-circular section ending in a horizontal tunnel. Cable Shaft Power cables exit transformer cavern by two 47 sloped shafts. The one corresponding to San Carlos I, is 260 m long and has a 8 m2-section. The two wells end on the upper section of a horizontal tunnel from where cables pass though to an existing structure, finally going to the main substation.
Intake system Waters from the reservoir are taken through two 54 m- catchment towers, each one with 6.30m-circular sections of diameter for San Carlos I and 7.50m for San Carlos II. The towers, located over the right margin of the Guatape river are controlled cylindrical floodgates. Through these towers, the required flows for the Power Plant generation are delivered to the conduction tunnels by means of two vertical concrete-coated wells 147m deep each. A metallic bridge joins the operation floors of the towers and enables the ancillary floodgates transfer from one tower to the other on a special cart. Each water intake to the towers is provided with a strainer grid.
Powerhouse It is composed of two underground parallel caverns, located approximately 400m deep. The main cavern, dedicated to the generation units, is 203m long, 19,65m wide and 27,5m high. The transformer cavern is 203m long, 13m wide and 15,3m high. The access to the cavers is carried out by a 1.113m long tunnel, with a 8,9% slope and a double concrete paved-roadway. Conductions Each stage of the Power Station has an independent conduction with two 4.474m & 4.501 tunnels with 1.5% and 0.5% slopes respectively. The tunnels are coated most part of their trajectory by thrown concrete and on the decomposed rock sections, by conventional concrete with circular sections of 6,1m & 7,5m respectively. Discharge Tunnels Waters used by turbines for energy generation exit the Station to be delivered into the Samana River through two discharge tunnels 1.587m long, with 74 m2 & 102 m2 sections and 0.18% & 0.17% slopes, respectively. The tunnels operate as a free flow conduct for a 132 and 198 m 3/s discharge with a free edge or 2,6 m on the upper side.
SPILLWAY
The open-channel non-controlled flow-type spillway is located over the right bank of the dam; it has a varying width of 50 m of top at 30 m on the exit canal, a length of 264 m and ends in a deflector jet. It is designed to evacuate a maximum water flow of 2.070 m3/s.
MAIN EQUIPMENT
Two Francis type turbines with vertical shaft, each one with a rated power of 70MW, 400 rpm. The turbines have as an incorporate cylindrical-type valve.
Floodgate Well The well is 102,5m deep with an 8,3m oval section on its largest dimension. The well houses two flat floodgates, one main, and the other ancillary with its lifting equipment and hydraulic system. Powerhouse The power plantls main equipments are housed in a 16,5m wide, 28,4m high and 65,3m cavern with a two-way vehicular tunnel access with variable slope, being the maximum inclination 10%, and a total length of 775,35m.
Pressure Well Vertical concrete coated-well, 156m deep and 4,3m of diameter.
Discharge Tunnel The discharge tunnel is is approximately 1.757 m long. In order to control the terrain erosion, four dissipation structures were built with a 3,8km long section, downstream from the Power plant discharge
Downstream Surge tank Separated 25m from the main cavern, it is located downstream where the turbine drafts tubes discharge. The Surge tank cavern dimensions are 40m long, 13m wide and 35,1m high.
Pressure Tunnel The pressure tunnel is constituted by reinforced concrete coated-tunnel, 43m long and 4,3m of diameter and an linned tunnel. The linned tunnel is 70,5m long, at the end of which bifurcates into two penstocks of 28 & 32 m each that feed the two-generation units.
10
CALDERAS DAM
The concrete gravity-type dam is located over the Calderass river with 25 m of height and an volume of 25,000 m3, forming a reservoir with a capacity of 300,000 m3. It includes a central free discharge-type spillway of 60 m in width and 24 m in length, designed to evacuate a maximum probable flow of 1,100 m3/s. On the right margin of the dam, there is a structure for bottom discharge, built over one of the branches of the canal used for the deviation of the Calderas River, during the dam construction. The bottom discharge structure is controlled by a radial floodgate of 4,5 m x 4,0 m, activated by servomotors and an oleo hydraulic unit that allows sediment evacuation and the emptying of the reservoir. Water capture is performed through a vertical intake structure of 56 m in depth and 2,10 m in diameter; an upper pressure tunnel of 2,730 m in length; a vertical pressure well of 80m of height and 2,10 m in diameter; a lower pressure tunnel of 529 m in length, 424 m of which are linned with steel pipes. Downstream from the armored tunnel portal, conduction continues with an exposed pipe of 13 m in length, which forks in two branches that connect with the spherical valves.
RETROFIT PROJECT
The Calderas Power Plant was built between 1982 and 1986. In October 1987, the deviation of the Tafetanes River was completed and it began operating in
13
PATNGORAS DAM
The Patngoras dam with its 188 m of height becomes the second highest dam in the world, built of Roller Compacted Concrete -RCC-. It is a gravity incorporated spillway-type dam. It is located on the La Miel River, downstream from the Moro River outlet. The dam forms part of the Aman reservoir of 1.220 hectare with a volume of 571 Mm3, 425.3 Mm3 of which are useful volume. The dam has a length of 340 m, and the maximum normal level of the reservoir is located at the 445.5 m.a.s.l. The dam has a concrete volume of 1.73 Mm3.
15
DISCHARGE TUNNEL
The discharge tunnel is located on the left margin of the La Miel River and reverts the waters into the same river. The 9,0 m by 9,05 m section-discharge tunnel begins as a continuation of the oscillation cavern and has a total length of 4,1 km, with a concrete soleplate and coating in pneumatic concrete. On the exit, it has a reinforced concrete structure with guides for metallic planks
MAIN EQUIPMENT
The power plant had three generating units powered by vertical axis Francis-type turbines, which operate at 300 r.p.m., and have 132 MW of nominal power each. The three synchronous vertical shafts power generators, 24 poles and 13,8 kV, air cooling systems, static excitation with control systems, protections and instrumentation that incorporate the latest technology and that make them compatible with the digital system control of the power plant. To raise the voltage from 13,8 kV to 230 kV for the transmission of energy generated, three-phase transformers of 150 MVA are used, including a spare unit.
Generator Cavern
The main cavern has 19,3 m of width, 86,5 m of length and 38,8 m of height, and it accommodates three Francis turbines with their respective generators and auxiliary equipment.
Oscillation Cavern
Is located downstream from the generator cavern and serves for collecting the turbines discharge and for softening the pressure transients caused by the normal operation of the machines. The cavern has 52 m in length, 15 m of width and 44,5 m of height.
17
THERMAL
GENERATION
MAIN EQUIPMENT
Gas Turbines using as main fuel natural gas, with an approximate consumption of 50 million cubic feet per day and Jet A1 as emergency fuel from a storing tank of 1.050.000 gallons, with a two day operation autonomy. The steam turbine of 100 MW is of condensation type (354,72 t/h, 87,8 kg/cm2, 5I0 C), two pressures without reheat, coupled to a surface condenser with vacuum pressure of 83,8 mm Hg. The power generator is 130 MVA, 13,8 kV and fp. 0,8. Two heat recovery steam generators have been installed to the gas turbines. These natural circulation type-boilers have tow pressures (91,5/12,7 bar) without reheat and provided with a by-pass chimney and hot gas diverter damper to allow independent operation of the Simple Cycle and Combined Cycle. The Cooling system is the closed type, includes a counter-flow-type wet cooling tower, with induced draw assisted by fan, with a 17,466 m3/h water flow. Temperature decrease of 9,8C and it has a loss recovery through a deep well water extraction system with a capacity of 180 I/s. The plant has the following ancillary systems for a reliable and safe operation: Station for filtration, measuring, heating and natural gas regulation, City Gate, with 100% redundancy. Natural gas compression station with 100% redundancy. Fire protection system, with a 800 m3 tank. Control, instrumentation and telecomunication systems.
THE REGION
Because of its location, Termocentro has a strategic value inside the interconnected system. Its location offers, among others, the following advantages: Land communication with Bogota and Medelln, and fluvial communication with the Barranquilla port through the Magdalena River.
20
CLEAN TECHNOLOGY
It is important to highlight that energy produced with a combined cycle power plant is denominated as clean energy for the following reasons: Utilization of very clean fuel such as natural gas. An increase in plant efficiency and fuel savings, thanks to the use of hot gases to generate additional power in the steam cycle.
Decrease in exhost gas temperature into the atmosphere due to integration of the heat recovery boilers to the steam cycle. Minimal emission of contaminating gases into the atmosphere, by utilization of dry low NOx burners.
Efficient use of the water by using a closed cooling system with a cooling tower, avoiding discharge of hot waters into the Magdalena River.
21
ISAGEN understands the environmental integral management as that directed to maintain the environmental sustainability with the biotic, physical and social environment in which their entrepreneurial activities take place. For this reason, the Company, in all of their areas of influence, complies with the Environmental Corporate Policy. This Policy is the cornerstone for conducting an integral management according to their values of Social and Environmental Responsibility understood as the recognition of the responsibility and duties we have as individuals (citizens) and as a Corporation in the development of the country and the construction of an equitable and just society. Through the Environmental Management Plans, ISAGEN identifies, evaluates, prevents, minimizes, corrects, mitigates or compensates the negative environmental effects and increases the positive effects derived from the construction and operation of their productive centers. Furthermore, the Company identifies and informs the respective authorities of the impacts generated from the environment towards the company. Nevertheless, ISAGENs environmental management goes beyond abiding the law. The Company also develops a Biophysical Investment Program and a Social Investment Program, which in addition to provide financial resources, shape communities that are more involved and self motivated, thus contributing to the construction of the future and the environmental sustainability. The Junior Chamber of Colombia recognized ISAGENs performance in 2003 with the award in the Public Sector Category as the Company with the Best Social Projection in the country and in the same year, the Punchin and San Lorenzo reservoirs were recognized by the Alexander Von Humboldt Institute as Important Areas for the Conservation of Birds - AICA. It is noteworthy that ISAGEN has an Environmental Management System for the San Carlos, Jaguas Miel I and Termocentro power plants and, certified by ICONTEC, under the ISO 14001 norm 2004 version, that guarantees the organization, evaluation and the continuous improvement of the processes and activities related to the environment. In such a way, ISAGEN performs in the national energy industry as a company with integral processes, determined to provide an appropriate commercial answer to their clients with firm, opportune and quality energy, all with social and environmental responsibility.
23