Digital Image Processing: Image Processing Is Processing of The Image So As To Reveal The Inner Details of The Image
Digital Image Processing: Image Processing Is Processing of The Image So As To Reveal The Inner Details of The Image
Digital Image Processing: Image Processing Is Processing of The Image So As To Reveal The Inner Details of The Image
ABSTRACT
Image Processing is processing of the image so as to reveal the inner details of the image
for further investigation. With the advent of digital computers, Digital Image Processing has
started revolutionizing the world with its diverse applications. The field of Image Processing
continues, as it has since the early 1970’s, on a path of dynamic growth in terms of popular
and scientific interest and number of commercial applications. Considering the advances in
the last 30 years resulting in routine application of image processing to problems in medicine,
entertainment, law enforcement, and many others.
INTRODUCTION:
Image compression:
Image compression solves the problem of reducing the amount of data required to
represent the image. The basis of compression lies in removal of redundant data that might be
useful for the purpose of storage. Image compression also plays a main role in transmitting
data through Internet.
Image enhancement:
Enhancement as the name indicates is to enhance the image so as to bring the
details of the parts of the image which are obscured due to some distortion in the image. The
principal objective behind image enhancement is to process the image so that it results in an
image which is more suitable for the particular application where that image is applied than
the original image.
Enhancement of the image using Filters:
Image segmentation:
Segmentation of the image is to subdivide a image into its constituent regions or
objects. Image segmentation algorithms generally are based on one of two basic properties of
intensity values: discontinuity and similarity. In the first category, approach is to partition the
image based on abrupt changes in intensity, such as edges of the image. The second approach
is to partition the image into regions that are similar according to set of predefined criteria.
APPLICATIONS:
There are a wide variety of fields where Image Processing is applied. Some of them include
bio-medicine
analyzing geographical conditions
weather analysis
Remote sensing.
The proposed system aims at taking the input images as the photographic images
scanned and to compare and contrast the same image in several aspects with the
normal image and study and display the various homologous, analogous
characteristics and to display the medical conclusions by studying the innermost
parts of the eye.
The main aim of our project is to develop software, which will take a biological
image, in this case, the human eye, and to completely analyze it and to detect
certain common, yet chronic diseases.
Basic Principle:
Store the standard defective eye in the database.
Scan the photographic image of the patient.
Compare the images using Digital Image Processing techniques.
Infer the disease and suggest remedial measures.
Features:
The proposed software system uses the general method of processing a two
dimensional picture by a digital computer.
In the proposed system, the image which is inputted can either be transparencies,
slide photographs, X-ray or a chat.
Uses the general Image Processing techniques.
In Turbo C the color ranges from 0 to 15.The process of matrix addition is used during
the comparison of the images. If in this process if the value of addition exceeds 15 the final
value will be assigned to 15 and this condition indicates the defect because the assigned color
for the value 15 will be different when compared to the value obtained.
Symptoms:
• Generally No Symptoms
• Blind Spots will be on Vision or side or Peripheral
• Blurred vision
• Severe Eye pain
• Headache
Diabetic Retinopathy:
Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes and a leading cause of
blindness.
It occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels inside the retina, the
light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye
Sample image of person’s eye affected by Diabetic Retinopathy
Symptoms:
A few specks of blood, or spots, "floating" in the vision are seen.
Hemorrhages tend to happen more than once, often during sleep.
Cornea ulcer: A corneal ulcer is an open sore in the cornea, the clear and round front part of
the eye through which light passes. Tissue loss because of inflammation produces an ulcer.
The ulcer can either be located in the center of the cornea and greatly affect the vision or be
placed in the periphery and not affect it so much.
Symptoms:
Severe Pain
Eyes may become sensitive to bright light.
Iritis:
Iritis a form of Anterior Uveitis is a term for an inflammatory disorder of the
colored part of the eye (iritis).
Iritis is an inflammation inside the eye, the condition is potentially sight
threatening.
Symptoms:
Light sensitivity
Red eye
Blurred vision
Frame processes:
These processes alter the pixel values within an image based on the pixel
values in one or more additional images. In the frame process, both the database image of the
standard defective eye and that of the image of the patient’s eye affected by the disease are
separated into different frames.
So the images are compared within a particular frame, and detects whether
the disease is present in that frame which obviously indicates whether the image is present in
that part of the eye. Whenever the program is executed it takes the frame and compares inside
that part of the frame.
Point processes:
These processes alter the pixel value in the image based only upon the original
value of the pixel and possibly its location within an image. In the point process a single point
(pixel) is checked. During the execution the point that is to be compared with the database
image and the sample image is entered. The point process checks whether the disease is
present at that point.
FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS:
Image signal processing is a fast growing field, and little can be predicted of
what would be possible 50 years from now. However, key areas of research are being
directed includes improving the traditional tools for compression, transmission,
modulating, coding and encryption. On going efforts should be made in developing open
standards to ensure inter-operability. With our appetite for media rich and bandwidth
hungry resources increasing, and the majority of users still relying on the Plain Old
Telephone system for the Internet, there is increasing bottleneck in information delivery.
References:
1. William K. Pratt, “Digital Image Processing”, Wiley eastern publications, 3rd
edition.