Hankel Transform
Hankel Transform
Hankel Transform
\
|
+ + + (1)
Figure (1): Schematic of the hollow cylinder.
Since the case is not dependent on , equation (1) can be written as equation (2):
t zz r rr
2
u u u
r
1
u c =
|
.
|
\
|
+ + (2)
In which:
( )
2
2
rr
r
t z, r, u
u
=
( )
r
t z, r, u
u
r
=
( )
2
2
zz
z
t z, r, u
u
=
( )
t
t z, r, u
u
t
=
Where u is the temperature, z the height, r the radius of the cylinder. Also t stands for the time and
c for diffusivity factor. The boundary and initial condition are considered in equations (3-7):
( ) 0 t z, a, u = (3)
( )
z
b
e T t z, b, u = (4)
( ) 0 t r,0, u = (5)
( ) 0 t h, r, u = (6)
Intl. Res. J. Appl. Basic. Sci. Vol., 3 (4), 758-769, 2012
760
( ) 0 t z, r, u = (7)
Where
b
T is a constant temperature. In order to solve the PDE equation, integral transformations are
used. The first transformation is Laplace which changes the domain of time to s , equation (8):
( ) z,0 r, u u s u u
r
1
u c
zz r rr
2
=
|
.
|
\
|
+ + (8)
In which:
( ) ( ) { } t z, r, u L s z, r, u =
( )
2
2
rr
r
s z, r, u
u
=
( )
r
s z, r, u
u
r
=
( )
2
2
zz
z
s z, r, u
u
=
Second transformation is Fourier Cosine and therefore equation (8) changes to equation (9):
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] ( ) s n, r, u s s h, r, u 1 s r,0, u 2 s n, r, u n u
r
1
u c
z
1 n
z
2 2
r rr
2
=
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
+
(9)
Where:
( ) ( ) dz z)
h
n
cos( s z, r, u
h
2
s n, r, u
h
0
}
=
( )
2
2
rr
r
s n, r, u
u
=
( )
r
s n, r, u
u
r
=
The boundary conditions of the bottom and top of the cylinder appears in equation (9) which are zeroes.
Forming the equations as following:
( ) ( ) ( ) s n, r, u cn s u
r
1
u c
2
r rr
2
+ =
|
.
|
\
|
+ (10)
Finite Hankel transform can be applied. The general formulation is presented in equation (11) [9]:
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) n f k a f
a k J a
b k 2J
b f
b
2
x
m l
dx
d
x
2l 1
dx
d
H
2
i
i m
l
i m
l 2
2 2
2
2
m
=
(
+ = (11)
Selecting l , mequal to zero in equation (11), the left side of equation (10) is appeared and employing
the transformation results the equation (12):
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )u cn s s n, , k u k s n, a, u
a k J
b k 2J
s n, b, u
2
c
2
i
2
i
i 0
i 0 2
+ =
|
|
.
|
\
|
(12)
In which:
( ) ( ) { } s n, r, u H s n, , k u
0 i
=
Simplifying and applying the radial boundary conditions equation (12) turn into equation (13):
( )
( ) ( ) { }
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
+ +
=
2 2
n
b
2
i
2
2
i
n 1
1 e 1
s
T
ck cn s
1
4c
s n, , k u (13)
We separate equation (13) into two parts 0 n = and 0 n > . First, for 0 n > , inverse finite Hankel
Transform is applied in equation (14):
Intl. Res. J. Appl. Basic. Sci. Vol., 3 (4), 758-769, 2012
761
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] r k Y b k J b k Y r k J
n 1
1 e 1
s
T
ck cn s
1
4c
bk J ak J
ak J k
2
s n, r, u
i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 2 2
n
b
2
i
2
2
i
2
0 i
2
0
i
2
0
2
i
inf
1 i
2
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
+ +
=
=
(14)
Taking inverse Fourier Cosine transform, equation (15) is formed:
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
+ +
=
= =
z
s
n
cos r k Y b k J b k Y r k J
n 1
1 e 1
S
T
ck cn s
1
4c
bk J ak J
ak J k
2
s z, r, u
i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 2 2
n
b
inf
1 n
2
i
2
2
i
2
0 i
2
0
i
2
0
2
i
inf
1 i
2
(15)
Finally, inverse Laplace transform should be taken, equation (16):
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) { }
( )
t ck cn
i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 2 2
n
2
i
2
inf
1 n i
2
0 i
2
0
i
2
0
2
i
b
inf
1 i
2
2
i
2
e 1 z
h
n
cos r k Y b k J b k Y r k J
n 1
1 e 1
ck cn
1
bk J ak J
ak J k
T 2c t z, r, u
+
= =
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
+
=
(16)
In order to solve in steady state solution, t is considered infinity, so equation (16) is written in the form of
equation (17):
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
+
=
= =
z
h
n
cos r k Y b k J b k Y r k J
n 1
1 e 1
ck cn
1
bk J ak J
ak J k
T 2c z r, u
i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 2 2
n
2
i
2
inf
1 n i
2
0 i
2
0
i
2
0
2
i
b
inf
1 i
2
(17)
The second part, 0 n = results equation (18):
( )
( )
( ) 1 e
s
T
ck s
1
2c
2
s ,0, k u
b
2
i
2
i
+
= (18)
In addition, taking inverse Finite Hankel and Laplace transforms change equation (18) to (19):
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
( )
( )
t ck
2
i
i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0
i
2
0 i
2
0
i
2
0
2
i
inf
1 i
b
2
2
i
e 1
ck
1
r k Y b k J b k Y r k J
1 e
bk J ak J
ak J k
T c
2
t r,0, u
=
(19)
As steady-state analytical solution, equation (20) is appeared:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) r k Y b k J b k Y r k J 1 e
bk J ak J
ak J
T
2
r u
i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0
i
2
0 i
2
0
i
2
0
inf
1 i
b
=
=
(20)
The final steady-state solution is both parts of answers in equation (21):
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
+
+
= =
=
z
h
n
cos r k Y b k J b k Y r k J
n 1
1 e 1
ck cn
1
bk J ak J
ak J k
T 2c
r k Y b k J b k Y r k J 1 e
bk J ak J
ak J
T z r, u
i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 2 2
n
2
i
2
inf
1 n i
2
0 i
2
0
i
2
0
2
i
b
inf
1 i
2
i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0
i
2
0 i
2
0
i
2
0
inf
1 i
b
(21)
Intl. Res. J. Appl. Basic. Sci. Vol., 3 (4), 758-769, 2012
762
In order to simulate
i
k should found by equation (22) [9]:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 b k Y a k J a k Y b k J
i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0
= (22)
In which 0.5 a = , 1 b = . In table (1) the roots of equation (22) are presented.
Table (1): Roots of the equation (22).
1
k 6.24
11
k 69.11
21
k 131.94
31
k 194.77
41
k 257.60
2
k 12.54
12
k 75.39
22
k 138.22
32
k 201.06
42
k 263.89
3
k 18.83
13
k 81.67
23
k 144.51
33
k 207.34
43
k 270.17
4
k 25.12
14
k 87.96
24
k 150.79
34
k 213.62
44
k 276.45
5
k 31.40
15
k 94.24
25
k 157.07
35
k 219.91
45
k 282.74
6
k 37.69
16
k 100.52
26
k 163.36
36
k 226.19
46
k 289.02
7
k 43.97
17
k 106.81
27
k 169.64
37
k 232.47
47
k 295.30
8
k 50.26
18
k 113.09
28
k 175.92
38
k 238.75
48
k 301.59
9
k 56.54
19
k 119.37
29
k 182.21
39
k 245.04
49
k 307.87
10
k 62.82
20
k 125.66
30
k 188.49
40
k 251.32
50
k 314.15
Considering C 100 T
b
\
|
+ + + (28)
Intl. Res. J. Appl. Basic. Sci. Vol., 3 (4), 758-769, 2012
763
Next step, finite Fourier Cosine transform is employed, so the equation turns into equation (29):
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( ) s n, , r, u s
s h, , r, u 1 s ,0, r, u 2 s n, , r, u n u
r
1
u
r
1
u c
z
1 n
z
2 2
2 r rr
2
=
|
.
|
\
|
+ + +
+
(29)
Boundary conditions at the bottom and the top of the cylinder are zero so the simplified equation is
appeared as equation (30):
( ) ( ) s n, , r, u s s n, , r, u n u
r
1
u
r
1
u c
2 2
2 r rr
2
=
|
.
|
\
|
+ + (30)
Taking Periodic Fourier transformation and simplify the equation result:
( ) ( ) ( ) s n, m, r, u
~
cn s u
~
r
m
u
~
r
1
u
~
c
2
2
2
r rr
2
+ =
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ (31)
In which:
( ) ( )
}
im
d e s n, , r, u s n, m, r, u
~
( )
2
2
rr
r
s n, , r, u
u
~
=
( )
r
s n, , r, u
u
~
r
=
Considering l
equal to zero in equation (11) and applying Hankel Transform the solution forms as
equation (32):
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
i
2
2
i
ck cn s
s n, m, b, u
~
2c
s n, m, , k u
+ +
= (32)
In which:
( )
( ) ( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
=
m
1 2I
n 1
1 e 1
s
2T
s n, m, b, u
~
m
2 2
n
b
Equation (32) is considered in two parts: 0 n = and 0 n > . For the first case taking inverse Hankel
transform results equation (33):
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] r k Y b k J b k Y r k J
m
1 2I
n 1
1 e 1
s
2T
ck cn s
1
2c
bk J ak J
ak J k
2
s n, m, r, u
~
i m i m i m i m
m
2 2
n
b
2
i
2
2
i
2
m i
2
m
i
2
m
2
i
inf
1 i
2
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
+ +
=
=
(33)
Using inverse Laplace, Periodic Fourier and Cosine Fourier transforms equation (33) changes to equation
(34):
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] ( )
( ) ( ) { }
( )
t ck cn im
i m i m i m i m
m
2 2
n
inf
1 n
inf m
inf m
2
i
2
i
2
m i
2
m
i
2
m
2
i
inf
1 i
b
2
2
i
2
e 1 z n cos e r k Y b k J b k Y r k J
m
1 2I
n 1
1 e 1
ck cn
1
bk J ak J
ak J k
T c
t z, , r, u
+
=
=
= =
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
+
=
(34)
Moreover, the steady state answer is, equation (35):
Intl. Res. J. Appl. Basic. Sci. Vol., 3 (4), 758-769, 2012
766
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] ( ) z n cos e r k Y b k J b k Y r k J
m
1 2I
n 1
1 e 1
ck cn
1
bk J ak J
ak J
T k c
z , r, u
im
i m i m i m i m
m
2 2
n
inf
1 n
inf m
inf m
inf
1 i
2
i
2
i
2
m i
2
m
i
2
m
b
2
i
2
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
+
=
=
=
= =
(35)
Also the solution of the second part is, equation (36):
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
im
i m i m i m i m
m
t ck
inf m
inf m
inf
1 i
2
i
2
i
2
m i
2
m
i
2
m b
e r k Y b k J b k Y r k J
m
1 2I
e 1
ck cn
1
bk J ak J
ak J
2
T
2
t ,0, r, u
2
i
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
=
= =
(36)
And the steady state answer for this part is, equation (37):
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
im
i m i m i m i m
m
inf m
inf m
inf
1 i
2
i
2
i
2
m i
2
m
i
2
m b
e r k Y b k J b k Y r k J
m
1 2I
1 e
ck cn
1
bk J ak J
ak J
2
T
2
,0 r, u
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
=
= =
(37)
Finally, the analytical answer for steady-state situation is presented in equation (38):
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] ( ) z n cos e r k Y b k J b k Y r k J
m
1 2I
n 1
1 e 1
ck cn
1
bk J ak J
ak J
T k c
e r k Y bk J bk Y r k J
m
1 2I
1 e
ck cn
1
bk J ak J
ak J
2
T
z , r, u
im
i m i m i m i m
m
2 2
n
inf
1 n
inf m
inf m
inf
1 i
2
i
2
i
2
m i
2
m
i
2
m
b
2
i
2
im
i m i m i m i m
m
inf m
inf m
inf
1 i
2
i
2
i
2
m i
2
m
i
2
m b
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
+
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
=
=
= =
=
= =
(38)
In order for simulating
i
k should found by equation (39) [9]:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 b k Y a k J a k Y b k J
i m i m i m i m
= (39)
In which 0.5 a = , 1 b = and 10 m 10 . In table (2) the roots of equation (39) are presented.
Table (2): Roots of the equation (40).
m -10,10 -9.9 -8,8 -7,7 -6,6 -5,5 -4,4 -3,3 -2,2 -1,1 0
1
k 14.5 13.40 12.31 11.23 10.18 9.19 8.26 7.45 6.81 6.93 6.24
2
k 18.82 17.80 16.84 15.93 15.10 14.37 13.74 13.23 12.85 12.62 12.54
3
k 23.57 22.74 21.97 21.27 20.65 20.11 19.66 19.30 19.04 18.88 18.83
4
k 28.84 28.17 27.55 27.00 26.51 26.09 25.74 25.47 25.28 25.16 25.12
5
k 34.45 33.89 33.38 32.93 32.53 32.19 31.91 31.69 31.53 31.43 31.40
6
k 40.26 39.78 39.35 38.97 38.63 38.34 38.11 37.93 37.79 37.71 37.69
7
k 46.2 45.78 45.40 45.07 44.78 44.54 44.33 44.18 44.06 44.00 43.97
8
k 52.4 51.84 51.51 51.22 50.97 50.75 50.57 50.43 50.33 50.28 50.26
9
k 58.28 57.96 57.66 57.40 57.17 56.98 56.82 56.70 56.61 56.56 56.54
10
k 64.40 69.40 63.83 63.60 63.39 63.22 63.08 62.97 62.89 62.84 62.82
Intl. Res. J. Appl. Basic. Sci. Vol., 3 (4), 758-769, 2012
767
Considering C 100 T
b
= and 1 c = , simulation results are obtained. In figure (7), the temperature field is
shown and as it was expected; in this case, temperature is dependent on and with increasing that,
temperature is enlarged. Temperature at , =
has different signs so there is a jump at this point.
Roughness of the figure is caused by selecting small range for i , m, n . If these values are chosen in a
wide range, the result will be smoother.
Figure (7): The temperature field at 0.5 z = .
In order to verify the solution, finite element method is used and results the figure (8), the distribution of
temperature at 0.5 z = and
2
= .
Figure (8): The temperature field at 0.5 z = and
2
= .
Intl. Res. J. Appl. Basic. Sci. Vol., 3 (4), 758-769, 2012
768
And in figure (9) the variation of temperature at 0.75 r = and
2
= .
Conclusion
In this paper, the heat conduction of a hollow cylinder was discussed and solved as an exact solution
method. Using Generalized Finite Hankel Transform is systematic, simple and reliable as it was shown in
verifications with Finite Element Method. Two situations, axis symmetric and general case, were
explained and simulated. Finally, the results show that this method is suitable for solving PDE equations
in cylindrical coordinates.
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