Folks, Gyro-compass Mark XIV, Mod. 1, 17-MOOD, 1944, is a service manual for the most widely built gyro ofWW II. This gyro was used onpretty muchany ship that did not have automated fire control. Inthis online version ofthe manual we have attempted to keep the flavor of the original layout while taking advantage ofthe Web's universal accessibility. Different browsers and fonts will cause the text to move, but the text will remainroughly where it is inthe original manual. Inadditionto errors we have attempted to preserve fromthe original this text was captured by optical character recognition. This process creates errors that are compounded while encoding for the Web. Please report any typos, or particularly annoying layout issues with the MailFeedback Formfor correction. Richard Pekelney Webmaster Search HNSA.ORG http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 1/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 2/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 GYRO-COMPASS MARK XIV, MOD. I INSTRUCTIONS 17-1400D JUNE 1944 SPERRY GYROSCOPECOMPANY, INC., MANHATTANBRIDGEPLAZA, BROOKLYN, NEW YORK I SPERRY GYRO-COMPASS FOREWORD 1. The purpose of this book is to enable the ship's personnel to operate and maintaintheir Gyro-Compass ina satisfactory and economical manner. Ifthe basic principles ofthe Compass are understood and the rules laid down for operation, care and maintenance are followed carefully, the instrument should give satisfactory service for many years. Nonnalreplacements, due to wear, will be necessary fromtime to time. Most ofthese replacements may be made bythe Compass operator, following the instructions contained inthis book. But the operator should not attempt to make any repairs or adjustments other thanthose noted inthe text, otherwise he may seriously affect the adjustments and balances ofthe compass. It will be found more economical to have a Gyro-Compass Service Engineer make any major adjustments, overhauls, etc. The Sperry Gyroscope http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 3/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 Company, Inc. maintains a staff of expert Service Engineers readyto render quick and efficient service inany port inthe United States. A list of service stations will be found at the end ofthis foreword. Ifit is necessary to engage a Service Engineer, time and money will be saved by stating inyour request for service the nature and cause ofthe trouble. 2. Basically the Compass is muchlike the very popular Mk. VT and VIII Compasses, ofwhich over 1000 have beenplaced inservice onships representingalmost every maritime nationinthe world. Many improvements indesign are present inthe newcompass but since they are too numerous to detail here, only a few outstanding changes will be mentioned. 3. The binnacle is designed to support the Compass insuch a manner that the entire unit is shock-proofed. The doors are large, permittingfree access for oiling and cleaning. 4. Hiemercury ballistic is cast inone piece so as not to be subject to distortion. The mercury tubes are made of stainless steeL 5. The follow-up systemfor the Compass is the a-c amplifier type. The great advantage ofthe Amplifier Unit over the trolleys and contactors, formerly used, is that it permits muchsmoother and more accurate transmission ofthe Master Compass readings to the repeater compasses. Itsuse also eliminates any rollingor sliding contact betweenthe sensitive and phantomelements. This serves to lessenfriction about the vertical axis ofthe sensitive element and assists inimprovingthe accuracy ofthe compass. Furthermore, maintenance requirements are minimized. 6. Inorder to secure constancy ofbalance, all parts are made to have the utmost rigidity, thus balances once made are permanent. 7. Special attentionhas beendevoted to ruggedness, simplicity, and accessibility of construction. This is considered specially important for the proper maintenance of a compass equipment aboard ship. 8. The Mark XIV Gyro-Compass Equipment consists ofthe following groups ofunits: (a) Master Compass, bywhichthe true northreadingis gyroscopically discovered and maintained. II (b) Repeater Compasses, whichreceive and indicate the true headingtransmitted electrically from the Master Compass. (c) Course Recorder, which also receives the tme headingelectrically fromthe Master Compass, and makes a continuous record of the headingona movingstrip ofpaper. (d) Control Panel, for governing the electrical operationofthe systemand for ascertaining the runningconditionbymeans of a suitable meter. (e) Voltage Regulator, to maintainconstant the ship's supply to the motor-generator. (f) AlarmUnit, for indicating failure ofthe ship's supply. (g) Amplifier Panel, for controllingthe follow-up system. (h) Motor-generator, which converts the ship's d-c supply to a-c for energizing the Compass http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 4/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 equipment. 9. Items a and b are treated inthis pamphlet; likewise d, e and f are treated inanother pamphlet. The remaining items are treated separately. The separate pamphlets are designed to be bound within one cover for convenience. MARINESERVICE STATIONS East Coast Baltimore, Md. Boston, Mass. Brooklyn, N. Y Charleston, S. C. to 4908 AlsonDrive 177 State Street 55 Johnson Street 1645 Belmonte Avenue, Erik Duffy Daniel O'Keeffe Marine Service Dept. Wm D. VanLoan Jacksonville, Fla. Area Jacksonville, Florida Norfolk, Va. to 3504 White Chapel Road James Duffy Wilmington, N. C. Area Norfolk, Virginia Philadelphia, Pa. 3830 Brunnswick Avenue John Stone Gulf Coast Beaumont, Texas Houston, Texas Mobile, Alabama NewOrleans, La. 1047 Washington Blvd. HE. Camus 4037 Coleridge Street E. L. Anderson 403 Westwood Avenue C G. Fiske 549 Baronne Street J. E. Boelte St. Petersburg, Florida 3301 Tenth Street NorthC. W. Young, Jr. West Coast Los Angeles, Calif 2200 East Emperial HighwayWI. Selover ElSegundo, California III Portland, Ore. 1744 S. E. Hawthorne Blvd. GlennMarsh SanDiego, Calif 702 Broadway Building L. L. Kaiser SanFrancisco, Calif 218 Howard Street J F. McConkey Seattle, Wash. 2331 SeventhAvenue H. S. Burtis Great Lakes Ashtabula, Ohio 2528 Walnut Boulevard Arnold Nelson Buffalo, N. Y. 29 CharlestonRoad, Snyder, N. Y. W J. Ekenberg Chicago, 111. 3006 East 78 Street Charles Blue Cleveland, Ohio 620 Frankfort Avenue Frank Phillips http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 5/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 Toledo, Ohio 1852 Wellesley Drive W. L. Weyls Territories Honolulu, T. H. 119 Merchant Street E. C. Weyhgandt CONTENTS Section Page Description I 1 Operation II 9 Maintenance III 13 CleaningChart 18 OilingChart 20 Parts List IV 22 Fundamental Principles of Gyro-Compass Appendix al Index Back ofbook Control Panel CarbonPile Regulator and AlarmUnit Control Panel Amplifier Panel for Gyro-Compass Amplifier Panel Motor Generator Mark XXXVI, Mod 1 Motor Generator IV ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page Gyro-Compass 1 1 Sensitive Element 2 2 PhantomElement 3 3 MercuryBallistic 4 3 Spider Element 5 4 Speed and Latitude Corrector Mechanism 6 5 Compass Transmission System: Schematic Diagram 7 7 RollDamper 8 16 Pitch Damper 9 17 Cleaning and OilingCharts 19. 21 APPENDIX The gyroscope has three axes of angular freedom la 2a When spinning, the gyro exhibits gyroscopic inertia 2a 2a The original plane ofrotationis maintained no matter howthe base is moved about 3a 2a Precessionabout the vertical axis 4a 3a Precessionabout the horizontal axis 5a 3a http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 6/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 Gyro rotor showninsection 6a 4a A gyro withits spinning axis set inthe east-west positionat the equator 7a 5a A gyro with its spinning axis set horizontal at the pole 8a 6a A gyro with its spinning axis set horizontal at any point away fromthe equator 9a 7a To make the gyro seek the north 10a 7a Effect of the mercury ballistic when applied about the horizontal axis 11a 8a Diagramshowingthe effect of a mercury-controlied gyro wheel when set with its axle pointing 12a 9a east or north Elements of the gyro-compass 13a 9a Action of the gyro axis when the mercuryballistic is connected to its casing through aneccentric 14a 10a pivot Gyro-compass damping curve 15a 1la Effect ofunsymmetrical distribution ofweight 16a 12a Diagramillustratingthe effect of ship's speed and latitude onthe gyro-compass 17a 14a 1 SECTIONI - DESCRIPTION - 1. NOTE: A discussion ofthe frmdamental principles of the gyroscope is contained inthe Appendix to this text. SENSITIVEELEMENT 2. A gyro must be mounted so that it has 3 degrees of freedom This is accomplished inthe Sperry Gyro compass as described inthe followingparagraphs. 3. The gyro wheel is mounted onballbearings ina case so that the wheel is free to turn about its SPINNING AXIS. See figure 1. Since the axle ofthe gyro aligns itselfwith the meridianwe may speak of the northend and the south end ofthe axle. Carryingthis terminology further, we refer to the northand south ends of the gyro rotor case, and the east and west sides ofthe case. 4. The case is providedwith studs aligned horizontally onthe east and west sides. These studs rest inbearings inthe vertical ring. Refer to figure 2. This provides the gyro and ease with freedomabout the HORIZONTAL AXIS. http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 7/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 soyth v|w figure i mouth MK, XIV GYRO COMPASS REMOVED FPC-M aiHN4GLEi I SPEED AND LATITUDE COHRECTGH ID SOT DP GAS.E 1. SuSPENtlflK cap II. MEftCUftT 94LLI'3Tio 4. FOLLOW-UP TRANSFORMER >?- AZIMUTH MOTOR 5,. TRANSMITTER 11, SPItEft TEfiMIMAL flt.QGK i. THUNNlDIl HEADINGS 19. LOST MOTION ADJUST ING KNOB 7 VERTICAL FING J1, VEATIC4L RING LOCK 6. COMPENSATOR WEIGHT S I SPEED AND LATITUDE CORRECTOR SETTING KNOB $. PHANTOM fllNO SB. AUXILIARY LAtlTUOE CORRECTOR SETTING KNOB 2 5. The vertical ringis providedwithballbearings aligned inthe vertical axis ofthe Compass. This provides the gyro with freedomabout the VERTICAL AXIS. The vertical bearings referred to do not actually support the vertical ringand hence they are called the (upper and lower) guide bearings. The actual weight ofvertical ring, case and gyro is home by a group ofwires called a suspension. The reasonfor this is discussed under PHANTOMELEMENT. 6. Fromparagraphs 3, 4, and 5 it canbe seenthat the gyro is mounted withthe necessary 3 degrees of freedom The gyro wheel, its case, the vertical ringand the suspension constitute the north-seeking assembly of the Compass and are collectively knownas the sensitive element. 7. Because the sensitive element is the north-seekingpart of the Compass, it must be kept as free as possible fromdisturbing forces. The whole Compass is mounted inits binnacle ona gimbal systemso that it may hang undisturbed bythe rollingand pitchingmotionofthe ship. Due to any number of causes the Compass might start swinging onits gimbal supports and thus be subjected to a disturbing force called the "pendulumeffect". This effect arises fromthe feet that any weight swingingback and forth as a Pendulumwill turn so as to align its longest axis inthe plane ofthe swing. Inorder to give the sensitive element the effect of a sphere so that it has no "longest axis" and thus not be subjected to the disturbingpendulumeffect, certainweights are added to the vertical ring. These weights are called COMPENSATORWEIGHTS (see figure 2). They are accurately positioned onassembly at the factory and fromthe above it can be seenthat THE SETTINGOF THE COMPENSATORWEIGHTS MUSTNOTBEDISTURBED. PHANTOMELEMENT http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 8/75 FIGURE 2 SENSITIVE ELEMENT 7 VERTICAL RING 9 COMPENSATOR WEIGHT 10 ROTOR CASE \4. SUSPENSION Ij compensator Wi'OHT FRAME 17 CASE LEVEL 18 ROTOR SEARING HOUSING PLATE 21. HORIZONTAL CASE BEARING 22 OIL WELL WiAi&OW 23 FOLLOW-UP TRANSFORMER ARMATURE 24 armature BRACKET 25 UPPER AND LOWER VERTPCAL RINGQVIDE BEARING STUDS 26 $$ AC KjTflO SUPPLT 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 8. As explained inthe preceding, the sensitive element is the north-seekingelement ofthe Compass. For this reasonit must be mounted so as to be free to turn about a vertical axis inorder that the gyro axle may alignitselfwiththe meridian. The mountingmust also be arranged so that the sensitive element will not be carried away fromthe meridian as the ship turns beneathit. Any bearingfriction, while the sensitive element turns (withrespect to the binnacle) about a vertical axis, would cause a disturbance of the Compass. A practically frictionless method ofmountingthe sensitive element must be used. The method employed inthe Sperry | Gyro-Compass is explained inthe followingparagraphs. 3 http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 9/75 10. Since the phantomelement is kept accurately aligned with the sensitive element, the former provides a convenient place to mount the compass card. Reference to figure 3 shows the locationof the compass card, at the top ofthe phantomstem 11. The phantomelement, which consists primarily of a ring attached to a tubular piece called a stem, is supported bythe spider element (figure 5). Ball bearings, called stembearings, keep the 2 elements aligned and permit the former to turn freely withrespect to the latter. The phantomis supported fromthe hub ofthe spider ona roller thrust bearing. MERCURYBALLISTIC 12. The mercuryballistic (figure 4) is sometimes referred to as the control element. 13. The ballistic is suspended onhorizontal studs fitted into ballbearings inthe phantomringand is attached to a bearing onthe bottomofthe gyro case by means of anami called the link arm. The bearingreferred to is called the link bearingand is oflset .170" to the east of the vertical axis of the case. See Appendix for a discussion ofthe principle involved. II ~3* FIGURE 4 MERCURY BALLISTIC ae BAj-fcueims weights tube 37, WEHCL>*V nesciyoits 0lJNI<iHH IS viEfltLTflT rtESEhvo"? 4 I. BALLISTIC BE AftJNG iOvESS STUD _42. HflCMlCiyTAL HAL *Ei6hT STkiOi _ 4 14. As showninfigure 4, the 2 reservoirs inthe east side ofthe mercury ballistic are interconnected by stainless steel tubes. The west pair is similarly connected. Eachpair ofreservoirs contains 8 ounces ofmercury. 15. The mercury ballistic is designed to be non-pendulous withrespect to the horizontal axis. (Refer to para. 37 inthe Appendix.) The balance weights are mounted onstuds onthe reservoir covers. Care must be taken not to alter or interchange these weights. 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 9. It has already beensaid that the suspension supports the sensitive element. The top ofthe suspension is secured to the top ofthe phantomelement (refer to figure 3). As the sensitive element is turned inazimuth (i.e., about the vertical axis) it would tend to twist the suspension. However, the phantom element is also arranged so that it canturn about the vertical axis and, bymeans of the follow-up system, is made to follow every movement ofthe sensitive element. This systemof support supplies a practically frictionless mountingofthe sensitive element. The manner inwhichthe phantomis made to follow the sensitive element is described under FOLLOW- UP SYSTEM. FfGURE 3 PHANTOM ELEMENT 9. PHANTOM RiWij iG. lOiMER VERTICAL RING GUIDE BEARING 1 9- STM THRUST BEARING 27 SUSPENSION CAP 20.COMPASS CARD 29. UPPER STEM BEARING 30.AZIMUTH CEAfi 31.VERTICAL RING LOCK 3Z. FOLLOW- UP rRANSFVR 34.MERCURY BALLISTIC bearing JS.MgRCuRY Ballistic bearing OIL GUP 40 STEM SLIP RINGS http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl4/ 10/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 SPIDER ELEMENT 16. The spider element (see figure 5) is mounted onthe gimbal systemofthe binnacle onathwartship trunnions. It carries (a) the azimuth motor which drives the phantomelement to follow the sensitive element (see FOLLOW-UPPANEL), (b) the transmitters for operatingthe repeater compasses (see TRANSMISSION SYSTEM), (c) the speed and latitude corrector, and (d) the lubber ring. 17. The spider consists of a mainframe, designed to bear the weight of the phantomand sensitive elements. The construction ofthe frame maybe seen infigure 5. A detachable lubber ringis earned onthe rimofthe spider frame. This ringcarries anadjustable lubber line plate which is engraved with a lubber line against which the compass card is read. The correctors mentioned are mounted onthe spider but are connected to the lubber ringso as to cause the latter to move as required. The con-ections inthe compass indication, as solved bythe corrector mechanisms, are thus introduced into the Compass by shifting the positionof the lubber ring. Hietransmitters for the repeater system, also mounted onthe lubber ring, introduce the compass correction into the repeater compasses automatically. 18. The speed and latitude corrector (figure 5) is designed to compensate boththe Master Compass and the repeater compass for the speed and latitude error. The correction for speed and latitude error could be set into the compass periodically, except that it varies as the cosine ofthe course and inversely as the cosine ofthe latitude. Therefore, some means of insertinga correction automatically for all changes incourse must be used. A groove called the cosine camis cut into the bottomofthe azimuth gear onthe phantomelement. This cam is designed to move the corrector mechanismthe proper amount to correct the compass readings for all changes incourse. Changes of speed ( over 3 knots) Fb&UKE 5 SPIDER ELEMENT I. 'SPSEP AND LATITUDE 45 LUBflEI* fiint C OHREdQR 5. TRANSMITTER 57 SPEEO ARth LAI CORRECTOR 6. TR-UhMlCR BEARING SETTING KNOB IE A.EIMUTH MOTOR 54 AUXILIARY L AT CORRECTOR 45 AilMUTH MOtDR LARGE GEAR 5S7TIRG KNO0 *4. SJfM SLIP ftING RfiU5HES 60 COSIHE CAM ARM 5 and latitude (over 3) are set inmanually. The corrector mechanismis shown schematically infigure 6. Roller 59 rides inthe cosine camwhich is cut into the lower side ofthe azimuth gear. As the Compass turns in azimuth, the camcauses arm60 to move. Arm60 constitutes a bell crank which moves arm62 about adjustable pivot 63. This motionis imparted inturnto arm64 through pivot 65. Arm64 moves a pivoted block 66 which is attached to lubber ring45. Thus the lubber ringis caused to move, as the ship changes course ina given latitude. It canbe seen, froma study of figure 6, that for a givenmovement of arm60, the amplitude of the resultingmovement of the lubber line is determined bythe positionofpivot 63. The positionof http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 11/75 FlKEC PlVQt 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 pivot 63 is a function of ship's speed and latitude. This positionis determined bymeans of a latitude scale whichmoves across a plate engraved with speed curves as knob 57 is turned. 19. It will be noted that pivot 66, which shifts the lubber ring, is mounted ona block whichmay be translated by means ofknob 58. This arrangement permits the correction for the tangent latitude error to be superimposed onthe speed correction. An auxiliary latitude scale enables this correctionto be set inaccurately. BINNACLE when the ship is inheavyweather, dampers are providedonthe gimbal system. See page 16 for descriptionand maintenance. * 5 LUBBER BINS 62 ARM 57 SPEED & LATITUDE SETTING 65 ADJUSTABLE RiVOT M A U*. LATITUDE STT|NG KM-Ofi 64 ARM *9 Cosine CAM hqllr 65 FIXED PiVOT 60 COSINL CAM ARM (bell CAMK)| 66 ADJUSTABLE BLOCK & PIVOT 20. The binnacle supports and provides a protective housingfor the Compass. It is providedwith a gimbal systemwithinwhich the Compass is suspended so that the Compass may hangvertically regardless of the ship's motion, within limits of 60roll and 20 pitch. FlGuftE 21. To prevent violent swinging ofthe Compass SPEED AND LATITUDE CORRECTOR MECHANISM 22. The entire Compass is shock-mounted inthe binnacle to absorb ship vibration. This is done to protect the Compass, movingparts fromexcessive wear whichmight result fromundue vibration. 6 23. The sides ofthe binnacle open onhinges to provide convenient access to the Compass. The top may be removedwhen necessary. 24. Two lamps, connected inparallel, are provided inthe binnacle for illumination. A switch and terminals are provided also inthe binnacle to connect the lamps to the lightingsystemofthe Compass compartment. GYRO-DRIVE SYSTEM 25. The gyro-drive systemlinks the ship's supply to the gyro wheel. 26. The Compass gyro wheel is drivenby a 3-phase inductionmotor. The rotor ofthe inductionmotor is a part ofthe gyro wheel, while the stator is attached to the gyro case. This motor is energized bya 3-phase, 210-cycle, 50 volt a-c supply. The method of obtaining this supply is described inseparate pamphlets entitled "Control Panel" and "Motor-Generator". 27. The supply is lead to the binnacle terminal block, thento the spider terminal block, throughthe slip-rings mounted onthe stemofthe phantomring, across to the vertical ring, downthe east "side" of the vertical ringas http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 12/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 far as the horizontal axis ofthe case, then across to the case and the gyro-drive motor. 28. This circuit has beenlead fromthe source of supply to the gyro motor inthe manner described so that the balance ofthe Compass will not be disturbed. Where the leads pass fromphantomelement to vertical ring, and fromvertical ringto rotor case, extra flexible conductors are used so as not to exert a torque onthe sensitive element. THEPOSITIONOF THESE LEADS SHOULDNOTBEDISTURBEDBYTHE COMPASS OPERATOR. TRANSMISSION SYSTEM 29. The transmission systemis used to transmit the headingofthe Master Gyro-Compass to all repeater compasses, and to the Course Recorder should the ship be supplied withthis instrument. 30. The systemoperates on70-volts d-c and consists of a transmitter attached to the lubber ringof the Gyro compass (see figure 5), connected electrically withthe repeater motor mounted inthe casing of eachrepeater compass. 3 1. The transmitter consists mainly of a commutator and a roller carnage. The commutator comprises 12 segments secured to the lower end ofthe transmitter frame. The roller carriage is secured to a shaft free to turn within the transmitter frame and the shaft is geared to the azimuth gear onthe phantomelement. A contact ami, held against the roller carriage by a spring, provides a means to holdthe carriage inplace and to connect it to the 70-volt d-c supply. 32. It has been previously stated that the compass card is attached to the stemofthe phantomelement, and that attached to the stembelowthe compass card is the azimuth gear (see figure 3). The gear onthe transmitter roller carriage is meshed withthe azimuth gear so that the latter will drive the roller carriage ofthe transmitter as the phantomelement moves inazimuth. 7 http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 13/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 FIGURE7 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM SHOWINGHOWTHE REPEATERCOMPASSES ARE OPERATEDFROMTHEMASTER COMPASS 33. The repeater compass consists of a small d-c step-by-step motor mounted ina casing. The motor drives a compass cardwhich is read against a lubber line secured to the casing. 34. A lamp for illuminatingthe repeater card is mounted under the repeater motor. The repeater bottomcover maybe removed for access to the lamp. A dimmer switch for controllingthe brilliancy of the repeater will be found inthe repeater stand. 35. Figure 7 shows the electrical connections betweentransmitter and repeater. The leads marked "Supply Line" are connected to a 70-volt d-c source: The 70-volt supply is obtained byreducingthe ship's 1 1 5-volt d- c supply by means of a carbonpile regulator or a series resistor (see circuit diagraminControl Panel instructionbook). Ifthe ship's supply is 220 volts, the 70-volt supply is obtained froma d-c generator which is incorporated inthe compass (220 V.) motor-generator set. 36. Lead 4 (figure 7) carries the positive legofthe circuit to the transmitter when the circuit breaker and repeater switches are closed onthe compass panel. At the transmitter the positive legis directed to lead 1, 2 or 3 depending onthe positionofthe roller carriage. The circuit thenpasses back to the panel, through the repeater switchto the correspondingly numbered coils onthe repeater motor. The returnto the panel is made through lead 5 which is connected through a fuse and the repeater switchto the commonreturnfor the various compass circuits. 8 37. Resistors for loadingthe transmitter, and condensers for quenching sparking as the roller carriage passes http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 14/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 fromsegment to segment, are connected inthe circuit at the compass binnacle tenninal block. See circuit diagraminthe Control Panel instruction book. FOLLOW-UPSYSTEM 38. The Gyro-Compass employs the a-c amplifier type of follow-up control. The amplifier panelused is external to the Compass and is described indetail ina separate pamphlet entitled "Amplifier Panel". For convenience, the operationwill be described briefly here. 39. A follow-up transformer is mounted onphantomelement (figure 3) so as to be normally aligned with an armature carried bythe sensitive element. The transformer has 3 legs; the center legis energized fromone phase ofthe 210 cycle supply to the gyro motor, while the 2 outer legs are connected to the vacuumtube amplifier insuch a way that whenthe transformer and armature are aligned, there is no signal to the amplifier. Whenthe sensitive element moves away fromthe phantomelement, the signal to the amplifier corresponds in directionand amount to the directionand amount of suchmovement. 40. The amplifier augments the input signal so as to control 2 rectifier tubes, which energize the azimuthmotor armature. Since the field of this motor is continuously excited fromthe d-c supply, the motor drives the phantomelement so as to bringthe transformer again opposite the armature onthe sensitive element. Thenthe input to the amplifier ceases and the motor stops. 41. Because ofthe sensitivity ofthe follow-up control, inactual operationthe phantomelement never becomes more than slightly displaced fromthe vertical ring, and uponbeingso displaced is instantly brought back into alignment. RADIOFILTER 42. An electrical filter, comprising chokes and condensers, is usually providedwithinthe binnacle so as to suppress any interference withthe radio equipment onthe Ship. 9 SECTIONII - OPERATION - PREPARINGTO START 43. Preparations should be begunpreferably at least 4 hours before the Compass is required for service. 44. Make certain that all supply switches are open. 45. Unlock binnacle top cover, openone door and make sure that vertical ringand rotor case locks are applied. 46. Take hold ofbothsides ofphantomand vertical rings and turn themslowly until compass card indicates approximate headingof ship. The Compass should never be turned inazimuth, withthe power olf bypressure oncompensator weights or mercury ballistic. 47. Check height of oil onoil well windows. Make sure that oil level isjust evenwith center of dot onwindow and that oil level is the same onbothsides of Compass. http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 15/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 48. Test alarmbythrowing switchonalarmunit for a second or so, to make sure relay fijnctions. 49. Adjust speed and latitude and auxiliary latitude correctors to proper setting. (See paragraphs 67 to 69.) STARTINGCOMPASS 50. Throw control switchoncontrol panel to ON. 5 1. Pull out circuit breaker plunger oncontrol panel to energize motor generator. Holdplunger out byhand until motor-generator speeds up (inabout 5 seconds). 52. When starting alongside a dock, wait until rotor is up to speed (inapproximately 10 minutes), then turn on follow-up switch onamplifier panel. (Whenstartingup at sea, release the rotor case and vertical ringlocking latches immediately and steady the rotor case byhand until rotor is up to speed.) 53. Wait one minute for rectifier tube filaments to heat up. 54. Release rotor case and vertical ringlockinglatches. 55. TurnON azimuth motor switch at amplifier panel. 56. Synchronize all repeaters to the same headingas the Master Compass, and then close all repeater switches. 57. Turn switchat alarmunit so as to silence alarm. 10 58. Reset Compass onship's headingbypressingdownonone or the other ofthe rotor case bearinghousings, and ifnecessary level the rotor bypressingagainst the vertical ringuntil bubble is onnormal settled position. Check repeaters, and synchronize ifnecessary. SETTINGCOMPASS ONMERIDIANWHEN DIRECTIONOFNORTHISKNOWN 59. After Compass is up to speed and operating normally, precess Compass bypressingontop of either rotor case bearinghousinguntil zero oncompass cardpoints true north, at whichtime the card will indicate the true headingof the ship. Then level the case bybringingbubble to normal settled positionand allow Compass one hour to settle. SETTINGCOMPASS ONMERIDIANWHENDIRECTIONOFNORTHISUNKNOWN Within2 Hours After Rotor Has Come Upto Speed 60. Levelthe case; approximately 21 minutes later level it again; approximately 21 minutes later level it a third time. The Compass thenwill indicate approximately the true meridian. Whenthe bubble remains at its normal operatingposition, the Compass has settled onthe true meridian. Within One Hour After Rotor Has Come Upto Speed 61. Levelthe case and observe rate oftravel ofrotor case level bubble, inminutes of arc for any convenient period oftime (say 3 minutes). Also note direction ofmovement. http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 16/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 62. Divide number of minutes of arc throughwhichbubble traveled bynumber ofminutes of time allowed for the test. Multiplythis quotient bythe constant 5. The product will give approximate number of degrees deflection frommeridian. 63. Ifbubble travels to south, Compass should be precessed to east, and ifbubble travels to north, Compass should be precessed to west. Amount ofprecessionshould be equal to number of degrees obtained in precedingparagraph. Thus, ifbubble moves to south at rate of 6 minutes of arc in2 minutes of time, when Compass headingwas 125, then northend of Compass is pointingapproximately 6/2x5= 15west of the meridianand it should be precessed this number of degrees to the east, or to 125- 15 = 110. 64. Level the case, again observe bubble movement and make a finer correctionifand when necessary. When bubble movement has become less than one minute of arc in5 minutes of time, Compass should be within one degree ofthe meridian. The foregoing rule is approximately accurate for deflections up to about 50inlatitudes between0and 60. 65. Care should be taken that Compass is not started exactly 180oflfthe meridian, as bubble will travel very slowly whenCompass is headinginsuch a direction. 66. The settlingpositionofthe gyro axle relative to the meridianis reached when the bubble finally occupies its normal settled positioninthe leveL Incase the normal settled positionofthe bubble is not central, when Compass is settled onthe meridian, its normal settled positionshould be recorded and used inmakingthe above setting. 11 SETTINGTHE SPEED AND LATITUDECORRECTOR 67. When Compass is inoperation, the corrector should be set for the approximate speed and latitude of the ship. These settings need not be changed for small variations inspeed and latitude, but should be kept within 3 knots and 3respectively. 68. To set corrector, turnknob 57 (figure 1) until the scale line correspondingto the ship's latitude onthe movable latitude bar intersects the curve representingthe ship's speed onthe speed plate across whichthe latitude bar is movable. SETTINGTHE AUXILIARYLATITUDECORRECTOR 69. To set the auxiliary corrector, turnknob 58 (figure 1) until line engraved onlubber ringcoincides with approximate local latitude marked onadjustable block of corrector. IFALARM SOUNDS DURINGNORMALCOMPASS OPERATION 70. A momentary failure ofthe supply current will cause buzzer to sound until the supply is restored, and in such case the accuracy ofthe Compass will not be affected. It is advisable, however, to check repeaters with Master Compass after any momentary failure ofthe supply. 71. Ifalarmcontinues to sound, the current failure evidently is more thantemporary. Turn switchOFF to silence buzzer. Examine control panel immediately. The circuit breaker is adjusted to openapproximately 5 seconds after ship's supply fails. If onexamination, the circuit breaker is found open, repeat instructions for starting Compass at sea. Check Master Compass and repeaters. http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 17/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 STOPPINGCOMPASS 72. Openrepeater switches. 73. Turn alarmswitchto silence buzzer. 74. Turn OFF azimuth motor switch. 75. Turn OFF follow-up switch. 76. Throw toggle switchoncontrol panel to OFF. This de-energizes the circuit breaker coil and causes circuit breaker to open. 77. Ifstopping Compass at sea, during heavy weather when considerable motionis imparted to the Compass, steady rotor by hand until it stops, then lock it with lockinglatches. Ifstopping at dock, there is no need of supporting rotor by hand; it may be locked immediately. 78. Inspect equipment and clean same ifconvenient. The equipment canbest be cleaned while it is still warm 12 NOTES 79. Under normal operation, the rotor case is uncomfortably hot to the bare hand. This should occasionno alarm, as the nonnal operatingtemperature is approximately 45C higher thanroomtemperature. Keep oil level evenwith center of dot inoil-well windows at eachend ofrotor case. 80. Keep binnacle doors closed and cover lockedwhenever the Compass is left unattended. Allow no unauthorizedpersonto tamper with it at any time. 81. With ships having220-volt d-c supply, the operating instructions are somewhat different fromthe preceding. Refer to separate instructionpamphlet provided with 220-volt control panel. 13 SECTIONIII - MAINTENANCE - 82. A summary of inspection, cleaning and oiling instructions is presented herewith. Further details will be found inthe Amplifier Panel, Control Panel, and Motor-Generator pamphlets. ROUTINEINSPECTION EACHWATCH 83. Check repeaters with Master Compass to be sure repeater systemis functioning properly. Ifsupply fails for any reasonbe sure to check and, ifnecessary, synchronize repeaters as soon as supply is restored. 84. Check Compass by azimuth observation ifpossible. http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 18/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 85. The speed and latitude corrector and auxiliary latitude corrector should be properly reset whenever changes of speed and latitude make resettingnecessary, as advised inparagraph67 under OPERATION. 86. Inspect Compass to guard against any abnormal condition of operation. EACHWEEK 87. Check alarmunit by turning switch onalarmunit and notingthat buzzer sounds. 88. Check all electrical connections to make sure they are tight, cleanand free fromoil. 89. Cleanand oil parts as indicated oncharts, pages 18-21. EACHMONTH 90. Polishthe glass over the repeater card. Cleanthe repeater stand ifit is inanexposed position. 91. Check alignment of azimuthmotor brushes as described onpage 15. 92. Cleanand oil parts as indicated oncharts, pages 18-21. CAREOFMERCURYBALLISTIC 93. The mercury ballistic reservoirs are ventilated through small holes inthe reservoir tops so that the mercury will not become air bound as it flows fromone reservoir to the other. Due to the presence of this air, a certain amount of oxidationofthe mercury takes place. This takes the formof a filmonthe surface of the fluid and eventually the filmwill retard its free movement. For this reasonthe mercury should be checked about eveiy 14 3 months to make sure that it flows freely. For economy ofup-keep and maintenance, instructions are given here so that the ship's personnel may inspect and, ifnecessary, change the mercury. It must be bome inmind, however, that the mercury ballistic is the controlling element of the Compass and that care must be exercised in handlingand adjusting it. The instructions givenhereinmust be followed exactly. 94. To observe flow ofmercury inballistic, remove tops ofreservoirs, unlock case and tilt ballistic fromside to side. This must be done only when gyro is not running. The mercury should flow freely fromone reservoir to the other. The appearance of filmonthe fluid is not harmful, providedthe mercury flows freely. Ifit does not flow freely, proceed as described below. Ifit does, replace reservoir tops, but be very careful not to interchange themwhen replacing. 95. Ifthe mercury needs changing, remove ballistic from Compass as described onpage 15. Pour out the old mercury, keepingthat removed fromeach set ofreservoirs inseparate non-metallic containers. 96. Carefully wipe out reservoirs with a cleanclothmoistened with carbontetrachloride. (Do not use gasoline.) Make sure that all carbontetrachloride is evaporated fromthe parts, before replacingthe mercury. Clean out mercury tubes withtube (pipe) cleaners, provided inthe spare parts box. After usingcleaners, blowout tube to remove any lint. 97. Carefully strainmercury removed fromwest reservoirs through fine cheese clothuntil it is clean and bright. Thenpour this mercury back into one of the west reservoirs, pouringina continuous streamso that no air bubbles are trapped inthe tube. Repeat process for fluid removed fromeast reservoirs. Ifany mercury is http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 19/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 spilled during this process, BOTHsets of reservoirs shouldbe emptied andrefilledwith fresh mercury found inspare parts box. Eachbottle contains 8 ounces of mercury. Pour 8 ounces into each set of reservoirs as described above. After refillingballistic withmercury, replace reservoir tops, makingsure not to interchange them Replace ballistic onCompass as described onpage 15. ADJUSTMENTS AND REPLACEMENTS TOREMOVELOSTMOTIONINTRANSMITTER 98. Turnlost motionadjusting knob (figure 1) all the way counterclockwise. TOREPLACETRANSMITTER ONLUBBERRING 99. Positionthe compass card so that it reads to anexact degree. Card may be turned slight amount required byturning azimuth motor shaft. 100. Turnlost-motionadjustingknob (figure 1) all the way counterclockwise to take up, as muchas possible, lost motionintransmitter carriage drive. 101. Place roller carriage oncontact segment 1. 102. Put transmitter inplace as showninfigure 1and make sure its gear meshes properly with azimuth gear. Insert mounting screws loosely. Withcard onaneven degree, 15 shift transmitter until roller is again positioned on segment 1, ifit was movedwhile attaching transmitter. Then take, up tightly onmountingscrews. 103. Start Compass arid repeaters. Check repeater readings and synchronize with Master Compass. If, when compass card is on an exact degree heading, repeaters do not exactly synchronize, loosentransmitter mounting screws and tap the transmitter so that it moves slightly onthe elongated mountingholes until repeater readings matchexactly with Compass reading. TOREMOVEAND REPLACEMERCURYBALLISTIC 104. Remove 2 screws which attach link arm(figure 4) to ballistic frame. 105. Carefully lower link armso that it slides away easily fromlink bearingonbottomof case. 106. Back offthe mercury ballistic bearingstuds (figure 4) until they are clear oftheir bearings. Lower ballistic frame until it is clear of Compass and remove frombinnacle. 107. Whenreplacingballistic, proceed inreverse order fromabove. The west bearingstud is pinned to its locknut and should be screwed inas far as it will go. The east stud should be adjusted so that ballistic has about 0.005" side shake when Compass is cool. The locknut then should be taken up so that stud is locked in place. Ifpossible, use feeler gauge to determine the proper side shake. Ifgauges are not available, the stud may be replacedproperly bymakinga mark onphantomringinline with slot instud before removingballistic. Whenreplacingballistic, take up onstud until it is tight, thenback off until slot is inline withthe mark. Ifthis method is used, take care not to back off 1/2 turn too much. When replacingballistic, make sure that north side ofballistic frame is onnorthside of gyro case. A letter Nis stenciled onnorthside of frame. http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 20/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 108. Whenreplacing link arm, make sure it engages link bearingproperly before attaching armto ballistic frame. TO ADJUST AZIMUTHMOTORGEAR MESH 109. The azimuth motor may be adjusted inor out, withrespect to the maingear, bymeans ofthe set screw and clamp screw onone end of the frame. It should be set so there is no lost motionbetweenthe azimuth gear and the azimuth motor pinion. 110. Whenmakingthis settingthe Compass should be slowly turned inazimuthbyhand to make sure that it is free inall positions. There must be no bindingor stalling ofthe azimuth motor inany positionabout the azimuth gear. TOADJUST AZIMUTHMOTORBRUSHES 111. The azimuth motor brushes are clamped inholders mounted onthe azimuth motor frame. The brushes should be adjusted so that, when they are seated onthe commutator, the brushholders are parallel to each other. To obtainthis condition, loosenbrushclamping screws, adjust brushand reclamp. Whenholders are parallel, the distance fromcommutator to holder is approximately 1/4 inch. Whenbrushes are readjusted, sand theminto fit commutator. 16 TO ADJUST LUBBERLINEPLATE 112. This plate is provided onthe Compass to compensate the readingfor small permanent errors. Do not attempt to remove such errors by twisting the suspension. 113. The compensation is made as follows: Suppose the Compass readingis 278 and it has beendefinitely established (by sun azimuths, bearings, etc.) that the Compass is 2low. Simply loosenthumb nuts which clamp lubber line plate to lubber ringand shift lubber line so that readingis 280. Reclamp plate. It is thennecessary to change eachrepeater readingso that the repeaters are synchronized with the Compass. NOTE: Ifthe plate is moved only a fraction of a degree, the repeater headings should be changed by looseningthe transmitter onthe Compass and shifting it as necessary to make repeater readingcorrespond to Compass reading. ROLLDAMPER 114. A dashpot damper (figure 8) is provided at the after gimbal bearingto restrict movement ofthe Compass about the fore-and-aft axis. The unit comprises two dash- pots, each containinga pistonand a quantity of oil. Movement of the pistons, due to swinging of the Compass about the axis mentioned, is opposed because ofthe restricted oil flow. 115. The actionofthe dashpot damper is entirely automatic; no adjustment ofthe unit should be attempted. FieuRE a ffOLU DAMPER 6ft 1HUPEK DASUPQTS 71. BElltLN? STUP Tc. rilffflMt hi n ftTuoe 72 caaoan nine http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 21/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 116. The dashpot dampers should be kept filled with compass rotor oil to a point one inchbelowthe top of the pots. The level canbe determined bypushinga small piece ofwire through the holes inthe cap. Ifdashpots are too lull, the oil will runout when the ship is rollingheavily. Ifthe oil level drops belowthe piston, the dashpots will be useless. The level should be checked eachmonthand new oil added ifnecessaiy. PITCHDAMPER 117. A fixtiondamper (figure 9)is used to restrict swinging of the Compass about the athwartship axis. The damper comprises anadjustable frictionbrushridingona cam To obtainproper damping action, proceed as follows: 118. Loosenclamp nuts 67 (figure 9) and raise brush off camfar enoughto insert a small piece ofpaper under bmsh. 119. Positionadjusting nuts 68, keepingfrictionbrushholder horizontal, so that when clamp nuts are takenup tight it isjust possible to withdraw the paper without tearing it. 17 PITCH DAMPER 67 CLfluf WTS 68. ftDJUSTPNG NtUS 120. Inheavy weather it may be necessary to take up onthe damper to prevent the compass case fromhitting the stops onthe vertical ring. However, as soon as the weather permits, the dampers should be http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 22/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 readjustedas described above. Ifthis is not done, anerror inthe compass indicationmay result. 18 CLEANINGCHART GENERAL AT MONTHLYINTERVALS - Cleaninside of binnacle and all mechanical compass parts with a soft cloth moistened incarbontetrachloride. Wipe dry after cleaning. Check all electrical connections to make sure they are tight, clean and free fromoil. The crocus paper referred to inthese instructions is anextra fine, highgrade abrasive paper. Do not use any other kind. CAUTION: When cleaning or oilingthe Master Compass, be careful not to disturb the 3 flexible leads betweenthe phantomringand the vertical ring, and betweenthe vertical ringand the rotor case. MASTER COMPASS 1CORRECTORCOSINECAM: MONTHLY- Cleanout any hard deposit of grease and dirt. 2 COLLECTORRINGS: MONTHLY- Cleanwith a strip of cloth (about 1/2 inchwide) moistened in carbontetrachloride, drawingthe clothback and forth oneachringsurface throughout about halfits circumference. Then turn compass 180and repeat. Polishwith a dry strip of clothinthe same manner. 3 AZIMUTHMOTORCOMMUTATORANDBRUSHES: MONTHLY- Wipe off commutator brushes and brush-aims with a soft clothmoistened incarbontetrachloride. Polishcommutator with a clean, lintless cloth, holdingit against the commutator withthe index finger while turningthe damping weight back and forth with the other hand. 4 CORRECTOR: MONTHLY- Wipe excess oil fromthe outer surfaces ofthe corrector and fromthe bottomofthe lever arm. 5 TRANSMITTER: MONTHLY- Snap contact arminto the vertical positionand remove roller carriage. Cleanthe contact surface ofthe segments with a small piece of folded crocus paper. Insert the edge ofthe folded crocus paper betweenadjacent segments to remove carbondust. Cleanthe roller carriage and the interior of the carriage compartment with a soft clothmoistened incarbontetrachloride, and wipe out with a dry cloth. NOTE: It is not necessary to remove the transmitter fromthe lubber ring, for cleaning. CAUTION: The Compass must not be turned inazimuth while the contact armis inthe vertical position. 6 ROTORBEARINGHOUSINGAND OIL WINDOW: EVERY 3 MONTHS - Cleanwhen renewing http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 23/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 rotor bearingoiL After the old oil has beenpumped out, remove the bearinghousingend plate, shownbythe upper arrow. Take out the attaching screws and screw two of theminto the two threaded holes inthe edges of the plate to force the plate and gasket olfthe housing. Cleanthe oil window with a soft clothmoistened in carbontetrachloride and held onthe end of a thinhardwood stick. Do not unscrewthe oil windowfromthe bearing housing. Ifthe oil wicks are clogged with sediment, remove the assembly bytaking out the 4 small screws that hold it inplace. Cleanthe assembly thoroughly incarbontetrachloride and brushthe wicks offwith stiff brush. Be sure all carbontetrachloride has evaporated fromthe wicks before replacingthem. Cleanthe interior ofthe housingwith a small piece of cloth saturated with carbontetrachloride. Use the thinhardwood stick to force the clotharound the interior of the housingto remove all oil sediment. Dry out interior with a cleanclothto remove all traces of carbontetrachloride before replenishingwith oil. (See paragraph 13 under Oiling.) 19 7 COMMUTATORAND BRUSHES: MONTHLY- Wipe olfthe commutator surface and brushes with a soft cloth moistened with carbon tetrachloride. Whenthe motor-generator is stopped, brushthe space betweenthe commutator bars axially with a small stiff brush. Wipe offwith a soft dry cloth. Be sure that no particles of dust or dirt remainbetweenthe brushand commutator surface. To insure proper ventilation, brushthe screened plates at each end of the motor-generator with a stiff brush. http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 24/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 OILINGCHART GENERAL WEEKLY OILINGS maybe omitted where such applicationwould disturb the Compass. However, it is recommended that the interval betweensuch oilings be not greater than2 weeks. Wherever oil is mentioned inthese instructions, compass rotor oil is implied. 8 CORRECTOR: MONTHLY - Lubricate movingparts with a filmof oil. Add one or two drops of oil to roller stud incosine cam. 9 TRANSMITTER: WEEKLY - Anoil hole at the top center leads to the upper shaft bearing. Anarrow at http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 25/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 the bottompoints to the lower shaft bearing. A small arrow above the onejust mentionedpoints to the lost- motiondevice yoke rollers, within the transmitter. Two oil tubes, terminating at the top ofthe transmitter, lead to other bearings requiringlubrication. The top oil hole, the two arrows and the two tubes are paintedred and are readily located. Apply two drops of oil to eachlubricationpoint. MONTHLY-Coat gear surfaces with a light filmof oil, usinga camel's hair brush. Keepsegments and roller carriage free fromoil. 10 CORRECTORCOSINECAM: MONTHLY- After cleaning the cosine camgroove, add a thin coating of the cup grease supplied inthe spare parts box. Coat azimuth gear surfaces with a light filmof oil applied with a camel's hair brush. 11BALLISTIC LINKBEARING: WEEKLY - Add 4 drops of oil to the bearingand its link (upper arrow). LOWERVERTICAL RINGGUIDEBEARING: This bearing (lower arrow) is submerged inoil whichneed be changed only when the Compass is undergoinggeneral overhaul. 12 PHANTOMSTEMBEARINGS AND UPPERVERTICAL RINGGUIDEBEARING: WEEKLY - Apply 10 drops of oil to each ofthe two oil holes underneaththe suspensioncap. Access is providedto these oil holes throughholes inthe cap. 13 ROTORBEARINGS: AT WEEKLY INTERVALS inspect oil level oneach side of rotor case and replenishifnecessary to keep the oil surface level with center of dot at center of glass window. EVERY3 MONTHSrenewthe oil ineach side ofrotor case as follows: remove oil plugand pump out the oil withmetal syringe provided inthe spare part box. Remove the bearinghousingend plate as described inparagraph6 under Cleaning. Inspect the interior ofthe housingand the oil wicks. Ifwicks are clogged with sediment, remove assembly and clean as described inparagraph6. Before filling oil reservoir cleaninterior ofhousing and oil window as described inparagraph6. Whenreinstallingthe oilwick assemblies make sure they are put back exactly as they were. The upper ends ofthe 3 wicks should touchthe lower edge ofthe ballbearinginner race. The lower ends ofthe wicks should be coiled inthe lower part ofthe housingso that the oil level will completely cover them Replace the end plate, tightening the attaching screws evenly all around, and fill with oil through the oil plughole to the center of dot incenter of glass window. 14 AZIMUTHMOTOR: WEEKLY - The upper oil tube carries oil to the upper motor shaft bearing, and also to the upper and lower intermediate gear shaft bearings. The lower tube leads to the lower motor shaft bearing. Apply 6 drops of oil to the upper tube, and 2 drops to the lower tube. MONTHLY- Coat gear surfaces with a light filmof compass rotor oil, usinga camel's hair brush. 15 BALLISTIC BEARINGS: WEEKLY - Fillup the cup-type reservoirs oneach side ofthe phantomring withoil (upper arrow). HORIZONTALROTORCASEBEARINGS: WEEKLY - Move vertical ringto maximumout-of-alignment positionwithphantomringand apply 8 drops of oil to hole incenter of large nut containing the horizontal rotor-case bearings oneach side (lower arrow). 16 GIMBALBEARINGS: MONTHLY- The fore-and-aft and athwartship ballbearings are oiled byplacing a few drops of oil onthe studs where they enter the bearings. The two azimuth guide pins should be given a thincoating of cup grease. 21 17 MOTOR-GENERATOR: EVERY 3 MONTHS - Turnthe grease cups downone full turn. YEARLY - Remove bearings and cleanthemthoroughly incarbontetrachloride. After all Race of carbon tetrachloride has evaporated frombearings, repack themwith cup grease ofthe kind supplied inthe spare part box, and replace. To repack: coat ball bearings with a thin layer of grease. Placejust sufficient grease ineach bearinghousingto cover the lower part ofthe ball bearing. http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 26/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 CAUTION: DONOTOVEROIL * 11 13 17 http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromk14/ 27/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 22 SECTIONIV PARTSLIST INTRODUCTION This Parts List contains all replaceable parts for the Sperry Mk. XIV, Mod. 1Gyro-Compass and Accessories. The parts are grouped by assemblies and sub-assemblies. A drawing ofthe assembly, and a list ofthe parts givingthe name, part number and quantity required are included for each assembly. Bymeans of a symbol each part is identified with the assembly drawing, and the descriptionofthe part. THE SYMBOL ISTO BEUSEDONLYFORIDENTIFICATIONOF THE CORRECT PARTNUMBER ANDDESCRIPTION. THEPARTNUMBERANDDESCRIPTIONMUSTALWAYS BEUSEDFOR INQUIRIES AND ORDERS. Letters are used as symbols inplace ofnumerals where a separate drawing for the assembly has been prepared. Double letters indicate the assembly appears onthe same sheet. Single letters indicate the assembly is shownona separate sheet. Standard size screws, nuts, washers, and pins are not assigned part numbers. Oninquiries or orders the dimensions inadditionto the name must always be given. ORDERINGINSTRUCTIONS Quick shipments and prompt replies to inquiries are possible only when complete identifyinginformationfor parts is given. Careiul observance of the followingpoints oninquiries or orders is essential for prompt service. http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 28/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 1. Name the part and part number as showninthe list and state quantity desired. 2. Furnishthe name plate data ofthe apparatus for whichparts are desired. 3. State whether shipment is to be made by express, freight or parcel post. DEFINITIONOFABBREVIATIONS Adj. Adjusting Lg- Long Ass'y Assembled L.H. Left Hand Att. Attaching, Attachment Mach Machine Bg. Bearing Mfd. Microfarad Bkt Bracket Mk. Mark Br. Brass Mod. Modification BTS Blue Tool Steel Mtg. Mounting Bz. Bronze Oz Ounce Con. Collector PKD Parker KalonDrive Cond. Conductor PL PlainPt Point Conn. Connecting, Connection Rd. Round Cstg. Casting Res. Resistance, Resistor Cu Copper R.H. Right Hand Dia Diameter R.P.M. Revolutionper minute Esc Escutcheon Sec. Secondary Fil Fillister S.S. Stainless Steel FP Fishpaper Std. Standard Hd. Head Term Terminal Hdl. Headless Vam. Varnished Hex Hexagon V. Volt Intemi Intermediate Ins. Insulating, Insulation 23 PARTSLIST LISTOFASSEMBLIES NUMERICALINDEX AND OF ORDER OFARRANGEMENT ASSEMBLIES Part Description Reference Number Page Part Description Reference 642128- Compass Ass'y., Master 24-41 Number Page http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 29/75 6/27/2014 H Gyro (Mk. XIV-Mod. 1 642112- Rotor & Case Ass'y. 21, 26 L 126664- Wick Ass'y., Felt Oil 25. 26 J 64102- Level ofAss'y., Two 26 H Minute 94401- Level Ass'y. 26 E 642113- RingAss'y., Vertical 27 F 642114- PhantomElement Ass'y. 28, 29 L 642115- Ballistic Ass'y., Mercury 30 E 642111- Compensator Ass'y. 31 D 68645- Corrector Ass'y., Speed 3J_ C 642117- Member Ass'y., Outer 32, 33 N 150891- Block Ass' y., Coll. Ring 32, 33 D Brush 643855- Binnacle Ass'y. 34, 35 N 76377- Damper Ass'y., Cardan 34. 35 C 642121- Follow-Up Device Ass'y., 36. 37 N 152076- Electro-Magnetic 36, 37 D Transformer Ass'y. 642135- Motor Ass'y., Azimuth 38, 39 J 644235- Transmitter Ass'y., 40, 44 L Commutator 801041- Carriage Ass'y., 40, 41 D Transmitter 64024- Compass Ass'y., 42, 43 AD Repeater(Mk. XV-0 92064- Cable Ass'y. 42, 43 S 8-0195- Movement Ass'y., 42. 43 Y Repeater 67771- Compass. Ass'y., 42,43 http://vwvw.hnsa.org/doc/gyromk14/ Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 6850-L Glass Ass'y., Reading 49 60606-J Circle Ass'y., Azimuth (Mk. Ill 49 64024- Compass Ass'y., 42, 43 AD Repeater(Mk.XV-0 64102- LevelAss'y., Two Minute 26 H 64146- Stand Ass'y., Repeater (Bearing 44,45 R 64147- Stand Ass'y., Repeater(Steering 44,45 K 64148- MountingAss'y., Repeater 48 U Bulkhead 67252- Compass Ass'y., Repeater 42, 43 E 67771- Compass Ass'y., Repeater 42. 43 D (Mk.XV-0 68645- Corrector Ass'y., Speed 31 C 70264- Cover Ass'y., Repeater(Bearing 49 K 71620- BoxAss'y., Radio Connection 49 D 76377- Damper Ass'y., Cardan 34. 35 C 80195- Movement Ass'y., Repeater 42. 43 Y 82622-J Cable Ass'y. 42, 43 82926- Cover Ass'y., Repeater(Steering 49 E 84823- Cable Ass'y. 42, 43 D 89152- Set of Spare Parts 51 L 92064- Cable Ass'y. 42, 43 S 94401- LevelAss'y. 26 E 126664- Wick Ass'y., Felt Oil 25, 26 J 150891- Block Ass'y., Coll. RingBrush 32, 33 D 152076- Transfomier Ass'y. 36, 37 D 642111- Compensator Ass'y. 31 30/75 6/27/2014 D Repeater (Mk.XV-0 82622-J Cable Ass'y. 42, 43 80195- Movement Ass'y., 42. 43 Y Repeater 67252- Compass. Ass'y., 42, 43 E Repeater 84823- Cable Ass'y. 42, 43 D 80195- Movement Ass'y., 42. 43 Y Repeater 642290- Compass. Ass'y., 42, 43 C Repeater(Mk.XV-0 92064- Cable Ass'y. 42, 43 S 80195- Movement Ass'y., 42. 43 Y Repeater 642301- Compass Ass'y., Repeater 42, 43 D (Mk.XV-0 82622-J Cable Ass'y. 42, 43 80195- Movement Ass'y., 42. 43 Y Repeater 64146- Stand Ass'y., Repeater 44. 45 R (Bearing 64147- Stand Ass'y., Repeater 44. 45 K (Steering 643241- Stand Ass'y., Rep. 46, 47 D Column(Bearing 643240- Stand Ass'y., Rep. 46, 47 B Column (Steering 62148- MountingAss'y Repeater 48 U Bulkhead 6850-L Glass Ass'y.,Reading 49 71620- Ass'y., Radio Connection 49 D 70264- Cover Ass'y., Repeater 49 K (Bearing 82926- Cover Ass'y., Repeater 49 E (Steering Sperry Gyocompass Mark 14 D 642112- Rotor &Case Ass'y. 25, 26 L 642113- RingAss'y., Vertical 27 F 642114- PhantomElement Ass'y. 28, 29 L 642115- Ballistic Ass'y., Mercury 30 E 642117- Member Ass'y., Outer 32, 33 N 642121- Foliow-Up Device Ass'y., Electro- 36, 37 N Magnetic 642128- Compass Ass'y., Master Gyro, 24-41 H (Mk. XIV-Mod. 1 642135- Motor Ass'y., Azimuth 38, 39 J 642282- Cover Ass'y., Repeater (Steering 49 C 642290- Compass Ass'y., Repeater (Mk. 42, 43 C XV-Mod. 0 642301- Compass Ass'y., Repeater (Mk. 42, 43 D XV-Mod. 0 643240- Stand Ass'y., Repeater Column 46, 47 B (Steering 643241- Stand Ass'y., Repeater Column 46, 47 D (Bearing 643855- Binnacle Ass'y. 34, 35 N 644034- Filter Ass'y., Radio 50 A 644235- Transmitter Ass'y., Commutator 40, 44 L 801041- Carnage Ass'y., Transmitter 40, 44 D 642282- Cover Ass'y., 49 C Repeater(Steering 60606-J Circle Ass'y., 49 Azimuth(Mk. Ill 644034- Filter Ass'y., Radio 50 A http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromk14/ 31/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 89152- Set of Spare Parts L la APPENDIX FUNDAMENTALPRINCIPLES OFTHE GYRO-COMPASS 1. The word "gyroscope" is of Frenchorigin a combination of two Greek words, "gyros", meaningtumor revolution, and "skopein", meaning to view, the literal translation of the two words being "to view the revolution" ofthe earth. The correct pronunciationofthe word is withthe gsoft as in"gentleman". Inthe first syllable the y is long, as in"sky". Ro is pronounced like the "row" inrowboat, and scope to rhyme with "rope". 2. The reasonthe Frenchhave the distinctionof originatingthe name gyroscope is because the great French scientist LeonFoucault was one ofthe first authorities onthe subject of gyroscopic phenomena, having succeeded as early as 1852 inactually producinga gyroscope withwhichhe could observe, withthe aid of a microscope, the ceaseless onward movement ofthe earth's rotation. 3. Ifthe reader will permit one more slight digression, it might be well to remember (before we get downto serious business) that the sphere onwhich we live is initself a mammothgyroscope and that there probably would be no life at all onthe earthifit did not revolve like a top, withthe directionof its polar axis fairly constant. Otherwise the surface ofthe earthwould be exposed to extremes of heat and cold with suchrapidity that livingorganisms would not be able to survive. DEFINITIONAND PRINCIPLES OFTHE GYROSCOPE 4. There is nothingmysterious about the gyroscope. Its actions, though they may appear at first to defy the laws ofphysics, inreality depend entirely uponSir Isaac Newton's Laws ofMotion. 5. Many of the toys we used to play withwere based ongyroscopic principles. A spinning top is anelementary formof gyroscope, the "diabolo" once a popular object for pastime is another; so also is a hoop, for it will exhibit the characteristics of a gyro as longas it has sufficient motionto roll alongthe ground. 6. All of the practical applications ofthe gyroscope are based upontwo fundamental characteristics, namely: "Gyroscopic Inertia" and 'Precession". http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 32/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 2a FIGURE la The gyroscope has three axes of angular freedom 7. Gyroscopic Inertia, or rigidity inspace as it is sometimes known, is the tendency of any rotatingbodyto preserve its plane ofrotation. For example, a hoop, when set inmotion, will keep onrollingapproximately ina straight line if undisturbed, instead oftipping over as it would ifnot revolving. 8. The second characteristic ofthe gyroscope Precession is also exhibited bythe rollinghoop. Ifwe wishto change its directionoftravel, we do not press against the rimat the front or back, but at the top as though we intended to tip it over about animaginary horizontal axis. The hoop resists this pressure and turns, instead, about a vertical axis whichis at right angles to the axis about whichthe pressure was applied. 9. Ifwe transformthe hoop into a wheel, provide anaxle for it, and mount the axle insupporting rings as showninFigure la, we canobtaina true gyroscope, which is simply a spinningwheel or mass, universally mounted. Only one point the geometrical center of its supporting system is ina fixed position, the wheel beingfree to turn inany directionaround this point. The wheel or rotor is free to revolve inits supporting ring about axis 1. The supporting ringis free to revolve inanouter ringabout axis 2 which is always at right angles to the axis ofrotationofthe http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 33/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 FIGURE2a When spinning, the gyro exhibits 'gyroscopic inertia' FIGURE3a The original plane of rotation is maintained no matter howthe base is moved about. 3a FIGURE4a Precessionabout the vertical axis. FIGURE5a Precessionabout the horizontal axis. http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 34/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 wheel. The outer ringlikewise is free to revolve inpivot bearings ina supporting frame about axis 3 which is always at right angles to the axis ofrotationofthe inner ring. 10. Withthis arrangement, the axle canbe pointed inany directionwithout altering the geometrical center of the assembly. When such a wheel is spinning, it exhibits exactly the same characteristics as the hoop, but does so without havingto be rolled alongthe ground. "Gyroscopic inertia" may be illustrated by spinningthe rotor and placingit inthe positionshowninFigure 2a. Ifthe base of the gyroscope is tilted, as showninFigure 3a, the rotor, instead oftipping over as it would ifnot revolving, maintains its original plane of rotation. It will continue to do so, no matter howmuchthe base ofthe gyro is moved about, as longas it continues to spin with sufficient velocity to overcome the frictionbetweenitself and its supporting bearings. 11. This characteristic is the result of the actionof forces affecting the state ofrest and motionof a gyroscope inthe manner expressed byNewton's First Lawof Motion, which states that every body continues inits state of rest or of uniformmotionina straight line, unless it is compelledby forces to change that state. This law as applied to a rotatingwheel may be expressed by statingthat a rotatingwheel tends to maintainthe directionof its plane of rotationinspace and the directionof its axis inspace. 12. 'Precession" may be illustrated by applying a force or pressure to the gyro about the horizontal axis as showninFigure 4a. It will be found that the applied pressure meets withresistance and that the gyro, instead of turning about its horizontal axis, turns or "precesses" about its vertical axis inthe direction indicated bythe arrowP. Similarly, ifwe apply a pressure about the vertical axis, the gyro will precess about its horizontal axis as shownat P inFigure 5a. Ifthere were a complete absence of inertia and friction about the precessional axis, the rate ofprecessionwould be suchthat the resistance of the 4a gyro would be exactly equal to the applied pressure at any instant, and no movement fromthis pressure could ensue until the gyro hadprecessed so that its plane ofrotationcoincided withthe plane ofthe applied pressure. Thenthe precessionwould cease and, with it, all resistance to the applied pressure. x 13. A convenient way to remember the direction inwhich precessiontakes place is to regard the pressure as though it acted at a single point onthe rimofthe wheel, as indicated by the black dot inFigure 4a. This point will not move in response to the pressure, but a point 90 degrees beyond, in the directionofthe wheel's rotation, will move away instead. FIGURE6a 14. There you have the gyroscope ina nutshell, but inasmuch Gyro rotor showninsection. For the sake of as the next step will be anexplanationofthe reasonfor http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 35/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 clarity its mass is considered to be precession, your maywish to ask a question or two at this concentrated infour separate particles, A, B, point. Youmight like to ask, for instance, why it is that ofthe C, and D. many rotatingobjects withwhichyouare familiar, some display gyroscopic phenomena and others do not. Why does a top exhibit gyroscopic characteristics while anengine flywheel, which also spins withhighangular velocity, does not. Why does a rifle bullet behave like a gyroscope while a windmill merely behaves like a windmill. 15. Gyroscopic properties are inherent inall rotatingmasses, but canbest be observed inthose whichhave the greatest amount of freedomabout two axes inadditionto the spinning axis. The top comes under the latter category. The engine flywheel, onthe other hand, is limited to one angular axis of freedom its spinning axis. A rifle bullet may be likened to a gyroscope because it is free to revolve about two other axes, inadditionto its spinning axis; therefore it exhibits gyroscopic inertia, tendingto maintaina straighter line of flight than it would if not rotating. A windmill has freedom about its spinning axis and also about a vertical axis (as it must be able to turn inany directionunder the control of its rudder). However, it has no freedomabout a horizontal axis other thanits spinning axis, and therefore, althoughprecessional forces are impressed uponthe apparatus by shifts of wind, there are no visible effects. The precessional forces result ina torque which is absorbed inthe bearings. Ina windmill these forces are small, however, owingto the light constructionof the fan. Inorder to obtain maximumgyroscopic effects a rotor should be comparatively heavy, with as muchof its weight concentrated at the rimas practicable, and it should spinwithconsiderable velocity. Gyroscopic inertia depends uponangular velocity, weight and radius at whichthe weight is concentrated. Maximumeffect is obtained therefore froma mass, with its principal weight concentrated near the rim, rotatingat highspeed. 5a REASONFORPRECESSION 16. The reasonfor precessionmay be explained quite simply ifwe consider the mass ofthe rotor to be concentrated in separate particles such as A, B, C, and D inFigure 6a. Figure 6a is a sectionthroughthe center ofthe rotor,just as thoughyou sliced it inhalfwith a knife, threw the upper half away and lay the bottomhalf onthe paper. We will assume that the wheel is spinningwithconsiderable velocity inthe directionofthe arrow Rat the top, and we will select that instant inthe cycle when the particles are in the positions shown inFigure 6a. Ifwe can show what will happento four particles equally spaced as are A, B, C, and D, we can show what happens to the entire rotor, since all http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 36/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 other particles within it act inthe same manner. SOUTHF0LE FIGURE7a A gyro with its spinning axis set inthe East-West positionat the equator appears to turn about its horizontal axis once eachtwenty-four hours. 17. Inorder to make the explanationclearer we will simulate the movements ofthe rotor by corresponding motions ofthe booklet itself and as a first step inthis directionwe will lay the booklet flat uponthe table. 18. Nowlet us assume that a force F is applied against the rotor just as though we pressed down against the paper with a pencil at this point as thoughwe tipped the top of the booklet down, the bottomup. This would tend to rotate the wheel about the axis X-X'. Sir Isaac Newtonsaid, ineffect, that all matter is pigheaded and stubbornthat it will continue to move ina straight line unless disturbed, and ifdisturbed, it will offer resistance to the disturbing force. Let us see what happens to particle A. This particle was movingto the right before we started pushingdownat F. Now, however, it tends to move to the right and down into the paper a combinationof the motiondue to the wheel's rotationand the motiondue to our applied force F. Likewise particle C, whichwas movingto the left, nowtends to move to the left and up out ofthe paper. 19. As a result ofthese motions the wheel actually turns about the axis YY' which is at right angles to the axis about whichthe force Fwas applied. Its motionis the same as thoughwe tipped the right hand side of the booklet down, the left up. This is precession. 20. The reader will probably ask, "What happens to Band D?" Since Band Dlie inthe axis about whichthe force F is applied, they are unaffectedbythat force. Like A and C, however, they are pigheaded and want to have their ownway. 21. Because ofthe wheel's rotation, Bmoves toward the bottomofthe page, Dtoward the top. But the wheel is nowturning about axis YY' because of its precession. Therefore Btends to move toward the bottomofthe page and down into the paper, Dtends to move toward the top ofthe page and up out of the paper. Ina perfectly balanced gyro operating without friction, the sumofthese motions would exactly offset the force F, so that no motioncould take place about axis XX'. Thus the only motionwhich could result fromthe applicationof a force as at F would be precessional rotation about anaxis at right angles to the axis about whichthe force is applied. Inother words, the wheel moves in 6a http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 37/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 the direction ofthe least resistance to any force which tends to disturb its plane ofrotation-and the point of least resistance is always 90 degrees away inthe directionof the wheel's rotation. VERTICAL AXIS i 4 p FIGURE8a A gyro with its spinning axis set horizontal at the Pole appears to turn about its vertical axis once each twenty-four hours. OPERATINGPRINCIPLESOFTHE GYRO COMPASS 22. Inthe Gyro-Compass the characteristics ofthe gyroscope, "inertia" and "precession", which we havejust explained, are combined withtwo constant, natural phenomena the earth's rotationand the force of gravity, withthe result that the instrument aligns itselfwiththe geographic meridianand provides a constant true north indicationregardless ofthe rolling, pitching, and yawing of the vessel. APPARENT ROTATION 23. Let us consider the gyro to be mounted at the equator with its axle east and west. We will observe its behavior froma point inspace beyondthe Southpole as shownin Figure 7a. To avoid contusionwe will dispense withthe supportingrings inthis and subsequent illustrations, and show only the wheel and axle ofthe gyro, as these are the parts withwhichwe are concerned chiefly. 24. The earthturns inthe direction ofthe arrow, or clockwise, with anangular velocity of one revolutionevery 24 hours, carryingthe gyro around with it; but the gyro, because of its inertia, maintains its original plane of rotationinregard to space just as it did when its base was tilted as showninFigure 3a. Withrespect to the earth, however, the gyro rotates about its horizontal axis with an equal velocity (one revolutionin24 hours) but inthe opposite directionto the rotationofthe earth. After three hours the end ofthe axle whichwas pointingeast apparently is elevated at anangle of45 degrees; after six hours, 90 degrees; after twelve hours, 180 degrees; and so on, until, at the end of 24 hours, it is back where it started. 25. Similarly, ifwe consider the gyro to be placed either at the Northor the Southpole at the theoretical axis of rotationofthe earth, withthe axis of the gyro horizontal as showninFigure 8a, the gyro will appear to rotate, but this time about its vertical rather than its horizontal axis. 7a 26. At points betweenthe poles and the equator the gyro appears to turnpartly about the horizontal axis and partly about the vertical, because it is affected by http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 38/75 Cj|ftr5 IkjUT**1 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 boththe horizontal component and the vertical component ofthe earth's rotation. See Figure 9a. The horizontal component of the earth's rotationcauses the northend ofthe axle to rise. The vertical component causes it to turnto the east. FIGURE9a A gyro withits spinning axle set horizontal at any point away fromthe equator maintains its plane ofrotation inspace and apparently moves about bothits horizontal and vertical axis. FIGURE 10a To make the gyro seek the Northa mercury tube is added, its effect beingapplied about the horizontal axis. 27. The reader will perceive that the difference betweengyroscopic inertia and apparent rotationis simply one ofpoint of view. As tar as space is concerned the gyro remains fixed. Incomparisonwith the earth, however, the gyro actually rotates as described above. It is this rotationwhichmakes it possible to apply the force of gravity so as to convert the gyroscope into a Northseeking gyro-compass. 28. The first step inthis directionis to cause the gyro to precess toward the meridian. Figure 10 shows diagrammatically a gyro to whichhas beenadded a pair of containers with interconnectingtube; the assembly is partially filled withmercury and is attached to the gyro frame insuch a way that it will tilt with the gyro when the gyro tilts or rotates about its horizontal axis. Withthe gyro at the equator and horizontal as shown at A inFigure 11a, the mercury is distributed equally inthe tube and its weight exerts anequal downward pressure oneachend ofthe axle. Therefore, inthis position, the mercuryhas no effect uponthe gyro. As the end ofthe axle which is pointing east (the right-hand end) slowly rises, some of the mercury, under the influence of gravity, is transferred to the lower end ofthe axle, as shownbythe arrow at the left inBofFigure 1la. Inthis positiona force is beingexerted about the horizontal axis; the effect of the mercury beingthe same as thoughwe were to pushdownonthe west end (the left-hand end) ofthe gyro axle. The result is that the gyro precesses about 8a http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 39/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 CAftTH 5 FIGURE 11a Effect ofthe mercuryballistic when applied about the horizontal axis. the vertical axis as shownbythe small arrows at the top inC and D, the axle turning slowly counterclockwise. As the end ofthe gyro which at first was pointingeast (whichwe shall nowrefer to as the northend) precesses toward the meridian, it continues to rise under the influence ofthe earth's rotation. After the gyro axle has precessed so that it is parallel to the meridian, the excess mercury at the south end causes its precessionto continue, and the end ofthe gyro axle which was at first pointingwest (whichwe shall nowrefer to as the south end) is earned to the east ofthe meridian. This south end nowcommences to rise and the mercury starts flowing back to the northend, precessionbeinggradually diminished until the axle is againhorizontal and the mercury evenly distributed. At this point precessionofthe northend toward the west ceases. The south end continues to rise, however, because it is still east of the meridian, and at lengththe mercury inthe northside of the tube overbalances that inthe south side. Precession, therefore, is reversed, and the northend returns toward the meridian, declining more and more as the south end continues to rise. This oscillationofthe gyro about the meridianmay be clearly understood byreferringto Figure 12a which shows the movements ofthe gyro axle projected onto a vertical plane. The ellipse inFigure 12a is the result of a displacement ofthe gyro axle of only a few degrees fromthe meridian. Ifthe gyro axle were pointingeast and west at the beginning of the cycle, as showninFigure 11a, precessionwould take place through 180 degrees ineachdirection, and at one extreme the northend ofthe gyro axle would point east, at the other, west. Inany case the gyro never comes to rest, as there is no force tending to restore its axle to a horizontal positionuntil after it has passed the meridian. 29. The ratio ofthe movement about the horizontal axis (caused by "apparent rotation") to the precessional movement about the vertical axis (caused by the flow ofmercury) determines the shape ofthe ellipse. Ifthe free surface ofthe mercury inthe 9a containers is increased so that more mercury canbe transferred, the rate ofprecessionwill increase and therefore the ellipse will be flatter. Ifthe mercury effect is decreased, the rate ofprecessionwill diminish to a http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 40/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 point where the ellipse would, theoretically, be almost circular. FIGURE 12a Diagramshowing the movement of a mercury- controlled gyro wheel when set with its axle pointing east ofnorth. 30. Inthe precedingparagraphs we have explained the behavior of a gyro under the simplest fonnof mercury control, the mercury beingattached directly to the ring, frame or casingwhich supports the gyro. Withsuch an arrangement the mercury canact only about the horizontal axis, and therefore the gyro will precess only about the vertical axis. Anadditional pressure is required about the vertical axis inorder to generate precessionabout the horizontal axis which will counteract the natural tendency ofthe gyro axle to tilt. The manner inwhichthis is accomplished will be shown inthe followingparagraphs. 3 1. It will be necessary first, however, to explainthe basic elements of anactual gyro-compass. As shown inFigure 13a the rotor is contained ina case (1) and the case is supported onhorizontal bearings ina vertical ring(2). The rotor-case and the vertical ring are free to turn about the vertical suspensionaxis (3). Although the gyro-compass, as showninFigure 13a, necessarily differs inits details of constructionfromthe model gyros showninsome ofthe previous illustrations, it has the same angular freedomabout its spinning, horizontal, and vertical axes, and exhibits exactly the same characteristics. 32. Figure 13a shows the additionof anouter frame (4) called the phantom, which is drivenby anelectrical follow-up systemso that it follows every movement of the gyro about the vertical axis. By supporting the mercury tube or ballistic (5) inbearings inthe phantom ringwe canobtaina controlling action about the vertical axis ofthe gyro so as to arrest its oscillations and cause it to align itselfwiththe meridian. FIGURE 13a Elements ofthe Gyro-Compass Inorder to obtaina more symmetrical construction, the mercury ballistic consists oftwo sets of containers and tubes, instead of the single pair of containers shown inpreceding illustrations. 10a 33. This is accomplished by connectingthe mercury ballistic to the gyro case at a point (6) slightly to the east of the vertical centerline. Withthis arrangement the major effect ofthe mercury still acts about the horizontal axis and causes the gyro to precess toward the meridianas before; but there is nowanadditional effect about the vertical axis which causes the gyro to precess about the horizontal axis, introducinga tilt ofthe gyro counter to the natural tilt resultingfrom"apparent rotation". Therefore the end ofthe axle will follow a spiral pathas showninthe polar diagram, Figure 14a. The reductionofthe oscillationwhich is producedbythe http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 41/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 action ofthe mercury ballistic about the vertical axis is called "Damping". Si careful consideration ofthe action ofthe mercury ballistic will make it apparent that the only positionofrest whichthe gyro can find at the equator will be with its axle horizontal and inthe meridian. Inother words, we have obtained a true, meridian- seeking Gyro-Compass. 34. A number of other factors must be considered, however, before we canobtaina gyro-compass which will flinction accurately and reliably, at various latitudes ona rolling, pitchingvessel movingover the earth's surface at considerable speed. FIGURE 14a Action of the gyro axis when the mercuryballistic is connected to its casing through aneccentric pivot. 35. We have seen that the actionofthe mercury ballistic about boththe horizontal and vertical axes is made possible by the use ofthe phantomelement. Tlfis element serves another important purpose; it provides a means of suspendingthe gyro so that it is practically free fromfriction about its vertical axis. The gyro is supported fromthe top ofthe phantomby steel wires and the phantomis kept inexact alignment with the gyro bymeans of an electrical follow-up system. The compass card is a part ofthe phantomelement, the whole of which is supported onball bearings fromthe mainsupporting frame or "spider". Thus, withthe exception of the eccentric connectionbetweenthe mercuryballistic and the gyro case and the upper and lower guide bearings, which are practically frictionless, there is no physical contact which canresult inany friction betweenthe sensitive gyro element and the compass card or other external parts. 36. Ifthe compass were to be used onshore, it would be feasible to control the gyro simply by suspending a weight fromthe phantom, like a pendulum, and connectingthe weight to the eccentric pivot onthe bottomof the rotor case. This would be impractical onboard ship, however, where a compass is subjected to rolling movements inan inter-cardinal plane (northeast to southwest, or northwest to southeast). Inter-cardinal rolling causes a compass to swing inits gimbals, with the result that the pendulumwould be subjected to acceleration forces whichwould cause a continuous torque about the vertical axis ofthe compass. 11a 37. One way of avoidingthis effect would be to stabilize the compass gyroscopically and so prevent it from swinging. Inthe Sperry compass, however, the complicationof stabilizing gyros is avoided bythe use ofthe mercury ballistic, which controls the gyro as we have already explained. The mercury ballistic is non- pendulous: its weight is distributed equally above and belowthe gyro axle so that it is neither top-heavy nor bottom-heavy. Therefore, no accelerationforces are generated and no torque about the vertical axis of the compass is introduced by the swinging ofthe compass inits gimbals. 38. Under slow rates of inclinationsuch as those producedbythe earth's rotation, the actionofthe mercury ballistic is equivalent to that of anordinary pendulum, but opposite indirection. Under rapidrates http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 42/75 DAMPINGFACTOR 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 ofmovement, however, the small bore ofthe mercury tubes prevents the mercury fromsurgingback and forth and introducingerrors inthe compass. FIGURE 15a Gyro-Compass damping curve as charted bya course recorder operated fromthe master compass. A shows settling characteristics when compass is set 30 degrees away fromthe meridian. Bshows undamped oscillations. Chart is read frombottomup. 39. The extent ofthe damping actionis governed by the displacement ofthe mercuryballistic connecting link fromthe centerline. Commercial compasses are given a damping factor of 66%, i.e., the eccentricity of the connecting link is suchthat each swing ofthe gyro axle fromthe meridianis one-third ofthe preceding swing, the amplitude beingreducedby 66%at each oscillation. Ifthe compass is started 30 degrees east of the meridian, the first swing will carry the compass to 10 degrees west, the returnswing to 3-1/3 degrees east, then 1-1/9 degrees west, and so on, until it comes to rest. Figure 15a shows graphically the damping characteristics ofthe gyro-compass. PERIODOF OSCILLATION 40. The natural period ofthe compass, i.e., the time it takes to performa complete oscillation (fromA to Bin Figure 14a) is 85 minutes. The period of oscillationis governed by two factors: (1) The angular momentumof the gyro (the product ofweight, speed and square ofradius of gyration) and (2) The torque about the horizontal axis supplied bythe action ofthe mercuryballistic. (This, in turn, is governed bythe free surface of the mercury inthe containers and the distance of the containers fromthe horizontal axis.) 12a 41. Ifthe weight or the speed ofthe gyro is increased, the period of oscillationwill be longer. Ifthe free surface ofthe mercury is increased, the period of oscillationwill be shorter. 42. As is explained under the heading Ship's Speed and Course the effect of the ship's speed and course when superimposed onthe earth's speed and directionof travel is such as to cause the compass to settle ona new apparent meridianwhich is not coincident withthe true meridian. The compass must have an 85 minute period so that duringany given change inspeed and course the compass will be oriented to its newapparent meridian duringthe length oftime required to change to the new speed and course. COMPENSATINGWEIGHTS 43. Unsymmetrical distributionofweight is another potential source of disturbance, whenthe compass is http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 43/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 swinging, which must be neutralized. When the unsymmetrical weight shown in Figure 16a is swung inthe plane A-B, centrifugal stresses act uponit insuch a way as to cause all of its particles to place themselves as lar as possible fromthe axis of swing. This causes a tendency to turn, as indicated bythe arrows. The same effect maybe observed when a watch is swungback and forthonits chainthrough a small arc. Inthe gyro-compass this effect is avoided bythe use of compensatingweights whichpermit of a symmetrical distributionof weight about the vertical axis. 44. The foregoing explanationapplies particularly to a compass at the equator and ina vessel which is not under way. At points other thanthe equator and on board ships which are movingover the surface ofthe earth, certain factors are introducedwhich would result inerrors ifthey were not compensated or corrected inthe design ofthe compass. LATITUDECORRECTION 45. The latitude correctionis necessary because ofthe eccentric connectionemployed to damp the oscillations ofthe compass. The correctionis made by means of a latitude adjustment scale, no special knowledge ofthe problembeingrequired inorder to make the correction. A complete explanationofthe reasons for the latitude error, however, will be welcomed bythe student because it involves a general discussion of compass behavior and will give the student anopportunity to find out some ofthe whys and wherefores that might otherwise escape attention. 46. At the equator, where only the horizontal component ofthe earth's rotationaffects the gyro, the axle of the compass is horizontal and parallel to the earth's axis. At the equator, therefore, as soonas the compass has settled onthe meridian, the ballistic will he at rest and the compass maybe considered as a true gyroscope. 13a 47. Ifwe move the compass to a point to the northor south ofthe equator, however, it will be affected bythe vertical as well as the horizontal component ofthe earth's rotation. At a point northofthe equator, for instance, the northend of the gyro axle tends to turntoward the east and rise, as the earthrotates out frombeneathit. This was illustrated inFigure 9a. It is apparent that the northend ofthe gyro axle must be precessed continuously ina westerly directiontoward the meridianas last as it is beingdisplaced bythe vertical component ofthe earth's rotation. The force necessary to do this is obtained automatically bythe simultaneous tilt ofthe mercuryballistic whichpermits anaccumulation ofmercury inthe lower or south containers so as to precess the axle continuously toward the meridian. 48. Ifit were not for the offset connectionofthe mercury ballistic, the gyro axle would eventually settle, theoretically, exactly onthe meridian, withthe end away fromthe equator tilted upjust enough so that there would be sufficient excess mercury inthe containers toward the equator to precess the gyro toward the meridianat the same rate as it is beingcarried away bythe vertical component ofthe earth's rotation. 49. Inorder to damp the oscillation, however, the mercury ballistic connectionis offset to the east ofthe FIGUREI6a Effect ofunsymmetrical distributionofweight. http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 44/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 centerline ofthe compass. This produces a counterclockwise torque about the vertical axis, causingthe north end of the axle to precess continuously down. The axle, therefore, settles to the east ofthe meridian(innorth latitudes) at a point where the downward precessionof the axle due to torque about the vertical axis is exactly balanced bythe horizontal component of the earth's rotationtending to tilt the northend up. 50. As we move the compass further north, the northend ofthe gyro axle turns to the east faster and rises faster, and for this reasonthe compass must be precessed faster toward the meridian. The downward pressure onthe south end ofthe axle is correspondingly greater, the torque about the vertical axis is greater, the north- end precesses downfaster, and the gyro consequently settles further to the east. 51. South of the equator the effect ofthe earth's rotationonthe gyro isjust the opposite: here the south end of the axle tends to rise and turnto the east; the excess mercury is inthe northcontainers, precessingthe north end to the east toward the meridian. Torque about the vertical axis is reversed so that the south end is being precessed down at the same rate as the horizontal component ofthe earth's rotationis tilting it up. Therefore the northend ofthe axle lies slightly to the west ofthe meridian. 52. The small angle at which the gyro axle settles fromthe meridianvaries withthe latitude, and for this reason a correction must be introduced whichwill compensate for this natural error at any latitude where the compass may be expected to be used. 53. Fromzero at the equator, this error increases to 2.9 degrees at 60 degrees northor south latitude; it is easterly innorthlatitudes and westerly insouth latitudes. 54. No attempt is made inthe gyro-compass to compel the axle to seek a restingplace at variance with its natural settlingpositioa Instead, a latitude adjustment is provided whichmoves the lubber-ringthe necessary amount to cause the compass indicationto be true. Since the transmitter is mounted onthe lubber-ringa correctional movement applied to the lubber-ringalso transmits the corrected readingto all repeater compasses. 14a This is the 'Latitude Correction", and is made independently ofthe speed and course correction described-below. SHIP'S SPEED AND COURSE Diagramillustratingthe effect of ship's speed and latitude onthe gyro-compass. FIGURE 17a 55. It has beenshownthat the relatively slow angular movement ofthe earth's rotation(only one revolution in24 hours) provides the motive force for the north- seekingprocessional movement ofthe compass. However, when a vessel is traveling over the earth's surface, and therefore about the earth's center, the vessel's movement is compounded withthat ofthe earth. Ifthe directionof travel is east or west, the vessel's motiononly adds to or subtracts fromthe earth's motion, and the effect onthe indicationofthe compass is negligible. 56. Whenthe vessel is travelingnorthor south, http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 45/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 however, the effect is a maximumbecause the ship's speed produces a resultant which is not parallel to the plane ofthe earth's rotation. The effect 011compass indicationis proportional to the ship's speed and course and is explained as follows: 57. InFigure 17a (Case l)the line AB represents the movement of a vessel steaming due northfor a given period oftime. Line AC represents the movement of the earth inthe same period of time. The actual path takenby the vessel relative to the earth's rotationis AD. AC is the nonual plane ofrotation. AD is the actual plane ofrotationdue to combined movement of earth and ship. Therefore, as far as the gyro-compass is concerned, a newmeridianEF is producedwhich is at right angles to the line AD. At higher latitudes the movement ofthe earthis relatively smaller, the new, apparent meridianis displaced farther fromthe actual meridian, and a larger correctionis required. Thus the amount ofthe correctionis dependent uponthe latitude ofthe ship (Case 2 ofFigure 17a). 58. The displacement ofthe gyro axle is to the west for northerly courses and to the east 'or southerly courses, and the angular difference betweenthe actual meridianand this new apparent meridiandepends upon: (1) The ship's speed (2) The ship's course, as it is only the northerly or southerly components ofthe course which are to be taken into account, and (3) The latitude, as the higher the latitude the smaller the earth's surface speed and therefore the greater the effect ofthe ship's speed. 15a 59. The compass is provided with a corrector mechanismwhich automatically applies the correction due to course and speed at any givenlatitude by movingthe lubber line the required amount to compensate for this error. The compass indicates the ship's true headingonall courses, and no corrections have to be applied by reference to tables. 16a INDEX Page Page http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 46/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 Adjustments 14 Maintenance 13 Alarm 11 Mercuryballistic 3, 13, 15, 7a Amplifier 8 Meridian, setting on 10 Apparent rotation 6a Motor-generator 21 Auxiliary latitude corrector 11 Oiling 20 Azimuthmotor 15 Operatingprinciples of gvro-compass 6a Binnacle 5 Operation 9 Cleaning 18 Oscillation, period of 1la Compensatingweights 12a Parts lists 22 Control element 3, 13, 15 Pendulumeffect 2 Cosine cam 4 Phantomelement 2 Dampingfactor 1la Pitchdamper 16 Definitions and principles ofthe gyroscope la Precession 3a Equipment, components I Precession, reasonfor 5a Follow-up system 8 Repeater compass circuit 7 Gyro-drive system 6 Roll damper 16 Gyroscope principles la Sensitive element 1 Illustrations, list IV Service stations II, HI Latitude correction 12a Settingcompass onmeridian 10 Lubber line plate 16 Ship's speed and course 14a Speed and lat. con-, mechanism 4, 5, H Spider element 4 Starting compass 9 Stopping compass 11 Transmission system 6 Transmitter 18, 20 http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 47/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 CONTROL PANEL CARBON PILE REGULATOR AND ALARM UNIT FOR USE WITH GYRO-COMPASS EQUIPMENT II5 VOLT INSTRUCTIONSNO. 17-CP-642639 B JANUARY 1942 NOTE: THIS BOOK APPLIES TO PANELS BEARINGSERIALNOS. 1207 THROUGH 1281, 1402 THROUGH 15C1, .1902 THROUGH 2001, 2302 THROUGH2401, 3322 THROUGH4346, ALSO 4347 THROUGH4846, ALSO 4847 THROUGH5463 AND 5544 THROUGH5806, SPERRY GYROSCOPECOMPANY, INC. MANHATTANBRIDGEPLAZA, BROOKLYN, NEW YORK MK.XIV l INTRODUCTION 1. The Gyro-Compass uses bothdirect and alternating current. The direct current, which is supplied to the compass at 70 volts, is knownas the service supply and is used to operate the motor end of a motor-generator set, the compass repeater and part ofthe amplifier circuit. This current is obtained fromthe ship's supply and is reducedto 70 volts as described inthis text. 2. The alternating current is used to operate the compass rotor. It is supplied at 50 volts, 3 phase and 210 cycles by the generator end of the motor-generator set. 3. This book treats of (I) the control panel which is used to control these D-C and A-C supplies, (II) the regulator or resistor for reducingthe ship's supply voltage, and (III) the alarmunit which is used to warnthe http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 48/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 ship's personnel of an interruptionofthe ship's supply. CONTENTS SectionPage DESCRIPTION I CONTROL PANEL 2 VOLTAGE REDUCTION DEVICE 4 CARBONPILEREGULATOR 4 ALARMUNIT 5 OPERATION II GYRO-COMPASS 7 To Start Gyro-Compass 7 IfAlarm Sounds DuringNormal Compass Operation 8 To Stop Compass 8 MAINTENANCE III CarbonPile Adjustment 9 PARTS LIST IV 13 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page Control panel 1 3 Control panel, view inside box 2 3 Carbonpile wiring diagram 3 4 Alami unit 4 6 Schematic wiring diagram, Gyro-Compass equipment 5 11 Wiring diagram 6 12 2 SECTIONI - DESCRIPTION - CONTROL PANEL 1. The Control Panel provides electrical control for the Master Gyro-Compass, the motor-generator and the repeater compasses, and indicates through a D-Cvoltmeter the regulated voltage to the Gyro-Compass Equipment. 2. Inthe following paragraphs the units which appear onthe panel front, and inside the panel box, are described inthis order. PANELFRONT 3. The followingunits appear onthe front of the panel. See Fig. 1. http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 49/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 a) Voltmeter (range 0-100), for indicatingthe D-Cvoltage supplies to the repeaters, the alarm unit, and the motor end ofthe motor-generator. b) Circuit breaker, for connecting the ship's D-C supply to the unitsjust mentioned. The circuit breaker plunger is pulled out to connect the ship's supply. c) Push-button, located inthe upper right comer ofthe panel, used to shut downthe equipment. Its function is to disconnect the circuit breaker coil, thereby releasingthe contacts and disconnecting the ship's supply. d) Repeater snitch, locatedbelowthe voltmeter inthe middle ofthe panel, used for connectingthe repeater compasses to the transmitter onthe Master Compass. e) Fuses, plugtype. There are 3 fuses, 2 inthe ship's supply circuit and 1inthe repeater switch circuit. PANELBOX 4. Inadditionto the items mentioned above, which, of course, protmde throughthe rear ofthe panel, the following items are located inside the panel box: a) Motor field resistor, located inthe middle ofthe box, connected inseries withthe motor field. It is used to control the compass rotor speed, byvarying the speed of the alternator. Shortingout steps ofthe resistor with ajumper DECREASES the compass speed. The normal speed ofthe motor-generator is 2100 r.p.m b) Alternator field resistor, mounted onthe same frame with the motor field resistor, connected in series with the alternator field for controlling the A-C voltage to the compass rotor. VOLTAGE REDUCTIONDEVICE 5. The ship's D-C supply is stepped downfromnormal of about 115 volts to 70 volts for the D-C service supply. This supply, however, must be constant within5 volts inorder to obtain satisfactory operationofthe compass. Therefore, 3 devices for obtaining a proper service supply are available, the device selected depending onthe voltage 3 http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 50/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 FIGURE 1 CONTROL PANEL CIRCUIT BREAKER WHEIV START ING KEEP PLUNGER PUL EO OUT UNTIL MOTOR-GENER ATQR SPEEDS UP PUSH BUTTON TO SHUT DOWN COMPASS voltmeter FOR INDICAT ING O-C SUP PLY TO COM PASS EQUIP MENT SHIP'S SUPPL PUSES REPEATER SWITCH REPEATER CIRCUIT FUSE SERVICE VOLTMETER CIRCUIT BREAKER PUSH BUTTON- alternator field RESISTOR motor FtELO RESISTOR REPEATE# MOTOR TERMINAL BLOCKS REPEATOR SWITCH FIGURE2 CONTROL PANEL, VIEW INSIDEBOX 4 and regulationofthe ship's supply. The devices are: a) Series resistor, usedwhen the ship's supply is regulated to 115 volts or is constant (within- 15 volts) at any voltage between 100 and 125 volts. The resistor, Sperry part #116733, has a total resistance of 7.4 ohms and is providedwith taps for adjustingthe service voltage to 70 volts. Ifthe resistor is used, it should be connected betweenterminals R9 and RO onthe control panel terminal block. http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 51/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 b) Carbonpile regulator, used to provide a 70 volt output when the ship's supply voltage varies between90 and 130 volts. Ifthe regulator is used, its terminals 1, 2 and 3 should be connected to terminals CP1, CP2, and CP3-4 respectively onthe control panel terminal block. Also ajumper must be connected betweenterminals 3 and 4 onthe regulator. The regulator, described below, is the voltage reductiondevice most frequently used. c) Carbonpile regulator and a resistor - Ifthe ship's supply varies between90 and 150 volts, it will be necessaiy to connect a 2 ohmresistor (Sperry part #129367) inseries withthe carbonpile. This may be done byremovingthe jumper betweenterminals 3 and 4 onthe regulator and connecting the 2 ohmresistor betweenthese terminals. 6. The voltage reductiondevice should be mounted near the control panel and connected to it bypassingthe cable through anentrance hole inthe panel box. CARBONPILEREGULATOR 7. The regulator comprises a voltage coil which operates anannto vary the pressure ontwo piles of carbon discs. The resistance of these discs to a flow of electricity varies inversely as the pressure onthem, hence the pressure annis arranged so that a spring exerts the pressure and the voltage coil acts against the spring to lessenthe pressure. The coil is connected across the regulated supply and the carbonpiles are connected in series withthe line, as showninFig. 3. One cycle of operation of the regulator would be as follows: (1) the D- C supply voltage increases, thereby raisingthe voltage across the coil, (2) the coil attracts the pressure ann against its spring, lesseningthe pressure onthe carbonpiles, (3) the resistance ofthe carbonpiles increases, and (4) this increases the resistance inthe supply line and the load voltage drops. LINL
* Pll.CS VOLlibL COIL LDfly 8. A dashpot damper is connected to the pressure arm to prevent any tendency to hunt when the changes of voltage are rapid. A resistance is connected inseries with the coil to reduce the coil voltage to a safe heating value and also to limit the flux density inthe magnetic circuit as required for good voltage regulation. WvjVVV SERIES RESISTANCE FIGURE3 CARBONPILEWIRINGDIAGRAM 5 ALARM UNIT 9. Since the compass equipment is dependent onthe ship's supply and its accuracy maybe seriously affected by a failure or aninterruptionof the current, it is essential that adequate warning be given incase the supply does fail, so that steps may be takento remedy the difficulty at once. For this reasonan alarmunit, arranged to sound analarminthe wheelhouse incase the 70 volt D-C supply is interrupted, is supplied withthe equipment. http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 52/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 10. The alarmunit (Fig. 4) comprises a weatherproof case containing a voltage relay, a buzzer, a set of diy cells which supply current for operatingthe buzzer, and a toggle switchmounted onthe front ofthe case. The relay is connected across the 70 volt repeater supply, preferably at die bridge. Whenthe compass supply is normal, the relay armature is held inplace bythe energized magnet coil. The circuit to the buzzer is controlled bythe toggle switchwhich ordinarily is turned so as to silence the alarm. 11. Failure or reductionofthe compass supply voltage causes the relay armature to drop, closingthe buzzer circuit and soundingthe alarmuntil the switchis turned OFF to silence it. To prevent the switch frombeingleft inthe OFF positionwhen the supply lias beenrestored and die relay armature returned to its normal operating position, the circuit is so arranged that the buzzer is again sounded when the armature is inthe normal position. The switchis then bimed ONwhich silences the buzzer during normal operation. 6 toggle Switch s. P 0. T. 3 DRY CELLS ] 1/2 V, FIGURE4 ALARMUNIT, COVERTURNED OVER BUZZES RELAY http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 53/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 7 SECTIONII - OPERATION - TO START GYRO-COMPASS 12. Set Master Compass and repeater compasses approximately to true headingof ship. NOTE: TurnMaster Compass by graspingboththe vertical and phantomrings. 13. Pull out circuit breaker plunger to start motor-generator and compass. Holdplunger out byhand until motor-generator speeds up (inabout 5 seconds). Ifnecessary, rock Compass rotor case, inplane of rotor, until it starts. 14. When starting alongside a dock, wait until rotor is up to speed (inapproximately 10 minutes), then turn on follow-up switch onamplifier panel. (Whenstartingup at sea, release the rotor case and vertical ringlocking latches immediately and steady the rotor case byhand until rotor is up to speed.) 15. Wait one minute for rectifier tube filaments to heat up. 16. Release rotor case and vertical ringlockinglatches. 17. TurnONazimuth motor switch at amplifier paneL 18. TurnON all repeater switches. 19. Turn switchat alarmunit so as to silence alarm. 20. Reset Compass onship's headingbypressingdownonone or the other ofthe rotor case bearinghousings, and ifnecessary, level the rotor bypressingagainst the vertical ring. Check repeaters, and synchronize if necessary. http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 54/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 IFALARM SOUNDS DURINGNORMALCOMPASS OPERATION 21. A momentary failure of the supply current will cause buzzer to sound until the supply is restored, and in such case the accuracy ofthe compass will not be affected. It is well, however, to check repeaters withMaster Compass after any momentary Mure of the supply. 22. Ifalarmcontinues to sound, the current failure evidently is more thantemporary. Turn switchOFF to silence buzzer. Examine control panel immediately. The circuit breaker is adjusted to openapproximately 5 seconds after ship's supply fails. If onexamination, the circuit breaker is found open, repeat instructions for starting compass at sea. Check Master Compass and repeaters. 23. Ifmotor-generator fails to start when circuit breaker is closed, steps should be taken immediately to locate cause oftrouble. Lock Master Compass rotor case upright, with lockingdevice ifnecessary, and when the trouble has beenlocated and remedied, start Master Compass accordingto directions for starting compass at sea. 8 TO STOP COMPASS 24. TurnOFF repeater switches. 25. Turnalarmswitchto silence buzzer. 26. TurnOFF azimuthmotor switch. 27. Turn OFF follow-up switch. 28. Depress pushbuttononcontrol panel until circuit breaker snaps open, whence the voltmeter will go down to O. 29. Ifstopping compass at sea, steady rotor byhand until it stops, then lock it with lockinglatches. Ifstopping at dock, there is no need of supporting rotor byhand; it may be locked immediately. 30. Inspect equipment and clean same, ifconvenient. The equipment canbest be cleaned while it is still warm 9 SECTIONIII - MAINTENANCE - 3 1. Keep panel cleanand free fromoil and grease. 32. Keep circuit breaker contacts cleanand bright. 33. Test alarmunit every week by turning alarmswitchOFF while compass is operating. Ifalarmdoes not sound, check alarmbattery. Average life ofthese dry-cells is 3 to 4 months. 34. Keep 20-ampere fiises inship's supply fuse sockets. http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 55/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 35. Keep proper size fuse inrepeater circuit fuse socket. 36. CARBONPILEADJUSTMENTS.- The carbonpile regulator (used insome installations to keep the 70 volt D-C supply constant) is a simple and rugged piece of apparatus and is carefully tested and adjusted before shipment. Adjustment ofthe voltage setting, as described inthe following, may occasionally be necessary, but otherwise very little attention should be required. 37. Ifregulator does not functionproperly, carefully check all connections to be sure they are complete and tight. Ifvoltage remains too high, probably the regulator coil circuit is open. This canbe checked byholdinga wrench or apiece of ironclose to the magnet. Ifthere is no strongpull, the circuit is openor partly so. 38. The following adjustments should not be attempted until all other possible causes oftrouble have been eliminated. 39. VOLTAGE ADJUSTMENT - The voltage whichthe regulator will hold canbe changed ONLYby changing the positionofthe 1/4"nuts onstud to which spring is attached, and whichprotrude throughbracket at left side ofregulator. One ofthese nuts is used merely as a locknut. To raise voltage, the nuts should be screwed farther up onstud, while to reduce voltage they should be screwed farther out. When settingvoltage which regulator is to hold, be sure regulator has reachedits normal operating temperature and that supply voltage is approximately normal Whencoil is cold, it tends to regulate to a value lower thannormal. 40. CARBONPRESSUREADJUSTMENT - Ifthe regulated voltage changes with heavy loads and the fault is not inthe connections or the generator, or due to sub-normal operating temperature, the difficulty may be due to lack ofpressure oncarbons. This canbe corrected bymeans of large knurlednut at left side of carbon pile. To adjust pressure oncarbons, have no current onmagnet, pull downonarmature and screw up on knurled nut until spring ami willjust barely go back against its stop when armature is released. Then loosen adjustingnut 1/2 turnwhichwill allow armto go back freely against its stop. NEVERtry to change voltage setting by adjusting this knurlednut, as this will only result inreducingrange ofregulator. 41. DASHPOTADJUSTMENT - The dashpot is ofthe inverted air type, with a graphite 10 plunger and anair vent adjustment. This vent should be adjusted so as to overcome any tendency to hunt when load is light, or during starting. Care should be taken not to close up vent too much as this will reduce regulator sensitivity. The dashpot is constant inactionregardless oftemperature changes and its constructionis suchthat it will not become clogged with dust. 42. REPLACEMENT OF CARBONS - Brokenor damaged carbons may be readily replacedbyremoving one of the porcelain guide rods ofthe stacks. Care should be takennot to add or omit any carbonplates. 11 http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 56/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 SHIP'S SUPPLY IISVd-c- peSJSTfiNCEL"Li67 Efiocs 5mfs supeur 01 no-Giv to Tqv d-c output r'2.0b. e*H PIE HElSULATfS SUTVg SoPPLt OF 90 TO IS| TO 70V OUTPUT j :;i i b"
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DIMMER RESISTANCE- ,i RELAY 350fl VvW- C 000 0 BUZZER- BATTERY lu tr SWITCH -HI SFK HIT -suftLl AlAWS BE upt \ECT to to fiftlOW BEPF4TEF IT-iLH Ar PHHtL M ATr-Jt BO* V * Jll FIGURE5 SCHEMATIC WIRINGDIAGRAM: GYRO-COMPASS EQUIPMENT NOTEUNITS AND CONNECTIONS NOTBOXEDINARE ONCONTROL PANEL http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 57/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 12 58/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 u _ i&i auE */**+ imadf """ <& Sax' _ -j'/ *f. (Tkr-ifc :"fi .&fikM l-Kntsi' >- ZfY * g *<>)? Jly AAJif Ai=t 36 g*P. A"jjifaT4T 523E33H ft** rr*t3ji *1s-t** T- Kwft ' -tj FIGURE6 GYRO-COMPASS MKXIV, MOD. I WIRINGDIAGRAM#75454 13 SECTIONIV COMPASS CONTROL PANELASS'D. #642639-L http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 59/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 Panel front panel. Symbol Part No. Description No. Number Req'd. 1 144850 1 Fuse, 5 Amp. 2 163337 2 Fuse, 20 Amp. 3 144854 1 Switch, 5 P.S.T. Rotary 4 74949 1 SwitchAss'd., Clapper 5 144879 1 Knob Ass'd., Clapper Switch 6 154886 1 Voltmeter (0-100 V. D-C. 7 150268 1 Button, Push ALARM UNITASS'D. #642640-D Part No. Description Number Req'd. 75666 1 Gasket, Front Cover 154681 1 Switch, Toggle 200653 1 Buzzer Ass'd. 114471 1 Spring, Buzzer 200654 3 Battery, DiyCell (1-1/2 Volt 1056 1 Coil Ass'd-, Relay 123960 1 Armature Ass'd., Relay 127885 2 Spring, Relay Armature 123957 2 ScrewAss'd., Relay Contact 4675 1 Unit Ass'd., Resistance (A-350) CARBONPILEREGULATORASS'D. #75023-E Part No. Description Number Req'd. 149579 1 Unit Ass'd., Resis. (36 ohms) 149578 101 Disc, Carbon(1/16" thick) 140949 1 Coil, Regulating(17 ohms) RIBOHMRESISTORASS'D. #116733-F Part No. Description Number Req'd. 103345 2 Unit Ass'd., Resis.(D-0.9) RESISTORASS'D. #129367-6 Part No. Description Number Req'd. 86038 4 Unit Ass'd., Resis. (.5 ohm) http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 60/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 AMPLIFIER PANEL FOR GYRO-COMPASS I MARK XtV, MOD. I INSTRUCTIONSNO.17-AP-642202-D NOVEMBER 1943 NOTE: THIS BOOKAPPLIES TO PANELS BEARING SERIALNOs. 5472 THROUGH6010. SPERRYGYROSCOPE COMPANY, INC., MANHATTANBRIDGEPLAZA, BROOKLYN, NEWYORK http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 61/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 1 INTRODUCTION 1. As explained inthe compass instructionbook, the phantomelement ofthe compass is kept inalignment with the sensitive element ofthe compass bymeans of a follow-up system. The Mk. XIV, Mod. 1Compass employs a thermionic type of follow-up systemwhich is controlled by a separate electrical panel called the Amplifier PaneL This book describes the follow-up systemand gives instructions for operating the amplifier paneL 2. The thermionic type of follow-up systemhas several advantages over other types of follow-up systems in that: (a) It permits smooth and accurate transmission of the Master Compass readings to the repeater compasses. (b) It eliminates any rollingor sliding contact betweenthe sensitive and phantomelements. This reduces friction about the vertical axis ofthe sensitive element, thus improvingthe accuracy ofthe compass. (c) Since there are no rollingor sliding contacts, maintenance requirements are minimized. 3. The follow-up systemtreated inthis book is ofthe "non-hunting" type. 2 AMPLIFIERPANEL SECTIONI DESCRIPTION 1. The function ofthe amplifier panel is to control automatically a source of electrical supply to the azimuth motor onthe compass so that this motor will runinthe proper directionand for the proper lengthof time to keep the phantomelement inalignment withthe sensitive element. The signal, which causes the motor to operate is givenby a follow-up transformer mounted onthe phantomelement. The transformer has a primary coil and two secondary coils, the coils beingmounted onanE-shaped core so that the primary coil is inthe center and the secondary coils are oneither side of it. Anarmature carried bythe sensitive element completes the magnetic circuit bybridgingthe gap betweenthe primary coil and the two secondary coils inthe following manner: 2. Whenthe phantomand sensitive elements are aligned, the follow-up transformer armature passes equal amounts of magnetic flux through each secondary coiL These fluxes are opposing eachother, hence, no signal is generated and the azimuth motor does not operate. Whenthe armature is displaced fromthis balanced positionbya movement ofthe phantomelement away fromthe sensitive element, unequal fluxes pass through the transformer secondaries, and the difference ofthe unequal voltages thus induced is transmitted to the grid of the amplifier tube onthe amplifier panel. The amplifier tube intensifies the signal, whichthen serves to control two grid-controlled, gas-filled rectifier tubes. The output ofthese tubes is fed throughthe armature of the shunt http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 62/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 field azimuth motor, which then drives the phantomelement inazimuth to restore its alignment with the sensitive element. 3. Hieprimary coil ofthe follow-up transformer onthe phantomelement of the compass is supplied with210 cycle a-c fromphase #9- 10 ofthe gyro supply through a current limitingresistance R1mounted near the top of the phantomring. The secondaiy coils are tuned for maximumoutput at 210 cycles by .20 mf condensers CI and C2 mounted onsmall brackets near the top of the phantomring. The secondary coils are connected in series opposing, so that when their voltages are equal, their combined output is zero. 4. The amplifier maybe divided into two parts for purposes of explanation: (1) the voltage amplifier, consisting ofvacuumtube VI and its associated components, and (2) the power amplifier, consisting ofthe rectifier tubes V2 and V3 and the azimuth motor circuit. The voltage amplifier merely serves to amplify the signal fromthe pick-up transformer to a value suitable for operatingthe power amplifier, which inturn supplies and controls current to drive the azimuthmotor. ELECTRICALCIRCUITS 5. As showninfigure 2, the compass signal (showninred) is carried fromterminals A and Bof the follow-up transformer, through the compass cable, to the amplifier panel where it is fed to the grid and cathode ofthe type 2A5 vacuumtube VI This tube operates as a linear amplifier and, therefore, delivers to the primary, 5-6, of transformer T1anamplified reproductionofthe compass signal. This is an alternatingvoltage built up across 5 and 6 as the signal onthe grid ofVI permits more or less current to flow inthe plate circuit. 3 6. The plate supply oftube VI (showninblue) is obtained fromterminal T4 which is positive d-c fromthe ship's supply. Fromthis terminal the supply passes to K, the screen grid terminal of tube VI, and also through the primary oftransformer T1 to the plate ofVI, throughVIto its cathode, throughpotentiometer P1 to terminal T5 which is the negative side ofthe ship's supply. 7. The plate current drawnbyV1 (approximately 10 milliamperes) must pass through P1. A voltage drop is thus obtained and communicated to the grid ofVI through the resistance R2 and the signal circuit, the amount of drop dependinguponthe positionofthe sliding contact ofP1. The voltage drop serves to bias the grid of tube VI to the proper operating point, and negative withrespect to the cathode. Resistance R2 and condenser C3 serve to filter out any ripple which maybe present inthe drop across the potentiometer P1. Condenser C4 permits amplified signal currents inthe primary of transfomier Ti to returnto the cathode ofVI without passing through the plate supply circuit. As the currents are the result of aninduced EMF inthe follow-up transformer. they are, therefore, alternating incharacter and canbe passed throughthe condenser. 8. The filament or heater circuit of tube VI (showninblack) is obtained fromthe secondary coil AS-AF of the power transformer T2. 9. The power stage employs two grid-controlled, gas-filled, rectifier tubes V2 and V3. These tubes are half- wave rectifiers and consequently pass current onpositive plate alternations only, and then only when the grids are sufficiently positive to permit tube operation. By supplying the grids with a bias voltage ofthe same frequency as the plate supply, the firing of eachrectifier canbe controlled by controllingthe potential onits respective grid. The potential of eachrectifier grid is controlled by the signal fromthe couplingtransfonner Ti superimposed onthe bias voltage. 10. The plate circuit oftube V2 (showninblue) starts at tap 276 ofthe power supply transformer T2, passes http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 63/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 to the plate of V2, through V2 to its filament, fromthe filament through the heater winding inthe power transformer for V2, through the a-c ammeter Mto one side ofthe azimuthmotor armature AZ2, throughthe armature to one side ofthe azimuthmotor switch S, throughthe switchto the azimuthmotor series resistance R3, and through the resistance to terminal TS ofthe secondary of the power supply transformer T2. 11. The plate circuit oftube V3 (also shown inblue)starts at terminal TS ofthe secondary of the power supply transformer T2 and passes to one end of the series resistance R3, throughthe resistance to one side ofthe azimuthmotor switch S, through the switchto one side ofthe azimuthmotor armature AZ1, throughthe armature to the a-c ammeter, throughthe ammeter to the plate oftube V3, throughtube V3 to its filament and fromthe filament through the heater winding for V3 to tap 276 ofthe secondary ofthe power supply transformer T2. 12. The filament or heater circuits for tubes V2 and V3 (showninblack) are obtained fromthe two secondary coils MS-MF ofthe power transformer T2. The same conductors are used for the grid returns. 13. The grid circuit oftube V2 (showninred)starts at terminal 8 of the couplingtransformer T1, passes through the grid resistor R4 to the grid of tube V2, throughthe tube to the filament, fromthe filament through the filament heater winding for V2 to terminal 4 0C ofthe 10-volt winding 0S-0C-0F onthe power transformer T2. The winding 0S-0C-0F, together withthe small microfarad condenser C5 and the resistor R7, forma phase-shift bridge. Tire commonterminal of the condenser and the resistor is connected to terminal 7 onT1. The phase-shift bridge is so connected that a bias of 5 volts is always applied to the grid ofV2. 14. The grid circuit oftube V3 (also showninred) starts at terminal 4 ofthe couplingtransformer T1,passes throughthe grid resistor R5 to the grid of tube V3, throughthe tube to the filament, fromthe filament through the filament heater winding for V3 to terminal NC ofthe 10-volt windingNS-NC-NF onthe power transformer T2. The winding NS- NC-NF, together withthe small microfarad condenser C6 and the resistor R8, forma phase-shift bridge. The commonterminal of the condenser and the resistor is connected to terminal 3 onT1. The phase-shift bridge is so connected that a bias of 5 volts is always applied to the grid ofV3. 15. The two secondaries ofthe couplingtransformer T1 are so connected to the grids ofthe rectifier tubes V2 and V3 that when a signal is received fromthe compass follow-up transformer and amplified through the amplifier tube VI, the signal voltage onthe grid ofV2 is inphase withthe signal voltage onthe grid ofV3. This signal voltage is superimposed onthe bias voltage of eachrectifier tube, hence the voltage applied to the grid of eachtube is the resultant ofthe signal and bias voltages. 16. The azimuth motor field (showninblue) is connected as a shunt field through a series resistance R6 of approximately 170 ohms onthe amplifier panel to the ship's 115-volt d-c supply. One side of this field circuit is connected directly to the positive side ofthe ship's d-c supply. The other side returns to compass #10 terminal which is negative and commonto boththe ship's supply and the 210 cycle a-c compass rotor circuit. 17. The signal for tube V3 originates when the transformer armature onthe compass moves upward, as viewed infigure 2. Hie signal for tube V2 originates when the transformer armature moves downward, as viewed infigure 2. OPERATINGCHARACTERISTICS 18. The amplifier is wired to provide non-huntingoperationofthe follow-up system, that is, the azimuthmotor http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 64/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 comes to rest without oscillation as the follow-up transformer is centered. 19. Under normal operationand withthe follow-up transformer centered, the rectifier tubes glow steadily and the current measured by the ammeter inthe plate circuit will read about 0.4 ampere. The bias voltage onthe grid of eachrectifier tube causes the tube to pass current continuously. This is accomplished byhavingthe bias voltage nearly inphase with the plate voltage, so that when the plate is positive the bias voltage will cause the tube to fire. 20. As the follow-up transformer onthe compass is displaced to one side withrespect to the armature, the amplified signal voltage fromtransformer T1 is added to the bias voltage oneach rectifier tube, the output of one rectifier tube is decreased while the output ofthe other is increased. As shown infigure 2 the output currents fromtubes V2 and V3 pass throughthe azimuth motor armature inopposite directions. The difference between 5 the two currents provides the torque to turnthe azimuthmotor ina directionto bringthe follow-up transformer back into alignment with the armature and reduce the signal voltage to zero. Hence, a displacement of the follow-up transformer to one side causes the azimuthmotor to turninone directionwhile a displacement of the follow-up transformer to the other side causes the azimuthmotor to turn inthe opposite direction. SECTIONII INSTALLATION 21. When installingthe amplifier, it is necessary simply to connect the terminals onthe amplifier panel terminal block to the correspondingterminals inthe compass and onthe compass control paneL It is important that terminals T4 and T5 onthe amplifier panel are connected to the ship's supply of 115-volts, d-c. The polarity of these terminals must also be correct; that is, T4 must be positive and T5 negative. 22. After makingall connections correctly, start the compass rotor and let it come up to frill speed. Close the "Follow-Up" switchonthe amplifier panel; thenwait approximately one minute for the rectifier tube filaments to heat up. Instartingup the first time, have someone holdthe azimuth motor armature onthe compass, then close the "Azimuth Motor" switch onthe amplifier panel. The amplifier should start to function immediately and the azimuthmotor should turnthe phantomelement into exact alignment with the sensitive element. Ifthe azimuth motor turnstile phantomout of alignment withthe sensitive element, it will be necessary to reverse the azimuth motor brushleads betweenthe brushholders and the azimuth motor terminal block so that the motor will runin the right directionto restore the alignment of the phantomand sensitive elements. SECTIONIII OPERATION STARTING 23. To start the compass proceed as follows: 24. Followthe starting instructions given inthe compass instructionbook and control panel instructionbook which are supplied withthe equipment. 25. Whenthe compass rotor has come up to speed, close the "Follow-Up" switch. Thenwait for one http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 65/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 minute for the rectifier tube filaments to heat up. 6 26. Close the "AzimuthMotor" switch, first makingsure the rotor case and vertical ringlockinglatches have beenreleased. STOPPING 27. Openthe "AzimuthMotor" switch. 28. Openthe "Follow-Up" switch. 29. Shut downthe compass as explained inthe compass and control panel books. SECTIONIV MAINTENANCE ADJUSTMENTS 30. The cuivent through the azimuth motor armature fromthe amplifier is indicated onthe a-c ammeter onthe amplifier panel and should be approximately 0.4 ampere. At semiannual intervals it maybe necessary to adjust the sliding contact onthe potentiometer P1bymeans of a small screwdriver inorder to obtainthe best possible operation. This adjustment should be made only by a service engineer. 3 1. As the rectifier tubes age or after they have beenused several thousand hours, it will be found that the azimuthmotor current has decreased and may be considerably less than 0.4 ampere. This current canbe restored to normal by shorting out some of the azimuth motor armature series resistance R3 onthe back ofthe amplifier paneL TUBES, MOTOR, ETC. 32. The life ofthe C1A rectifier tubes varies. The tubes may function satisfactorily for a few hundred hours or for several thousand hours. As a C1A rectifier tube ages, the startingvoltage ofthe tube gradually increases and it will eventually become so highthat the supply voltage fromthe power transformer will not be enoughto fire the tube, inwhich case the tube is no longer of any use. Ifone tube inthe amplifier foils, it is probable that the startingvoltage was too high or the filament burned out. A newrectifier tube then should be put inits place. Ifthe other tube is very old, it would be advisable to replace bothrectifiers inorder to have the amplifier function smoothly. 33. It is improbable that the type 2A5 vacuumtube will foil except after a very longtime. This tube is one of the indirectly heated cathode type, is very rugged, and is beingoperated inthe amplifier at less thanhalfits rated load. 34. Ifbothrectifiers go out suddenly, look for anopeninthe azimuthmotor armature circuit or anopen resistance unit, R3, inseries withthe azimuthmotor armature. 7 http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 66/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 35. Ifbyholdingthe follow-up transformer armature approximately inthe center and thenbymovingit first to one side and thenthe other, the signal controls the rectifier tubes, and still the azimuthmotor has no torque at all, it is very probable that the field circuit to the azimuthmotor is open. There may be anopen field connection or the resistance R6, inseries withthe motor field and located onthe back of the amplifier panel, may be burned out. 36. IMPORTANTNOTE. Whenthe non-huntingtype of follow-up, described inthis booklet, is used with the Mark XIV, Mod. 1 Gyro-Compass, the lost motiondevice onthe compass transmitter must be set for zero lost motion. 8 http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 67/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 FIGUREI AMPLIFIERPANEL-FRONTAND REARVIEWS FORRATINGSANDDESIGNATIONS OF ITEMS SHOWNINTHIS FIGURESEEPAGE9. ELECTRICALRATINGS OFITEMSSHOWN ISFIG. 2 Item Name CI, C2 *Follow-Up Transformer Secondary Coil Condenser C3 Filament Bias Filter Condenser C4 By-Pass Condenser C5, C6 Phase-Shift Bridge Condenser R1 *Follow-Up Transformer Primary Coil Series Resistance R2 2A5 Amplifier Tube Bias Filter Resistor R3 Azimuth Motor Armature Series Resistors (146 ohms R4, R5 Grid Resistor Azimuth Motor Field Series Resistors R6 R7 R8 T1 T2 PI VI Phase-Shift Bridge Resistors (2) Phase-Shift Bridge Resistors (2) Rectifier Input Transformer Power Transformer 2A5 Amplifier Tube Bias Filter Potentiometer Amplifier Tube (Vacuum) Rating .20 MF 2 MF 2 MF .75 MF 1200 ohms .05 Meg. ( 25 ohms (110093 .01Meg. ( 25 ohms (146 ohms 5000 ohms ea. 5000 ohms ea. Type 1651 1000 ohms 2A5 Part No. 154848 151442 151442 150648 133324 147371 (151033 151040 (151033 (110093 158132 158132 150974 642645 154695 144132 http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 68/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 V2, V3 Rectifier Tubes (Thyratron) CIA 140406 *Follow-Up Transformer - 152076 * Follow-Up Transformer Primary Coil - 152077 *Follow-Up Transformer Secondary Coil - 152078 M A-C Ammeter (Range 0-1Amp.) - 151029 * Azimuth Motor Assembly - 642135 * Azimuth Motor Armature - 91296 * Azimuth Motor FieldCoil - 91297 Items marked (*) belongto the Gyro-Compass Assembly. http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 69/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 Ofi MASTER cow pass / AZIMUTH motc ff ON OVRO-COWPA5S r-JLLCM-UP TRANSFORMER znt w Kfr FOLLOW UP SWITCH TO RDTDH OF GVRO- COM'RftSS BlEL TO COMPASS CONTROL PANEL 50V. ZIOSUr-PiY azimuth Mgigfi1 ARMATURE SERIES RESISTORS AZlMUT H-* MOTOR SWITCH ISY D : black io supply circuit, filament circuits RED - GRID CIRCUITS BLUE -PLATE CIRCUITS TO COMPASS control panel frJH Bia FIGURE2 AMPLIFIER- SCHEMATIC WIRINGDIAGRAM 10 AMPLIFIER PANEL#642202 -AL http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 70/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 Symbol Part No. Description No. Number Req'd. 1 642645 1 Transformer Ass'y., Power 2 150974 1 Transformer Ass'y., Rectifier Input 3 151029 1 Ammeter (0-1Amp. A.C. 4 650029 2 Thyratron (CIA 5 144132 1 Tube, Vacuum(2A5 6 154695 1 Potentiometer Ass'y. 7 151442 2 Condenser (2MFD 8 147371 1 Resistor (.05 Megohm 9 151040 2 Resistor (.01 Megohm 10 151033 2 Resistor (A25-T1 11 110093 2 Resistor (B146-T1 12 146405 3 Clamp Ass'y., Tube 13 144954 2 Socket Ass'y. (4 Prong 14 143435 1 Socket Ass'y. (6 Prong 15 151031 2 SwitchAss'y., 2 P.S.T. Toggle 16 158132 4 Resistor (5000 Ohms 17 150648 2 Condenser (0.75 MFD http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 71/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 W MOTOR GENERATOR MARK XXXEI, MOO. 1 115 VOLT INSTRUCTIONSNO. 17-MG-67633-B AUGUST 1940 SPERRYGYROSCOPE COMPANY, INC. MANHATTANBRIDGEPLAZA, BROOKLYN, NEW YORK 2 FOREWORD 1. The Motor-Generator is designed for conversionofthe ship's supply of 115-volt D-Cto 50 volt, 3-phase, 210 cycle A-C for drivingthe gyro-wheel ofthe Master Gyro-Compass. 2. The 115-volt ship's supply is reduced through a carbonpile regulator or a series resistor to 70 volts for drivingthe motor end of the Motor-Generator, and also the repeater systemof the Master Compass. DESCRIPTION 3. The alternator end ofthe machine consists of aninductor type generator, the stationary windings ofwhich are a D-C field and a 3-phase A-C winding. The 5 terminals are brought out to a commonterminal block on the side of the machine. The alternator field winding, and also the motor field winding, are excited fromthe Control Panel through adjustable resistors. 4. The motor end consists of aninterpole compound-wound motor. The speed of the motor is controlled byresistors located onthe back ofthe Control Panel. At the time the Compass is http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 72/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 f/HfiPat iiML!SkC. VMinaa BONO *X60tfHJWHHH6 ,1-PHME 5Tff installed, these resistors are adjusted to give a Motor-Generator speed of2100 r.p.munder normal runningconditions. Once made, this adjustment becomes permanent unless the normal value of the ship's supply is altered. 5. The armature shaft is mounted onball bearings enclosed in housings inthe end brackets. The bearings are the deep groove type, withtheir inner races clamped to the shaft. The bearingat the generator end is locked inpositionand acts as botha radial WIRINGDIAGRAM MOTOR-GENERATORMK. XXXVI, MOD. 1 and a thrust bearing. The bearingat the motor end floats to allow sufficient freedomfor expansion. The motor end ofthe shaft is provided with an oil-thrower to prevent creepage of oil or grease fromthe bearings to the electrical connections ofthe anuature. 6. The machine is suspended on4 shock-mounts. See outline drawingonpage 4. OPERATION 7. The machine is operated fromthe Control Panel, by means ofthe circuit breaker. For starting, the circuit breaker plunger is pulled out and held byhanduntil the Motor-Generator speeds up, when the voltage across the breaker coil will be sufficient to holdthe plunger and the operator's hand maybe released. Usually the plunger must be held for about 5 seconds. 8. The machine is stopped simply bypressingthe pushbuttononthe Control Panel. The buttondisconnects the circuit breaker coif thereby allowingthe breaker to open. 9. Inspect the commutator and brushes every week. Ifthe brushes slide freely inthe holders, they will bear uponthe commutator withthe proper tension. Brushes whichhave worn downmore than 3/8-inchshould be replaced. 10. Sparking, the chief cause of commutator troubles, may be entirely preventedby: a. Properly sanding innewbrushes, when substituting for old ones, until the bearing surface ofthe brushes conforms perfectly to the curved surface ofthe commutator. b. Never allowingoil or carbondust to collect inthe vicinity ofthe brushholders. c. Keepingthe ship's supply voltage within 10 volts of the nonnal value. d. Keepingthe commutator surface free from oif grease and moisture. e. Keepingthe slots betweenthe commutator bars free fromdust and grease. 11. A dirty commutator should be cleaned with a piece of soft clothmoistened with carbontetrachloride. http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 73/75 3 MAINTENANCE 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 Remove all traces of carbon, and polishthe commutator preferably with a fresh piece of cloth moistened with alcohoL This will remove any excess carbontetrachloride and insure proper dryingofthe insulation. Ifneedbe, cleanthe brushholders inthe same manner, after removingthe brushes, makingsure that the brushes are replaced properly and slide freely inthe holders. 12. A rough commutator should be carefully smoothed with a piece of fine sandpaper while the machine is running. Make sure to remove all copper and carbondust fromthe vicinity ofthe brush-holders after this operation. Ifnecessary, cleanout the slots betweenthe commutator bars with a sharp piece ofhardwood. DO NOTUSEEMERYONCOMMUTATOR. 13. The neutral or normal operatingpositionofthe brush-holders is set at the factory and is clearly markedby a white line across the brush-holder support and the brushring. Ifthe machine is disassembled, care should be takennot to shift the brush- holders fromtheir normal markedposition. However, should the brush-holders be moved fromtheir proper position, the brushringto whichthe brush-holders are attached should be shifted back to its markedpositionby looseningthe brush ringclamp screw, movingthe ringinthe required direction and tightening the screw. LUBRICATION 14. The ball bearings of the motor-generator are packedwith grease and require only anoccasional additional applicationof lubricant through the cups providedat eachend of the machine. Keep the cups filled with a good grade of bearinggrease (suchas is supplied inthe spare part box). 15. The cups should be filled before startingthe equipment, and the handles turned downslightly. It will be necessary to give themonly about 1turn every monththereafter. 4 PARTS LIST MOTOR-GENERATOR#67633-P MK. XXXVI - MOD. 1 (115 V.) http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 74/75 6/27/2014 Sperry Gyrocompass Mark 14 Symbol Part No. Description No. Number Req'd. 1 124570 1 Armature Ass'd. 2 124569 1 Stator Ass'd, 3 124567 2 Coil, Interpole Field 4 124568 2 Coil, Field 5 164277 1 Holder Ass'd., Brush 6 124564 1 Block, BrushHolder 7 124565 1 Spring, BrushHolder 8 124346 2 Brush, Commutator 9 200090 2 Bearing, Ball (SKF 6304 10 124563 2 Cup, Grease 11 128455 4 Shim, Armature End Play 12 138250 4 Mounting, Rubber 13 146172 4 Screw 14 40964 8 Washer Doc Home Page Copyright 2008, Historic Naval Ships Association. All Rights Reserved. Legal Notices and Privacy Policy Version 3.00 http://www.hnsa.org/doc/gyromkl 4/ 75/75