Industrial Directory Of India

Aug 13

Industrial Directory of
India.Com
Released
"New Projects This Week"
RELEASED : ISSUE AUGUST 10/14

Comprising of Total

81 New Project Enquiries

with Company's Name/ Address/ Phone/ Fax/ Contact person/E-mail

(Published Every Week :Electronic Issue)
http://www.industrialdirectoryofindia.com/download
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT PROJECT ENQUERIES
Visit : http://industrialdirectoryofindia.com/FAQ

(Helpline : +91-900 7158 600)

Project Update

Manglam Distillers Plans to Set

Up
60 KLPD Distillery with CoGen Power
--------------------------------------------

(Update : Ref Our Earlier Report

on 29.04.2014 )

Manglam Distillers & Bottling Industries plans to set up

a 60 KLPD Grain Based Distillery along with 3.0 MW Co-Generation Power
Plant (Coal/Rice Husk Based ) at Pacharia (CHANGSARI) Village, Tehsil : Hajo in
Kamrup District, Assam.
It will produce ENA (Extra Neutral Alcohol), Rectified Spirit, Industrial Alcohol in
the above plant.

Capacity :
Distillery

: 60 KLPD

Captive Power Plant : 3.0 MW

( Fuel :

Coal/Rice Husk)

Bottling Plant
By Prouct : CO2 will be generated during fermentation
process which will be collected and sold to authorized vendor.

Location : Pacharia (CHANGSARI) Village, Tehsil : Hajo

Kamrup District, Assam

As on

AUGUST 13, 2014 : The Project is under Planning Stage.

The unit would come up on about

27 Bigha of Land .

About 33% of the area will be developed as Green Belt.

IMPORTANT: As per the the discussion we had

on 06.08.2014 with Manglam Distillers & Bottling Industries
the Project is under Panning Stage.

The company is still waiting for Environmental clearances .

The project work is likely to start in

The Project

by End of 2014.

is Scheduled to be Completed

by December, 2015.
=======================================
So, this is the

RIGHT TIME to contact

to obtain the detailed

Enquiry

and Follow Up at following address

of each product in time and to

submit your quotation subsequently.

The Main Scope of Supply includes:

Boiler
Fuel

: *30 TPH
: **Coal/Rice Husk
(85 TPD /100 TPD)

Stack Height

: 45 M

Heat Exchanger, Air Pre-Heater/ Economiser.

Actual Steam Requirement : 28 TPH

** Coal will be sourced from Assam & Biomass from nearby

area.
===============================

Raw Materials :
1. Grains/Corn
50 MT/day
2. Alpha
Amylase
Kg/ Day
3. Amyloglucosidase
30 Kg/ Day
4. Yeast (Active Dry Yeast/
As per requirement
5. Sulphuric
Acid
6. Urea
60 kg/day
7. Nutrients
Ammonia
Kg/day
8. Antifoam
0.6 kg per KL 36 kgs
9. Sulphuric
Acid
10. Biocides
30 kg

:1

: 30
:
:

: 50 Kg
:

: 150
:

: 50 Kg

Vacuum Distillation method will be adopted for

obtaining Ethanol.
In vacuum distillation, ethanol is separated
and concentrated using principal of fractional distillation.
This is based on difference in boiling points of
volatile compounds in mixture. There are six columns in the system Primary
column:
1. Mash column,
2. Rectifier column,

3.
4.
5.
6.

Hydro extractive distillation column,

Refining column,
Aldehydes Column and
Defuse Column.

Air Pollution Control Equipment :

Trima Cyclone
To control the particulate emissions from Coal Fired boiler will be controlled by Trima
be installed as pollution control equipment with proper stack height

Cyclone will

Steam generated from the boiler will be utilized in the generation of

3.0 MW Power and wili also be used for Boiler feed water heating and
Distillery.

Flue gases after super heating the steam will pass through Economizer where they
will Pre-Heat the boiler Feed water before it enters the boiler drum. After
Economizer, flue will pass through Air Pre-Heaters where they will heat the air
which will be fed to the boiler furnace for burning the fuel.

High pressure superheated steam from boiler will pass through a Steam Turbine
and at the lower pressure will go to the condenser.
The part of the steam will be extracted from the extraction points provided on the
turbine, which will be used for distillery.

The condensed steam will return to the steam boiler as condensate and will again
be boiled as steam.

While passing through the turbine, the high pressure and temperature steam will rotate the
turbine rotor and an Electric Alternator mounted on the same shaft.

Electric power will be generated by the alternator. This electric power generated will be consumed
in house i.e. for running the distillery and utilities like boilers auxiliaries etc. and surplus power
will be exported to the state grid.

Steam turbine
Coal handling system
Ash handling system
Air Cooled Condenser
Power plant stack
Single Chimney

Fuel system
Cooling Tower
STORAGE OF GOODS OR MATERIALS
(Grains : Metal silo, Sulphuric Acid : MS Tank with lining,
Rectified Spirit: MS Tanks, Extra Neutral Alcohol : SS Tanks)

=======================

Manufacturing Process:
GRAIN CLEANING, MILLING AND FLOUR HANDLING :
The grain is lifted in Bucket

Elevators, screened followed by removal of stones and iron

matter. Cleaned Grains are then milled using Dry Milling Process in Hammer Mills. The flour
is fed through the bucket elevator and conveyed to the Batch Tipping Machine through a
Screw Conveyor. The flour addition is metered through the Batch Tipping Machine with load cell

arrangement, before transferring the flour to the Slurry Tank through another Screw Conveyor (premasher) for slurry preparation process.

SLURRY PREPARATION & LIQUEFACTION :

Grain flour and process water is fed at controlled rate to Initial Liquefaction tank. Mixed slurry is
taken to the Initial Liquefaction Tank where additional quantity of water is added as per requirement.
Viscosity reduction Enzyme and stabilizing chemicals and a portion of liquefying enzyme are also added
at this stage. This slurry is then cooked in the Jet Cooker.
The slurry is continuously pumped to a steam jet cooker where high-pressure steam rapidly raises the
slurry temperature. The mixture of slurry and steam is then passed through the Retention Vessel.
The retention vessel has sufficient capacity to provide the desired retention time at a given flow rate. The
cooked mash is discharged to a Flash Tank.
The cooking process, accomplished in the above manner, converts the slurry into a hydrated, sterilized
suspension and is therefore susceptible to enzyme attack for liquefaction.

The gelatinized mash from the Flash Tank is liquefied in the Final Liquefaction Tank where liquefying
enzyme (alpha-amylase) is added. The liquefied mash is cooled in Mash Cooler and transferred to

Saccharification cum fermentation section. This

process initiates the formation of sugar.
The gelatinized mash from the Flash Tank is liquefied in the Final Liquefaction Tank where liquefying
enzyme (alpha-amylase) is added. The liquefied mash is cooled in Mash Cooler and transferred to
Saccharification cum Fermentation section.

HIFERM-NM SACCHARIFICATION AND INSTANTANEOUS

FERMENTATION :
Yeast seed material is prepared in water-cooled Yeast Activation Vessel by inoculating sterilized mash
with Active Dry Yeast. Optimum temperature is maintained by cooling water. The contents of the Yeast
Activation Vessel are then transferred to Fermenter.

Saccharification & Instantaneous Fermentation:

The Liquefied starch slurry comprising Dextrins is partly taken for Yeast development in Yeast Activation
vessel and majorly transferred into the Fermenter. Amyloglucozydase and other nutrient Enzymes are
first added to Saccharify the Starch Slurry causing formation of Sugars. Immediately, the Active Yeast
is introduced in the system for simultaneous Fermentation. The process of fermentation is to convert the
fermentable substrate into alcohol.

The carbon dioxide evolved during the process is vented to atmosphere after recovery of alcohol in a
scrubber..

MULTI PRESSURE DISTILLATION :

This process utilizes following columns namely the Analyser, Degassifier, Pre-Rectifier Column, Stripper,
Rectifier cum Exhaust, Extractive Distillation (ED) Column, Recovery Column and Simmering Column in
ideal heat integration in order to reduce the energy consumption.

The Analyzer, Degassifier & Extractive Distillation Columns are operated under Vacuum whereas the
Simmering, the Recovery Columns are operated under Atmospheric condition. The Pre-Rectifier,
Rectifier-cum-Exhaust Columns are operated under Pressure.
The energy requirement for Analyser, Degassifier Column is met by Rectifier Column top vapours.

The Distillation Plant shall be designed for use of Grain starch route only.

ALCOHOL (ENA & TA) DAILY RECEIVERS & BULK STORAGE :

The Extra Neutral Alcohol & Technical Alcohol (Impure Spirit) is first taken to Daily receiver storage tanks,
which is based on the State Excise laws, storage for three days considering the weekly holidays of two
days. Thereafter, the alcohol is transferred to Bulk Storage Tanks after taking the daily receiver Dip. This
is transferred using flameproof pumps. Final dispatch of alcohol is metered and again
is carried out using special flameproof pumps.

The Bulk Spirit Storage is proposed to be set up for 30 days.

*************************************
Details of Material Handling for Distillery:
Bucket Elevators, Vibrating Screen,

Hammer Mills, Screw Conveyor

GRAIN STORAGE : Pre-Cleaning and to store in Storage Silos.

GRAIN STORAGE : The grain has to be lifted in Bucket

Elevators,

screened followed by removal of stones and iron matter.

<p class="
...
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New Projects This Week"

RELEASED : ISSUE August 03 /14
Comprising of Total

81 New Project Enquiries

with Company's Name/ Address/ Phone/ Fax/ Contact person/E-mail

(Published Every Week :Electronic Issue)
http://www.industrialdirectoryofindia.com/download
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT PROJECT ENQUERIES
Visit : http://industrialdirectoryofindia.com/FAQ

(Helpline : +91-900 7158 600)

Project Update
RJC Agros Plans To Set Up
120 KLD Distillery with CPP
--------------------------------------------(Update : Ref Our Earlier Report on 23.10.2013 )

RJC Agros Limited plans to set up a 120 KLD Grain Based Distillery
along with 5 MW Captive Power Plant (Coal / Biomass Based) at Rekulakunta
Village in Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh.
It will produce Extra Neutral Alcohol, Rectified Spirit & Ethanol.

Capacity :
Distillery

: 120 KLD

Captive Power Plant : 5 MW

(Coal/Biomass Based)

Botling Plant :
CO2 Recovery Plant :
CO2 generation will be 91.2 TPD and will be recovered in CO2 Recovery plant and will be
given to bottling units.

Location : Rekulakunta Village,Anantapur District

Andhra Pradesh.

As on

August 06, 2014 : The Project is under Planning Stage .

The unit would come up on about

Out of this

20.92 Acres of Land .

6.9 Acres of land

The unit will be developed as Green Belt.

IMPORTANT: As per the the discussion we had

on 28.07.2014 with RJC Agros Limited
the Project is under Panning Stage.

The company is still waiting for environmental clearance.

The project work is likely to start by

November,2014.

The Project is Scheduled to be Completed

by December 2015.

So, this is the

RIGHT TIME to contact

obtain the detailed

Enquiry

and Follow Up at following address to

of each product in time and to

submit your quotation subsequently.

The Main Scope of Supply includes:

1. Boiler
Fuel

2. Boiler
Fuel

: 50 TPH
: Coal/ Biomass

: 25 TPH
: Coal/ Biomass

Heat Exchanger, Air Pre- Heater/ Economiser

*Coal

: Imported Coal (Indonesia / Australia)/

Indian Coal (Singareni Collieries Limited)/
Biomass (Local areas)

Raw Materials :

The requirement of the Grain (Maize, Corn, Sorghum Grain,

Broken rice and Starch based grains etc) to produce 120 KLD
Alcohol), RS (Rectified Spirit) & Ethanol has been estimated at

ENA (Extra Neutral

320 Tonnes/

Day.

Air Pollution Control Equipment :

Electrostatic Precipitators/ Bag Filter

To control the particulate emissions from Coal Fired boiler will be controlled by ESP/ High Efficiency
Bag Filter and emissions will be dispersed through appropriate Stack Height.

Steam generated from the boiler will be utilized in the generation of

5 MW Power and wil also be used for Boiler feed water heating and Distillery.

Flue gases after super heating the steam will pass through Economizer where they
will Pre-Heat the boiler Feed water before it enters the boiler drum. After
Economizer, flue will pass through Air Pre-Heaters where they will heat the air
which will be fed to the boiler furnace for burning the fuel.

After Air Pre Heaters flue gases will pass through an

Precipitator where the Dust Particles will be

Electro Static

collected on charged electrodes.

After passing through ESP, clean flue gases with dust particle concentration also
known as SPM level less than 50 mg/Nm3 through a

Chimney

of prescribed

height.
The dust will be collected from the bottom of the ESP.

High pressure superheated steam from boiler will pass through a Steam Turbine
and at the lower pressure will go to the condenser.
The part of the steam will be extracted from the extraction points provided on the
turbine, which will be used for distillery.

The condensed steam will return to the steam boiler as condensate and will again
be boiled as steam.

While passing through the turbine, the high pressure and temperature steam will rotate the
turbine rotor and an Electric Alternator mounted on the same shaft.

Electric power will be generated by the alternator. This electric power generated will be consumed
in house i.e. for running the distillery and utilities like boilers auxiliaries etc. and surplus power
will be exported to the state grid.

********************************************************
Manufacturing Process :
The following are the steps involved in the manufacturing Process for
Rectified Spirit/Ethanol/ENA:

1. Milling
2. Liquefaction
3. Saccharification
4. Fermentation

Cleaning & Milling

The Grain is first pre-cleaned for removing stones, dust and foreign materials with the help

Destoner and Magnetic Separators, before milling. Milling

involves processing grain through a Hammer Mill
of

(with screens between 3.2 to 4.0 mm) to production grain flour.

Liquefaction
The whole grain flour is slurred with water, and heat-stable enzyme (a-amylase) is added.
The slurry from the milling operation is cooked with steam and this is known as
liquefaction Liquefaction is accomplished using jet-cookers that inject steam into the grain
flour slurry to cook it at temperatures above 100C (212F).

Saccharification
After liquefaction, the slurry, now called Liquefied Grain Slurry, is cooled to approximately
30C (86F), and a second enzyme, Glucoamylase is added. Glucoamylase completes
the breakdown of the starch into simple sugar (glucose).

Fermentation
In the fermentation step, yeast is added to the grain mash to begin the process of
converting the simple sugars to ethanol. The other components of the grain (protein, oil,
etc.) remain largely unchanged during the fermentation process. Duration of fermentation is
around 48hrs.

Distillation
Then the product will undergo vacuum distillation or multi-pressure distillation
(which has many advantages over conventional atmospheric distillation.

Vacuum Distillation has lower energy requirement, consistently produces very high quality
alcohol and less scaling of distillation trays due to sludge.

********************************************************
Steam turbine : Capacity- 1500 KWH
Coal handling system
Ash handling system
Air Cooled Condenser
Power plant stack
Single Chimney

Fuel system
Cooling Tower
Cooled Condenser :
Use of Air Cooled Condenser to be used to reduce water
consumption.

All the Conveyors will be covered with GI sheets to prevent the fugitive
dust emission into the atmosphere.

Other Equipment :

Slurry Tank with Agitator and motor

..
Slurry Feed Pump with motor

Liquefaction Tank with agitator and motor

..
Pump for Initial Liquefaction Tank with motor
..
Condensate Tank
..
Condensate Transfer Pump
..
Final Liquefaction Tank with agitator & motor
..
Pump for final Liquefaction Tank with motor
..
Mash cooler
..
Enzyme Dosing System
..
CIP TANK
..
CIP transfer pump with motor
..

Piping and valves & Instrumentation

..
Yeast Activation Vessel
..
Yeast Activation Vessel Recirculation
cum Transfer Pump with motor
..
Activation Vessel Cooler
..
Fermented wash Re circulation Pump with Motor
..
Beer well pumps
..
Air Blowers

..
Spent Wash pump with flame proof motor
..

DG set : (1 No.) will be

installed for emergency power Back-up during

power failure:

Water Treatment Plant

Oxidisation Chamber, IRF, R.O./D.M. Plant,
Pumps Valves, Custom Pipeline Work

The fresh water requirement of the proposed project is estimated as

1000 m3/day. Water will be sourced from Ground Water.

Effluent Treatment Plant

Waste water will be generated from the plant. Domestic Effluent sent to soak pit.
Industrial effluent will be taken to
The boiler blow down &

ETP plant .

DM Plant & Softener regeneration water will be treated in a

neutralization tank and after treatment it will be mixed with CT Blow down. All these treated effluent
streams will be stored in a Central Monitoring Basin (CMB).

<span

Aeidan Industries Plans To Set Up 1040 Ton/Month Chemical Unit

1 post by 1 author

Industrial Directory Of India

Jul 31

Industrial Directory of
India.Com
Released
"New Projects This Week"
RELEASED : ISSUE JULY 27/14

81

Comprising of Total
New Project Enquiries
with Company's Name/ Address/ Phone/ Fax/ Contact person/E-mail
(Published Every Week :Electronic Issue)

http://www.industrialdirectoryofindia.com/download

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT PROJECT ENQUERIES

Visit : http://industrialdirectoryofindia.com/FAQ

(Helpline : +91-900 7158

600)

Project Update

Aeidan Industries Plans To Set Up

1040 Ton/Month Chemical Unit
--------------------------------------------(Update : Ref Our Earlier Report on 17.09.2013)

Aeidan Industries

plans to set up a Synthetic Organic Chemical Production

Unit
having Capacity of

1040 Ton/Month

at Jhagadia Industrial Estate,

Jhagadia in Bharuch, Gujarat.

Capacity : 1040 Ton/Month

Following Products will be manufactured in the proposed plant :
1. Meta phenoxy benzyl
alcohol
:
120 Ton/Month
2. Para Anisic
Alcohol
:
60 Ton/Month
3. Cinnamic
alcohol
:
30 Ton/Month
4. 3 Amino 9 Ethyl Carbazole
(AEC)
solution
h

62 Ton/Mont

1. 2,4 di methyl aniline

(2,4 xylidine)
solution
1. Benzyl
acetone
th
2. 2,5 Dichloro
aniline

78 Ton/Month

30 Ton/Mon

60 Ton/Month

3. Acetanilide
Ton/Month

600

------------------------------------------------------Total :

1040 Ton/Month

[By product : 18 20% Acetic Acid Solution : 90 Ton/month]

Location : Jhagadia Industrial Estate

Jhagadia in Bharuch, Gujarat.
**************************************
As on

July 30, 2014

Total site area is

: The Project is under Planning Stage .

6200 Sq. Meter.

An area of about 2110 Sq.

be developed with green belt.

Meter, 34.03%

of the total project area will

IMPORTANT: As per the

Aeidan Industries

discussion we had on 28.07.2014 with

the Project is under Panning Stage.

The company is waiting for Environmental Clearance.

The project work is likely to start in

January,2015.

The Project is Scheduled to be Completed in 18 Months

From the date of commencement of the project work.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------So, this is the

RIGHT TIME to contact

and Follow Up at following address

Enquiry

to obtain the detailed

of each product in time and to
submit your quotation subsequently.

**************************
The Main Scope of Supply includes:

Boiler
Fuel
Stack

: 1 TPH - 1 No.
: Briquette (250 kg/hr)
: 30 Meter (Dia : 500 mm)

Thermic Fluid Heater

Capacity : 15 Lakh Kcal - 1 No.
Fuel
Stack

: Briquette (600 kg/hr)

: 30 Meter(Dia : 500 mm)

Heat Exchangers, Air Pre-heater/Economiser).

MANUFACTURING PROCESS
META PHENOXY BENZALCOHOL
To take 1000 Kg. Meta Phenoxy Benzaldehyde (MPBAD) in an

Autoclave.

Then add 5 kg. Nickel (Ni) Catalyst into it.

Then 25 m3
N2 gas is purged in autoclave and O2 is removed from autoclave.
After this, pass 250 m3
hydrogen for 10 to 12 hr.
Then to collect 5 kg Ni collect into filter after

filteration.

This spent Ni catalyst is sent back to the supplier.

Total 1000 Kg. Meta Phenoxy Benzyl alcohol (MPB Alcohol) is collected & packed in GI /
HDPE Barrels.

PARA ANISIC ALCOHOL

First o ttake 1000 Kg. Para Anisic Aldehyde in an autoclave.
Then add 3.5 kg. Nickel (Ni) Catalyst into it.
Then purge 25 m3

N2 gas into autoclave and remove O2 from autoclave.

Now pass 240m3
hydrogen for 10 to 12 hr.
The pressure is maintained at 10 to 12 kg. Now check conversion.
When conversion is completed then to Filter Para Anisic Alcohol.
At this stage, 3.5 kg Ni is collected in filter after filteration.
This spent Ni catalyst is sent back to the supplier.
Total 1000 kg. Para Anisic Alcohol collected& packed in GI/HDPE Barrels.

ACETANILIDE
Take 700 kg. Aniline in a

Reactor.

Then add 950 kg. Acetic acid & 5 kg toluene mixture slowly in a

Reactor.

Heat up to 1200 Deg C

To Collect Dilute Acetic acid.
To Remove dilute acetic acid completely and then heat up 1200 Deg C to 1400
Deg C.
Once it reaches upto 1200 Deg C to 1400 Deg C temperature then maintains it for 12 to
14 hrs.
After maintaining temperature rise the temperature upto 1400 Deg C to 1500 Deg C.
Then to add 45 kg. Acetic anhydrate in reactor carefully.
After addition rise the temperature upto 1500 Deg C to 1950 Deg C in vacuum condition.
When conversion is completed to Acetanilide, cool whole mass at room temperature.
Then to

chill the whole mass.

Then to pass from flakers and collect the flakes of Acetanilide.

Total 1000 kg. Acetanilide is collected & packed in 50 kg. PP woven/ HDPE Bags..

************************
Other Equipments:
1. For Hydrogenation Plant:

SS Reactor

: 4.0 KL

---------------------------------------------

Autoclave

: 4.0 KL

---------------------------------------------

Autoclave

: 3.0 KL

---------------------------------------------

Pressure filter (1000 mm)

Qty

: 2 Nos.

---------------------------------------------

Receiver S.S. tank :

3 KL

---------------------------------------------

Vaccum pump with S.S. Tank

Qty : 1 Nos.
---------------------------------------------

Storage Tank

: 10 kL

Qty : 4 Nos.
--------------------------------------------

Safety valve (25 kg pr.)

Qty : 2 Nos.
--------------------------------------------

Chilling plant & pump : 40 TR

Qty
: 1 No
---------------------------------------------

Rapture Disc (27 kg pressure)

Qty
: 2 Nos.
-----------------------------------------------

Flame arrester
Qty
: 1 No.
-----------------------------------------------

Cooling Tower with pump

Capacity
: 100 TR

: 1 No .

Qty

---------------------------------------------

FLP scale (300 kg max)

Qty : 1 No.
-------------------------------------------

G.C. shimadzu
Qty : 1 No.
-------------------------------------------

Skid Lifter : 8 Tons

----------------------------------------------

Drum Lifter

: 1 Ton

----------------------------------------------

Valve

---------------------------------------------

Pipe line :

---------------------------------------------

Fire hydrant

---------------------------------------------

2. For Acetanilide Plant:

Reactor with distillation condenser

Capacity : 18KL
---------------------------------------------

Acetic acid pump

Qty

: 1 No.

---------------------------------------------

Aniline pump
Qty : 1 No.
---------------------------------------------

Vaccum Pump
Qty : 2 Nos.
---------------------------------------------

Storage Tank
(50 kL, 25 kL x 2, 10 kL)
Qty : 4 Nos.

--------------------------------------------

Dilute Acetic Acid pump

Qty : 1 No.
--------------------------------------------

Acetic Anhydrid
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Home / Technical Articles / Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow (Part 1)

Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow (Part 1)

Posted Aug 23 2013 by jiguparmar in Electrical Lectures, Energy and Power with 16 Comments

Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow (Part 1)

Electrical Thumb Rules For:

Cable Capacity
Current Capacity of Equipment
Earthing Resistance
Minimum Bending Radius
Insulation Resistance
Lighting Arrestor
Transformer
Diesel Generator
Current Transformer
Quick Electrical Calculation

Cable Capacity

For Cu Wire Current Capacity (Up to 30 Sq.mm) = 6X Size of Wire in Sq.mm

Ex. For 2.5 Sq.mm = 62.5 = 15 Amp, For 1 Sq.mm = 61 = 6 Amp, For 1.5 Sq.mm = 61.5 = 9
Amp
For Cable Current Capacity = 4X Size of Cable in Sq.mm, Ex. For 2.5 Sq.mm = 42.5 = 9 Amp.
Nomenclature for cable Rating = Uo/U
where Uo = Phase-Ground Voltage, U = Phase-Phase Voltage, Um = Highest Permissible Voltage

Go to Content

Current Capacity of Equipment

1 Phase Motor draws Current = 7Amp per HP.

3 Phase Motor draws Current = 1.25Amp per HP.
Full Load Current of 3 Phase Motor = HPx1.5
Full Load Current of 1 Phase Motor = HPx6
No Load Current of 3 Phase Motor = 30% of FLC
KW Rating of Motor = HPx0.75
Full Load Current of equipment = 1.39xKVA (for 3 Phase 415Volt)
Full Load Current of equipment = 1.74xKw (for 3 Phase 415Volt)

Go to Content

Earthing Resistance

Earthing Resistance for Single Pit = 5, Earthing Grid = 0.5

As per NEC 1985 Earthing Resistance should be < 5.
Voltage between Neutral and Earth <= 2 Volt

Resistance between Neutral and Earth <= 1

Creepage Distance = 18 to 22mm/KV (Moderate Polluted Air) or
Creepage Distance = 25 to 33mm/KV (Highly Polluted Air)

Go to Content

Minimum Bending Radius

Minimum Bending Radius for LT Power Cable = 12 x Dia of Cable.

Minimum Bending Radius for HT Power Cable = 20 x Dia of Cable.
Minimum Bending Radius for Control Cable = 10 x Dia of Cable.

Go to Content

Insulation Resistance

Insulation Resistance Value for Rotating Machine = (KV+1) M.

Insulation Resistance Value for Motor (IS 732) = ((20xVoltage (L-L)) / (1000+ (2xKW)).
Insulation Resistance Value for Equipment (<1KV) = Minimum 1 M.
Insulation Resistance Value for Equipment (>1KV) = KV 1 M per 1KV.
Insulation Resistance Value for Panel = 2 x KV rating of the panel.
Min Insulation Resistance Value (Domestic) = 50 M / No of Points. (All Electrical Points with
Electrical fitting & Plugs). Should be less than 0.5 M
Min Insulation Resistance Value (Commercial) = 100 M / No of Points. (All Electrical Points
without fitting & Plugs).Should be less than 0.5 M.
Test Voltage (A.C) for Meggering = (2X Name Plate Voltage) +1000
Test Voltage (D.C) for Meggering = (2X Name Plate Voltage).
Submersible Pump Take 0.4 KWH of extra Energy at 1 meter drop of Water.

Go to Content

Lighting Arrestor
Arrestor have Two Rating:
1. MCOV=Max. Continuous Line to Ground Operating Voltage.
2. Duty Cycle Voltage. (Duty Cycle Voltage > MCOV).

Go to Content

Transformer

Current Rating of Transformer = KVA x 1.4

Short Circuit Current of T.C /Generator = Current Rating / % Impedance
No Load Current of Transformer =< 2% of Transformer Rated current
Capacitor Current (Ic) = KVAR / 1.732xVolt (Phase-Phase)
Typically the local utility provides transformers rated up to 500kVA For maximum connected
load of 99kW,
Typically the local utility provides transformers rated up to 1250kVA For maximum connected
load of 150kW.
The diversity they would apply to apartments is around 60%
Maximum HT (11kV) connected load will be around 4.5MVA per circuit.
4No. earth pits per transformer (2No. for body and 2No. for neutral earthing),
Clearances, approx.1000mm around TC allow for transformer movement for replacement.

Go to Content

Diesel Generator

Diesel Generator Set Produces = 3.87 Units (KWH) in 1 Litter of Diesel.

Requirement Area of Diesel Generator = for 25KW to 48KW = 56 Sq.meter, 100KW = 65
Sq.meter.
DG less than or equal to 1000kVA must be in a canopy.
DG greater 1000kVA can either be in a canopy or skid mounted in an acoustically treated room
DG noise levels to be less than 75dBA at 1 meter.
DG fuel storage tanks should be a maximum of 990 Litter per unit. Storage tanks above this level
will trigger more stringent explosion protection provision.

Go to Content

Current Transformer
Nomenclature of CT:

Ratio: input / output current ratio

Burden (VA): total burden including pilot wires. (2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 30VA.)
Class: Accuracy required for operation (Metering: 0.2, 0.5, 1 or 3, Protection: 5, 10, 15, 20, 30).
Accuracy Limit Factor:
Nomenclature of CT: Ratio, VA Burden, Accuracy Class, Accuracy Limit Factor.Example: 1600/5,
15VA 5P10 (Ratio: 1600/5, Burden: 15VA, Accuracy Class: 5P, ALF: 10)

As per IEEE Metering CT: 0.3B0.1 rated Metering CT is accurate to 0.3 percent if the connected
secondary burden if impedance does not exceed 0.1 ohms.
As per IEEE Relaying (Protection) CT: 2.5C100 Relaying CT is accurate within 2.5 percent if the
secondary burden is less than 1.0 ohm (100 volts/100A).

Go to Content

Quick Electrical Calculation

1HP = 0.746KW

Star Connection

1KW = 1.36HP

Line Voltage = 3 Phase Voltage

1Watt = 0.846 Kla/Hr

Line Current = Phase Current

1Watt = 3.41 BTU/Hr

Delta Connection

1KWH = 3.6 MJ

Line Voltage = Phase Voltage

1Cal = 4.186 J

Line Current = 3 Phase Current

1Tone = 3530 BTU

85 Sq.ft Floor Area = 1200 BTU
1Kcal = 4186 Joule
1KWH = 860 Kcal
1Cal = 4.183 Joule

Go to Content
Recommended EE articles

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..

Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow (Part 2)

Posted Aug 28 2013 by jiguparmar in Electrical Lectures, Energy Efficency with 5 Comments

Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow // PART 2 (on photo: Osprey Lunch Among The
Electrical Wires! by Kathleen Jackson via Flickr)

Continued from first part: Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow (Part 1)

Useful Electrical Equations

For Sinusoidal Current: Form Factor = RMS Value/Average Value = 1.11

For Sinusoidal Current: Peak Factor = Max Value/RMS Value = 1.414
Average Value of Sinusoidal Current (Iav) = 0.637 x Im (Im = Max.Value)
RMS Value of Sinusoidal Current (Irms) = 0.707 x Im (Im = Max.Value)
A.C Current = D.C Current/0.636.
Phase Difference between Phase = 360/ No of Phase (1 Phase=230/1=360, 2
Phase=360/2=180)
Short Circuit Level of Cable in KA (Isc) =
(0.094 x Cable Dia in Sq.mm) / Short Circuit Time (Sec)

Max.Cross Section Area of Earthing Strip (mm2) = (Fault Current x Fault Current x Operating
Time of Disconnected Device ) / K
K = Material Factor, K for Cu = 159, K for Al = 105, K for steel = 58 , K for GI = 80
Most Economical Voltage at given Distance = 5.5 x ((km/1.6) + (kw/100))
Cable Voltage Drop (%) =
(1.732 x current x (Rcos+jsin) x 1.732 x Length (km) x 100) / (Volt(L-L) x Cable Run.
Spacing of Conductor in Transmission Line (mm) = 500 + 18 x (P P Volt) + (2 x (Span in
Length)/50).
Protection radius of Lighnting Arrestor = h x (2D-h) + (2D+L).
Where h= height of L.A, D-distance of equipment (20, 40, 60 Meter), L=V x t (V=1m/ms,
t=Discharge Time).
Size of Lightning Arrestor = 1.5x Phase to Earth Voltage or 1.5 x (System Voltage/1.732).
Maximum Voltage of the System = 1.1xRated Voltage (Ex. 66KV = 1.1 66 = 72.6KV)
Load Factor = Average Power/Peak Power
If Load Factor is 1 or 100% = This is best situation for System and Consumer both.
If Load Factor is Low (0 or 25%) = you are paying maximum amount of KWH consumption. Load
Factor may be increased by switching or use of your Electrical Application.
Demand Factor = Maximum Demand / Total Connected Load (Demand Factor <1)
Demand factor should be applied for Group Load
Diversity Factor =
Sum of Maximum Power Demand / Maximum Demand (Demand Factor >1)
Diversity factor should be consider for individual Load
Plant Factor (Plant Capacity) = Average Load / Capacity of Plant
Fusing Factor = Minimum Fusing Current / Current Rating (Fusing Factor>1).
Voltage Variation (1 to 1.5%) = ((Average Voltage Min Voltage) x 100)/Average Voltage
Ex: 462V, 463V, 455V, Voltage Variation= ((460 455) x 100)/455 = 1.1%.
Current Variation (10%) = ((Average Current Min Current) x 100)/Average Current
Ex: 30A,35A,30A, Current Variation = ((35-31.7) x 100)/31.7 = 10.4%
Fault Level at TC Secondary
= TC (VA) x 100 / Transformer Secondary (V) x Impedance (%)
Motor Full Load Current = Kw /1.732 x KV x P.F x Efficiency

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August 19, 2013
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1/4/11

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Metering and Control diagram
Control Schematics
Introduction
Block Diagram
Typical Schematics for Motor Feeder
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Typical Schematics for Transformer Feeder
Selection and Sizing of Electrical Equipments
Emergency Generator

 Transformer
Neutral Grounding Resistor
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AC UPS
AC/DC Machines
CT/PT
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Motor Starting Study
Harmonics Study
Relay Coordination Study
Cable Selection and Sizing
Power and Control cable Introduction
Cable selection
Cable sizing for Low voltage system
Cable sizing for High voltage system
Voltage Drop Consideration

 Let through Energy consideration

Earth fault Loop Impedance consideration
Cable Schedule
Cable interconnection Schedule
Selection and Sizing of Cable Tray
Cable tray schedule
Cable Drum schedule
Conduit Selection
Conduit Sizing
Cable Routing
Cable routing Layout
Cable Tagging
Installation details
Earthing & Lightening Protection Design
Requirement of Earthing in Industrial Plants
Earthing Design calculations
Type of Earthing and Details
Earthing Installation Details
Earthing Layout Design
Lightening Protection Requirement
Lightening Protection Calculation
Lightening Installation Details
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Niel A. Farrow

2/17/03
Will be rewiring the house this week using some of the existing newer
cabling etc. Am thinking of a ring circuit for each of:
Upstairs and downstairs sockets
Kitchen/utility room
Cooker
Immersion heater
Garage
Which uses up the RCD protected MCBs, and:
Upstairs lights
Downstairs lights
Spare non-RCD protected for smoke alarms?
Does this look reasonable?
Also, what size wires for the smoke alarm circuit?
Thank you,
Neil
Show trimmed content

[email protected]

2/17/03
Niel A. Farrow <[email protected]> wrote:
> Will be rewiring the house this week using some of the existing newer
> cabling etc. Am thinking of a ring circuit for each of:
>
> Upstairs and downstairs sockets
OK
> Kitchen/utility room
OK
> Cooker
Not a ring circuit, just a radial, probably wired with 4sq mm or 6
sq mm cable. Doesn't need to be on the RCD side of the CU, in fact
it's better for it not to be as cooker elements can trip RCDs even
when not faulty.

> Immersion heater

Not a ring circuit again, a radial, wired with 2.5sq mm generally (if
it's a normal size immersion heater). Again doesn't need to be on the
RCD protected side of the CU.
> Garage
Not a ring probably, total load in the garage can be quite happily
supplied by a 2.5sq mm radial protected by a 20 amp MCB unless you're
thinking of using serious amounts of power in the garage. It may well
also make sense to run this from the non RCD side of the CU and have
an RCD in the garage so that a fault in the garage won't disconnect
the main RCD protected circuits in the house.
There are *lots* of options for the garage, look at earlier threads on
this subject.
>
> Which uses up the RCD protected MCBs, and:
>
> Upstairs lights
> Downstairs lights
> Spare non-RCD protected for smoke alarms?
OK
-Chris Green ([email protected])
Show trimmed content

Christian McArdle

2/17/03
>Will be rewiring the house this week using some of the existing newer
>cabling etc. Am thinking of a ring circuit for each of:
> (...)
> Garage
Is the garage attached or detached?
A simple ring for the garage if attached will be fine.
However, if it is detached, you should run a non-RCD circuit using armoured
cable to a separate consumer unit in the garage with a separate earth rod,
primary equipotential bonding and RCD on all circuits. This is called a TT
system.
Christian.

Show trimmed content

ben

2/17/03
On Mon, 17 Feb 2003 08:43:55 +0000 (UTC), [email protected] (Niel
A. Farrow) wrote:
> Will be rewiring the house this week using some of the existing newer
> cabling etc. Am thinking of a ring circuit for each of:
>
> Upstairs and downstairs sockets
> Kitchen/utility room
> Cooker
> Immersion heater
> Garage
Ring circuits for the non-kitchen sockets, kitchen and garage seem
like a good plan to me. Use 32A MCBs.
What type of cooker do you have? If it's a modern electric oven with a
gas hob, then it might come with a 13A plug, as mine did. In this
case, you probably could put it on a ring if you wanted.
However, if you've got an electric oven and an electric hob, you might
need to run a radial from the CU using 6mm^2 cable. Use a cooker
switch and cooker connection unit in the kitchen, and put a 40A MCB in
the CU.
I've just rewired mine, for an oven with a 13A plug. However, I chose
to run a 6mm^2 radial anyway, then put a cooker switch, then put a
double unswitched socket for the oven and gas hob ignitor. I did this
because we might rent this flat in the future, in which case I would
switch the gas hob for an electric, and so need the extra cable
capacity.
Next, I would say you probably don't need a ring circuit just for an
immersion heater: instead, you could get away with just running a
radial on 2.5mm^2 cable, and putting a 16A or 20A MCB in the CU. See:
http://www.tlc-direct.co.uk/Book/6.5.3.htm
...for more information.
> Which uses up the RCD protected MCBs, and:
>
> Upstairs lights
> Downstairs lights
> Spare non-RCD protected for smoke alarms?
>
> Does this look reasonable?

This all looks right to me. Use 6A MCBs for each of these.
> Also, what size wires for the smoke alarm circuit?
1mm^2 should be fine, since they take a nominal amount of power. In
fact, you might find it difficult to get three wires into the
interconnect terminals, if you use anything bigger (if yours are
anything like mine, then it's a stupid and fiddly job as it is).
You probably know, but you need to use three-core and earth for the
wires between detectors. Don't be tempted to use the earth wire of
twin-and-earth as an interconnect!
Good luck with it,
Ben.
Show trimmed content

Christian McArdle

2/17/03
> Are you allowed to run the armoured cable from a RCD protected circuit
> in the house to the garage? (Thereby doing away with the RCD in the
> garage)
>
> Also, am I correct in thinking that the earth rod for the garage is
> also connected to the house earth (to create equipotential between
> buildings)?
No. By running from the RCD side and connecting to the house earth, you are
asserting that the garage is part of the house's equipotential zone and not
running a TT system. This can be risky in some cases. It is better to run as
a TT system, unless the garage is close by.
With a garage TT system you definitely do NOT connect the earth rod to the
house earth. The only conductors from the armoured cable you use are the
live and neutral which go straight into the RCD housed in an insulated
casing (not metal). You then run the earthing separately from a tested earth
rod, including main bonding, such as the metal framework of the garage and
incoming services if any (i.e. water/gas pipes).
If the garage is close to the house you might be able to export the earth,
but you should check first.
Christian.

Show trimmed content

Christian McArdle

2/17/03
>Thanks very much for that reply. I had been wondering about that for
>some time.
The main purpose of main equipotential bonding is not to reduce the earth
impedence. It is to ensure that under fault conditions, the structure of the
building and any pipework do not maintain a potential difference relative to
the earthing conductors (and hence the earth) and that the pipework and
structural members are sufficiently earthed themselves to produce sufficient
fault current to trip the MCB or RCD.
Obviously, in the case of an RCD, the required fault current is a fraction
of that required to blow the main breaker (i.e. 100mA instead of in excess
of 100A for an instantaneous break). This is why the earthing conductors may
be much smaller in an RCD based installation.
>Does one need a dedicated instrument for testing the earth impedance
>or is it possible to knock one up oneself? My garage is about 15
>metres from the house but has no metal framework or pipes to help
>reduce the earth impedance.
You need a dedicated calibrated instrument called an earth loop tester. This
is able to determine lots of earth related parameters, such as earth loop
impedence and prospective fault current that are necessary to determine the
efficacy of earthing arrangements and the choice of protective devices. They
are NOT cheap. They pass a considerable current through the earthing
arrangements to make sure they really work. The tiny currents and voltages
measured by a cheap multimeter do not really give any indication about how
an earthing system will work at 230V passing many kA.
Rather than buying such an instrument, it may be cheaper to instruct an
electrician to do the final testing. In the meantime, you can do all the
polarity and continuity testing using a cheap meter to make sure you don't
waste their time for the final insulation and loop testing. You should be
aiming for an earth electrode impedence massively below the recommended 200
ohms for a TT system.
Christian.
venkatesh290487

7/13/13

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