Study Edition Practice Test

Social Psychology 11th Edition
Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

SOS questions by Melinda Blackman, Ph.D.
PRACTICE TESTS (see answer list at end of document)

Prepared by Melinda Blackman, Ph.D.
CHAPTER 1 THE FIELD OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
How we think and interact with others
Social Psychology: A Working Definition

1. Which of the following is not a core value that the field of social psychology
is committed to?
a. open-mindedness
b. objectivity
c. intuition
d. accuracy
2. Social Psychology seeks to understand _______________ in social situations.
a. individual behavior
b. individual thought
c. group behavior
d. both a and b
3. Which of the following is a factor(s) that can affect an individuals behavior in social
settings?
a. cognitive processes
b. cultural context
c. biological factors
d. all of the above are correct
4. Which of the following factors or processes would a social psychologist focus on to
examine how the hormone testosterone affects an individuals level of aggression in
social settings?
b. environmental factors
c. biological factors
d. cultural factors
Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

SOS Questions and Answers
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Social Psychology: Its Cutting Edge

5. Social psychologists currently view cognition and behavior as
a. two distinct concepts
b. two distinct, but mutually exclusive concepts
c. two intimately and continuously linked concepts
d. social psychologists still have not come to a unified view on these concepts
6. The term implicit processes is also referred to as
a. conscious processes
b. nonconscious processes
c. neural processes
d. evolutionary processes
7. A social psychologist who focuses her research on the topics of sexual orientation,
disability and age is using ________.
a. an evolutionary perspective
b. a multicultural perspective
c. a biological perspective
d. a cognitive perspective
Answering Questions about Social Behavior and Social Thought:

Research Methods in Social Psychology
8. The practice of systematic observation is a(n) _______practice of observation.
a. formal
b. informal
c. careful
d. both a and c
9. If a researcher wanted to determine how consumers felt about a particular
detergent, he would ideally use which research method?
a. systematic observation
b. the survey method
c. a correlational study
d. the experimental method
10. Which of the following statements is true about the correlational method?
a. this method determines the extent to which different variables are related to each
other
b. this method involves an independent and dependent variable
c. a cause and effect relationship can be determined from this method
d. this method is usually conducted in a laboratory/artificial setting

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11. Which of the following represents the strongest correlation?

a. .51
b. .02
c. -.91
d. .00
12. Suppose a researcher had an idea that when an individual smells a pleasant smell he
or she would be more likely to help another individual in need. This idea or premise
is also referred to as
a. a hypothesis
b. a prediction
c. intuition
d. co-innovation
13. A disadvantage to the survey method would be
a. the participants might not answer the questions in a truthful manner
b. the participants might not know the answer to the questions
c. the participants might try to answer the questions in a socially desirable manner
d. all of the above are disadvantages
14. The variable that the research systematically manipulates is referred to as
a. the dependent variable
b. the independent variable
c. the experimental variable
d. the confounding variable
15. Suppose a researcher was to experimentally test her hypothesis that individuals are
less likely to help another individual when they were in a hurry. She put half of the
participants in a non-hurry condition and the other half of the participants in a hurry
condition and then recorded how many times the participants in each condition helped
a victim in need. Which variable is considered the independent variable?
a. whether the participant was in the hurry or non-hurry condition
b. the number of times that a participant helped the victim
c. if the victim acknowledged the participants help
d. if the participant acknowledge the victims need
16. Using the information from question #8, which variable would be considered the
dependent variable?
a. whether the participant was in the hurry or non-hurry condition
b. the number of times that a participant helped the victim
c. if the victim acknowledged the participants help
d. if the participant acknowledge the victims need

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17. Which of the following elements does an experiment require to be considered

successful?
a. the lack of confounding variables
b. the presence of confounding variables
c. random assignment of participants to conditions
d. both a and c are correct
18. A method that allows the results of many different studies to be combined in order to
estimate both the direction and the magnitude of the effects of independent variables
is referred to as
a. a correlational method
b. a survey method
c. a meta-analysis
d. co-innovation
19. To answer the following question are correlations between variables real ones we
can accept with confidence as accurate a researcher would use
a. a meta-analysis
b. inferential statistics
c. internal validity
d. external validity
20. Which of the following statements is true about theories?
a. once proven, theories are considered ultimately true
b. theories are never proved in any final or ultimate sense
c. theories are derived from hypotheses
d. none of the following are true
The Quest for Knowledge and Rights of Individuals

21. Providing participants with a full description of the purposes of the study after they
participated in it is referred to as
a. debriefing
b. full disclosure
c. informed consent
d. both a and c
22. Which of the following is a true statement about the use of deception in psychological
research?
a. deception is absolutely not allowed in the field of psychological research
b. deception is acceptable if the required safeguards are put in place
c. temporary deception is often necessary in order to obtain valid research results.
d. both b and c are true

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CHAPTER 2 SOCIAL COGNITION: Thinking about the Social World

Schemas: Mental Frameworks for Organizingand UsingSocial Information
1. According to the text, social cognition involves all of the following except?
a. interpreting information
b. remembering information
c. analyzing information
d. predicting information
2. Suppose a stranger from another country were to ask you what it is like to go to a
library in the United States. You then describe to this stranger what you do when you
go to the library on a typical visit. This description that you give is based upon
a. your affect
b. your schema
c. your mental framework
d. both b and c
3. Which of the following denotes the correct order for how a schema influences our
social thought?
a. encoding of information, retrieval of information, and attention to information
b. retrieval of information, attention to information and encoding of information
c. attention to information, retrieval of information, and encoding of information
d. attention to information, encoding of information and retrieval of information
4. The tendency for beliefs and schemas to remain unchanged, even in the face of
contradictory information is referred to as
a. self-fulfilling prophecies
b. strong belief systems
c. the perseverance effect
d. the persistence tendency
5. The classic study conducted by Rosenthal and Jacobsen (1968) with regard to IQ and
late bloomers exemplified the concept of
a. self-fulfilling prophecies
b. the self-confirming schema tendency
c. the heuristic effect
d. the perseverance effect
Heuristics and Automatic Processing: How We Reduce Our Effort in Social Cognition
6. Suppose you looked in a jewelry store window and saw a bracelet that was marked to
sell at $10,000. At this point you concluded that the bracelet must be real gold and a
very good quality bracelet. Which psychological principle did you just utilize?
a. information overload
b. a heuristic
c. priming
d. anchoring

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7. A strategy for making judgments based on the extent to which current stimuli or
events resemble other stimuli or categories is referred to as
a. anchoring
b. priming
c. the representativeness heuristic
d. the matching effect
8. When a serious car accident occurs because a driver is talking on her cell phone and
driving a car, researchers attribute this accident to
a. anchoring
b. priming
d. information overload
9. After watching a scary movie many people find that they are more easily frightened
by unexpected sights and sounds. This phenomenon exemplifies the concept of
a. priming
b. anchoring
c. the representativeness heuristic
d. the adjustment principle
10. Suppose a researcher were to ask you Do you think that there are more or less than
1,000 hospitals in the state of New York? How many hospital do you estimate there
are? You then give the answer 1,100 hospitals. Which heuristic would you be
relying on to give your answer?
a. the representativeness heuristic
b. the contrast heuristic
c. the anchoring effect
d. the base-rate heuristic
11. The automatic processing of information primarily involves the use of
b. nonscious processes
c. affective processes
d. adjustment processes
12. Which of the following is not an example of an automatic process?
a. riding a bicycle after you have mastered it
b. driving a car after you have learned to drive
c. the activation of a stereotype
d. all of the above are correct examples

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13. Which specific part of the brain is involved in making automatic evaluative
judgments of good vs. bad?
a. the frontal cortex
b. the amgydala
c. the cerebellum
d. the left frontal lobe
14. Which specific region of the brain is involved in making controlled and systematic
judgments?
a. the prefrontal cortex
b. the amgydala
c. the cerebellum
d. the left frontal lobe
BEYOND THE HEADLINES: AS SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGISTS SEE ITUnsafe at
Any Size
15. The incorrect belief that many people hold that SUVs are safer than cars, despite the
contradictory statistics, can be mainly blamed on the
a. representativeness heuristic
b. availability heuristic
c. priming effect
d. anchoring effect
Potential Sources of Error in Social Cognition: Why Total Rationality Is Rarer Than
You Think
16. Suppose you enter the voting booth and all that you can remember about a particular
candidate were the television commercials that were sponsored by his opponent that
featured the candidate in a poor light-you are being influenced by the
a. contrast effect
b. negativity bias
c. planning fallacy
d. priming effect
17. The tendency to make optimistic predictions concerning how long a given task will
take for completion is termed
a. the optimistic bias
b. the planning fallacy
c. the overconfidence barrier
d. the completion fallacy

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The statement I wish I had studied harder in college because things would be different
now, reflects which of the following concepts?
a. counterfactual thinking
b. the planning fallacy
c. the negativity bias
d. automatic processing
18. The concept of thought suppression involves
b. nonconscious processes
c. automatic processes
d. both a and c
19. Suppose you were presented with a donut that was shaped like a worm with eyes on
it. You love donuts, however you refused to eat this one due to its close resemblance
to a worm. This scenario represents the concept of
a. a confounding variable
b. magical thinking
d. thought suppression
Affect and Cognition: How Feelings Shape Thought and Thought Shapes Feelings
20. The effect that what we remember while in a given mood may be determined, in part,
by what we learned when previously in that mood is referred to as
a. the mood congruence effect
b. affect-dependent memory effect
c. the mood-dependent memory effect
d. the affect congruence effect
21. Suppose you were feeling down and decided to eat some chocolate or pizza. This
conscious choice is an example of
a. how we regulate our affective states
b. the mood congruence effect
c. mood-dependent memory
d. the two-factor theory of emotion
THE SCIENCE OF SOCIAL PYSYCHOLOGY: Making Sense of Common Sense
Is being in a Good Mood Always a Plus? The Potential Downside of Feeling Up.
22. Research has revealed that being in a happy mood ______ the reliance on mental
shortcuts or heuristics
a. sharply decreases
b. slightly reduces
c. increases
d. does not effect

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CHAPTER 3 SOCIAL PERCEPTION: Perceiving and Understanding Others

Nonverbal Communication: The Language of Expressions, Gazes, and Gestures
1. All of the following are examples of nonverbal communication except:
a. eye contact
b. body language
c. facial expressions
d. all of the above are examples of nonverbal behavior
2. There are _____basic emotions that are represented in distinct facial expressions
a. four
b. five
c. six
d. seven
3. Fleeting facial expression that last only a few tenths of a second and can be a clue of
an individuals deception are termed
a. inter-channel clues
b. micro-expressions
c. facial distortion clues
d. deception expressions
4. Aspects of speech apart from the meaning of the words employed are referred to as
a. speech style
b. linguistic style
c. inter-channel style
d. attribution style
THE SCIENCE OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY: MAKING SENSE OF COMMON
SENSEDoes Womens Intuition Exist? And If So, Is It Based on the Ability to
Use and Interpret Nonverbal Cues?
5. Research has revealed that women are better than men at
a. sending and interpreting nonverbal behavior
b. sending nonverbal behavior, but not interpreting it
c. interpreting nonverbal behavior, but not sending it
d. neither sending nor interpreting nonverbal behavior
Attribution: Understanding the Causes of Others Behavior
6. The correspondent inference theory was developed by
a. Harold Kelley
b. Smith and Aktins
c. Daryl Bem
d. Jones and Davis

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7. Which of the following is not one of Kelleys three pieces of information that we use
when making an attribution?
a. effort
b. consensus
c. consistency
d. distinctiveness
8. According to Kelleys theory if John is raving about a movie that he saw, and no one
else who saw the movie particularly like it, and we know that John is always raving
about every movie that he sees, one would make a(n)_______attribution.
a. external
b. situational
c. dispositional
d. discounting
9. With the fundamental attribution error we tend to _____dispositional causes for
anothers behavior and _______situational causes.
a. overestimate, underestimate
b. underestimate, overestimate
c. overestimate, overestimate
d. underestimate, underestimate
10. Research has shown that western countries have _____ correspondence bias than
collectivistic and Asian countries.
a. more
b. less
c. are equal in their levels of correspondence bias
d. the evidence is inconclusive
11. The actor-observer effect is the tendency to attribute our own behavior to mainly
_______causes, and the behavior of others to ____causes.
a. dispositional, situational
b. situational, dispositional
c. situational, situational
d. dispositional, dispositional
12. After receiving an A on your term paper you remark, Wow, I worked hard on that
paper. However, after finding out that you received a D on your math test you
remark The test was unfair. These remarks exemplify
a. a self-fulfilling prophecy
b. the fundamental attribution error
d. a self-serving bias

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13. Research has shown that the self-serving bias is

a. stronger in western countries than collectivistic countries
b. stronger in collectivistic countries than in western countries
c. weak in both collectivistic and western countries
d. strong in both collectivistic and western countries
13. Individuals who suffer from depression use
a. the self-serving bias
b. a strategy that is the opposite of the self-serving bias
c. a self-fulfilling prophecy strategy
d. both a and c
14. Defensive attribution occurs when we notice that we are ____to someone who has
experience _____outcomes.
a. dissimilar, positive
b. similar, positive
c. similar, negative
d. dissimilar, negative
Impression Formation and Impression Management: How We Integrate Social
Information
15. Aschs research was heavily influenced by
a. gestalt psychologists
b. wholistic psychologists
c. behavioral psychologists
d. cognitive psychologists
16. The words warm and cold in Aschs work are examples of
a. peripheral traits
b. wholistic traits
c. central traits
d. implicit traits
17. With regard to implicit beliefs about birth order, participants believed that first borns
would hold ______occupations and last-borns would work ____.
a. low status, as an actor, artist or journalist
b. high status, as an actor, artist or journalist
c. neutral, at low status occupations
d. low status, high status occupations
18. The concept of impression formation is also referred to as
a. social desirability
b. self-presentation
c. self-monitoring
d. self-serving style

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19. Other-enhancement involves inducing _____moods in others.

a. positive
b. negative
c. depressive
d. none of the above
20. The phrase lick upward but kick downward refers to
a. the social desirability effect
b. the self-preservation effect
d. the slime effect
21. The concept of speed dating allows single persons to form ____impressions of many
potential romantic partners in a single evening.
a. accurate
b. fast
c. first
d. distinct

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CHAPTER 4 ATTITUDES: Evaluating the Social World

Attitude Formation: How Attitudes Develop
1. Social psychologists use the term attitude to refer to peoples evaluations of _____
a. limited aspects of the social world
b. virtually any aspect of the social world
c. political issues in the social world
d. consumer issues in the social world
2. ____attitudes are often a better guide to predicting our future actions than attitudes
that are _______.
a. Weak, strong
b. Strong, weak
c. Strong, ambivalent
d. Ambivalent, strong
Social Learning: Acquiring Attitudes from Others
3. Classical conditioning is a _____form of learning in which one stimulus, initially
neutral, acquires the capacity to evoke reactions through ______pairing with another
stimulus.
a. complex, simultaneous,
b. complex, repeated
c. basic, simultaneous
d. basic, repeated
4. Subliminal conditioning is classical conditioning that occurs in the absence of
___awareness of the stimuli involved.
a. conscious
b. nonconscious
c. repeated
d. automated
5. If you have an expectation on how your professor should act while teaching his class,
this is an example of
a. subliminal conditioning
b. an attribution
c. a social norm
d. the social learning theory
6. Being given praise by your parents after you read a book is an example of
a. classical conditioning
b. instrumental conditioning
c. social learning
d. social norms

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7. The term conditioning refers to

a. norms
b. rewards
c. punishment
d. learning
8. Suppose you see the act of smoking glorified on TV and you feel the urge to do the
same, this would be an example of
a. observational learning
b. classical conditioning
c. subliminal condition
d. social comparison theory
Attitude Functions: Why We Form Attitudes in the First Place
9. When your attitudes permit the expression of central values and beliefs and thereby
communicate who we are, this is referred to as
a. self-expression
b. identity
c. ego functioning
d. both a and b
10. By pretending or thinking that we hold the same views that our peers do, we are
engaging in
a. observational learning
b. instrumental learning
d. an ego-defensive function
Role of the Social Context in the Link between Attitudes and Behavior
11. Richard LaPieres (1934) classic study that used a young Chinese couple to stop at
restaurants and hotels that had signs that stated No to Chinese Customers, was
conducted to determine
a. if observational learning truly worked
b. if social norms do develop
c. if what people say and what they actually do are truly the same
d. if people manage their impressions accurately
When and Why Do Attitudes Influence Behavior?
12. When we collectively misunderstand what attitudes others hold, and believe
erroneously that others have different attitudes than ourselves this exemplifies the
concept of
a. social norm theory
b. attitude accessibility
c. ego-defensive function
d. pluralistic ignorance

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13. If your attitude toward a consumer product is based on personal experience toward
that product then your ______will be affected.
a. attitude accessibility
b. level of pluralistic ignorance
c. systematic processing level
d. ego-defensive functioning
How Do Attitudes Guide Behavior?
14. The theory of reasoned action begins with the notion that the decision to engage in a
particular behavior is the result of a _____process.
a. rational
b. extensive
c. emotional
d. brief
The Fine Art of Persuasion: How Attitudes Are Changed
15. Which of the following can significantly effect how persuasive a message is?
a. If the speaker talks fast
b. If the speaker is perceived as credible
c. If the speaker is perceived to be competent
d. All of the above are correct
16. Which age group is more likely to be persuaded by a message?
a. 18-25 years of age
b. 26-35 years of age
c. 36-45 years of age
d. 46-55 years of age
17. When one changes their attitude based upon systematic processing of information
presented in the persuasive message this is called the
a. heuristic processing method
b. central route to persuasion
c. peripheral route to persuasion
d. main transfer route to persuasion
18. When serious symptoms that could occur because of ones own health-related
behavior are easy to imagine, a ______framed message is most effective at inducing
change.
a. fear-inducing
b. negatively
c. positively
d. neutrally

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Resisting Persuasion Attempts

19. Suppose your parents told you that you were not allowed to ride a motorcycle.
Originally you did not have any real interest in riding one, however once your parents
made that statement, you have had the overwhelming desire to ride one. This scenario
exemplifies:
a. cognitive dissonance
b. selective avoidance
c. reactance
d. the perseverance effect
20. Forewarning has been shown to often ____resistance to the persuasion that follows.
a. weaken
b. increase
c. decrease
d. neutralize
21. The tendency to direct attention away from information that challenges existing
attitudes is referred to as
a. selective exposure
b. selective avoidance
c. avoidance reaction
d. inoculation
22. If we receive arguments against our views along with arguments that refute these
counterattitudinal positions, our resistance to subsequent persuasion attempts _____.
a. increases
b. weakens
c. decreases
d. stays about the same
Cognitive Dissonance: What It Is and How We Reduce It
23. Suppose you strongly believe that eating healthy foods is important and you are about
to eat a large order of french fries. What is most likely going to occur?
a. you will feel a strong sense of dissonance
b. you will change your behavior to match your attitude
c. you will change your attitude to match your behavior
d. all of the above can occur
BEYOND THE HEADLINES: AS SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGISTS SEE IT How TV
Affects Attitudes toward Same-Sex Marriage: The Will & Grace Effect
24. Which of the following is a way to reduce cognitive dissonance?
a. change ones behavior to match ones attitude
b. change ones attitude to match ones behavior
c. give it time and ones attitude may change on its own to match ones behavior
d. all of the above are ways to reduce dissonance

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CHAPTER 5 THE SELF: Understanding Who Am I?

Thinking about the Self: Personal versus Social Identity
1. The self can be thought of in _____distinct ways.
a. two
b. three
c. four
d. five
2. If you compare how many goals you score during a soccer game with that of your
fellow teammates, you are making
a. intergroup comparisons
b. intragroup comparisons
c. an identity comparison
d. intergroup evalatuion
3. Mendoza-Denton and colleagues (2001) found that when participants were given an
open-ended sentence such as I am a ..person, the responses were predominantly
_____. When the participants were given this same sentence and the prompt implied
what they are like in a particular social setting, the participants gave ______
responses.
a. global trait responses, situation contingent responses
b. situation contingent responses, global trait responses
c. positive responses, negative
d. negative responses, positive
4. Research has shown that men describe themselves as independent and autonomous
and are inclined to approach moral problems according to a
a. care ethic
b. justice ethic
c. interdependent perspective
d. intradependent perspective
5. Research has also shown that women are inclined to approach moral problems
according to a
a. care ethic
b. justice ethic
c. interdependent perspective
d. intradependent perspective
6. Piercings and body modifications such as tattoos are visual indicators of
a. self-esteem
b. symbolic self-awareness
c. social identity
d. general self-awareness

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7. Research suggests that when we experience a threat to the self, we are motivated to
align ourselves with ______.
a. our group
b. our parents
c. our kin
d. ourselves
8. The example of the little engine that could, who thought he could make it up the hill
illustrates the concept of
a. possible selves
b. symbolic self-awareness
c. subjective self-awareness
d. self-efficacy
Self-Esteem: Attitudes toward the Self
9. Ones overall attitude, whether it be positive or negative, about oneself is termed
a. self-esteem
b. social identity
c. social concept
d. self-efficacy
10. A common self-esteem inventory that is used to measure self-esteem is
a. the Bem inventory
b. the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
c. the Jones and Davis Self-Esteem Inventory
d. the Kelley Inventory
11. The finding that people prefer stimuli that are related to oneself is termed
a. the self-enhancing tendency
b. a self-fulfilling prophecy
c. a self-reference effect
d. a self-identity effect
12. Research has found that _____ have higher self-esteem than ____.
a. women, men
b. men, women
c. men and women have relatively equal levels
d. the results are inconclusive to date

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BEYOND THE HEADLINES: AS SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGISTS SEE ITWhen

Complaining Runs Headlong into Self-Serving Biases
13. Research reveal that ____status individual are more likely to formally file claims
about discrimination
a. high
b. high profile
c. low
d. low profile
Social Comparison: Knowing the Self
14. If one compares oneself to a peer who makes more money than she, then she is
making
a. the social identity theory work in her favor
b. the social identity theory not work in her favor
c. an upward social comparison
d. a downward social comparison
15. Research by Schmitt, Silvia, & Branscombe, (2000) has shown that participants liked
low-performing targets in the study best in a _____context, while the participants
liked high performing targets, who out performed them, best in a ______context.
a. interpersonal, intergroup
b. intergroup, interpersonal
c. intragroup, interpersonal
d. interpersonal, intragroup
16. If you were to buy a self-help book for yourself at the book store, you would probably
be reading it to engage in
a. ingratiation
b. self-monitoring
c. self-evaluation maintenance
d. introspection
SENSEIs Looking Inwardly the Best Route to Self-Insight?
17. Some believe that the route to ________lies in introspection.
a. social comparison
b. self-understanding
c. self-monitoring
d. self-maintenance

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The Self as Target of Prejudice

18. _____is a negative behavior directed toward an individual because that individual is
believed to be a member of a particular group.
a. A stereotype
b. Prejudice
c. Discrimination
d. A threat
19. ______is a negative feeling or belief about an individual because that individual is
believed to be a member of a particular group.
a. A stereotype
b. Prejudice
c. Discrimination
d. A threat
20. Ideally to maintain good well-being an individual who is discriminated against should
attribute that discrimination to a _______cause.
a. internal
b. stable
c. personal
d. external
21. The worst attribution a person can make for their well-being after being discriminated
against is a(n) _______attribution.
a. internal
b. situational
c. external
d. social
22. Peoples belief that they might be judged in light of a negative stereotype about their
group or that they may, because of their performance, in some way confirm a
negative stereotype of their groups is referred to as
a. stereotype apprehension
b. stereotype threat
c. performance anxiety
d. stereotype performance evaluation
23. A coping method to stereotype threat is to
a. distance oneself from the task or domain
b. distance oneself from the group as a whole
c. both a and b
d. there is not a known coping method

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CHAPTER 6 PREJUDICE: Its Causes, Effects, and Cures

The Nature and Origins of Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination
1. Stereotypes are ______frameworks that influence the processing of social
information.
a. behavioral
b. emotional
c. neural
d. cognitive
2. Stereotypes are
a. negative
b. positive
c. neutral
3. The stereotypes about women in general are viewed as
a. positive
b. negative
c. neutral
d. all of the above
4. ______is a barrier based on attitudinal organizational bias that prevents qualified
women from advancing to top-level positions.
a. Tokenism
b. The glass ceiling
c. The gender barrier bias
d. Benevolent sexism
5. The two forms of sexism that have been identified are
a. hostile and tokenism
b. hostile and global
c. hostile and benevolent
d. global and benevolent
6. Jackson, Esses, and Burris (2001) found in their study a variable, _____ , that is
critical for women attaining high-status positions.
a. intelligence
b. attractiveness
c. confidence
d. differential respect

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7. Response scales that are open to interpretation and lack an externally grounded referent, including scales labeled from good to bad or weak to strong are referred to as
a. objective scales
b. bias scales
c. subjective scales
d. operational scales
8. The out-group homogeneity bias is the tendency to perceive members of a(n) __group
as all like or more similar to each other than members of the ____group.
a. out, in
b. in, out
c. similar, in
d. different, in
9. TVs incorrect portrayal of all elderly people as weak and senile is an example of
a. a with-in group comparison
b. a subtype
c. an illusory correlation
d. an out-group
10. Minority groups tend to show _____effect in contexts where cohesion is needed.
a. a subtype
b. a within group comparison
c. an in-group homogeneity
d. an out-group homogeneity
SENSEShifting Standards: Does No Difference in Evaluations Indicate No
Difference in Meaning?
11. Research has found that gender stereotypes may induce us to ______rate members of
different groups by leading us to use _____standards of comparison.
a. differently, similar
b. similarly, different
c. similarly, similarly
d. equivalently, different
Prejudice and Discrimination: Feelings and Actions toward Social Groups
12. Recent research concerning the development of prejudice suggests that
______negative emotions lead directly to automatic prejudice responses.
a. all
b. only some
c. the research is inconclusive
d. no

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13. Research has revealed that implicit racial stereotypes can be primed by using
a. subliminal stimuli
b. incidental feelings
c. minimal group priming
d. majority group priming
14. It has been found that when self-esteem is threatened, people are most likely to
______groups representing the threat.
a. compliment
b. become enemies of
c. derogate
d. interact with
15. Which of the following can be considered a scarce or valued resource with regard to
the realistic conflict theory?
a. land
b. food
c. a sports competition
16. Which of the following was considered the superordinate goal in the Robbers Cave
study?
a. providing food for all
b. restoring the water supply
c. winning the competition
d. finding shelter
17. The researcher(s) who conducted the Robbers Cave study was?
a. Jones and Davis
b. Kelley
c. Bem
d. Sherif
18. Making us vs. them distinctions is referred to as
a. the social identification process
b. the ultimate attribution process
c. social categorization
d. discrimination
19. Though _____discrimination has decreased more ____forms persist.
a. inward, outward
b. blatant, outward
c. blatant, subtle
d. outward, blatant

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20. The __________________is based on the assumption that people are unaware of their
prejudices, but they can be revealed with implicit measures.
a. priming hypothesis
b. collective guilt hypothesis
c. bona fide pipeline
d. implicit priming hypothesis
BEYOND THE HEADLINES: AS SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGISTS SEE IT
Reactions to the Harmful Actions of Members of Our Own National Group
21. To alleviate the feelings of collective guilt, individuals use
a. defense mechanisms
b. projection
c. sublimation
d. denial
Why Prejudice Is Not Inevitable: Techniques for Countering Its Effects
22. Bringing together two opposing groups to work toward a superordinate goal
exemplifies
a. the common in-group identity model
b. the contact hypothesis
c. the re-categorization theory
d. the superordinate collaboration theory
23. Reductions in prejudice can also be accomplished by training individuals to _____
associations between stereotypes and specific social groups.
a. say no to
b. evaluate
c. consider
d. think about

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CHAPTER 7 INTERPERSONAL ATTRACTION: Meeting, Liking, Becoming

Acquainted
Internal Determinants of Attraction: The Need to Affiliate and the Basic Role of Affect
1. The basic motive to seek and maintain interpersonal relationships is referred to as
a. interpersonal desire
b. need for affiliation
c. affective desire
d. sexual desire
2. Your emotional state has been shown to affect
a. your thought processes
b. your perceptions
c. your motivations
3. Affect has been found to vary in
a. direction
b. strength
c. action
d. both a and b
4. _____has been often referred to as a social lubricant.
a. affect
b. laughter
c. attraction
d. humor
5. Research has indicated that the effect of mood on evaluations of political candidates
is greatest when the audience is ____
a. relatively uninformed
b. happy
c. in a neutral state
d. laughing
External Determinants of Attraction: Proximity and Observable Characteristics
6. Repeated positive exposure to an individual has been shown to increase attraction for
that individual. This is known as
a. the closeness effect
b. the mere exposure effect
c. the proximity effect
d. both b and c

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7. The researcher most closely associated with the mere exposure effect is
a. Cialdini
b. Sherif
c. Zajonc
d. Kelley
8. Males who are ____have been found to be more _______.
a. intelligent, assertive
b. attractive, reticent
c. taller, successful
d. slimmer, assertive
BEYOND THE HEADLINES: AS SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGISTS SEE ITVoting
for the Candidate Who Looks Like a President
9. A mans height is perceived as an indicator of
a. leadership
b. masculinity
c. fairness
d. both a and b
Interactive Determinants of Attraction: Similarity and Mutual Liking
10. To explain why similarity elicits positive affect, while dissimilarity elicits negative
affect, researchers use the
a. repulsion attraction hypothesis
b. proportion of similarity hypothesis
c. balance theory
d. attraction repulsion theory
11. The similarity-dissimilarity effect has been explained by the
a. balance theory
b. social comparison theory
c. an evolutionary perspective
d. all of the above
12. In a research study by Roy and Chirstenfeld (2004), students______ the pets of a
specific owner.
a. correctly identified
b. incorrectly identified
c. sometimes correctly identified
d. the research was inconclusive

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13. The researcher(s) most closely associated with the balance theory is(are)
a. Zajonc
b. Heider
c. Newcomb
d. Both b and c
14. ____________can justify negative reactions to dissimilar others.
a. Cognitions
b. Mutual evaluations
c. Affect arousal
d. Internal determinants
15. The initial contact between two people is very often based on
a. mutual interests
b. proximity
c. a chance happening
d. affect
16. The effect of attitude similarity on attraction is strong for
a. males
b. females
c. trivial topics
d. all of the above
17. According to the balance theory people organize their likes and dislikes in a
_______way.
a. linear
b. symmetrical
c. congruent
d. co-linear
18. Attractive political candidates have been found to be _______in elections.
a. more successful
b. less successful
c. attractiveness did not make a difference
d. a distraction
19. Which of the following is an external determinant of attraction?
a. proximity
b. exposure
c. attractiveness
d. all of the above

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20. Research has found that there are _____types of women who are rated most
attractive.
a. two
b. three
c. four
d. five
21. Women with _______are considered attractive according to research.
a. childlike features
b. mature features
c. feminine features
d. both a and b
22. False flattery has been found to
a. increase attraction for that individual making the remarks.
b. decrease attraction for that individual making the remarks.
c. be perceived as so.
d. increase hostile feelings toward the person making the remarks.
23. Which of the following increases attraction?
a. similarity of attitudes
b. similarity of interests
c. similarity of values
d. all of the above
24. People have been found to seek similarity with
a. friends
b. spouses
c. pets
d. all of the above
SENSEComplementarity: Do Opposites Attract?
25. Research has found that opposites _____attract.
a. with rare exceptions, dont
b. always
c. sometimes
d. the research is inconclusive

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CHAPTER 8: CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS: Family, Friends, Lovers, and Spouses

Interdependent Relationships with Family and Friends versus Loneliness
1. _________refers to an interpersonal association in which two people influence each
others lives
a. Co-habitation
b. Interdependence
c. Attachment
d. Interpersonal trust
2. The researcher who is most closely associated with attachment research is
a. Heider
b. Newcomb
c. Bowlby
d. Zajonc
3. Those individuals who have a dismissing attachment style are
a. high in self-esteem
b. low in interpersonal trust
c. fearful
d. both b and c
4. Those individuals who have a secure attachment style have
a. high self-esteem
b. trust
c. high intelligence
d. both a and b
5. Attachment styles have been found to develop in
a. the teenage years
b. the mid-life years
c. the senior years
d. infancy
6. In ________families, children are more likely to help their parents and less likely to
want to interact with others outside of the home.
a. individualistic
b. collectivistic
c. dependent
d. independent
7. Research has found that schoolyard bullies have _____relationships with their
siblings.
a. positive
b. negative
c. no
d. minimal

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8. Women indicate that they have ____close friends than/as men.

a. more
b. about the same
c. less
d. the research is inconclusive
9. Loneliness is based on _______state(s).
a. a cognitive
b. a emotional
c. a behavioral
d. both a and b
10. Loneliness is believed to be based on
a. genetics.
b. attachment style.
c. the opportunity for early social experiences with peers.
d. all of the above
11. Which of the following is an intervention to alleviate loneliness?
a. social skills training
b. cognitive therapy
c. rational therapy
d. both a and b
12. Which of the following could be a situational factor contributing to loneliness?
a. moving to a new school
b. a predisposition to a shy personality
c. a secure attachment style
d. all of the above
Romantic Relationships and Falling in Love
13. The difference between friendship and romantic relationships is
a. cultural interactions
b. physical intimacy
c. attraction
d. attachment styles
14. Which of the following can facilitate a workplace romance?
a. proximity
b. need for affiliation
c. similarity
d. all of the above

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15. Research has found that men seek _______in finding a mate.
a. youth
b. beauty
c. intelligence
d. both a and b
15. Research has found that women seek ___________in finding a mate.
a. power
b. intelligence
c. assertiveness
d. both a and b
16. Love is a combination of the following factors except?
a. emotions
b. behaviors
c. give and take
d. cognitions
17. Love felt by one person for another who does not feel love in return is referred to as
a. one dimensional love
b. single affect
c. unrequited love
d. companionate love
18. Companionate love resembles
a. passionate love
b. head over heels love
c. a close friendship
d. intense romantic attraction
SENSEWritten in the Stars or We Met on the Internet?
19. Over the past years traditional dating has
a. increased
b. declined
c. stayed about the same
d. been hotly debated
Marriage: Happily Ever Afterand Otherwise
20. Benevolent acts in a relationship that cost the one who performs those acts and
benefit the partner and the relationship itself are referred to as
a. beneficial behaviors
b. communal behaviors
c. cost efficient behaviors
d. collectivistic behaviors

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21. According to the text, today about _______percent of marriages end in divorce.
a. 45
b. 50
c. 55
d. 60
21. Research reveals that men are most threatened by a partners _______attraction to a
rival man, and women are most threatened by a partners ______attraction to a rival
female.
a. emotional, emotional
b. sexual, sexual
c. sexual, emotional
d. emotional, sexual
BEYOND THE HEADLINES: AS SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGISTS SEE ITGay
Marriage, Civil Unions, and Family Values
22. Which age group tends to be strongly in favor of gay marriages?
a. under age 30
b. 31-35
c. 35-45
d. 65 and older
CHAPTER 9 SOCIAL INFLUENCE: Changing Others Behavior
Conformity: Group Influence in Action
1. Which of the following is a form of social influence?
a. conformity
b. compliance
c. obedience
d. all of the above
2. If a stranger ask you for a quarter to make a phone call and you give him the money,
this is considered:
a. conformity
b. obedience
c. compliance
d. obligation
3. The researcher most closely associated with conformity studies and the line judgment
task was
a. Heider
b. Newcomb
c. Sherif
d. Asch

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4. Standing up when hearing our Nation Anthem played at a sporting event is an

example of
a. obedience
b. compliance
c. a social norm
d. an obligation
5. Learning that when you see litter you should put it in the trash can is an example of
a. a descriptive norm
b. an injunctive norm
c. a general norm
d. a situation specific norm
6. Hearing that most people who are not disabled dont park in marked handicapped
spaces is an example of
a. a descriptive norm
b. an injunctive norm
c. a general norm
d. a situation specific norm
7. In Aschs line judgment study ____percent went along at least once with the false
answer that the group gave.
a. 25
b. 55
c. 68
d. 76
8. Which of the following is a reason that individuals do not conform?
a. a desire for personal control
b. a desire to be liked
c. a desire for social acceptance
d. a desire to have many friends
BEYOND THE HEADLINES: AS SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGISTS SEE ITThe

Rocky Road to Social Acceptance?
9. Which phenomena can be attributed to the fact that many homeowners are paying
large sums of money to place unsightly large boulders outside of their homes?
a. informational social influence
b. injunctive norms
c. descriptive norms
d. normative social influence

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SENSEDo Women and Men Differ in the Tendency to Conform?
10. Research has found that with regard to gender difference in conformity that
a. women are much more likely to conform than men
b. men are much more likely to conform than women
c. the differences between the two genders are very small
d. the results are still inconclusive
Compliance: To AskSometimesIs to Receive
11. The researcher most closely associated with compliance tactics is
a. Asch
b. Milgram
c. Cialdini
d. Heider
12. ________is that we are more willing to comply with a request for some action if this
action is consistent with what we believe persons similar to ourselves are doing.
a. Ingratiation
b. The foot-in-the door technique
c. Social validation
d. The door-in-the-face technique
13. If you ask an individual to sign their name on a petition and then later approach them
to contribute money to that petition, you are using the
a. door-in-the-face technique
b. foot-in-door technique
c. contrast effect
d. lowball technique
14. An extreme request followed by a much smaller more reasonable request is termed
a. the door-in-the-face technique
b. foot-in-the-door technique
c. the contrast effect
d. the lowball technique
15. The lowball technique was commonly used in what industry?
a. food
b. automotive sales
c. jewelry
d. computer

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16. The fast approaching deadline technique is also referred to as the

a. lowball technique
b. door-in-the-face technique
c. scarcity principle
d. reciprocity principle
17. The foot-in-the-door technique is based on the principle of
a. reciprocity
b. consistency
c. scarcity
d. friendship
18. The door-in-the-face technique is based on the principle of
a. reciprocity
b. consistency
c. scarcity
d. friendship
Symbolic Social Influence: How We Are Influenced by Others Even When They Are
Not There
19. The research by Fitzsimmons & Bargh (2003) found that persons at an airport who
thought about a friend before being asked for help were more likely to agree than
were persons who thought about a co-worker. This study exemplified the concept of
a. the prosocial effect
b. symbolic social influence
c. the lowball technique
d. the foot-in-the-door technique
Obedience to Authority: Would you Harm an Innocent Stranger if Ordered to Do So?
20. Milgrams shock studies exemplified the concept of
a. compliance
b. conformity
c. obedience
d. social norms
21. In Milgrams study what percent of the participants went all of the way and used the
highest voltage shock level available?
a. 25
b. 35
c. 45
d. 65

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Social Influence Goes to Work: Influence Tactics in Work Settings

22. In the work setting, people in authority positions typically report using ____appeal to
influence their subordinates.
a. personal
b. legitimizing
c. inspirational
d. ingratiation
23. Subordinates are more like to use ____appeal when trying to influence their
superiors.
a. personal
b. inspirational
c. ingratiation
d. legitimizing

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CHAPTER 10 PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR: Helping Others

Responding to an Emergency: Will Bystanders Help?
1. Prosocial behavior is a __________action that benefits other people without
providing any direct benefits to the person performing the act.
a. quick
b. selfish
c. courageous
d. helpful
2. Research has found that there are ____steps to determine if you will help in an
emergency situation.
a. two
b. three
c. four
d. five
3. The first step in determining if one will help in an emergency situation is
a. noticing or failing to notice that something unusual is happening
b. correctly or incorrectly interpreting the event as an emergency
c. determining if the costs are too high to help
d. determining if you are in too much of a hurry to help
4. Darley and Batsons (1973) found that when participants were_____they were more
likely to help a victim in need.
a. in a hurry
b. not in a hurry
c. happy
d. unhappy
5. The murder of Kitty Genovese exemplified
a. the bystander effect
b. pluralistic ignorance
c. diffusion of responsibility
d. all of the above
SENSEDo More Witnesses to an Emergency Mean That More Help is Given?
6. Some people believe that a large crowd of bystanders who do not help in an
emergency situation are apathetic, but research believes that they are experiencing
a. the injunctive norm effect
b. the social norm effect
c. diffusion of responsibility
d. the implicit norm effect

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External and Internal Influences on Helping Behavior

7. Being mimicked has been found to _________ones prosocial tendencies
a. increase
b. decrease
c. not effect
d. increase sometimes and decrease other times
8. Research has found that people are more likely to help others in need when they
a. are in an extremely negative mood
b. smell a fragrant smell
c. are in a good mood
d. both b and c
9. Empathy has been found to ________ones desire to help another individual.
a. increase
b. decrease
c. not effect
d. increase sometimes and decrease other times
10. Which of the following personality characteristics of the helper can increase the
likelihood that he or she will help another person in need?
a. responsible
b. conforming
c. self-controlled
d. all of the above
11. Which of the following components make up the altruistic personality?
a. a belief in a just world
b. an external locus of control
c. high egocentrism
d. all of the above
Long-Term Commitment to Prosocial Action and the Effects of Being Helped
12. How many different functions are served by engaging in volunteer activity?
a. three
b. four
c. five
d. six
13. An older adult is probably more motivated to engage in altruistic acts due to
a. generativity
b. self-interest
c. egoism
d. moral integrity

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14. When the helper and recipient are similar, the person who is helped tends to feel
a. incompetent
b. negative
c. a sense of lower self-esteem
d. all of the above
The Basic Motivation for Engaging in Prosocial Acts
15. ______is when a large group of individuals is in need and only one individual is
helped.
a. The empathy-altruism hypothesis
b. Selective altruism
c. Distinct altruistic behavior
d. Singular altruism
16. If you are in a slightly negative mood and decide to help another individual in need
then you are engaging in the
a. negative-state relief model
b. inclusive mood model
c. genetic state mood model
d. internal locus of control model
17. In an emergency situation you find that you only have time to save one person and
you choose your sibling over a complete stranger. This phenomena is referred to as
a. familial selection
b. kin selection
c. evolutionary determinism
d. genetic fitness model
18. Research in the field of prosocial behavior is concluding that prosocial behavior can
best be conceptualized as an evolved biological predisposition that can be enhanced
or inhibited by ____factors
a. cognitive
b. situational
c. affective
d. all of the above
19. When both the victim and the helper benefit from cooperative behavior this is
referred to as
a. mutual altruism
b. beneficial altruism
c. reciprocal altruism
d. the reciprocity effect

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BEYOND THE HEADLINES: AS SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGISTS SEE ITIs

Helping as Joyful as Eating Ice Cream?
20. When helping another person in need, research has shown that _____.
a. physiological processes in the brain are activated
b. reciprocal altruism can occur
c. both a and b
d. neither a nor b

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CHAPTER 11 AGGRESSION: Its Nature, Causes, and Control

Theoretical Perspectives on Aggression: In Search of the Roots of Violence
1. Which of the following could be considered an external condition that could
contribute to frustration?
a. crowding
b. traffic
c. heat
d. all of the above
2. The frustration-aggression hypothesis is based on the
a. cognitive emotional theory
b. drive theory
c. rational emotive theory
d. behavioral tendencies theory
Causes of Human Aggression: Social, Cultural, Personal, Situational
3. Which of the following is not considered a determinant of aggression?
b. individual differences
c. learning
d. all of the above are considered determinants
4. Suppose you are unfairly cut off in traffic by another driver. Minutes later you walk
into work and yell at your fellow employees. This yelling behavior is most likely
attributed to
a. excitation transfer
b. individual differences
c. a genetic predisposition
d. a behavioral cue
5. Research has shown that participants who played violent video games predicted that
characters in ambiguous stories would behave and think_________aggressively than
did participants who played nonviolent video games.
a. less
b. more
c. slightly less
d. slightly more
6. __________is the effect in which emotional reactions to mistreatment or harm to
sexual victims is gradually reduced.
a. Blunt affect
b. Arousal dissipation
c. The desensitizing effect
d. Aggression sympathy

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7. Which of the following cultures is considered a culture of honor?

a. the Asian warrior culture
b. the American culture
c. the Canadian culture
d. the French culture
8. The code of male honor is found to be strongest in ______cultures.
a. Latin American
b. French
c. British
d. Hawaiian
9. Which of the following is not a component of the Type A personality?
a. time urgency
b. competitiveness
c. compassion
d. hostility
10. _____________aggression is aggression in which the primary goal is not harm to the
victim but attainment of some other goal.
a. Deliberate
b. Instrumental
c. Calculated
d. Hostile
11. In the face of strong provocation, men are ________.
a. more hostile than women
b. less hostile than women
c. there is no difference in aggression levels between men and women
d. slightly more hostile than women
12. Persons high in ________hold an over-inflated view of themselves and they react
with exceptionally high levels of aggression.
a. narcissism
b. self-esteem
c. self-worth
d. self-importance
13. High temperatures have been found to
a. decrease aggression levels
b. increase aggression levels
c. increase aggression levels but only up to a point
d. not effect aggression levels

Page 43 of 54
BEYOND THE HEADLINES: AS SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGISTS SEE ITChildren

as Sexual Predators: Does Violent Pornography Play a Role?
14. Research has revealed that children are exposed to scenes of aggression on television
or in films, their tendencies to engage in such behavior are ________.
a. increased
b. decreased
c. not effected
d. slightly decreased
Aggression in Long-Term Relationships: Bullying and Workplace Violence
15. Research has revealed that most occurrences of workplace violence are caused by
a. fellow employees
b. employers
c. customers
d. outsiders during robberies
16. Both the bully and the victim seem to share the trait of
a. low self-esteem
b. high narcissism
c. high self-esteem
d. a high internal locus of control
The Prevention and Control of Aggression: Some Useful Techniques
17. After much research the catharsis hypothesis appears to be
a. very accurate
b. mainly false
c. situational specific
d. effective in most situations
18. Forgiveness serves which of the following purposes?
a. reducing aggression
b. increasing our psychological well-being
c. increasing ones self-esteem
d. both a and b
THE SCIENCE OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY: MAKING SENSE OF COMMON SENSE
Catharsis: Does Getting It Out of Your System Really Help?
19. Participants after listening to violent songs reported ___________, thus ______the
catharsis hypothesis.
a. an increase in hostile feelings, discrediting
b. a decrease in hostile feelings, supporting
c. an increase in hostile feelings, supporting
d. a decrease in hostile feelings, discrediting

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CHAPTER 12 GROUP AND INDIVIDUALS: The Consequences of Belonging

Groups: Why We Joinand Why We Leave
1. Which of the following is not a basic aspect or characteristic that occurs in groups?
a. roles
b. cohesiveness
c. group self-esteem
d. norms
2. Which of the following is a contributing factor that people gain status in a group
from?
a. Ones tall height
b. Ones level of compassion
c. Ones level of warmth
d. Ones type of physique
3. By joining a group an important benefit is
a. enhanced status
b. attaining social change
c. increased self-knowledge
d. all of the above
4. Due to demands on members time, energy and resources many group members
a. find an increased liking for the group
b. surrender their memberships
c. feel ambivalent about the group
d. find a decreased liking for the group
BEYOND THE HEADLINES: AS SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGISTS SEE ITGroups
to Die for?
5. Research has revealed that the more difficult the initiation into a group, the more
______the newly initiated group member perceives the group.
a. positively
b. negatively
c. beneficial
d. the initiation process does not effect the members view of the group
6. The finding in the previous question is due to
a. escalation of commitment
b. the sunk costs of the situation
c. cognitive dissonance
d. all of the above

Page 45 of 54
Effects of the Presence of Others: From Task Performance to Behavior in Crowds

7. According to the social facilitation theory the presence of others can
a. negatively affect our performance
b. positively affect our performance
c. both a and b
d. neither a nor b
8. If one is engaged in a dominant task, the presence of others will
a. inhibit our performance
b. facilitate our performance
c. not effect our performance
d. stifle our performance
9. The social facilitation theory can be explained by
a. the cognitive drive theory
b. distraction-conflict theory
c. the behavioral rationalist theory
d. the individual differences theory
10. ____________are tasks for which the group product is the sum or combination of the
efforts of individual members.
a. Group tasks
b. Collaborative tasks
c. Additive tasks
d. Joint tasks
11. If you were asked to clap as loud as you could by yourself and then asked to clap as
loud as you could at a pep rally, which situation would a psychologist predict that you
would clap the loudest?
a. at the pep rally
b. by yourself
c. there would not be a difference
d. none of the above
12. Social loafing is the _________when individuals work collectively in a group
compared with when they work individually.
a. increase in motivation
b. reduction in motivation
c. increase in arousal
d. decrease in arousal
13. The phenomena that individuals dressed in costume on Halloween night tend to
engage in more social deviant behavior than other nights during the year can be
attributed to?
a. the arousal affect hypothesis

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b. desensitization
c. deindividuation
d. additive tasks
Coordination in Groups: Cooperation or Conflict?
14. The strong desire to give a compliment back to someone who has just given you a
compliment can be attributed to
a. the reciprocity effect
b. the good Samaritan effect
c. the affect arousal hypothesis
d. a high internal locus of control
15. Which of the following is not considered a strategy for attaining integrative
agreements?
a. logrolling
b. bridging
c. turn-piking
d. broadening the pie
16. _____is where neither party gets its initial demands, but a new option that satisfies
the major interests of both sides is developed.
a. Logrolling
b. Bridging
c. Turn-piking
d. Broadening the pie
Perceived Fairness in Groups: Its Nature and Effects
17. A study by van den Bos (2003) showed that when participants had no information on
how lottery tickets had been divided between themselves and another person, they
perceived the outcome as ______when they were in a ___________mood than when
they were in a ____mood.
a. unfair, bad, good
b. fair, good, bad
c. unfair, good, bad
d. fair, bad, good
18. Fairness can be judged in terms of all of the following except:
a. procedural justice
b. true justice
c. distributive justice
d. transactional justice

Page 47 of 54
Decision Making by Groups: How It Occurs and the Pitfalls It Faces

19. Which of the following is an effective method to reduce groupthink?
a. having a devils advocate in the group
b. group voting
c. authentic dissent
d. both a and c
20. Groupthink is more likely to occur with ______groups.
a. highly cohesive
b. loosely cohesive
c. undirected
d. directed
SENSEAre Groups Really Less Likely Than Individuals to Go over the Edge?
21. The tendency for groups to shift toward more extreme views is known as
a. the group shift tendency
b. the risk tendency
c. the extreme shift movement tendency (ESMT)
d. group polarization
22. The phenomena in the previous question can be attributed to
a. the frustration-aggression hypothesis
b. the fundamental attribution error
c. the out-group homogeneity bias
d. the social comparison theory
MODULE A: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION - Application to Law and
Health
Social Psychology and the Legal System
1. Research has found that most people prefer that police interrogators use
a(n)_______approach than a ________approach.
a. emotional, rational
b. rational, emotional
c. inquisitorial, adversarial
d. adversarial, inquisitorial
2. Through research it has been found that _______also plays a large role in extracting
information from suspects.
a. warmth
b. location
c. micro-expression
d. reinforcement

Page 48 of 54
3. Eyewitness testimonies have been found to be___________.

a. very accurate
b. not as accurate as commonly believed
c. accurate when the suspect has a high I.Q. level
d. accurate when the suspect is older than 35 years of age
4. All of the following have been found to play a role in court except:
a. the race of the defendant
b. the attractiveness of the defendant
c. the socioeconomic status of the defendant
d. the height of the defendant
Social Psychology and Personal Health
5. Stress has been found to disrupt our
a. physical functioning
b. physiological functioning
c. psychological functioning
d. all of the above
6. Chronic exposure to stress can reduce circulating levels of
a. minerals in the body
b. lymphocytes
c. calcium
d. digestive enzymes
7. Socioeconomic status has been shown to ______ health
a. be not related to
b. be correlated to
c. inhibit
d. facilitate
8. The Type A personality style has been found to be at a _____risk for _____.
a. lower, smoking behavior
b. lower, lung cancer
c. higher, heart disease
d. lower, heart disease
BEYOND THE HEADLINES: AS SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGISTS SEE ITBeing a
Happy Person Reduces the Odds of Catching a Cold?
9. Research has revealed that being ______ helps to ______.
a. happy, lessens ones chances of getting ill
b. compassionate, lessens ones chances of getting a cold
c. relaxed, lessen ones chances of getting ill
d. both a and c

Page 49 of 54
MODULE B. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY GOES TO WORK: Applying Social

Psychology to Work Settings and Entrepreneurship
1. Research has revealed that ________factors can _____affect our level of job
satisfaction.
a. evolutionary, directly
b. cognitive, indirectly
c. emotional, indirectly
d. genetic, indirectly
2. All of the following are organizational factors that effect job satisfaction except:
a. fair reward systems
b. appropriate workload
c. seniority
d. pleasant work setting
3. A _____link has been found between job satisfaction and task performance.
a. weak
b. strong
c. nonexistent
d. significant
BEYOND THE HEADLINES: AS SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGISTS SEE ITWhen
Employers No Longer Care: Effects of Low Job Satisfaction
4. Which of the following is a strategy used to generate the appearance that one is
working hard, when in reality one is not?
a. GoToMyPC.com
b. E-mail timers
c. RIM BlackBerry Handheld
d. All of the above are correct strategies
Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Prosocial Behavior at Work
5. OCB in the workplace stands for
a. organizational circuit boss
b. organizational climate behavior
c. organizational concern behavior
d. organization citizenship behavior
6. If an organization hired an employee who was high on OCB, they would find that this
employee possesses which of the following personality characteristics?
a. sportsmanship
b. assertiveness
c. competitiveness
d. dominance

Page 50 of 54
Leadership: Influence in Group Settings

7. Which of the following is not a Big Five Personality Factor?
a. Fairness
b. Agreeableness
c. Openness
d. Extraversion
8. Suppose an organization had a constant climate of unpredictability, which leadership
style would be ideal for this organization?
a. the transactional
b. the autocratic
c. the participative
d. the charismatic
9. The charismatic leadership style is most closely associated with
a. the participative style
b. the supportive style
c. the Theory X style
d. the transformational style
The Social Psychology of Entrepreneurship
10. Which personality characteristic are successful entrepreneurs most likely to possess?
a. assertiveness
b. warmth
c. compassion
d. expressiveness
11. The regulatory focus theory that entrepreneurs incorporate into their frameworks
consists of:
a. a prevention focus perspective
b. a promotion focus perspective
c. a risk aversive focus perspective
d. both a and b

Page 51 of 54
Answers to SOS questions, with corresponding page numbers

Chapter 1
1. c 7-8
2. d 6
3. d 10-12
4. c 12
5. c 15
6. b 18
7. b 19
8. d 20
9. b 23
10. a 23
11. c 23
12. a 23
13. d 21
14. b 25
15. a 25
16. b 25
17. d 26-27
18. c 29
19. b 28
20. b 30
21. a 32
22. d 32
Chapter 2
1. d 41
2. d 42
3. d 42
4. c 44
5. a 45
6. b 46
7. c 47
8. d 47
9. a 49
10. c 52
11. b 53
12. d 53
13. b 54
14. a 55
15. b 51
16. b 57
17. b 58
18. a 61
19. d 63
20. b 66
21. c 69
22. a 74
23. c 71
Chapter 3
1. d 84
2. c 85
3. b 89
4. b 90
5. a 92
6. d 93
7. a 95
8. c 96
9. a 99
10. a 101
11. b 102
12. d 103
13. a 104
14. b 105
15. c 107
16. a 108
17. c 109
18. b 111
19. b 112
20. a 115
21. d 116
22. c 118
Chapter 4
1. b 125
2. c 125
3. d 127
4. a 129
5. c 129
6. b 130
7. d 129
8. a 131
9. d 134
10. d 135
11. c 137
12. d 138

Page 52 of 54
13. a 139
14. a 141
15. d 147-148
16. a 149
17. b 148
18. c 147
19. c 152
20. b 152
21. b 153
22. a 155
23. d 155
24. d 157
Chapter 5
1. a 171
2. b 172
3. a 174
4. b 175
5. a 175
6. c 178
7. a 180
8. d 181
9. a 184
10. b 184
11. c 185
12. b 185
13. a 187
14. c 190
15. a 192
16. d 195
17. b 194
18. c 197
19. b 197
20. d 199
21. a 199
22. b 200
23. c 203
Chapter 6
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
d 213
d 213
a 214
b 214
c 217
6. d 218
7. c 221
8. a 223
9. c 222
10. c 224
11. d 221
12. b 227
13. a 229
14. c 231
15. d 232
16. b 233
17. d 233
18. c 233
19. c 237
20. c 238-239
21. a 243
22. b 244
23. a 248
Chapter 7
1. b 260
2. d 261
3. d 262
4. d 264
5. a 267
6. d 269
7. c 269
8. c 280
9. d 277
10. c 283
11. d 282
12. a 283
13. d 283
14. a 287
15. b 268
16. d 282
17. a 283
18. a 266
19. d 268-273
20. a 274
21. d 274
22. a 287
23. d 282
24. d 283
25. a 289

Page 53 of 54
Chapter 8
1. b 296
2. c 298
3. d 299
4. d 299
5. d 299
6. b 300
7. b 301
8. a 303
9. d 304
10. d 305
11. d 306
12. a 307
13. b 309
14. d 310
15. d 311
16. a 312
17. c 314
18. c 316
19. c 317
20. b 314
21. b 327
22. b 329
23. c 328
24. a 323
Chapter 9
1. d 339
2. c 339
3. d 341
4. c 340
5. b 344
6. a 345
7. d 342
8. a 350
9. d 348
10. c 353
11. c 356
12. c 356
13. b 359
14. a 359
15. b 358
16. c 360
17. b 363
18. a 360
19. b 363
20. c 366
21. d 366
22. c 370
23. c 370
Chapter 10
1. d 379
2. d 381
3. a 382
4. b 385
5. d 384-386
6. c 382
7. a 390
8. d 397
9. a 398
10. d 397
11. a 397
12. d 400
13. a 401
14. d 404
15. b 407
16. a 408
17. b 409
18. d 411
19. c 411
20. c 410
Chapter 11
1. d 421
2. b 421
3. d 423
4. a 427
5. b 429
6. c 430
7. a 432
8. a 434
9. c 435
10. b 436
11. c 438
12. a 437
13. c 439

Page 54 of 54
14. a 432
15. d 445
16. a 443
17. b 450
18. d 452
19. a 451
Chapter 12
1. c 462-464
2. a 464
3. d 466
4. b 467
5. a 469
6. d 469
7. c 472
8. b 472
9. b 473
10. c 474
11. b 475
12. b 475
13. c 475
14. a 479
15. c 484
16. b 484
17. b 488
18. b 486
19. d 494-496
20. a 491
21. d 492
22. d 492
Module A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
c 506
b 507
b 512
d 517
d 520
b 521
b 527
c 527
d 530
Module B
1. d 542
2. c 541
3. a 543
4. d 545
5. d 546
6. a 547
7. a 550
8. d 554
9. d 552
10. d 557
11. d 559

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Social Psychology 11th Edition

Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

PRACTICE TESTS (see answer list at end of document)

Social Psychology: A Working Definition

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

Social Psychology: Its Cutting Edge

Answering Questions about Social Behavior and Social Thought:

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

11. Which of the following represents the strongest correlation?

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

17. Which of the following elements does an experiment require to be considered

The Quest for Knowledge and Rights of Individuals

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

CHAPTER 2 SOCIAL COGNITION: Thinking about the Social World

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

CHAPTER 3 SOCIAL PERCEPTION: Perceiving and Understanding Others

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

13. Research has shown that the self-serving bias is

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

19. Other-enhancement involves inducing _____moods in others.

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

CHAPTER 4 ATTITUDES: Evaluating the Social World

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

7. The term conditioning refers to

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

Resisting Persuasion Attempts

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

CHAPTER 5 THE SELF: Understanding Who Am I?

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

BEYOND THE HEADLINES: AS SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGISTS SEE ITWhen

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

The Self as Target of Prejudice

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

CHAPTER 6 PREJUDICE: Its Causes, Effects, and Cures

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

CHAPTER 7 INTERPERSONAL ATTRACTION: Meeting, Liking, Becoming

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

CHAPTER 8: CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS: Family, Friends, Lovers, and Spouses

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

8. Women indicate that they have ____close friends than/as men.

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

4. Standing up when hearing our Nation Anthem played at a sporting event is an

BEYOND THE HEADLINES: AS SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGISTS SEE ITThe

Social Psychology 11th Edition/Baron, Byrne and Branscombe

THE SCIENCE OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY: MAKING SENSE OF COMMON