1

Name: Justin Campbell

Period: _______________________________
Topic: Chap1-Intro & History of Psychology
Date: 7/30/14
Questions/Main Ideas
What is and is not
psychology

Original Greek meaning

Empiricism

Confirmation bias

Pages 1-8, Notes

Summarize each term and/or idea. Highlight at least 2 key
identifiers for each.

Source
page

Psyche in the original Greek roots means mind where ology means
a field of study. Psychology therefore means the study of the mind.

Knowledge originates in experience and science should, therefore,

rely on observation and experimentation.

People pay closer attention to things that match their personal beliefs
and ignore anything that contradicts them.

Experimental/Basic Research These are the hardworking, usually

faculty members at colleges or universities who do all of the basic
research. (Smallest of the three fields).

Teachers of psychology - Psychologists whose primary job is teaching

typically in high schools, colleges, and universities.

Applied psychologists psychologists who use the knowledge

developed by experimental psychologists to solve human problems.

Psychiatry is a medical specialty which isnt apart of psychology.

Psychologists on the other hand do not have training in diagnoses and
have little to no training in medicine.

What do Psychologists do?

3 main ways of doing

psychology

Difference between
psychologist and
psychiatrist?

***Print and complete the 3

tables, Subfields of
psychologists, Basic and
Applied Research subfields
(use your textbook and
internet access to complete)

Name: Justin Campbell

Period: _______________________________
Topic: Chap1-Intro & History of Psychology
Date: 7/31/14
Questions/Main Ideas
What are Psychologys
historical roots?
Plato

Aristotle

Rene Descartes
Darwin

Pages 9-14
Describe the viewpoint or contribution of each
theorist/philosophy in relation to psychology. Highlight at least
2 key identifiers for each.
Had a quest for perfect knowledge. Explored cognition and was
the first philosopher credited with the study of gaining
knowledge.
Developed theories of sensation, perception, cognition, memory,
problem solving and ethics.
His scientific process defined his time until the advent of
empiricism.
Believed human behaviors were based on the nervous system.
His discovery helped scientists to see the biological processes
behind sensation.
Suggested a biological similarity between humans and animals.
Insight led to further discoveries in this field of study.

Source
Page
8

10
10-11

The creator of structuralism.

Focused on the most basic structures of the mind.

11

Wilhelm Wundt

12

Max Wertheimer

Studied visual illusions and ambiguous figures. Was a Gestalt

psychologist.
Insight learning, an overlooked form of learning marked by
sudden experiences.

12

Wolfgang Kohler

Leader of the behavioral movement, argued that a true and

objective science of psychology should deal solely with
observable events.
Dove into topics related to treating metal disorders. Used an
approach known as psychoanalysis.

12

John B. Watson
Sigmund Freud
Structuralism
Functionalism
Gestalt

13

A historical school of psychology devoted to uncovering the basic 11

structures that make up mind and thought. Structuralists sought
the elements of conscious experience
A historical school of psychology that believed mental processes 12
could best be understood in terms of their adaptive purpose and
function.
School of psychology that sought to understand how the brain
12
works by studying perceptual learning. Gestalt psychologists
believed that percepts consist of meaningful wholes.

Name: ________________________________
Period: _______________________________
Topic: Chap1-Intro & History of Psychology
Date: _________________________________
Pages 15-22
Questions/Main Ideas
What are the perspectives
psychologists use today?

Describe each perspective, highlight 2 key terms.

Source
Page
15

Biological view

The psychological perspective that searches for the causes of

behavior in the functioning of genes, the brain and nervous, and
the endocrine system

16

Developmental view

From this viewpoint, psychological change results from an

interaction between the heredity programmed in our genes and
the experiences presented by our environment.

16-17

Psychodynamic view

States that people are motivated primarily by the energy of

irrational desires generated in our unconscious minds. This view
is most used by practitioners who specialize in psychotherapy.
Our actions are hugely influenced by our self-concept and by our
need for personal growth and fulfillment. Humanistic therapists
use the positive side of our nature: human ability, growth, and
potential.

17

The environment is the source for our behavior rather than in our
minds. This viewpoint points toward rewards and punishments
and how they shape how we act.

17

Links social influences to different behaviors such as liking,

loving, prejudices, aggression, obedience, and conformity.
Psychologists following this view had overlooked the idea of
culture until very recently.

18

Humanistic view

Behavioral view

Sociocultural view

This view glances at behavior as both heredity and adaptive. This

links the evolutionary theories of Darwin to an individual
Evolutionary/Sociobiological behavior. Using this, scientists can connect the behavior of
view
animals over time and see how they evolve.

18

4
Name: _______________________________________________ Period: ______________________
Subfields: Complete the chart below by providing the focus of each of the subfields of psychology.\
Psychometrics

Scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits.

Developmental

Branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the
life span.
Branch of psychology that studies how psychological processes affect and can enhance
teaching and learning
Branch of psychology that studies an individuals characteristic pattern of thinking,
feeling and acting.
Branch of psychology that studies how we think about, influence, and relate to one
another.
Branch of psychology that applies psychological concepts and methods to optimizing
human behavior in workplaces
Branch of psychology that studies how people and machines interact and the design of
safe and easily used machines and environments.
Branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school,
work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being.
Branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological
disorders.
Branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who
often provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy and can prescribe
medications.

Educational
Personality
Social
Industrialorganizational
Human factors
Counseling
Clinical
Psychiatrists
Positive

Uses psychology to help people with depression, addiction etc.

Community

Study many different mental processes and behaviors.

Basic Research Subfields of Psychology-provide an example of the work these psychologists do

Cognitive
Developmental

Study of depression, anxiety and other mental illnesses. Works with patients who suffer trauma
from mental illness.
Study how we change as we grow older. Much research is focused on child development.

Educational

Visualize the activity of the brain and connect it to mental processes. Also work in the cognitive
neuroscience filed.

Experimental

Basic research om psychology. Work at colleges or universities.

Psychometric/
quantitative
Social

Treatment of mental disorders over scientific research. Medial doctors with a specialty in
psychiatry and advanced training in Freudian method.
Specialize in the factors influencing human behavior in groups. Conducting and evaluate
research to explain why people behave certain ways in a social settings.

Applied Research: Subfields of Psychology-provide an example of the work these psychologists do

Forensic
Health

Play a crucial role in the assessment of offenders and the provision of support and training for
other staff. Provide sentencing recommendations. Evaluate witness credibility.
Concentrate on the diagnosis and treatment of an illness affecting the mental and bodily
conditions of a patient. Shape a patients positive or negative wellbeing. Perform assessments
and conduct interviews as well as develop and implement specialized patient care programs.
Modify a work environment to maximize productivity and morale. Some develop programs to
train and retrain employees and others specialize in market research.

IndustrialOrganizational
(I/O)
Neuropsychology Generally are asked to appear as witnesses in court to discuss cases that involve the brain or
brain damage. Determine if someone is competent to stand trial.

Rehabilitation
School
Sport
Clinical
Community
Counseling

Assists people with disabilities. Helps people overcome emotional and mental challenges
related to those disabilities. Provide hope and a greater sense of life.
These psychologists typically work in a school district, at which they diagnose learning and
behavior problems and consult with teachers, students and parents. They often spend a lot of
time administrating, scoring, and interpreting psychological tests.
These people work with athletes to help them maximize their performance. They deal with
enhancing motivation, controlling emotions under pressure and planning practice sessions.
Works with people. These people are likely to own a private practice involving psychological
testing and long-term therapy.
Understand social issues with racism. Build relationships between individuals and community
groups. Promote participation and diversity.
Works with people however is more likely to work for an agency or school and spend fewer
sessions with each client.

Using the trait of shyness, apply the seven perspectives to explain why a person might be shy.
Perspective
Behavioral

Biological

Cognitive

Evolutionary

Humanistic

Psychodynamic

Social-Cultural

This person is shy because.