Unit 1 Kinematics Workbook: AP Physics C
Unit 1 Kinematics Workbook: AP Physics C
Unit 1 Kinematics Workbook: AP Physics C
AP Physics C
Semester 1 - Mechanics
"Study and, in general the pursuit of truth and beauty is a sphere of activity in which we
are permitted to remain children all of our lives."
Albert Einstein
Unit 1
Kinematics
Workbook
Unit 1 - Kinematics
Supplements to Text Readings from
Chapter 2 & 4
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
XVII.
XVIII.
XIX.
XX.
XXI.
XXII.
TOPIC
Pg. #
Unit 1 Kinematics Objectives and Assignments..................................... 3
1 2
at
v2 = vo 2 + 2a(d - do)
2
to solve problems involving one-dimensional motion with constant acceleration.
v = vo+ at
d = do + vot +
(3) Add vectors in order to find the net displacement of a particle that undergoes successive
straight-line displacements.
(4) Subtract displacement vectors in order to find the location of one particle relative to another, or
calculate the average velocity of one particle relative to another.
(5) Add or subtract velocity vectors in order to calculate the velocity change or average
b. Students should understand the general motion of a particle in two dimensions so that given
functions x(t) and y(t) which describes this motion, they can determine components, magnitude,
and direction of the particles velocity and acceleration as functions of time.
c. Students should understand the motion of projectiles in a uniform gravitational field so they can:
(1) Write down expressions for the horizontal and vertical components of velocity and position as
functions of time, and sketch or identify graphs of these components.
(2) Use these expressions in analyzing the motion of a projectile that is projected above level
ground with a specified initial velocity.
d. Students should understand the uniform circular motion of a particle so they can:
(1) Relate the radius of the circle and the speed or the rate of revolution of the particle to the
magnitude of the centripetal acceleration.
(2) Describe the direction of the particles velocity and acceleration at any instant during the
motion.
(3) Determine the components of the velocity and acceleration vectors at any instant, and sketch
or identify graphs of these quantities.
Mechanics Unit 1 Homework *Note additional problems will be assigned
Chapter 2
#4-9, 12, 13, 18, 19, 23-25, 27, 31, 34-42, 45-49, 52, 54, 59, 62
Chapter 4
#4, 8 ,12, 14-16, 23, 28, 33, 37, 39, 51, 64, 67
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
x (m)
When is it accelerating?
t4
decelerating?
t1
at rest?
t2
t (s)
t3
x(t)
xf
xo
t (s)
to
3. What interpretation in terms of the graph can be placed on your answer above?
tf
APPhysics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
4. In # 3, you gave the definition of average velocity between two times to and tf. What if you were
asked What is the velocity at a particular instant, say at t = 2s?. Here you are being asked for the
INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY, vinst , which is defined as follows:
lim x dx
=
vinst = t 0
dt
t
In everyday language, this says that the instantaneous velocity of an object is the value of the
average velocity (since vave = x/t) as we make the time interval t super teensy-weensy.
Notice from the graph at the right that this has
a simple graphical interpretation:
x (m)
tt
6. From Calculus, how do find the derivative of a function such as x (t) = axn ?
x = dx/dt = _________________
7. Suppose that the velocity of an object changes with time according to the equation
x = 0.25 t2 + 1,
object at any time t and use it to calculate the velocity at t = 0 and t = 6s.
so
v (t=0) = _______
v (t=6) = ____________
0.5t
6
t (s)
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
7. b) Plot the position of the object versus elapsed time between t = 0 and t = 8s.
x
c) Use your graph above and find the velocity of the object at t = 0 and t = 6 s by
approximating the slope at these times.
v (t=0) _______
v (t=6) ____________
d) How do the values of the velocity found from the slope compare to the values of the velocity
found using the equation in part a)?
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
v (m/s)
b) When is it accelerating?
t4 t5 t6
c) When is it decelerating?
t1
t2
t3
t7
t8
t9
t10
t (s)
d) When is it at rest?
v (m/s)
vf
vo
t (s)
to
3. What interpretation in terms of the graph can be placed on your answer above?
tf
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
In # 3, you gave the definition of average acceleration between two times to and tf. What if you were
asked What is the acceleration at a particular instant, say at t = 2s?. Here you are being asked for
the INSTANTANEOUS ACCELERATION, ainst , which is defined as follows:
lim v dv
=
ainst = t 0
dt
t
where the direction of ainst. is the same direction as the direction of the CHANGE in velocity, v.
Again, in everyday language, this says that the instantaneous acceleration of an object is the value
of the average acceleration (since aave = v/t) as we make the time interval t super
teensy-weensy.
4. The graphical interpretation of this definition is
similar to the previous interpretation of vinst. Notice
graphical interpretation:
v (m/s)
t
t
__________________________________.
t (s)
t
6. Suppose that the velocity of an object changes with time according to the equation
v = 0.5 (1 + t3),
a) Derive the expression for the instantaneous acceleration of the object at any time t and use it to
calculate the acceleration at t = 0 and t = 3s.
a (t=0) = _______
a (t=3) = ____________
10
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
6. b) Plot the velocity of the object versus elapsed time between t = 0 and t = 4s.
v
c) Use your graph above and find the acceleration of the object at t = 0 and t = 3 s by finding
approximating the slope at these times.
a (t=0) = _______
a (t=3) = ____________
d) How do the values of the acceleration found from the slope compare to the values of the
acceleration found using the equation in part a)?
11
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
2. y = 8t6
15. y = 1 / (6t2-2)
3. y = 1 / t3
16. y = 2 cos2 t
4. y = 2t 5t2
17. y = 6 sin(2t+3)
5. y = 4t-3+2t1/2
18. y = t+cos3 t
6. y = 3t5(t2+2)
19. y = t2 cos(3t-1)
7. y = (t2-2)2
20. y = sin t / t
8. y = (1+t)1/2
21. y = 2 ln t2
9. y = (2+3t2)1/3
22. y = t ln t3
10. y = (3t+2t2)-3
23. y = -3ln(t-1)
11. y = (t2-t-3)2
24. y = 2e-4t
12. y = t / (1-2t)
25. y = -4e2t
13. y = (2t2-1) / t2
26. y = 5et+1
27. Find the 2nd derivative of the function given in problem #4.
28. Find the 2nd derivative of the function given in problem #17.
29. Find the 3rd derivative of the function given in problem #3.
30. Find the 3rd derivative of the function given in problem #5.
12
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
f(x) =
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
f(x) =
Step 2:
f(xc) =
Step 3:
(min. at x = 2, max. at x = 3)
f(xc) =
13
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
Find the coordinates of all the maxima and minima of the following functions. State which are maxima
and which are minima.
4)2 y = t3-6t2+9t
5)3 y = 2t2-t4
6) y = t3 + 10t2 +25t 25
2
3
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
Kinematics Graphs
1
15
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
16
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
c) Find the displacement or the object between t = 2s and t = 4s; between t = 0s and t = 4s.
(144m, 160m)
d) Find the average velocity between t = 2s and t = 4s; between t = 0s and t = 4s;
between t = 1s and t = 3s.
(72m/s, 40m/s, 31m/s)
17
(28m/s, 205m/s)
(0s, 0.44s)
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
g) When does the instantaneous velocity have a maximum or a minimum value?
(0.22s)
(177m/s)
i) Find the average acceleration between t = 2s and t = 5s; between t = 1s and t = 3s.
(59m/s2, 32m/s2)
18
(0.22s)
(32m/s2, 86m/s2)
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
2. The position of a body moving along a straight line is given by
where x is in meters and t in seconds.
x = 16t - 6t2
(10m)
(0s, 2.67s)
(4m/s)
(v = 16 - 12t)
(16m/s, -8m/s)
(1.33s, 10.6m)
19
(-12m/s2)
(never)
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
i) Using the data calculated from a-h, plot a vs t, v vs t,
and
x vs t.
a (m/s2)
t (s)
v (m/s)
t (s)
x (m)
t (s)
k) During what time interval(s) is the body slowing down (i.e. decelerating)?
20
( t > 1.33s)
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
v (m/s)
v2
v1
t0
t6
t1
t2
t3
t4
t5
t7
t (s)
v3
But from the definition of vave: x = v t, if v is constant over the interval t. Therefore, we can see
that the area between the v vs. t graph and the t axis gives the displacement of the body during the
time interval t. Or in short:
Area (v vs. t) = x = x1 - xo = v1 (t1 - to)
Area (v vs. t) = the displacement between t = to and t = t1.
Referring to the graph above, answer the following questions:
1. What does the area under the graph and the t axis between t1 and t2 represent?
_____________________________________________________________________
2. What is the displacement of the object between t2 and t3?
x2-3 = ________________________________________________________
3. What is the displacement of the object between t0 and t4?
x0-4 = _________________________________________________________________
21
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
4. Suppose the graph on the previous page is described by
v(t) = kt2 + b
How would you find the displacement between t4 and t5?
Since velocity is the derivative of the position with respect to time, through calculus, we can also find
the displacement by finding a position function whose derivative fits the function for velocity. This
process is called integration (or antidifferentiation).
t2
The above is just a fancy way of calculating the AREA BETWEEN THE VELOCITY VERSUS TIME
AXIS BETWEEN TIMES t1 and t2.
So to find the displacement between t4 and t5, you must integrate the above velocity function with
limits of integration between t4 and t5.
x4-5 = v(t) dt =
____
____
__________ dt = ___________________
x4-5 = ____________________________
5. a) From the graph on the previous page, what is the displacement between t5 and t6?
b) Your answer in part a) should be negative. What physical meaning does this negative sign
mean for the object?
6. How would you find the total displacement of the object between t0 and t7?
22
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
a1
t4
t5
t (s)
t0
t1
t2
t3
t6
t7
a2
Look familiar?
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AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
3. What is the change in velocity of the object between t0 and t6?
v0-6 = _________________________________________________________________
Since acceleration is the derivative of the velocity with respect to time, through calculus, we can
also find the velocity by finding a velocity function whose derivative fits the function for
acceleration. Again, we use process of integration.
Change in Velocity from a function of acceleration is given by
v = (v2 v1) =
t2
t1
a(t)dt
where the resulting sign indicates the direction of the CHANGE in the velocity vector. The above
is just a fancy way of calculating the AREA BETWEEN THE ACCELERATION VERSUS TIME
AXIS BETWEEN TIMES t1 and t2.
5. So to find the change in velocity between t6 and t7, you must integrate the above velocity function
with limits of integration between t6 and t7.
v6-7 = a(t) dt =
____
____
__________ dt = ___________________
v6-7 = ____________________________
24
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
2.
dt
t3
3.
(2t
4.
1- 4t
5.
2e
+ 3t
) dt
dt
-4t
dt
6. sin2 t(cos t) dt
7. t sin t 2 dt
8. 8 cos 3t dt
9. t (t2 - 3)
10. 3t
-3
dt
dt
25
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
Evaluate the following definite integrals.
1
1.
2t dt
0
10
2.
(4 + 2t) dt
1
/2
3.
sin(t) dt
0
4.
[t + sin(2t)] dt
0
5.
(t + t
+ t ) dt
-1
6.
(-6e
-3t
) dt
26
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
a = 4 - t2
a) derive the expression for the velocity of the body as a function of time.
b) derive the expression for the position of the body as a function of time.
(v = -1 + 4t - t3/3)
a = 6t 3
b) Derive the expression for the velocity of the body at any time in terms of vo and t.
27
(0.5s)
(v = vo + 3t2 - 3t)
(8m/s)
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
d) When is the velocity of the body a minimum and what is its value?
(0.5s, 1.25m/s)
e) Derive the expression for the position of the body at any time in terms of xo and t.
( x = xo + 2t + t3 - 1.5 t2)
28
(97.5 m)
(18.5m)
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
3. A body is moving along a straight line according to the relation
v = t3 + 4t2 + 2
If x = 4 m when t = 2s,
a) find the position of the body at any time t.
(47.6m)
(a = 3t2 + 8t)
(51 m/s2)
29
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
4. (This ones HARD!!!) For the body in rectilinear motion whose acceleration is given by
a = 32 - 4v
derive an expression for its velocity as a function of time and its position as a function of time. All
quantities are in MKS units and the initial conditions are that x = 0 m and v = 4 m/s at t =0.
(v = 8 - 4e-4t, x = 8t + e-4t - 1)
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AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
xo = initial position at t = 0
vo = initial velocity at t = 0
t = some time later
x = position at some time t
v = velocity at some time t
a = acceleration of object = constant throughout motion
missing x or xo
missing a
missing v
missing t
missing vo
a
(m/s2)
t (s)
t
Derivation of Equation I:
Method 1) - Find the area between the acceleration vs. time graph above in terms
of the variables above.
Area = ______________________________
Solving for v: ________________________________
Eqn. I: ____________________
Method 2) - Knowing that the acceleration is constant, use the formula
v = (v - vo) =
t2
t1
a(t) dt
and perform the integration to find the change in velocity in terms of the variables
above. Your result should be the same as you found in Method 1).
Eqn. I: ____________________
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AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
Derivation for Equation II:
How does the graph on the right represent
an object moving with constant acceleration?
v (m/s)
____________________________________
____________________________________
Find the displacement of the object in terms of
variables on the previous page between
t = 0 and t = t by finding the area between
the graph and the time axis. (Think trapezoid!)
vo
t (s)
t
Area = ______________________________________
Solving for x: ________________________________________
Eqn. II: ____________________
Derivation for Equation III:
Knowing that Equation I describes how the velocity of an object moving with constant acceleration
varies with time, use the formula
x = (x2 - x1) =
t2
t1
v(t) dt
where t1 = 0 and t2 = t
and perform the integration using the variables listed on the previous page. This result gives the
displacement of an object in terms of vo, t, and a.
32
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
Equation III represents an object moving with constant acceleration. If the object starts at rest and
you were to sketch a graph of position versus time for the object, what shape would the graph look
like? _________________________
Using Equation III, sketch the graph of the position versus time for an object starting at rest and then
moving with constant acceleration.
x
Eqn. V: ____________________
33
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
34
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
b) What was Guidos acceleration? [Test taking hint: Dont use answer from previous part (if
possible) just in case its wrong.]
35
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
b) If a 1.5 m tall freshman sees the doll just as it leaves the cannon and is directly underneath
the cannon, how much time does he have to get out of the way so that the doll doesnt hit
him?
36
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
Train Collision?
Two trains heading straight for each other on the same track are 250 m apart when their engineers
see each other and hit the brakes. The Express, heading west at 96 kph, slows down, decelerating
at an average of 4 m/s2, while the eastbound Flyer, traveling at 110 kph, slows down, decelerating
at an average of 3 m/s2. Will they collide?
37
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
38
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
Using Calculus
A test vehicle on a straight track begins a run starting from rest at t=0 and x=0. It subsequently has an
acceleration versus time curve that starts with a linear increase and then levels of after 10 s at 5
m/s2.
a) Determine the equation for v(t) during the time interval 0 t 10s. Sketch v(t) for the entire
journey.
39
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
1
2
gt
no y
y(x) = yo + [tano]x -
= yo +
(constant!!!!)
at apex, v = vx
and vy = 0
voy
]x
2vo cos o
]x-[
no t
]x
vox
2vox
like y(x) = c + bx + ax2 (parabola)
2
R(vo, o) = vo sin 2o
g
voy =vosino
o
vox = vocoso
no t
x (m)
the standard
coordinate system
with g=+9.8m/s2
1
2
x(t) = vocoso t +
vx(t)
= vocoso + axt
ax t 2
(constant!!!!)
ax = 0 and xo = 0
or
vx = 0
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
Launching a Pumpkin
B
C
A
ymax
vo
O
o = 60
x
xmax
As part of Halloween festival, a large pumpkin is fired from a cannon as shown. It emerges out of the
cannon at an angle of 60o from the horizontal axis with a speed of 20 m/s. Throughout its flight,
consider the pumpkin to be in freefall.
1. At which of the points O, A, B, C, or D is the magnitude of the vertical component of the pumpkins
velocity (its vertical speed) the greatest?_____the least?_______
2. At which of the points O, A, B, C, or D is the magnitude of the horizontal component of the
pumpkins velocity (its horizontal speed) the greatest?_____the least?_______
3. At which points is the magnitude acceleration the greatest?_____the least?_______
4. What is the direction of the pumpkins acceleration at each point?__________________
5. What are vox and voy, the horizontal4 and vertical5 components of the pumpkins initial velocity?
6. How high6 does the pumpkin reach above the muzzle of the cannon?
4
5
6
vox=10m/s
voy=103m/s
ymax=15m
41
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
7. How long7 after being launched does the pumpkin reach the level of the muzzle of the cannon
again?
t=23s=3.5s
vtop=10m/s, 0o
9
vx=10m/s
10
vy=-12.7m/s
11
v=10i-12.7j m/s = 16.2 m/s, -52o
8
42
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
Steve
and substitute that x into y.]
vo
ymax
Jerry
Range R
2. Show that the time it takes for the ball to return to its launch level into Jerry Rices hand is given
by
(Hint When t = tmax, y = 0)
t = 2vosin / g
R = vo2sin2 / g.
43
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
4. Show that the maximum range of the ball, Rmax, occurs when = 45o
(Hint Using #3 and the calculus max/min technique, i.e., solve dR/d = 0 to find when R = Rmax)
5. Show that two objects thrown at any two complementary angles relative to the horizontal
(e.g., 70o and 20o or 55o and 35o or a line drive and a fly ball) will have the same range.
(Hint Let 1 result in range R1 and 2 result in range R2. Show that if 1 + 2 = 90o, then R1=R2. Recall that sin(180o-)=sin.)
44
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
3m
o = 30
1. For Tigers situation, write the following vectors in rectangular form substituting in all known
quantities.
unit
2. If Tiger is to get a hole in one, what must be its minimum initial speed12? Write its initial velocity13
in rectangular form.
If the ball is given the initial velocity found in #2, find the following:
3. How much time14 after it is struck will the ball hit the green/hole?
4. When15 will the ball reach its maximum height and what will be the maximum height16 the ball will
reach above its initial position?
12
vo=43.3 m/s
vo=(36.8i+21.3j)m/s
14
4.3s
15
2.2s
16
23.1m
13
45
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
5. What will be the balls velocity17 when it reaches its maximum height?
6. How high18 will that ball be when it is 60 meters horizontally away from Tiger?
7. How long19 after being struck will it take to travel 60 meters horizontally away from Tiger?
8. What will be the balls velocity20 when it is 60 meters horizontally away from Tiger?
9. What will be the balls velocity21 when it first strikes the green? At what angle relative to the
horizontal will it hit the green?
10. For the given initial speed, the maximum horizontal distance a projectile can reach will be when it
is launched at an angle of 45o. If Tiger smacks the ball with the initial speed found in #2 but
launched it at an angle of 45o instead of 30o, how much farther22 will it go horizontally before
hitting the ground, assuming the ground behind the green is level with the green itself.
17
v = 36.9i m/s
21.7m
19
1.6s
20
v = (36.9i +5.62j) m/s
21
v = (36.9i 20.8j) m/s, -29.5o
22
27.9 m
18
46
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
v = (2 m/s) i - (2 m/s) j
II
III IV
Draw vectors
into the
diagrams.
Vector
va = vx i - vy j
vb = - vx i + vy j
Direction
va
II
vb
va
x
vb
III IV
vc = - vx i - vy j
Clockwise
vd = vx i + vy j
y
ve = vx i
vb
II
vf = - vx i
I
x
III IV
va
vg = vy j
Counterclockwise
vh = - vy j
Note: This same concept applies to tangential acceleration vectors that are
ALWAYS tangent to velocity versus time graphs.
47
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
2. At a particular instant of time, an object has the following vectors:
Position r(t) = (-2 i + 4 j ) m
Velocity v = (2 i ) m/s
Acceleration a = (6 j ) m/s2
48
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
|a| =
2
r
at
R
ar
P
ar
at
ar
at
2
t
(a + a )
The tangential acceleration arises from the change in the speed of the particle.
at = d|v| / dt
The radial acceleration is due to the change in direction of the velocity vector.
Also called centripetal (center seeking) acceleration.
ar = v2 / r
(b) When the ball is at an angle to the vertical, it has a tangential acceleration of magnitude gsin
(produced by the tangential component of the force mg.) When the ball makes an angle of =20o,
at = g sin 20o = 3.4m/s2, find the magnitude and direction of the total acceleration.
Solution: The magnitude can be found with
|a| =
=
(______ + ________)
(numbers)
= _____________
The direction can be found with = tan-1 (____/ ____) = tan-1 (_______/ ________) = _________
(variables)
49
(numbers)
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
For the special case of Uniform Circular Motion (UCM) as shown on the
at
right, the term uniform implies that the object is moving with constant
_____________, and therefore the ________________acceleration is
zero.
ar
The period (time) of travel around the circumference exactly once is given by
Angular speed is defined as the change of angle (in radians) per unit time
or rather answers the question how fast is the object rotating?.
T = 2r / v
= / t [rads/sec]
v=r
PRACTICE PROBLEMS
1. The moons nearly circular orbit about the Earth has a radius of about 384,000 km and a period of
27.3 days. Determine the acceleration23 of the moon toward the Earth.
23
50
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
2. An object moves in a circle of radius 3 m at a constant speed,
completing 3 revolutions every minute.
At t = 0, it is at point P and is moving counter-clockwise.
3m
24
T in seconds.
P
24
20s
= /10 rad/s
26
v = 0.3 m/s
27
a = 0.032 m/s2
25
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AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
r(t) = (0.5 t3 i + t2 j ) m.
a) Draw a graph of the trajectory of the object for 0 t 3 seconds and indicate on the graph the
direction of motion of the object.
(2.5 m/s)
(6.3 m/s2)
52
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
2. Given the following x and y components of the position of an object as a function of time
x = (3 t - 4 t2)
y = (-6 t + t3)
{ v (t) = [(3-8t)
+ (-6 +3t2)
] m/s}
{ a (t) = [(-8)
+ (6t) j ] m/s2}
(28.5 m)
(6.7 m/s)
53
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
e) Find the magnitude of the objects acceleration at t = 3 s.
(19.7 m/s2)
54
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
3) Given that the coordinates of an object are (1.0 m, 2.0 m) at t = 0 and the x and y components of
its velocity at any time are given by vx = 4t3 + 4t and vy = 4t, where v is in m/s and t in seconds,
a) Show that the equation of the trajectory of the object is given by
x = y2/4.
b) Draw the position, velocity, and acceleration vectors for the object at t = 1 s.
55
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
4) Given that the position of an object at t = 0 is ro = (-3 j ) m, its velocity at t = 0 is vo = (4 i ) m/s, and
the x and y components of its acceleration as a function of time are given by
ax = -8 sin 2t and ay = 12 cos 2t, where t is in seconds.
a) Find the objects acceleration at /8 seconds.
[a/8 = (-42
+ 62 j ) m/s2]
(a/4 = 8 m/s2)
(v/4 = 6
56
m/s)
AP Physics C - Mechanics
Unit 1 KINEMATICS
e) Find the objects speed at 5/8 seconds.
(v5/8 = 26 m/s)
{r(t) = [( 2 sin2t)
- (3 cos 2t) j )] m}
(r/3 = 21 / 2 m )
(x2 / 4 + y2 / 9 = 1)
57