Park Transformation
Park Transformation
Park Transformation
I.
INTRODUCTION
ANALYTICAL APPROACH
cos (t + )
TP =
2
-sin (t + )
3
1
2
cos (t
+ ) cos (t +
+ )
3
3
2
2
+ ) -sin (t +
+ ) ,
-sin (t
3
3
(1)
where:
is the angular power frequency;
t is the time instant;
is the angle between the axis of phase a and the direct axis
component (d-axis).
vd =
2 1
{ (Vma + Vmb + Vmc ) +
3 2
1
[V cos (2t)
2 ma
(5)
(2)
where:
fdq0 = [fd fq f0]T is the vector of signals dq0;
fd, fq e f0 are the signals of direct axis, quadrature axis, and
zero, respectively;
fabc = [fa fb fc]T is the vector of signals abc;
fa, fb e fc are the signals of the phases a, b, and c, respectively.
f (t ) cos(t )},
T
(6)
2 1
{ [Vma sin (2t) +
3 2
Vmb sin (2t 4 / 3) +
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(3)
where:
fT (t) is the function that represent the electromagnetic
transient;
is the angular power frequency;
Vma, Vmb e Vmc are the maxim values of signals of the phases a,
b, and c, respectively.
In this paper the transient function is given as (4):
(t )2
2
f (t ) = FT e 2
cos ( t),
T
(4)
where:
T is the angular power frequency of transient;
is the time position of transient;
represents the temporal dispersion of the Gaussian function.
v0 =
k1 = k 2 + k3 ,
k2 =
V
V
(Vma mb mc ),
3
2
2
3
k3 =
(12)
where:
3
f (t ),
3 T
1
2
(Vmb Vmc ).
(13)
(14)
(15)
and
1
Vmb cos (t 2 / 3) +
= cos ( k 2 / k1 ).
(16)
III.
2
vd = Vx + k 4 cos (2t + ) +
f (t ) cos(t ),
3 T
(17)
where:
6
Vx =
(18)
(19)
k 4 = k5 + k 6
k5 =
V
V
(Vma mb mc )
6
2
2
6
k6 =
2
4
(20)
(21)
(Vmb Vmc ).
and
1
(22)
= cos ( k5 / k 4 ).
2
f (t ) sin (t )],
3 T
because k4 is zero;
vq = 0,
(23)
= cos ( k6 / k 4 ).
(24)
k1 cos (t ) +
f (t )
3 T
v0
vq
( t )2
2
e 2 cos( t)
(31)
because k4 is zero.
In other words, the application of Parks transformation to
a set of signals at the fundamental frequency of a balanced
system results only in a DC level in the direct axis voltage
component.
B. Balanced
Transient
System
Operating
with
Electromagnetic
(30)
6
V ,
2 m
because k1 is zero;
(26)
vd = Vx + k4 cos (2t + ) +
(t )2
2
6
F e 2
[cos(( ) t) + cos(( + ) t)]
T
T
6 T
(27)
vq = { k 4 cos (2t + ) +
because k4 is zero;
(33)
( t )2
2
6
[sin (( + ) t) + sin (( ) t)]}
F e 2
T
T
6 T
(28)
because k4 is zero.
(34)
(35)
(36)
Z1
Transmission Line
Z2
MP
(37)
Z 1: Source impedance 1;
Z 2: Source impedance 2;
Z f : Fault impedance;
V.
TABLE I.
CASE STUDY
VALUES OF CASE I
Input
IV.
A. Case I
Parks transformation was implemented as a system where
the phase voltages were the inputs and the dq0 voltages the
outputs. Each phase voltage, which was represented by (3),
was characterized by the phase amplitude. However dq0
voltages also need to be characterized by frequency and
continuous components. Table I shows the numerical results
that are according with (29), (30), and (31). In Fig. 2 the
results are presented in a friendly manner and easily identify
the transformation behavior in a balanced system.
DC level;
Zf
Output
Signal
Amplitude
[PU]
Signal
Amplitude
[PU]
Frequency
[Hz]
DC
[PU]
va
v0
vb
vd
1.225
vc
vq
B. Case II
The results were analyzed as Case I, showing in Table II
that in an unbalanced set of voltages the dq0 voltages have
oscillations and amplitudes according to (35), (36), and (37).
Fig. 3 shows the graphical results of the Parks transformation.
TABLE II.
VALUES OF CASE II
Input
Output
Signal
Amplitude
[PU]
Signal
Amplitude
[PU]
Frequency
[Hz]
DC
[PU]
va
v0
0.2
60
vb
0.8
vd
0.141
120
1.225
vc
1.2
vq
0.141
120
fT ( t ) = 0.3 e
1 t 0.0185
2 0.001
C. Case IV
Fig. 6 shows the phase voltages and dq0 signals from the
power system simulation. This is a more real case and shows
the combination of two related disturbs: a fault insertion
transient and an unbalance produced by the voltage drop in the
faulted phase.
cos ( 2 1000 t ) .
(38)
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
Figure 7. Discrete Fourier Transform of signals.
(a) DFT of v0. (b) DFT of vq.
[12]
VI.
CONCLUSIONS
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[13]
[14]