The Effects of Using Calculator To The Behavior of Students
The Effects of Using Calculator To The Behavior of Students
The Effects of Using Calculator To The Behavior of Students
CHAPTER I
Background of the study
This chapter presents the introduction, the conceptual and theoretical
framework, the statement of the problem, the hypotheses of the study, the
significance of the study, the scope and limitations, and the definition of terms to
give the general description and details of the research topic.
Introduction
The modern era provides several ways to reduce the burdens of life.
Along with the constant change, different companies started to enhance our way
of living through developing modern technologies. These technologies are used
in different ways such as entertainment, transportation and most especially for
educational purposes. One of the most promising devices developed in history is
the Calculator. According to Ball (1996) and Flamm (1996), 1960s is the start of
the Calculator revolution. On the early 1960s, the Calculators were complicated
and were only motor assisted mechanical machines with no electronic parts. As
time passed by, modern day Calculator evolved from being mechanical to the
electronic phase.
An electronic Calculator today comprises more than we expect to have
including added features and improvements in its capability. Many Calculators
today have an added feature of mini solar panels which harnesses the energy of
the sun in order to produce an efficient and sustainable energy rather than only
using batteries. Most importantly, electronic Calculators are used mainly for
easier calculations and to solve math problems without going through so much
trouble. Compared to the past generations of Calculator, different functions and
operations are built on the Calculators today that let you perform more than the
four basic operations. With these features, it is implied that the students will more
likely to get an accurate answer when they are solving a math problem. It is also
expected that a student with a Calculator in-hand will have the more confidence
in having a higher grade than the students who only use manual calculations.
. The researchers will analyze the different factors of a student which are
affected by using a Calculator and those who dont. The study will evaluate the
insights and the perception of the students if they prefer to use Calculators or
not. The researchers will examine the positive and negative effects to the
students behavior when allowed to use a Calculator.
In conclusion, the researchers aim to study effectiveness of using
Calculator to the behavior of the fourth year students in Mathematics. Moreover,
the interpreted results at the end of the study will provide recommendations to
the school in order to have a much more efficient learning. Hence, the NSDAPS
Mathematics teachers teach the concepts and the solution first to the students in
solving a math problem before allowing them to use Calculator. Lastly, the
researchers will also compare the results of the study to the conclusions of the
past researchers who conducted a similar study.
This part of the chapter presents the figures and paradigms in order to
illustrate and summarize the concepts and theories more clearly.
Conceptual Framework
Independent Variable
(Control Group)
Independent Variable
(Experimental Group)
Dependent Variable
(Effects of Study)
1.1 Attitude
1.2 Confidence
1.3 Study Habits
2. How do the Experimental Group and Control Group compare in their
pretest results?
Hypotheses
Students. The data that will be gathered in this study might help the
students to take a deeper view in improving the points that they are weak to in
solving math problems and in order to develop an effective method to get a
higher academic grade in Mathematics with or without using a Calculator.
Parents. The study informs the parents about the modern way that a Math
teacher uses in teaching lessons which is allowing students to use Calculators.
Thus, help them understand the behavior and attitude of their child towards
Mathematics.
Math teachers. The study will give suggestions and things that they should
consider in guiding and assisting the students to balance the manual
computations and the use of Calculators in order to achieve an efficient
academic performance in Mathematics. Thus, it will give improvement on their
way of teaching to explain the concepts and solutions first before allowing them
to use Calculator and.
Future Generations. The research study will not only help the fourth year
students but also the other year levels and upcoming students of NSDAPS to be
informed about the importance of the effects of Calculator to the behavior of
students.
This part of the study discusses the boundaries and the limits of the
researcher including the range of the area where the study will be utilized.
The research limits the schedule of the treatment due to the lack of time
for both the researchers and the participants of the study. The researchers were
also tested mathematically. Because of this, the research limits the researchers
in formulating different mathematical questions for their tests only after having
consulted an expert in the said field.
Limited knowledge on the subject would mean the inability to give valid
information and correct answers. Therefore, the researchers could not administer
10
11
findings on best teacher practices in mathematics education. The findings revealed that
students can learn both concepts and skills by solving math problems. Whole-class
discussion including individual and group work interactions improves student
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Chapter III
Research Methodology
This chapter presents the type of research design used, the
participants and the instruments of the study. The method used to gather the
data is also presented and lastly, the statistical treatment used in order to come
up with the result of the study.
Methods and Techniques used
This section presents the type research design and methods involved in
the study.
19
20
important dimensions and that there are no systematic differences between the
two groups because of strict random assignment. The Randomized Pretest
Posttest Control Group design has two groups; namely the Control and
Experimental Group.
Control
Group
The CG will
be
experiencing
the normal
treatment of
using manual
calculations
every session
with the
researchers.
The CG will
take the
posttest
without the
aid of
Calculators in
solving the
Math test.
Pretest
Treatment
Posttest
The EG will
answer the
Pretest
without the
aid of
calculator
and
instructed to
compute
manually.
The EG will
be allowed to
solve the
problems
with the aid
of calculator
during the
sessions.
The EG will
take the
posttest with
the aid of
calculator
and
instructed to
compute
manually
Pretest
Randomized
assignment
was used to
generate the
members of the
CG based from
their profile
variables.
Experimental
Group
Randomized
assignment
was used to
generate the
members of the
EG based from
their profile
variables.
The CG will
answer the
Pretest
without the
aid of
calculator
and
instructed to
compute
manually.
Posttest
21
equality
between
the
groups.
After
the
randomization
procedure,
the
Experimental Group and Control Group received a pretest from the researchers.
Afterwards, the researchers administered the research treatment to the
Experimental Group while the Control Group had continued to have the normal
treatment. After that, the posttest was given to the Control and Experimental
Group to determine the changes or improvement of the groups.
The first group was assigned as the Experimental Group who were
instructed to answer the posttest with the aid of scientific Calculators. On the
other hand, the Control Group was instructed to answer the test manually. The
researchers had administered an examination to both groups that will test their
Mathematics skills and knowledge. The examination is proved to be valid and
reliable. After administering the treatment to the Experimental Group, they have
taken the same test and were evaluated once more if there were any changes or
improvements. The results were a big help to the researchers in able to come up
with the conclusion and possible recommendations that will identify if the use of
Calculators affects their behavior.
Subjects of the Study
The subjects have undergone the following procedures in order to come
with the Experimental Group and Control Group:
The researchers assigned the Fourth year students as the subjects of the
study. Thus, the group will conduct the study in Nuestra Seora de Aranzazu
Parochial School year 2013-2014. Moreover, the researchers chose two sections
from the fourth year and assigned the top 20 performing students in each section
as the subjects of our experiment through randomization. The subjects were
matched according to the mean of their non-experimental factors to ensure that
the subjects will be matched equally and precisely. Our group has chosen the
fourth year students in NSDAPS given the fact that these top performing students
in fourth year are reliable because they are concentrated on making good
grades. In addition, we have a constant communication with the teachers
involved in our study especially having the same Mathematics teacher like ours.
Notably, we expect to receive reliable answers since it is believed that the top
performing students were honest.
Conduct of experiment
The experiment was done through the following measures:
The researchers have written sets of letter of permission to the different
school authorities involved in the study. This includes the composing of letter in
order to get the permission to attain the Study Habits questionnaire from the
Guidance counselor. The researchers also sent a letter to the Fourth year
Mathematics teacher in order to get the permission to attain the second quarter
grades in math of the subjects and the scope of the lessons involved in the
22
second quarter. Additionally, the Fourth year Mathematics teacher also evaluated
the pretest items whether it needs the aid of Calculator to solve that item or not.
During the administration of instruments, the researchers also presented a letter
of permission to the teacher in-charge during that time in order to conduct the
instruments to the subjects of the study. These letters of permission were signed
by our Research teacher and the researchers to be accepted by the teacher incharge.
Validation of Instruments
The researchers used the following instruments in order to measure the
variables presented in the study and verify their validation:
Attitude towards Mathematics Questionnaire (ATM). This is a
standardized questionnaire from the Mathematics and Technology Attitude Scale
(MTAS) that monitors five variables related to Mathematics and technology. The
researchers have taken mainly the questions involved in relation to the students
attitude towards Mathematics. This questionnaire aims to measure what the
students prefer and respond towards using the Calculator in Mathematics and
how do they view Mathematics as a subject.
Confidence towards Mathematics Questionnaire (CTM). This is a
standardized questionnaire from the Mathematics and Technology Attitude Scale
(MTAS) that monitors 5 variables related to Mathematics and technology. The
researchers have taken mainly the questions involved in relation to the students
23
24
25
Once
the
instruments
were
validated,
the
questionnaires
were
The test administration took place on the same place and time and the subjects
26
were also given 50 minutes to answer the test to achieve the internal validity of
our study.
where:
x= sum of all data values
n= number of data items in sample
= mean or average
Standard Deviation. This formula is used for matching the samples in the
Control
Group
and
Experimental
Group
Independent Samples t-test. This formula is used to get the value that
will determine the significance between two groups or quatities.
t X1 X 2
X1 X 2
SEdiff
where:
27
Chapter 4
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
This section deals with the presentation and analysis of the results and
the findings of the study. This chapter is subdivided into three parts; (1)
Comparison of the profile variables between the CG and EG (2) Comparison of
the pretest results between the CG and EG (3) Comparison of the posttest
results between the CG and EG (4) Encouragement of using Calculators based
on the results of the study. Each problem presents table/s needed to interpret the
Standard Deviation
Mean(x)
t-value
(x)
CONTROL GROUP
2.93
0.33
0.2097
EXPERIMENTAL
2.91
GROUP
problem.
0.27
28
The gathered information displays the result of the survey about the
Attitude of student towards Mathematics of the EG and CG. Based on the figure,
the CG got a Mean of 2.93 and a Standard Deviation of 0.33. While the EG
generated a mean of 2.91 and a Standard Deviation of 0.27. Comparing the
results of the CG and EG, the two groups nearly have the same score in the
Mean and in the Standard Deviation which means they have an almost identical
Attitude towards Mathematics. Interpreting the scores, this implies that they have
a common attitude towards Mathematics and solving math problems.
Additionally, the t-value produced a result of 0.2097 and the degrees of freedom
is 38= 2.0244. Since 2.02440>.2097, this only means that there is no significant
difference between the Attitude of the CG and EG towards Mathematics.
Table 1.2 Confidence towards Mathematics
29
t-value
(x)
CONTROL GROUP
2.62
0.43
0.1576
EXPERIMENTAL
2.64
0.37
GROUP
The collected data presents the result of the survey about the Confidence
of student towards Mathematics of the EG and CG. Based on the figure, the CG
obtained a Mean of 2.62 and having a Standard Deviation of 0.43. On the other
hand, the EG attained a mean of 2.64 and a Standard Deviation of 0.37.
Comparing the results of the CG and EG, the two groups nearly have the same
score in the Mean and in the Standard Deviation which means they have an
almost identical Confidence towards Mathematics. Since they roughly have an
identical score, this can be interpreted that the two groups have a matched level
of confidence when they are answering math problems. Thus, the t-value
produces a result of 0.1576 and the degrees of freedom is 38= 2.0244. Since
2.0244>0.1576, this only means that there is no significant difference between
the Confidence of the CG and EG towards Mathematics.
Table 1.3 Study Habits towards Mathematics
30
t-value
(x)
CONTROL GROUP
2.66
0.36
0.9938
EXPERIMENTAL
2.56
0.27
GROUP
The amassed data indicates the result of the survey about the Study
Habits of student towards Mathematics of the EG and CG. Based on the figure,
the CG produced a Mean of 2.66 and a Standard Deviation of 0.36. While the EG
resulted a mean of 2.56 and a Standard Deviation of 0.27. Comparing the results
of the CG and EG, the two groups almost got the same score in the Mean and in
the Standard Deviation which means they have a nearly identical Study Habits
towards Mathematics. Since the two groups have an almost identical score, this
means that the two groups apply a common study habit in reviewing their lessons
in Mathematics. Moreover, the t-value produces a result of 0.9938 and the
degrees of freedom is 38= 2.0244. Since 2.0244>0.9938, this only means that
there is no significant difference between the Study Habits of the CG and EG
towards Mathematics.
Problem 2. Comparison of the pretest results between the Control Group
and Experimental Group
31
t-value
(x)
CONTROL GROUP
0.36
0.10
0.9024
EXPERIMENTAL
0.39
0.11
GROUP
The chart reveals the comparison in pretest results of the CG and EG from
the Mathematics Achievement Test. Based on the figure, the CG acquired a
Mean of 0.36 and having a Standard Deviation of 0.10. On the other hand, the
EG obtained a mean of 0.39 and generated a Standard Deviation of 0.11.
Comparing the scores from the two groups, they have a very slight difference
from each other and were almost the same. Interpreting the scores, the CG and
EG performed well during the pretest of the study and therefore have shown a
consistent behavior even if they were not allowed to use Calculators.
Additionally, the t-value produces a result of 0.9024 and the degrees of freedom
is 38= 2.0244. Since 2.0244>0.9024, this only means that there is no significant
difference between the pretest scores of the CG and EG towards Mathematics.
Problem 3. Comparison of the posttest results between the Control Group
and Experimental Group
32
t-value
(x)
CONTROL GROUP
0.60
0.16
1.8962
EXPERIMENTAL
0.68
0.10
GROUP
33
Analyzing the results of the study, the mean of the profile variables is high on
their Attitude, Confidence and Study Habits towards Mathematics and the use of
Calculator in Math. Therefore, the student shows a positive attitude when dealing
with math problems with the aid of Calculators. On the other hand, the mean of
the EG in the pretest greatly increased from 0.39 to 0.68 in the posttest. Thus,
the EG showed a more positive outcome on the posttest using a Calculator;
rather than the CG who used manual computations that showed a lower result in
the posttest. This implies that using Calculator not only uplifts ones behavior but
also produce a rewarding and fruitful outcome. Moreover, the SD of the EG
decreased from 0.11 in the pretest to 0.10 in the posttest. Since, the lower the
value of the SD is far better than a large SD in a study; it is implied that when the
use of Calculator is implemented, we can assume that the scores from the EG is
34
Chapter 5
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
35
students from the Control Group and another 20 students from the Experimental
Group.
We sought to find the answers to the following questions:
1.1 Attitude
1.2 Confidence
1.3 Study Habits
2. How do the Experimental Group and Control Group compare in their
pretest results?
3. How do the Experimental Group and Control Group compare in their
posttest results?
4. Is there a significant difference in the behavior of the members of the
Control Group and Experimental Group after the treatment?
5. Based on the results of the study, will the researchers encourage the
students to use Calculators or not?
Summary of Findings
36
4. The overall results of the study showed a positive outcome not only in
the students behavior but also in the math academic grade.
Conclusions:
Based from the data gathered, the following results were achieved:
37
Recommendations:
1. The students should study the concepts and the complete solution of a
particular lesson before relying on the use of Calculators.
3. The students should limit and avoid too much dependence on using
Calculators when solving math problems; otherwise they should maintain and
never forget their knowledge about the different methods of obtaining the right
answer using manual computations.
4. The math teachers should maintain the habit of teaching the theories,
concepts and the detailed solution behind a particular lesson before allowing the
students to use a Calculator in order for them to acquire a grade worthy of what
they have strived to achieve.
38
REFERENCES
Grouws, D and Cebulla, K . (December 2000). Improving Student Achievement in
Mathematics . In ERIC: Educational Resources Information Center.
Retrieved September 17, 2013, from http://www.gpo.gov
Ellington, A. (January 2006). . In The Effects of Non-CAS Graphing Calculators
on Student Achievement and Attitude Levels in Mathematics:A MetaAnalysis. Retrieved September 17, 2013, from http://mathed.byu.edu.
39
40
Pearson.
Retrieved
September
29,
2013,
from
www.pearsonassessments.com
Barton,S. (n.d). In What Does the Research Say about Achievement of Students
Who Use Calculator Technologies and Those Who Do Not?. Retrieved
September 29, 2013, from http://archives.math.utk.edu/.
Sheets,C., Wallace,NE. (July 2007).In Calculators in the Classroom: Help or
Hindrance? . Retrieved September 29, 2013, from http://scimath.unl.edu/.
41
Journal.
Retrieved
September
29,
2013,
from https://www.stat.auckland.ac.nz/.
Hembree,R., Dessart,D. (March 1986). Effects of Hand-Held Calculators in PreCollege Mathematics Education: A Meta-Analysis. In Journal for
Research in Mathematics Education. Retrieved September 29, 2013,
from http://www.jstor.org/.
Vanderbilt University. (August 20, 2008). Calculators Okay In Math Class, If
Students Know The Facts First, Study Finds. In Science Daily. Retrieved
September 29, 2013, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/.
Campagnone,S. (n.d.). In The Effects of Graphing Calculators on Student
Performance in High School Algebra. Retrieved September 29, 2013,
from http://chiron.valdosta.edu/.
Pierce, R., Stacey, K., Barkatsas, A. (January 10, 2005). ScienceDirect. In A
scale for monitoring students attitudes to learning mathematics with
technology.
Retrieved
http://www.pgce.soton.ac.uk
November
18,
2013,
from
Appendices
An Appendix contains information that is non-essential to understanding of
the paper, but may present information that further clarifies a point without
burdening the body of the presentation.
42
43
The letters used by the researchers to inform the subjects and persons
who are involved in the study. These letters are served as the formal
authorization by an individual of agreement to participate in the proposed
research.
44
45
46
47
48
49
Yr & Section
ATM
CTM
SHQ
AVRG
IV-D
2.73
1.82
2.47
2.34
IV-D
3.36
2.91
2.13
2.80
IV-D
2.64
2.27
3.23
2.71
IV-D
2.73
2.73
2.60
2.69
IV-D
3.27
2.91
2.87
3.02
IV-D
2.64
2.18
2.17
2.33
IV-D
2.73
2.45
2.30
2.49
IV-D
3.36
3.18
2.77
3.10
IV-D
2.73
2.64
2.70
2.69
IV-D
2.55
2.55
3.20
2.77
IV-D
3.00
2.36
2.37
2.58
IV-D
2.73
2.00
2.43
2.39
IV-D
2.45
2.18
2.60
2.41
IV-D
2.73
2.64
2.67
2.68
IV-D
2.73
2.09
2.27
2.36
IV-D
3.27
2.45
2.63
2.78
IV-D
2.91
2.36
2.53
2.60
IV-D
3.18
2.72
2.67
2.86
IV-D
2.45
2.09
2.73
2.42
IV-D
3.09
3.18
2.87
3.05
Mean (x)
2.86
2.49
2.61
2.65
Standard Deviation (x )
0.30
0.38
0.30
0.33
50
51
Yr & Section
ATM
CTM
SHQ
AVRG
IV-C
2.64
2.36
1.93
2.31
IV-D
2.73
1.82
2.47
2.34
IV-D
2.73
2.00
2.43
2.39
IV-D
2.45
2.09
2.73
2.42
IV-C
2.55
2.64
2.10
2.43
IV-D
3.00
2.36
2.37
2.58
IV-C
2.64
2.82
2.37
2.61
IV-C
2.73
2.82
2.33
2.63
IV-C
2.82
2.73
2.40
2.65
10
IV-D
2.73
2.64
2.67
2.68
11
IV-D
2.73
2.64
2.70
2.69
12
IV-C
3.00
2.64
2.60
2.75
13
IV-D
3.27
2.45
2.63
2.78
14
IV-C
3.09
2.91
2.40
2.80
15
IV-D
3.18
2.72
2.67
2.86
16
IV-C
3.18
2.64
2.97
2.93
17
IV-C
3.00
3.09
2.77
2.95
18
IV-D
3.27
2.91
2.87
3.02
19
IV-D
3.36
3.18
2.77
3.10
20
IV-C
3.18
3.27
2.97
3.14
Mean (x)
2.91
2.64
2.56
2.70
Standard Deviation (x )
0.27
0.37
0.27
0.30
52
Yr &
Section
IV-D
IV-D
0.27
0.40
IV-D
0.47
0.70
IV-D
0.33
0.67
IV-D
0.27
0.70
IV-C
0.27
0.76
IV-D
0.33
0.77
IV-D
0.33
0.50
IV-C
0.23
0.67
IV-D
0.33
0.50
IV-D
0.53
0.77
IV-C
0.23
0.27
IV-C
0.50
0.77
IV-C
0.33
0.40
IV-C
0.47
0.50
IV-C
0.30
0.73
IV-C
0.30
0.50
IV-D
0.30
0.60
10
IV-D
0.57
0.83
IV-D
0.43
0.57
11
IV-D
0.43
0.63
IV-D
0.43
0.53
12
IV-C
0.27
0.53
IV-D
0.33
0.50
13
IV-D
0.43
0.83
IV-C
0.37
0.40
14
IV-C
0.33
0.63
IV-C
0.50
0.80
15
IV-D
0.33
0.63
IV-C
0.50
0.57
16
IV-C
0.23
0.77
IV-C
0.47
0.83
17
IV-C
0.37
0.63
IV-D
0.33
0.60
18
IV-D
0.50
0.67
IV-C
0.57
0.83
19
IV-D
0.27
0.77
IV-C
0.30
0.77
20
0.37
0.60
Mean (x)
0.36
0.60
IV-C
Mean (x)
0.39
0.68
Standard Deviation (x )
0.10
0.16
Standard Deviation (x )
0.11
0.10
Name
PRTR
PTR
Name
Yr & Section
PRTR
PTR
0.20
0.77
IV-C
0.50
0.60
The results of the pretest and post-test of the Control and Experimental
Group.
53
TOPIC
OBJECTIVES
Session #1
February 4
(Tuesday)
12:50-1:50
Methods
used to
solve
math
problems
Session #2
February 11
(Tuesday)
12:50-1:50
Methods
used to
solve
math
problems
Give math
problems to
the EG and
teach them
the
different
methods
and
techniques
in solving
the math
examples
manually
Giving the
same math
examples
to the CG
and make
them use
calculators
in solving
Increase
and
improve the
skills of the
EG using
manual
calculations
by giving
them sets
of math
problems.
Increase
and
improve the
skill of the
CG with
the use of
calculator
by giving
them
several
math
problems
TIME
FACILITATORS
ACTIVITY
30
minutes
30
minutes
Tyrone Christian
Tan, Kyle Llave,
Jamiel Dula &
Joana Carisse
Padua
Tyrone Christian
Tan, Kyle Llave,
Jamiel Dula &
Joana Carisse
Padua
Discussion
and
solving
math
examples
Discussion
and
solving
math
examples
REFEREN
CES
Math
books
Online
math
lessons
Math
books
Online
math
lessons
54
Activity
Expected
date
Writing letters to the Guidance counselor and the Math teacher of fourth
year
14-Oct
18-Oct
19-Nov
21-Nov
23-Nov
3-Dec
5-Dec
Tallying of Results
13-Dec
Tabulating the data gathered and getting the mean and Standard
deviation of the EG and CG
9-Jan
10
13-Jan
11
Reproduction of Pretest
14-Jan
12
21-Jan
13
23-Jan
14
Jan 24-26
15
30-Jan
16
Treatment: Session # 1
4-Feb
17
Treatment: Session # 2
11-Feb
18
17-Feb
19
18-Feb
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Information:
Name:Jamiel J. Dula
Address: Lot56 D2 Amado Compound
Guitnang Bayan Uno San Mateo, Rizal
Place of Birth: Marikina City
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Seminars/Workshop/Trainings:
Email Address:
[email protected]
Contact no.:09194046683
Educational Attainment:
Primary School:
Nuestra Senora de Aranzazu
Parochial School
S.Y: 2010
Secondary School
Nuestra Senora de Aranzazu
Parochial School
Present
55
Curriculum Vitae
Name: Kyle Mitchel Llave
Address: Blk 5 Lt 10 Phase 6 La Mar
Village San Mateo, Rizal
Place of Birth: San Mateo, Rizal
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Email Address: [email protected]
Educational Attainment:
Seminars/Workshop/Trainings:
Primary School:
56
Curriculum Vitae
Name: Joana Carisse L. Padua
Address: #53 Rafaela I compound, Ampid I, San
Mateo, Rizal
Place of Birth: San Mateo Rizal
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Seminars/Workshop/Trainings:
Email Address:
[email protected]
Contact no.: 5701059
Educational Attainment:
Primary School:
Nuestra Senora de Aranzazu
Parochial School
S.Y: 20010
Secondary School:
Scouts
Legion of Mary
Red Cross Youth
57
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Information:
Name: Tyrone Christian R. Tan
Address: #416 Bankers Village, Avenue Street,
Guitnangbayan I, San Mateo, Rizal
Place of Birth: San Juan City
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Email Address: [email protected]
Contact no.: 9422715
Educational Attainment:
Seminars/Workshop/Trainings:
Primary School:
Nuestra Senora de Aranzazu
Parochial School
S.Y: 2010
Secondary School:
Nuestra Senora de Aranzazu
Parochial School
Present
58