Environmental Standards

Control of Emissions to Air

From Stationary Sources

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia National Environmental Standard

Control of Emissions to Air from Stationary Sources

cranes or other machines using any combustible

material for their operation;

Article I Preliminary

1)

KSA Refers to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;

Definitions
airsheds shall refer to a geographic area that, due
to topography, meteorology, and climate, shares the
same air;
best available techniques (BAT) refers to the
most effective and advanced stage in the
development of activities and their methods of
operation which indicate the practical suitability of
particular techniques for providing on principle the
basis for emission limit values designed to prevent
and, where that is not practicable, generally to
reduce emissions and the impact on the environment
as a whole.
combustion plant means any technical apparatus
in which fuels are oxidised in order to use the heat
thus generated.
Competent Agency Refers to the Presidency of
Meteorology and Environment or officially designated
authority as detailed in Part x, Section x;
control equipment means any device that
controls, limits, measures, records or indicates air
pollution;
degraded airshed shall refer to airshed within
which the ambient air quality standards have been
infringed (as set out within the Ambient Air Quality
Standards).
designated body An individual or organisation that
has been officially recognised in writing by PME as
acting in their authority;
dispersion zones shall refer to the area
immediately adjacent to a permitted source of air
pollution where the prescribed limit values within the
Ambient Air Quality Standards may be exceeded and
such an area is determined pursuant to Article IV (2);

level' shall mean the concentration of a pollutant in

ambient air or the deposition thereof on surfaces in a
given time;
limit value' shall mean a level fixed on the basis of
scientific knowledge, with the aim of avoiding,
preventing or reducing harmful effects on human
health and/or the environment as a whole, to be
attained within a given period and not to be
exceeded once attained;
natural events' shall mean volcanic eruptions,
seismic activities, geothermal activities, wild-land
fires, high-wind events or the atmospheric resuspension or transport of natural particles from dry
regions;
3

normal cubic metre (Nm ) means that volume of

dry gas which occupies a cubic metre at a
temperature of zero degrees Celsius and at an
absolute pressure equivalent to one atmosphere;
mass flow shall refer to the mass of a substance
being emitted in a set time period. Mass flows within
this standard are defined in terms of grams per hour.
operators the owner or operator of a business or
industrial enterprise;
ozone depleting substances For the purposes of
this article ozone depleting substances will refer to all
chloroflouro compounds of the haloalkanes including
CFCs, HCFCs and HFC.
PM2.5' is particulate matter with an aerodynamic
diameter of up to 2.5 m, referred to as the fine
particle fraction;
PM10' is particulate matter with an aerodynamic
diameter of up to 10 m, the fine and coarse particle
fractions combined;

fugitive emission shall refer to a gas, liquid, solid,

vapour, fume, mist, fog, or dust containing a
controlled product that escapes from process
equipment, emission control equipment, a product or
a device in any facility;

PME Refers to the Presidency of Meteorology and

Environment who are designated as the responsible
authority for the protection of the environment and
the development of environmental protection
standards in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;

GER Refers
regulation;

pollutant' shall mean any substance introduced

directly or indirectly by man into the ambient air and
likely to have harmful effects on human health and/or
the environment as a whole;

to

the

General

Environmental

industrial plant means any plant used for the

generation of power, or for any industrial use, or for
the operation of vessels, dredges, locomotives,

regulator shall refer to the Competent Agency or

designated body;

4)
stationary source shall refer to a type of air
pollution source that releases emissions from a
specific location and is permanent or semipermanent structures at that location. Examples are
smokestacks, vents, power plants, mines and
buildings;
vapour recovery systems refers to active or
passive systems that recovers vapours of VOCs
from vapour producing processes or machinery such
as petrol filling pumps.

a) These standards apply to any facility, site, or

premises whose activities give rise to air emissions
from a stationary source.
b) The scope of this standard does not include
emissions from residential properties, natural events
or mobile pollutant sources.

5)

volatile organic compounds are a group carbon

based compounds that have high enough vapour
pressures under normal conditions to significantly
vaporize and enter the atmosphere.

2)

Citation

Table 1 Exempt activities

Activity
Permitted variations subject
to Article IV (4).
Fire fighting exercises

Timescales for implementation

a) The effective date of this standard is 01/05/1433H
corresponds to 24/03/2012G.

Exemptions
a) Exemptions may apply in circumstances where the
enforcement of this standard impractical and/or
inappropriate. Exemption in specified areas may be
made for, but not restricted to, the activities specified
in table 1. The Competent Agency will determine
where these exemptions apply and which activities
beyond this list are included.

This document should be cited as the Standards for

the Control of Emissions to Air from Stationary
Sources. This standard revises the current General
Standards for the Environment (specifically
document number 1409-01) issued by the
Presidency of Meteorology and Environment (PME).

3)
.

Scope

6)

Exemption
applies
Subject to permit
conditions
At all times

Powers of authority
a) Within the scope of these standards the
Competent Agency may:

3)

Purpose
a) The objective of this standard is to set out point
source air quality Standards for the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia for sustainable management of air
quality within the Kingdom.
b) This standard introduces emission limits for
individual facilities, and assists in the protection of
the Kingdoms public health, occupational health and
natural ecosystems, including cropland, forest,
desert and wetlands whilst allowing economic and
social development.
c) This standard shall obligate operators to apply
effective process controls or best available pollution
abatement techniques to meet emission limit criteria.
d) This standard will establish individual facility
monitoring programmes that provide information to
both operator and regulator and facilitate more
effective pollution control activities.
e) The Competent Agency shall liaise with relevant
bodies responsible for the protection of nationally
and internationally designated sites and species to
ensure that point source emission standards are
appropriate to maintain and improve air quality.

i)

enforce the limit values detailed in

Appendix A for air contaminant emissions
from stationary sources;

ii)

prescribe specific requirements as to

other characteristics of point source
emissions;

iii)

authorise such relaxations of and

departures from this standard, to make
any such authorisations subject to the
prescribed conditions, and to modify or
revoke any such authorisation; and

iv) authorise a locally Designated Agency to

exercise any power conferred by
regulations made by virtue of paragraphs
(i)-(iii) above.
b) The Competent Agency may for the purposes of
this Standard, appoint persons to act on their behalf
as technical assessors and monitors in relation to the
powers and duties conferred on him by these
standards and/or subsequent amendments.
c) A person or organisation appointed by the
Competent
Agency
shall
carry
out
such
investigations for the purpose of ascertaining

c) All appeals should be fully supported with a

documented case containing as a minimum, the
information required under the appeals process of
the General Environmental Regulations.

whether or not any duty or other requirement

imposed on that party by this standard is being, has
been, or is likely to be contravened.
d) In addition to the responsibilities conferred by
other sections contained within these standards, it
shall be the duty of facility;
i)
ii)

10)

to give the Competent Agency all such

assistance; and

a) There may be some requirement at a future date to

adjust the standards included to recognise specific
local conditions and or improved understanding of the
effects of mobile source air emissions.

to provide the Competent Agency with

such information, as may reasonably be
required for the purpose of carrying out an
investigation.

b) As a minimum, the Competent Agency shall

undertake a periodic review of this standard every 5
years.

e) The Competent Agency may;

7)

i)

enter any premises for the purpose of

carrying out any such investigation
detailed in Article I (5(c);

ii)

carry out any appropriate inspections,

measurements or tests on facilities
entered; and

iii)

at any time require any relevant party to

supply him with copies of, or of extracts
from, the contents of any records kept for
the purpose of demonstrating compliance
with point source emission standards.

c) Where new information suggests that adjustments

are required to this standard, all changes will be
subject to the appropriate consultation and will be
notified to facilities by the Competent Agency.
Appropriate implementation time will be allowed.

Article II General provisions

1)

a) Failure to comply with the requirements of these

standards may lead to prosecution by the Competent
Agency and those convicted of such failure may be
subject to fines or periods of imprisonment as laid out
in the General Environmental Regulations.

8)

Penalty fines
a) Maximum fines that may be imposed for exceeding
the applicable standard, breach of permit and failure
to comply with an abatement notice are set out in the
General Environmental Regulations.

9)

Appeals
a) A right of appeal exists for any organisation or
individual who is required to take action as a
consequence of the implementation of the revised
standard.
b) The right of appeal against conviction or sentence
is available through the appropriate judicial system as
set out in the General Environmental Regulations.

Units of measurement
a) Where numerical values are stated in relation to
point source air emission standards the units are also
present, these will vary according to the parameter
referenced.

Enforcement

b) It is anticipated that the requirements of this

standard will be enforced nationally with inspections
taking place to verify their implementation at a
regional and local level.

Periodic review

b) Milligrams per normal metre cubed (mg/Nm3) shall

be used to indicate the concentration of gaseous,
particulate and toxic pollutants.

2)

Permits
a) In circumstances where a facility, site or premises
can provide substantive evidence that the prescribed
emission limits are not practicable, a permit may be
issued that allows parameters within Appendix A to be
temporarily exceeded.
b) The permit application form in Appendix C must be
completed in full and submitted to the Competent
Agency within 180 days of the effective date for this
standard.
c) The permit application must be accompanied by
supporting documentation, which may include:
i)

monitoring data showing current emission

characteristics;

ii)

an assessment of the location of sensitive

receptors that may be affected by the
emission;

iii)

iv) age of plant

processes;
v)

c) The emission limits specified in Appendix A are set

at a level which:

an assessment of background air quality

and contributions from natural sources;
and

configuration

of

availability of technology; and

vi) economic analysis showing that abatement

is not feasible within the prescribed
timescales for implementation.

i)

contribute to the maintenance of ambient

air quality.

ii)

control the wider spatial and transboundary effects of air pollution; and

iii)

recognise the importance of international

air quality agreements.

d) Point source emission standards shall be defined in

terms of a concentration and a volumetric loading
threshold.
This
threshold
represents
the
instantaneous loading rate at which this standard
becomes active (Appendix A).

d) The Competent Agency may seek to externally

verify any evidence provided.
e) Granting or refusal of a permit is at the discretion of
the Competent Agency and will be decided on a case
by case basis.

e) There is no specific exemption for start-up, shutdown or maintenance procedures. During these times
the following applies, compliance with which will be
determined by the Competent Agency:

f) In the event that a permit application is rejected, the

facility must meet the requirements of this standard or
risk penalties as detailed in Article III.

i)
g) In the event that a permit application is accepted, a
permit will be issued that may impose operating
conditions, revised emission limits and a time-bound
improvement schedule.
ii)
3)

Abatement notices
a) Where the Competent Agency identifies activities
that
pose
significant
current
or
potential
environmental risk, it may issue an abatement notice
that will detail abatement actions. These may include
the termination of activities which must be undertaken
to reduce that risk.
b) Activities which are not in contravention of
stationary source emission threshold values may still
be subject to the conditions of an abatement notice.
c) The requirements of an abatement notice are
legally enforceable.

2)

At all times including start-up, shut-down

and maintenance, the facility must operate
in a manner that minimises emissions to
the greatest extent possible with current
best available techniques; and
the duty imposed by (i) above does not
require the source to achieve emission
levels required by Appendix A if those
levels are not consistent with BAT.

Dispersion zones and stack height

a) Stack height should be equal or greater than H +
1.5L, where H is the height of nearby structures and
L is the lesser dimension of either the height or
projected width of nearby structures. However, stack
height and design will be ultimately determined by
clauses c) and d) of this section relating to dispersion
zones.
b) Subject to approval by the Competent Agency,
Ambient Air Quality Standards may be exceeded in
the immediate vicinity of a point source of air
pollution. These areas are referred to as dispersion
zones.

Article IV Point source emission controls

1)

Stationary source emission limits

a) In all circumstances point source air emissions
from any facility must not contain substances in
concentrations that exceed the Normal Limit Values
as set out in Appendix A of this standard.
b) If a facility is within a degraded airshed the
competent agency has the power to enforce all or
some of the Degraded Airshed Emission Limits set
out in Appendix A. These emission limit values are
based on what is technologically feasible to achieve
while not incurring excessive costs.

c) A dispersion zone must not impinge upon a

sensitive receptor. Sensitive receptor, in this case,
refers to:
i)

any area where there is a permanent

human presence;

ii)

areas used for

production; and

iii)

areas that are protected for conservation,

ecological status or amenity value.

livestock

or

crop

d) It is the responsibility of the facility operator to

undertake dispersion modelling, or other appropriate
techniques, to ensure that the requirements of (3)b)
are met.

3)

e) Records of calibration programmes for

instrumentation and relevant calibration certificates
issued by a certified calibration laboratory may be
requested by the Competent Agency at any time.

Cumulative impacts
a) Where the cumulative impact of multiple point
and/or mobile sources of air pollution cause Ambient
Air Quality Standards to be exceeded, the
Competent Agency has the authority to adjust
emission limits or develop appropriate air quality
management strategies.

f) The mass thresholds for determining whether a

stationary source requires continuous monitoring are
given in Appendix B.

5)
b) Where Ambient Air Quality Standards have been
met but where the quality of air remains a societal
concern, the Competent Agency has authority to
review local emission limits and air quality
management strategies.

4)

a) Records of monitoring data shall be maintained by

the operator of a facility for a period of at least 5
years and shall be made available to the Competent
Agency upon request.
b) All records of the occurrence and duration of any
start up, shutdown or malfunction, performance test,
evaluation, calibration, adjustment and maintenance
of the monitoring system, shall be retained by the
operator of a facility for a period of at least 5 years
and shall be made available to the Competent
Agency upon request.

Monitoring and analysis

a) A monitoring programme for all relevant point
source air emissions must be established by the
facility operator and will include as a minimum:
i)

parameters required to be monitored;

ii)

sampling frequency;

iii)

sampling methods and equipment;

Information to be recorded

d) The following information should be recorded for

inspection and reporting purposes:
i)

the date, time, address location of the

measurements
and
the
operator
undertaking them;

ii)

the type of instrumentation including the

serial numbers of all elements of the
measurement system and the calibrator
used, the measurement procedure and
any calculation used;

vii) responsibilities and necessary

qualifications of staff;

iii)

the settings of the sampler including the

dynamic range, slow or fast response, etc;

viii) requirements for documentation and

management of records; and
ix) data to be recorded and

iv) a description of the time aspect of the

measurements. i.e. the reference and
measurement time intervals, including
details of sampling, if used;

x)

v)

iv) schedules for monitoring;

v)

methods for quality assurance and

validation of monitoring results;

vi) requirements for checking and interpreting

results;

requirements for reporting and

communicating results.

b) Where a site has multiple point sources each

qualifying emission must be monitored individually.

vi) the conditions during the measurements

should be described qualitatively and
quantitatively, including wind speed and
direction, thermal gradient, relative
humidity, and ambient temperature.

c) The site monitoring programme and monitoring

data must be available for inspection by the
Competent Agency at all times.
d) Sampling and analytical methods should be
carried out in accordance with the most recent
edition of the USEPA1 methodologies for the
sampling and analysis of point source and fugitive air
emissions.

As promulgated in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR).

measurement locations including sampler

height above ground and distance from
source of generation; and

6)

Sampling procedures
a) Samples should be taken at the point of discharge
to the ambient environment or prior to this point
provided that no further modification of the flue gas is
possible.

h) Tanks and pipework should have a planned

preventative maintenance schedule in place and
documented on site.

b) The measuring position shall be located at a place

where the flue gas is under a comparatively uniform
flow, avoiding a place where a duct bends or its
sectional shape is sharply changed.

i) Vapour recovery systems should be installed on all

processes or installations where it is practicable to
do so including gasoline filling stations.

c) All sampling methodologies will be in accordance

1
with USEPA standard methods .

Article V Management controls for fugitive emissions

1)

3)

a) All employees or contract staff that have

responsibilities for solvents either in a practical
process capacity or a management role should have
completed training in the handling, use, good
housekeeping and waste management procedures
for solvents.

Threshold values
a) All facilities operating processes which use or
require storage (above or below ground) of more
than 5 tonnes of Volatile Organic Compounds
(VOCs) per year are subject to all provisions of this
Article other than those detailed in (b) below.
b) Those facilities operating processes which require
storage (above or below ground) of more than 200
tonnes of VOCs per year or operate at a throughput
rate of 150 kg of VOC containing substances per
hour at any time are also subject to part 4 of this
article.

b) Training records should be held centrally in

Human Resources files along with other employment
records.

4)

b) A FEMP must include as a minimum:

Operational controls
a) Ordering of raw materials that could be classified
as volatile organic compounds should be maintained
on a just in time and first in first out basis to reduce
wastage and site storage.
b) Carbon steel, stainless steel and hot dip
galvanised steel are acceptable materials for solvent
storage. Aluminium and magnesium alloys are not
acceptable.
c) Plastic containers (preferably rigid intermediate
bulk containers) may be used for storage in
circumstances where there is no resistance problem
identified (for instance chlorinated solvents).
d) Bulk storage tanks greater than 5000 litres must
have vapour recovery systems fitted and during
delivery they should be back vented to the delivery
tank to prevent the release of displaced vapours.

g) Bulk storage tanks greater than 10,000 litres must

have conservation valves fitted.

i)

Identify sources of fugitive emissions

through inspection, monitoring and mass
balance calculations.

ii)

An
inventory
of
VOC
containing
substances listing and detailing all storage
areas, transport pipes, delivery points,
wastes and points of emission.

ii)

Assign responsibilities for fugitive emission

management, monitoring and emissions
reduction.

iii)

Identify targets for reduction in emissions

and VOC losses.

iv) Identify and implement operational controls

to achieve targets in (iii).
v)

e) Sites must ensure that the tanks, containers, seals

and plugs are resistant to the substances contained
and pressure differentials likely under normal and
abnormal conditions excluding acts of nature.
f) To minimise solar heating effect on the tanks they
should be positioned in sheltered areas and should
be light in colour.

Fugitive emission management plans

a) A fugitive emission management plan (FEMP) is
required for sites that use either 200 tonnes of
solvents per year or operate at a rate of 150 kg of
solvents per hour at any time.

c) Those facilities processing less than 5 tonnes per

year of VOC containing substances are required to
deploy BAT to control fugitive emissions.

2)

Employee training

5)

Maintain annual reports on the progress

and
status
of
fugitive
emission
management.

Ozone depleting substances (ODS)

a) Owners and operators of refrigeration equipment
containing ozone depleting substances must take
precautionary measures to prevent and minimise
leakages.

b) For the purposes of this clause (a) only, an owner

or operator will include all facilities and premises with
the exception of residential properties.
c) A schedule for planned inspection and servicing of
equipment containing refrigerants must be available
and up to date at all times for inspection by the
Competent Agency.
d) Located with this schedule must be evidence of
inspection and servicing carried out in accordance
with the schedule in the form of job sheets and log
books.
e) Furthermore, there must be contained with this
information, clear procedures for reacting promptly in
the event of leaking equipment.
f) All equipment with a fluid recharge volume greater
than 3kg requires annual leak testing by an approved
contractor. These checks must be held in the log
book specified in (d) above.
g) At the time of replenishment or at end of asset life,
ODS must be sealed in a sealed container and must
not be allowed to vent directly to the atmosphere.
h) The contractor must provide a receipt to the
operator stipulating the volume of refrigerant
removed from the site and the serial number(s) of the
equipment.
i) The operator will keep these records with the log
book for inspection by the Competent Agency.

Appendix A Prescribed concentrations and values

Table A1 Emission limit values for emissions to air from stationary sources
3

Categories

Emission limit values (ug/Nm )

Threshold
(g/hr)

Comment

(A) Normal

(B) Degraded airsheds

Particulate matter (PM10)

150

100

500

Above background conditions

Particulate matter (PM2.5)

50

25

100

Above background conditions

0.0001

0.0001

SOx

600

400

1000

NOx
Extremely toxic substances

500

350

1000

Class I

0.05

0.05

0.02

Class I + II
Carcinogenic substances

0.1

0.1

0.5

Class I

0.5

Specific Air Pollutants

Dioxins and Furans

0.1

0.05

Class I + II

0.5

Class I + II + III

25

Organic substances
Class I

40

20

25

Class I + II
Inorganic substances
(solid)

150

100

100

Class I

0.2

0.05

Class I + II

0.5

Class I + II + III
Inorganic substances
(gas/vapour)

25

Class I

0.5

10

Class II

15

50

Class III
Volatile organic carbons
(VOCs)
% of organic solvent lost in
complete process through
fugitive emissions

100

30

300

5%

3%

Thresholds
apply

Refer to controls in Article V

Notes for facilities not subject to continuous monitoring requirements:

All samples taken should meet the required emission limits specified.

Notes for facilities subject to continuous monitoring requirements:

No daily mean value of each substance emitted can exceed the required emission limit.
97% of all half-hourly means should not exceed 1.2 times the required emission limit.
No 30 minute measurement shall exceed 2.0 times the required emission limit.

Where no threshold value is shown, the standard applies to all emission levels

Styrene oxide

Extremely toxic substances

Class I

PCDD

Inorganic substances (solid)

Class II

PCB

PCT
Carcinogenic substances
Class I

Asbestos (chrysotile, crocidolite, amosite, antofillite,

actinolite and tremolite)

Benzo(a)pyrene

Beryllium and its compounds, expressed as Be

Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene

2-Naphthylamine and its salts

Benzo(a)anthracene

Benzo(b)fluoranthene

Benzo(j)fluoranthene

Benzo(k)fluoranthene

Dibenzo (a,h) acridine

Dibenzo(a)pyrene

Dimethylnitrosamine

5-Nitroacenaphthene

2-Nitronaphthalene

1-Methyl-3-Nitro-1-Nitrosoguanidin
Class II

Arsenic and its compounds, expressed as As

Chromium(VI) and its compounds, expressed as Cr

Cobalt and its compounds, expressed as Co

Dichlorobenzidine and its salts

Dimethyl sulphate

Ethylenimine

Nickel and its compounds, expressed as Ni

4-Aminobiphenyl and its salts

Benzidine and its salts

4,4'-Methylene-bis(2-Chloroanilin) and its salts

Diethyl sulphate

3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine and its salts

Hexamethylphosphorotriamide

2-Methylaziridine

Methyl azoxymethyl acetate

Sulfallate

Dimethyl carbamoylchloride

3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine and its salts

Class III

Acrylonitrile

Benzene

1,3-Butadiene

1-Chloro-2,3-epoxipropane (epichlorohydrine)

1,2-Epoxipropane

1,2-Dichloroethane

VCM

1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol

Chloromethyl methyl ether

N,N-Dimethylhydrazine

Hydrazine

Ethylene oxide

Ethylene thiourea

2-Nitropropane

Bis-Chloromethylether

3-Propanolide

1,3-Propane sultone

Class I

Cadmium and its compounds,

expressed as Cd

Mercury and its compounds, expressed as Hg

Thallium and its compounds, expressed as Tl

Class II

Selenium and its compounds, expressed as Se

Tellurium and its compounds, expressed as Te

Class III

Antimony and its compounds, expressed as Sb

Cyanides, expressed as CN

Chromium(III) and its compounds, expressed as Cr

Manganese and its compounds, expressed as Mn

Palladium and its compounds, expressed as Pd

Lead and its compounds, expressed as Pb

Platinum and its compounds, expressed as Pt

Quartz, pulverised, if in the form of crystallised silicon

expressed as SiO2

Copper and its compounds, expressed as Cu

Rhodium and its compounds, expressed as Rh

Tin and its compounds, expressed as Sn

Vanadium and its compounds, expressed as V

Inorganic substances (gas/vapour)
Class I

Chlorocyanide

Phosphine

Phosgene
Class II

Hydrocyanidric acid

Bromine and its compounds, expressed as

hydrobromic acid

Chlorine

Fluorine and its compounds, expressed as hydrofluoric

acid

Hydrogen sulphide
Class III

Ammonia

Gaseous or vaporous inorganic chlorine compounds,

excluded chlorocyanide and phosgene, expressed as
hydrochloric acid
Organic substances
Class I

1-bromo-3-chloropropane

1,1-dichloroethane

1,2-dichloroethylene, cis and trans

Ethanoic acid

Methyl formiate

Nitroethane

Nitromethane

Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane

1,1,1-trichloroethane

1,3,5-trioxane

Anisidine

Butylmercaptan

Chlorpicrine
Diazomethane
Dichloroacetylene
Dinitrobenzene
Dinitrocresol
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexafluoroacetone
Diglycidyl ether
Ethyl acrylate
Ethylene imine
Ethylmercaptan
Isocyanates
Methyl acrylate
Nitroglycerine
Perchloromethylmercaptan
1,4-Dioxane

Class II

Acetaldehyde

Chloroacetic acid

Formic acid

Thioglycolic acid

Trichloroacetic acid

Phthalic anhydride

Maleic anhydride

Aniline

Benzylchloride

Biphenyl

Butyl acrylate

Butylamine

Camphor synthetic

Tetrabromomethane

Tetrachloromethane

Cyclohexylamine

Chloroacetaldehyde

1-Chloro-1-nitropentane

Cresol

Crotonaldehyde

1,2-Dibutylaminoethanol

Dibutylphosphate

o-Dichlorobenzene

1,1-Dichloroethene

Dichloroethylether

Dichlorophenol

Dichloromethane

Diethylamine

Diphenylamine

Diisopropylamine

Dimethylamine

Ethylamine

Ethanolamine

2-Ethoxyethanol

2-Ethoxyethyl acetate

Phenol

Phthalates

2-Furaldehyde

Furfurol

Triiodomethane

Isophorone

Isopropylamine

Methylacrilonitrile

Methylamine

Methylaniline

Bromomethane

Methyl N-butylbromide

Chloromethane

Methyl 2-cyanoacrilate
Methylstyrene
2-Methoxyethanol
2-Methoxyethanol acetate
Nitroethane
Nitromethane
1-Nitropropane
Nitrotoluene
Pyretre
Pyridine
Lead alkyls
2-Propenal
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethene
Tetranitromethane
m- and p-Toluidine
Tributyl phosphate
Trichlorophenol
Trichloroethene
Trichloromethane
Triethylamine
Trimethylphosphine
Vinylbromide
Xylenes (excluded 2,4-xylene)
Formaldehyde
Acrylic acid
Acetonitrile
Propionic acid
Acetic acid
N-Butanol
i-Butanol
sec-Butanol
tert-Butanol
Methanol
Butyraldehyde
p-tert-Butyltoluene
2-Butoxyethanol
Caprolactam
Carbon disulphide
Cyclohexanone
Cyclopentadiene
Chlorobenzene
2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene
o-Chlorostyrene
o-Chlorotoluene
p-Chlorotoluene
Cumene
Diacetonalcohol (4-hydroxy-4-methyl2-pentanone)
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,1-Dichloroethane
Dichloropropane
Diethanolamine
Diethylformamide
Diisobutylketone
N,N-Dimethylacetamide
N,N-Dimetylformamide
Dipropylketone
Hexamethylendiamine
N-Hexane
Ethylamylketone
Ethylbenzene
Ethylbutylketone
Ethyleneglycol
Isobutylglycidyl ether
Isopropoxyethanol
Methyl methacrylate

Methylamylketone
o-Methylcyclohexanone
Methyl chloroform
Methylformiate
Methylisobutylketone
Methylisobutylcarbinol
Naphthalene
Propyleneglycol
Propyleneglycol monomethyl ether
Propionaldehyde
Styrene
Tetrahydrofurane
Trimethylbenzene
N-Veratraldehyde
Vinyl acetate
Vinyltoluene
2,4-Xylene
Propanol
Isopropanol
N-Amyl acetate
Methyl benzoate
N-Butyl acetate
Isobutyl acetate
Diethylketone
Difluorodibromomethane
sec-Hexyl acetate
Ethyl formiate
Methyl acetate
Methylethylketone
Methylisopropylketone
N-Methylpyrrolidone
Pinene
N-Propyl acetate

Isopropylen acetate
Toluene
Xylene
Acetone
Ethanol
Butane
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexene
Chloropentane
Chlorobromomethane
Chlorodifluoromethane
Chloropentafluoroethane
Dibromodifluoroethane
Dibutylether
Dichlorofluoromethane
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane
Diethylether
Diisopropylether
Dimethylether
Heptane
Hexane (technical)
Isopropyl ether
Ethyl acetate
Methylacetylene
Methylcyclohexane
Pentane
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane
Trichlorofluoromethane
1,1,2-Tricloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
Trifluoromethane
Trifluorobromomethane

Appendix B Requirements for continuous monitoring3

(1) Facilities with particles mass flows of 1 to 3 kg/h shall be equipped with measuring instruments at their relevant sources
which are capable of continuously monitoring the functioning of the waste gas purification facility and the established emission
limits (qualitative measuring instruments).
(2) Facilities with particles mass flows of over 3 kg/h shall be equipped with measuring instruments at their relevant sources
which continuously determine dust emission mass concentrations.
(3) Facilities with dust emissions of Inorganic or Carcinogenic Class I Substances shall be equipped with measuring
instruments at their relevant sources which continuously determine the total particles concentrations if the emission mass flow is
more than five times greater than one of the relevant mass flows.
(4) At facilities emitting gaseous substances in excess of the following mass flows, relevant sources shall be equipped with
measuring instruments which continuously determine the mass concentrations of the respective substances:
sulphur dioxide 30 kg/h,
nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide, to be indicated as nitrogen dioxide 30 kg/h,
carbon monoxide as lead substance for evaluating the efficiency of combustion processes 5 kg/h,
carbon monoxide, all other cases 100 kg/h,
fluorine and gaseous inorganic fluorine compounds, to be indicated as hydrogen fluoride 0.3 kg/h,
gaseous inorganic chlorine compounds, to be indicated as hydrogen chloride 1.5 kg/h,
chlorine 0.3 kg/h,
hydrogen sulphide 0.3 kg/h.
(5) If sulphur dioxide mass concentrations are measured continuously, sulphur trioxide mass concentrations shall be determined
during calibration and included in the calculation. If individual measurements show that nitrogen dioxide proportions in the
nitrogen oxide emissions account for less than 10 per cent, continuous measuring of nitrogen dioxide shall be waived and its
proportion be calculated.
(6) Facilities with mass flows of organic substances, to be indicated as total carbon, exceeding for
Organic Class I Substances 1 kg/h,
Organic Substances 2.5 kg/h
shall be equipped with measuring instruments at their relevant sources which continuously determine the total carbon.
(7) Facilities with mass flows of mercury and its compounds of over 2.5 g/h, to be indicated as Hg, shall be equipped with
measuring instruments at their relevant sources which continuously determine mercury mass concentrations.
(8) The competent authority shall require facilities emitting Carcinogenic or Extremely Toxic compounds or substances to
be equipped with continuous measuring instruments to determine the mass concentrations if the mass flow exceeds one of the
respective mass flows over five times.

Adapted and simplified from the TA Luft system enforced in Germany