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    Hand Calculation

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    Boreir
    This document provides the solution to three problems involving the design of concrete foundations. Problem 1 involves designing a load bearing wall foundation. Key details include a minimum depth of 220mm, required width of 1m, and flexural and shear reinforcement requirements. Problem 2 involves designing a square column footing with a required area of 6.62m^2 and punch and one-way shear checks. Problem 3 involves designing a foundation to support two columns, with a required width of 2.81m and flexural design details in the longitudinal and transverse directions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Hand Calculation

    Uploaded by

    Boreir
    204 views15 pages
    This document provides the solution to three problems involving the design of concrete foundations. Problem 1 involves designing a load bearing wall foundation. Key details include a minimum depth of 220mm, required width of 1m, and flexural and shear reinforcement requirements. Problem 2 involves designing a square column footing with a required area of 6.62m^2 and punch and one-way shear checks. Problem 3 involves designing a foundation to support two columns, with a required width of 2.81m and flexural design details in the longitudinal and transverse directions.

    Original Description:

    engineering: Calculation of a building by hand

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    This document provides the solution to three problems involving the design of concrete foundations. Problem 1 involves designing a load bearing wall foundation. Key details include a minimum depth of 220mm, required width of 1m, and flexural and shear reinforcement requirements. Problem 2 involves designing a square column footing with a required area of 6.62m^2 and punch and one-way shear checks. Problem 3 involves designing a foundation to support two columns, with a required width of 2.81m and flexural design details in the longitudinal and transverse directions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    204 views15 pages

    Hand Calculation

    Uploaded by

    Boreir
    This document provides the solution to three problems involving the design of concrete foundations. Problem 1 involves designing a load bearing wall foundation. Key details include a minimum depth of 220mm, required width of 1m, and flexural and shear reinforcement requirements. Problem 2 involves designing a square column footing with a required area of 6.62m^2 and punch and one-way shear checks. Problem 3 involves designing a foundation to support two columns, with a required width of 2.81m and flexural design details in the longitudinal and transverse directions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are the process of designing reinforced concrete structural elements like walls, footings and foundations by calculating loads, determining dimensions, checking shear and flexural capacities.

    For the load bearing wall, the solution calculates the minimum footing dimensions, bearing pressure, shear and flexural capacities of the wall and determines the required reinforcement.

    For the square footing, the solution calculates the load area, ultimate bearing pressure, checks punching shear capacity and determines the flexural reinforcement required.

    Problem No.

    Design a load bearing wall with the following data:


    DL = 45 KN/m
    LL = 20 KN/m
    qall = 100 KN/m2
    Depth of top of foundation from the groundlevel
    Df = 1.2 m
    fy = 420 Mpa
    fc' = 24 Mpa
    Unit weight of soilg s = 18 KN/m3
    Unit weight of concreteg c = 25 KEN/m3
    Solution:
    According to ACI-Code 7.7.1, the minimum depth of footing d = 150mm
    over steel, cover = 70 mm, so
    hmin = 150+70 = 220 mm
    Assume h = 250 mm,give
    d = 250-70 = 180 mm
    also,
    weight of foundation = 0.25gc = 0.25x25 = 6.25 KN/m2
    weight of soil above foundation = 1.2gs = 1.2x18 = 21.6 KN/m2
    Total = 27.85 KN/m2
    Net allowable soil bearing capacity
    qall(net) = 100-27.85 72.15 KN/m2
    Hence, required width of foundation
    DL = 45KN
    LL = 20KN
    qallnet= 72.15KN/m2
    DL + LL
    B=
    = 0.901 m
    qallnet

    assume B = 1 m
    According to ACI-Code
    U = 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
    U = 1.4x45 + 1.7 x20 = 97 KN/m
    Find ultimate pressure under footing,
    U
    qult = .
    B 1
    =

    97
    1 1

    = 97.00 KN/m

    Investigation of shear strength of foundation:


    critical shear section occur at distance d from the face of wall
    (ACI-Code 15.2.2 and 11.11.1.1)
    Vu = [0.35 -d] x qult = [0.35 -0.18 ] x 97 = 16.49 KN/m

    Vc =
    =

    0.17 . fc'. b . d
    1000
    0.17 24 1000 180
    1000

    = 149.91 KN/m

    fVc = 0.85 x 149.9 = 127.4 KN/m> Vu = 16.49 KN/m .................O.K


    Flexural Reinforcement:
    l = 0.75m
    qu = 97KN/m2
    qu. l2
    Mu =
    = 27.28 KN-m/m
    2

    Ru =

    Mu. 10 6
    fi . b . d 2
    5.94 10 6
    0.9 1000 180 2

    = 0.20 Mpa

    m=

    fy
    0.85 . fc'

    420
    0.85 24

    = 20.588235
    Ro =
    =

    1.
    1m

    1-

    2 . Ru. m
    fy

    1
    120.588235

    1-

    2 0.2 20.588235
    420

    = 0.000479

    Romin = 0.0018 (ACI-Code 7.12.2)

    Beta = 0.85
    fc' = 24
    fy = 420
    Romax= 0.75 . 0.85 .

    fc'.
    600
    Beta.
    = 0.0182
    fy
    600 + fy

    Ro > Rmax .......................O.K


    As = 0.0018 x100 x18 = 3.24 cm2
    use f 10 - 24 cm c/c

    As"Provided"=

    100 . 3.14 .
    1.0 2
    24
    4

    100 3.14

    1.0 2
    24
    4

    = 3.27 cm2

    Check development length:


    Ld = 0.019 . Ab.

    fy
    fc'

    = 0.019
    But not
    less than"

    . db0. fy
    Ld ==0.058
    0.0010
    = 0.058
    = 0.00100

    for f =10 mm Ab = 78.5 mm2


    or 300 mm
    Ld = 0.019 . Ab.

    fy
    fc'

    420
    = 0.019 78.5
    24
    = 127.87 mm

    Ld = 0.058 x db x fy = 0.058 x10 x 420 = 243.6 mm


    Control
    Hence Ld = 300 mm
    Ld Provided = 350 -70(cover) = 280 mm < 300 mm Use standard hook
    Long Direction:
    Asmin = 0.0018 x100 x 18 = 3.24
    Use 3 f 12mm
    Sketch:

    Problem No. 2

    Design a square footing to support column load given the followint information:
    fc' = 24 Mpa
    fy = 420 Mpa
    DL = 1125 KN
    LL = 675 KN
    Column size = 0.5 m x 0.5 m
    Allowable bearing soil-capacity qall = 300 KN/m2
    g c = 25 KN/m3
    g s = 20 KN/m3
    Solution:
    let us assume that the average weight of concrete and soil above the base of the foundation
    equal to 22.5 KN/m3, so
    qall(net) = qall-Df x 22.5 = 300 x 22.5 x 1.25 = 271.9 KN/m2

    Af =
    =

    DL + LL
    qallnet
    1125 + 675
    271.9

    = 6.62 m2

    use foundation of with dimension of B = 2.6m x 2.6m


    Af = 2.6 x2.6 = 6.76 m2 > 6.62 m2 ..........O.K
    U = 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
    U = 1.4 x 1125 + 1.7 x 675 = 2722.5 KN
    U
    qult = 2
    B
    =

    2 722.5
    2.6 2

    = 402.74 KN/M2

    Check Punch Shear:


    Critical section for punch shear occur at distance d/2 from the face of support
    Vu = qult x (critical area)
    2 = 5.7 m2
    Critical area = (2.6 x 2.6) - (0.5 x 0.5)
    Assume H = 60 cm
    D = 60 - 7 = 53 cm
    B0 = (0.5 + 0.5) x 4 = 4.12 m
    Vu = 402.74 x 5.7 = 2295.26 KN
    Vc =

    0.34 . fc'. B0. D


    1000

    0.34 24 4210 530


    f Vc = 0.851000
    x 3637.1 = 3091.5 KN
    =

    = 3 716.57 KN

    f Vc > Vu ...........O.K
    Check one-way shear:

    Critical section for one-way shear occur at distance d from the face of support, hence
    Vu = qult x critical area
    = 402.74 x 2.6 x 0.52 = 544.5 KN

    Vc =
    =

    0.17 . fc'. b . d
    1000
    0.17 24 2600 530
    1000

    = 1 147.63 KN

    Vc = 0.85 x 1147.63 = 975.5 KN


    f Vc > Vu ...........O.K
    Flexural Reinforcement:

    Mu =
    =

    qult. B. L2
    2
    402.74 2 1.05 2
    2

    = 444.02 KN-m

    Ru =

    Mu. 10 6
    fi . b . d 2
    577.23 10 6
    0.9 2600 530 2

    = 0.88 Mpa

    m=

    fy
    0.85 . fc'

    420
    0.85 24

    = 20.5882
    Ro =
    =

    1.
    1m

    1-

    1
    120.5882

    2 . Ru. m
    fy
    1-

    = 0.0021
    As =
    =

    Ro. b . d
    100
    0.0021 2600 530
    100

    2 0.88 20.5882
    420

    Use f 14 mm

    S=

    260 - 14 .
    1.54
    29.5

    260 - 14
    1.54
    29.5

    = 12.84 cm
    Use f 16 mm

    S=

    260 - 16 .
    2.0
    29.5

    260 - 16
    2.0
    29.5

    = 16.54 cm
    Use f 16 -16 cm c/c

    Check development length:


    Ld = 0.019 . Ab.

    fy
    fc'

    = 0.019
    = 0.00100

    But not less than"


    Ld = 0.058 . db. fy
    = 0.058
    = 0.00100
    or 300 mm

    fy
    Ld = 0.019 . Ab.
    fc'
    420
    = 0.019 200
    24
    = 325.78 mm

    Also,
    Ld = 0.58x db x fy = 0.58 x16 x 420 = 389.76 mm
    So, Ld = 389.76 mm

    ActualLd=

    260 - 50
    + 50
    2

    260 - 50
    + 50
    2

    Control

    155.0 cm > 38.9 cm ...........O.K


    Check bearing on concrete:
    A2
    fb = 0.85 . phi. fc'. A1.
    A1
    = 0.85 0.00100 0.00100

    0.00100

    = 0.00100 Mpa
    with a limit of sqrt(A2/A1)<2
    A2
    A=
    A1
    =

    6.76
    .25

    = 5.20

    Use A = 2
    A1 = .25
    fc' = 24
    phi = 0.7
    fb = 0.85 . phi. fc'. A1. 2 = 7.14 MN

    fu = 2722.5 KN > 7140 KN .........O.K


    Hence use minimum dowels with at least 4 bars same as column steel.

    Reinforcement Sketch:

    Problem No. 3
    Design concrete foundation to support two columns givrn the following informations:
    fc' = 24 Mpa
    fy = 420 Mpa
    Column size = 0.5 m x 0.5 m
    Allowable bearing soil-capacity qall = 300 KN/m2
    g c = 25 KN/m3
    g s = 20 KN/m3
    Df = 1.5 m
    Loading:
    Column 1: Pd = 1000 KN PL = 500 KN
    Column 2: Pd = 2000 KN PL = 1000 KN
    Solution:
    Find L that the center of the resultant loads coincide
    with the center of the footing

    X=

    1500 . 1 + 3000 . 4
    4500

    1500 1 + 3000 4
    4500

    = 3.00 m

    L = 2 x X= 2 x 3 = 6 m
    Lr = 6-4 = 2 m

    Find B
    Assume the average weight of concrete and soil above
    footing is equal to gav = 22 kn/m3
    qall(net) = 300-gav x Df = 300 -22 x 1.5 = 267 KN/m2
    So,
    B=
    =

    R
    Qallnet. L
    4500
    267 6

    = 2.81 m

    Find pressure under footing:


    Neglegt excentricity at ultimate load, give
    qu =
    =

    Pd. 1.4 + PL. 1.7


    B. L
    3000 1.4 + 1500 1.7
    2.8 6

    = 401.79 KN/m2

    Draw moment and shear diagramn longitudinal direction:


    qu. B. L2
    M1 =
    2
    401.8 2.8 1.0 2
    =
    2
    = 562.52 KN-m

    M3 =

    qu. B. L2
    2

    401.8 2.8 2 2
    =
    2
    = 2 250.08 KN-m

    M2 can be find where the shear is zero


    2.8 x 401.8 (X0) - (1000 x 1.4 + 500 x 1.7) = 0
    X0 = 2 m
    qu. B. x02
    M2 =
    - Pu1. Ll
    2
    401.8 2.8 2 2
    =
    - 2225 1
    2
    = 25.080 KN-M

    Assume h = 70 cm
    d = 70 - 7 = 63 cm
    Flexural Design:
    For M3 = 2250.1 KN-m

    Ru =

    Mu. 10 6
    phi. b . d 2
    2250 10 6
    0.9 2800 630 2

    = 2.249577 Mpa
    m=

    fy
    0.85 . fc'

    420
    0.85 24

    = 20.588235
    Ro =
    =

    1.
    1m

    1-

    2 . Ru. m
    fy

    1
    120.588235

    = 0.005689

    1-

    2 2.249577 20.588235
    420

    Use 40 f 18 - 7cm c/c


    For M1 = 562.5 KN-m

    Ru =

    Mu. 10 6
    phi. b . d 2
    562.5 10 6
    0.9 2800 630 2

    = 0.562394 Mpa
    m=

    fy
    0.85 . fc'

    420
    0.85 24

    = 20.588235
    Ro =
    =

    1.
    1m

    1-

    2 . Ru. m
    fy

    1
    120.588235

    1-

    2 0.562394 20.588235
    420

    = 0.001358

    Romin =

    1.4
    fy

    1.4
    420

    = 0.003333
    fc' 600
    Romax= 0.75 . beta1. 0.85 . .
    fy 600 + fy
    24
    600
    = 0.75 0.85 0.85

    420 600 + 420


    = 0.018214
    As = Rmin. b . d
    = 0.00333 2800 630
    = 5 874.120000 mm2

    Use 24 f 18 - 12 cm c/c
    for M3 use Asmin
    As = 58.8 cm2
    Use 24 f 18 - 12 cm c/c
    Check Shear:
    The critical section for shear occure at distance d from the face of support

    Vu = 1260 KN

    Vc = 0.17 . fc'. B. d . 10 - 3
    = 0.17 24 2800 630 10 - 3
    = 1 469.106 KN

    f Vc = 0.85 x 1469.12 = 1248 KN@ 1260 KN O.K


    No shear reinforcement required:
    Chek flexure in transverse direction:
    Band width = with of the column
    Plus two times effective depth
    = 50 + 2x 63 = 176 cm

    For left column:


    Pd. 1.4 + PL. 1.7
    B. Band

    qu =

    1000 1.4 + 500 1.7


    2.8 1.76

    = 456.575 KN/m2

    qult. B. L2
    2

    Mu =

    456.6 1.76 1.15 2


    =
    2
    = 531.391080 KN-m

    Ru =

    Mu. 10 6
    phi. b . d 2
    531.391 10 6
    0.9 1760 630 2

    = 0.845236 Mpa

    m=

    fy
    0.85 . fc'

    420
    0.85 24

    Use Romin = 0.002056


    2
    As = Romin x b x d =0.00256 x 176 x 63 =22.7 cm
    Use 12 f 16 - 15 cm c/c
    For right column:
    qu =
    =

    Pd. 1.4 + PL. 1.7


    B. Band
    2000 1.4 + 1000 1.7
    2.8 1.76

    = 913.149 KN/m2

    Mu =
    =

    qult. B. L2
    2
    913.149 1.76 1.15 2
    2

    = 1 062.722806 KN-m

    Mu. 10 6
    Ru =
    phi. b . d 2
    =

    1 062.72 10 6
    0.9 1760 630 2

    = 1.69 Mpa

    m=

    fy
    0.85 . fc'

    420
    0.85 24

    = 20.588235
    Ro =
    =

    1.
    1m

    1-

    2 . Ru. m
    fy

    1
    120.588235

    1-

    2 1.69 20.588235
    420

    = 0.004206
    Romin = 0.0018
    fc' 600
    Romax= 0.75 . beta1. 0.85 . .
    fy 600 + fy
    24
    600
    = 0.75 0.85 0.85

    420 600 + 420


    = 0.018214

    As = Ro. b . d
    = 0.004206 1760 630
    = 4 663.612800 mm2

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