Appendix A

Appendix A
Capital Cost Equations &

Curves for the CAPCOST
Program
Samir I. Abu-Eishah
Purpose:
The purpose of this Appendix is to present the
equations and figures that describe the relationships
used in the capital equipment-costing program
CAPCOST introduced in Chapter 5 and used
throughout the text.
A.1 Purchased Equipment Costs
All the data for the purchased cost of

equipment were obtained from a survey of
equipment manufacturers during the
period May-Sept of 2001.
An average value of CEPCI = 397 over
this period should be used when
accounting for inflation.
The data for the purchased cost of the equipment, at ambient

operating pressure and using carbon steel construction, Cp0,
was fitted to the following equation:
A = capacity or size parameter for the equipment. The data for

K1, K2, and K3, along with the maximum and minimum values
used in the correlation are given in Table A.1.
These data are also presented in the form of graphs in Figures
A.1 to A.7.
It should be noted that in these figures, the data are plotted as
Cp0 /A vs. the size attribute, A. This form of the graph clearly
illustrates the decreasing cost per unit of capacity as the size of
the equipment increases.
Table A.1 Equipment cost data to be used with Eq. A.1
A.2 Pressure Factors

A.2.1 Pressure Factors for Process Vessels
The pressure factor for horizontal and vertical process
(pressurized) vessels of diameter D meters and
operating at P barg is based on the ASME code for
pressure vessel design.
At base material conditions using a maximum
allowable stress for carbon steel (type S) of 944 bar, a
weld efficiency E = 0.9, a minimum allowable vessel
thickness tvessel = 6.30 mm ( inch), and a corrosion
allowance, CA = 3.15 mm (1/8 inch) gives the A.2
expression:
A.2.1 Pressure Factors for Process Vessels
If Fp,vessel < 1 (at tvessel < 6.3 mm), then Fp,vessel = 1.

For P < -0.5 barg, take Fp,vessel = 1.25.
It should be noted that Eq. A.2 is strictly true for the
case when tvessel < 0.25 D; for vessels in the range D =
0.3 to 4.0 m, this occurs at P ~ 320 barg.
For -0.5 barg < P < 10 barg, Fp ~ 1.0
A2.2 Pressure Factors for Other Process

Equipment
The pressure factors, Fp, for the remaining process equipment are given by
the following general form:
P in bar gauge or barg, unless stated otherwise. Fp 1.0

The values of the constants in Eq. A.3 for different equipment are given in
Table A.2, and also shown the ranges of pressures over which the
correlations are valid.
Extrapolation outside this range of pressures should be done with extreme
caution.
Some equipment does not have pressure ratings and, therefore, has values
of C1, C2, C3 equal to zero.
If cost estimates are required for these units at high pressures and the
equipment cost is affected by pressure, then the correlations should again
be used with caution.
Table A.2 Pressure factors for process equipment (to be used with Eq. A.3)
A.3.1 Bare Module and Material Factors for

Heat Exchangers, Process Vessels, and Pumps
The material factors, FM, for heat exchangers,
process vessels and pumps are given in Figure
A.8, with the appropriate identification number
listed in Table A.3.
Table A.3 Identification numbers for material factors for pumps (to be used
with Figure A.8)
Bare Module and Material Factors for Heat

Exchangers, Process Vessels, and Pumps
The bare module factors for this equipment are given by
the following equation:
C BM C p0 FBM C p0 ( B1 B2 Fp FM )
(A.4)
The values of the constants B1 and B2 are given in Table

A.4.
The bare module factor for the equipment for ambient
pressure and carbon steel construction, FBM0, are found
by setting FM and FP equal to 1.0.
The bare module cost at base conditions, CBM0, is given
by
0
0
C BM
C p0 FBM
A.3.2 Bare Module and Material Factors for the

Remaining Process Equipment
For the remaining equipment, the bare module costs
are related to the material and pressure factors by
equations different from Eq. A.4. The form of these
equations is given in Table A.5.
The bare module factors that correspond to the
equations in Table A.5 are given in Figure A.9 using
the identification numbers listed in Table A.6.
Table A.6 Identification numbers for material factors for equipment listed in Table A
(to be used with Figure A.9)

Appendix A - Capital Cost Equations & Curves

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What are the equations used to calculate purchased equipment costs?

What are the equations used to calculate purchased equipment costs?

What factors are considered when calculating pressure factors for process vessels?

What factors are considered when calculating pressure factors for process vessels?

Capital Cost Equations &

A.1 Purchased Equipment Costs

All the data for the purchased cost of

The data for the purchased cost of the equipment, at ambient

A = capacity or size parameter for the equipment. The data for

Table A.1 Equipment cost data to be used with Eq. A.1

A.2 Pressure Factors

A.2.1 Pressure Factors for Process Vessels

If Fp,vessel < 1 (at tvessel < 6.3 mm), then Fp,vessel = 1.

A2.2 Pressure Factors for Other Process

P in bar gauge or barg, unless stated otherwise. Fp 1.0

A.3.1 Bare Module and Material Factors for

Bare Module and Material Factors for Heat

The values of the constants B1 and B2 are given in Table

A.3.2 Bare Module and Material Factors for the

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