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    Oerlikon Rogers LEAK

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    Lorena Jimenez
    This document provides an overview of helium leak detection techniques. It discusses why leak testing is important, common applications of leak detection, definitions of leak rates, examples of known leak rates, and descriptions of different leak detection methods. The key methods discussed are vacuum methods using helium as the test gas for global and local detection of leaks, and overpressure methods using sniffing probes for local detection. Conversion factors are also provided to translate between different units used to measure leak rates.

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    Oerlikon Rogers LEAK

    Uploaded by

    Lorena Jimenez
    85 views19 pages
    This document provides an overview of helium leak detection techniques. It discusses why leak testing is important, common applications of leak detection, definitions of leak rates, examples of known leak rates, and descriptions of different leak detection methods. The key methods discussed are vacuum methods using helium as the test gas for global and local detection of leaks, and overpressure methods using sniffing probes for local detection. Conversion factors are also provided to translate between different units used to measure leak rates.

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    LEAK TESTING

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    This document provides an overview of helium leak detection techniques. It discusses why leak testing is important, common applications of leak detection, definitions of leak rates, examples of known leak rates, and descriptions of different leak detection methods. The key methods discussed are vacuum methods using helium as the test gas for global and local detection of leaks, and overpressure methods using sniffing probes for local detection. Conversion factors are also provided to translate between different units used to measure leak rates.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    85 views19 pages

    Oerlikon Rogers LEAK

    Uploaded by

    Lorena Jimenez
    This document provides an overview of helium leak detection techniques. It discusses why leak testing is important, common applications of leak detection, definitions of leak rates, examples of known leak rates, and descriptions of different leak detection methods. The key methods discussed are vacuum methods using helium as the test gas for global and local detection of leaks, and overpressure methods using sniffing probes for local detection. Conversion factors are also provided to translate between different units used to measure leak rates.

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    of 19

    Leak detection techniques

    Helium Leak Testing Techniques for Industry

    Dr Graham Rogers

    Leak detection techniques


    Reasons for Leak Testing
    Environmental

    Safety ISO 9000


    Product life
    Reliability
    Product specifications

    Marketing advantage

    Leak detection techniques


    Application list
    Analytical

    Medicine technology

    IT

    Mass spectrometer
    systems
    Electron beam
    microscopes

    Transfer chambers
    Load looks
    Tubing

    Automotive

    Power engineering

    Vacuum equipment

    Power turbine
    Power condenser
    High voltage components

    Whole vacuum program


    Pump housings

    R&D

    Process industry

    Furnaces
    Soldering ovens
    High pressure valves

    AC
    Brake tubing
    Heat exchanger
    Fuel tanks
    Compressors
    Evaporators
    Valves
    Thermostat

    Pacemaker
    Electron microscope
    X-ray tubes
    Ampulla

    He bath cooler
    3He cooler
    Lon beam accelerators
    UHV ^/XHV systems
    He transfer lines

    Leak detection techniques


    Types of Leaks
    Leaks at connections
    Flanges, welding, soldering, grindings
    (glass fittings)
    Permeation leaks
    Gas transport through materials e.g.
    elastomeric seals, glass
    Porosity leaks
    Castings
    Virtual leaks
    Gaps, small volumes in castings,
    evaporation of liquids, sintered metal,
    plastic parts
    Hot /cold leaks
    Cracks open or close due to thermal
    tensions

    Leak detection techniques


    Definition of mbarl/s
    In a volume of 1 liter the pressure rises
    from 1mbar within 1 second to 2 mbar,
    that is a leak rate of

    p
    Q
    .V
    t
    Q = Troughput

    1mbar . I . s

    V = Volume
    p = pressure difference

    rise pressure mbar

    t = time difference

    Volume of 1 liter

    time /s

    Leak detection techniques


    Examples of well known leaks
    Water tap 1 drip per second

    1,7x10-1 mbarl/s

    Hair between O-ring and flange

    1x10-3 - 5x10-2 mbarl/s

    Bicycle tube in water (bubble test, 1 bubble/sec)

    1x10-2 mbarl/s

    Car wheel loses air 1,8 1,6 bar in 6 month

    4x10-5 mbarl/s

    Leak detection techniques


    Methods of Leak Tests
    Procedure

    Medium

    Limit of leak
    rate mbarl/s

    Pressure
    range

    Rise pressure

    Air & others

    10-4 Vacuum

    Limited

    Pressure drop

    Air & others

    10-4 Overpressure

    Limited

    Foaming agent

    Air & others

    10-5 Overpressure

    No

    Bubble test

    Air & others

    10-4 Overpressure

    Limited

    Supersonic

    Air & others

    10-2 Overpressure/
    Low pressure

    No

    Thermal conductivity

    Air & others

    10-5 Overpressure/
    Low pressure

    No

    Mass spectrometer
    quadruppole

    Refrigerents;
    gases

    10-7 Overpressure

    Yes

    Mass spectrometer
    magnet sector field

    Helium
    Hydrogen

    <10-7 Overpressure

    Yes

    Mass spectrometer
    magnet sector field

    Helium
    Hydrogen

    <5 x 10-12 Vacuum

    Quantifiable

    Yes

    Leak detection techniques


    Pressure rise effects in a chamber
    a) Leak
    b) Desorbtion

    c) Leak + Desorbtion

    Leak detection techniques


    Pressure rise method with vacuum ( no Helium )
    Example:
    Test volume: V = 1m
    p: p = 1 10-3 mbar until 8 10-3 mbar

    Time : t = 5 min
    QL = ??

    v
    Q .p[mbar I s 1 ]
    t

    1000 I
    7 103 mbar
    300S
    Air leak rate

    2,33.102 mbar.I .s 1
    p p2 p1 8.103 1.103 7.103 mbar

    Leak detection techniques


    Why is Helium a good Test Gas?
    Low concentration in air , only 5 ppm, so low natural background

    Inert gas, non toxic, non- explosive, environmentally friendly


    Good separation in a mass spectrometer (no cross sensitivity to other gases and
    no mass fragments
    Lighter than air
    Very small gas molecule, can easily pass through small holes/gaps

    Leak detection techniques


    Principle Methods of Leak Detection
    Vacuum method
    Global detection ( He outside )

    Global detection ( He inside )


    Local detection
    Overpressure method
    Local detection ( sniffing )

    Leak detection techniques


    Vacuum Method
    Global
    Detection

    Lowest detectable leak rate


    < 5x10-12 mbarl/s

    1 Pressure chamber w Helium


    2 Test vessel

    1
    3 Leak detector
    Test unit
    Helium
    (under vacuum)
    2

    4 Helium
    5 Auxiliary Pump System

    4
    3

    Leak detection techniques


    Vacuum Method
    Global
    Detection

    Lowest detectable leak rate


    < 5x10-12 mbarl/s

    1 Vacuum chamber
    2 Test body
    3 Leak detector

    4 Helium

    5 Auxiliary Pump System for huge vessels

    4
    3

    Leak detection techniques


    Vacuum Method
    Local
    Detection

    Lowest detectable leak rate


    < 5x10-12 mbarl/s

    1 Spray gun
    2 Test body
    3 Leak detector

    4 Helium
    5 Auxiliary Pump System (for large vessels)

    4
    3

    Leak detection techniques


    Overpressure Method
    Local
    Detection
    (sniffing)

    Lowest detectable leak rate


    < 1x10-7 mbarl/s!!!

    1 Sniffer probe
    2 Test vessel
    3 Leak detector

    4 Helium
    2

    Leak detection techniques


    Partial Flow System

    Leak detection techniques


    Partial Flow System

    Leak detection techniques


    Conversion of mass flowes (Leak Rates)
    1 =

    kgh-1
    (0 C)

    Cm3/h
    (NTP)

    Cm3/s
    (NTP)

    Torr. l/s

    g/a
    (F12.20C)

    g/a
    (F12.25C
    )

    m.cfm

    lusec

    Pa.1/s

    slpm

    4.28.10-3

    4.59.10-3

    3554

    0.987

    0.75

    1.56.105

    1.54.105

    1593

    7.52.102

    100

    59.2.10-3

    Kg.h-1(20c)

    234

    1.073

    8.31.105

    231

    175

    37.2.104

    1.75.105

    23.4.103

    13.86

    Kg.h-1 (0c)

    218

    0.932

    7.74.105

    215

    163

    34.6.104

    1.63 105

    21.8 103

    12.91

    2.81 10-4

    1.20 10-6

    1.29 10-6

    2.78 10-

    2.11 10-4

    44

    44.7 10-2

    2.11 10-1

    2.81 10-2

    1.66 10-5

    1.013

    4.33.10-3

    4.65.10-3

    3600

    0.760

    1.58.105

    1611

    760

    101

    6.10-2

    1.33

    5.70.10-3

    6.12.10-3

    4727

    1.32

    2.08.105

    2.05.105

    2119

    1.103

    133

    78.8.10-3

    g/a
    (F12.20C)

    6.39.10-6

    2.27.10-2

    6.31.10-6

    4.80.10-6

    10.2.10-3

    4.8.10-3

    6.39.10-4

    37.9.10-8

    g/a
    (F12.25C)

    6.50.10-6

    4.88.10-6

    10.4.10-3

    4.89.10-3

    6.5.10-4

    38.5.10-8

    m.cfm

    6.28.10-4

    2.69.10-6

    2.89 . 10-6

    2.24

    6.21.10-4

    4.72.10-4

    98.16

    96.58

    0.472

    6.28.10-2

    37.2.10-6

    Lusec

    1.33.10-3

    5.70.10-6

    6.12.10-6

    4.737

    1.32.10-3

    1.10-3

    208

    205

    2.12

    13.3.10-2

    78.8.10-6

    Pa.l/s

    1.10-2

    4.28.10-5

    4.59.10-5

    35.54

    9.87.10-3

    7.5.10-3

    1.56.103

    1.54.103

    15.93

    7.50

    59.2.10-5

    slpm

    16.88

    72.15.10-3

    77.45.10-3

    60.08.103

    16.67

    12.69

    2.64.106

    2.60.106

    26.9.103

    12.7.103

    16.9.102

    mbar.I/s

    Cm3/h
    (NTP)
    cm3/s (NTP)

    Torr.1/s

    kgh-1
    (20 C)

    mbar l/s

    cm3 (NTP)=1

    cm3 under

    1
    normal condition (T=273.15K; P=1013.25 mbar)
    NTP=Normal temperature and pressure (1atm; 0 C) R=83.14 mbar.1.mol-1. K-1
    1cm3 (NTP) h-1 = 1 atm. cm3. h-1 = Ncm3. h-1 = 1 std cch
    1sccm=10-3 slpm=10-3 N.I.min-1=60sccs
    SI-System kohrent: 1 pa.m3. s-1 = 10 mbar.1.s-1; R=8.314 pa.m3.mol-1.K-1 ;M in kg / mol
    1 cm3 (NTP) . s-1= 1 sccs = 60cm3 (NTP). Min-1 60 SCCM =60 Std ccm = 60 Ncm 3. min-1
    1 lusec =1 l..s.-1 1.=1 micron =10-3 Torr 1 lusec = 10-3 Torr.I.s-1
    Freon F 12 (CC12FC) M=120.92 g.mol-1; Luft M=28.96g. Mol-1
    Achtung: Anglo-amerikanische Einheiten werden uneinheitlich abgekrzt! Beispiel: Standard cubic centimeter per minute sccm = sccpm = std ccm = std ccpm

    Thank you for listening

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