IMPROVING STUDENTS SPEAKING SKILL TROUGHT ANIMATION MOVIE AT SIXTH GRADE

SDN 002 UJUNGBATU KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU PROVINSI RIAU

Rosdalina*), Pipit Rahayu), Eripuddin)

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memecahkan masalah yang ditemukan dalam studi pendahuluan. Masalah
penelitian yang dirumuskan adalah "Bagaimana film sebagai media meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara?"
Penelitian ini dilakukan di SDN 002 Ujungbatu, dengan jumlah lima belas siswa . Penelitian ini difokuskan pada
peningkatan kemampuan berbicara siswa dengan menggunakan film sebagai media. Penelitian ini menggunakan
Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK ) sebagai metode penelitian. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas enam
SDN 002 Ujungbatu yang terdiri dari lima belas siswa. Langkah-langkah prosedur penelitian, yaitu:
Pendahuluan ( perencanaan , pelaksanaan, observasi , dan refleksi ) dan analisis data. Analisis data yang
digunakan data kuantitatif yang diperoleh dari tes. Peneliti menggunakan scoring rubrik untuk mengukur hasil
kemapuan siswa, dan kemudian menghitung nilai rata-rata.
Kata kunci : Keterampilan Berbicara, Film animasi sebagai media, dan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas.
This study aimed to solve the problems that were found in preliminary study. The research problem that was
formulated How can movie as media improve the speaking skill? This research was conducted in SDN 002
UJUNGBATU, and the numbers of students were fiffteen. This research focussed on improving students
speaking achievement by using movie as media. This study used Classroom Action Research (CAR) as the
research method. The subject of this study was the sixth grade students of SDN 002 Ujungbatu that consist of
fifteen students. The steps of research procedure, they were: preliminary study (planning, implementing,
observing, and reflecting) and data analysis. The data analysis used quantitative data that was obtained from the
test. The researcher used scoring rubric to measure the students score, and then calculate the mean score.
Key words: Speaking Skill, Movie As Media, and Classroom Action Research.
1.

Background of the problem

English is a subject that esenstial to be learned,

because most of the information and technology
are using English, for example in education,
commerce, and daily activities, news, computer,
and others. As an international language English is
an asset to communicate to the people in
worldwide. Its easy to learn, easy to understand.
Those make the user easy to applay the technology.
Meanwhile English is easy to learn, some people
have not been able to use the English language in
speaking as well.
Indonesian people still have not be able to
speak English as well, convey information or
explain something in English. They still can not be
categories as the good users. As one of skill in
English, speaking that must be mastered in English,
speaking is a way for make to communicate with
each other, and speaking is also one of language
that must to be share to others. Indonesia is one of
the country that low of English speaking specially
in education.
Based on the syllabus of KTSP on
Educational Unit Grade Curriculum, speaking skill
is intended to make the students to speak in front of
the class so that they involve actively during
teaching learning process, as the active skill,
speaking is also intended to make the students are
able to speak independenlty as in the public speech
*Hp : 081371651851
e-mail : [email protected]

or to speak with other as in the debate or

discussion. As the statement, speaking is need to
practice continuously to martered the speaking.
This reseach focus to the elementary school,
that almost the students do not speak English well
in English subject, some students do not get the
point or the meaning when an English teacher
speak to them, or when the teacher ask them to
giving an information about the movie or picture by
using English and they do not speak English
because they do not know what they would to
speak, even their school was base of international
school. In fact the learning process in English
subject will not running well.
This case is because of lack of vocabulary of
students, pronounce, structure, and many others.
Most of them still combine the English language
and Indonesia language. It is can be the big
problem for the teacher to make the students
understand about speaking in English well to
giving some information.
The media is also the problems that found it
this case, the media is also one an important thing
that the teacher uses on teaching. But most of the
teachers always using monoton media like white
board, picture, and other.
At sixth grade of SDN 002 Ujungbatu, there
are 98 students, 10% who knows English well and

to knows speak English well than others students is

just 5%. How the author knows about this, it was
taken obseved in the field.
There were some problems that make the
students low in speaking, lack of vocabulary it can
be seen when the students speak something they
usually use the same word, they do not know else.
And also the confident of the students, if the
teacher asked to them to describing something in
front of the class they just nervous.
Lack of Pronunciation is of the factors
students do not speak english well, example when
they want to say sea, its like she, this problems are
found in the last level of elementary school As we
know if the students in the great sixth automatically
they know what the meaning and they can speak
English well better than 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 grade but
the real students of the great 6 in the 002 Ujungbatu
elementary school still lack in speaking English
specially to give information to other people.
The problems is also found in media that
using by the teachers, most teachers are using
monoton media like whiteboard, and some teachers
is only using the picture on the books, text book,
etc.
Based on the problems the reaseacher take
the animation movie as the media to improve the
speaking skill of the students in Elementary school,
because according to the Finicchiaro (in Rafikadilla
:2013) mention some type of media in general.
There are audio, visual, and audiovisual, and it is
helps teachers to teachs the leaners in the
classroom, Animation is included in audiovisual
media. Animation movie is also media which
showing the audio and video. In addition according
to Meanwhile, Willinghams reseach ( in
Mateer:2011) found that audiovisual media helps
students easy achieve the concept of material
learning.
2.

Review of Related Theories

2.1. The Nature of Speaking Skill
Chaney (in Ayu; 2007), considered
speaking a process: speaking is the process of
building and sharing meaning through the use of
verbal or non-verbal symbols in a variety of
contexts Sharing the same view point, some expert
from Florez (in Liao; 2009) added that speaking is
an interactive process, which consists of three
main stages producing, receiving and processing
information.its mean that speaking is a process
someone to sharing their ideas or information.
In language teaching and learning,
speaking is considered a skill to practice and
master. In this light, put it that speaking is the
productive oral skill. It consists of producing
systematic verbal utterance to convey meaning.

Also considering speaking as a skill, by gate

(Liao2009) investigated the distinction between
knowledge and skill in speaking lesson, which he
considered as crucial in the teaching of speaking.
Indeed, to be a good learner of speaking, studying
knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation,
intonation, etc. is not enough but the skill to use
this knowledge to communicate successfully is
indispensable.
So, the resecher conclude even all the
experts above has differences concepts of speaking
but all of them has same understanding about
speaking itself, Speaking is an action, a process and
a skill of someone to communicate to other people
for sharing information.

2.2. Elements of Speaking Skill

In this study, the term speaking will be
used to refer to a skill related to language teaching
and learning by gate (Liao: 2009) there are some
elements of speaking skill.
a.

Accuracy
Recognizably, accuracy is one of the
most important criteria to measure ones
linguistic ability and to shelter language
users from communication break downs.
According to Richards (in Ayu: 2007),
accuracy concerns the ability to produce
grammatically correct sentence. In other
words, accuracy in language means
grammatical accuracy only. Nevertheless,
in Thorn bury (in Ayu: 2000), the terms
accuracy seems to cover more than that.
Specifically, speaking English accurately
means doing without or with few errors on
not only grammar but vocabulary and
pronunciation, as well. He also set the
clear scale for assessment of accuracy.
b. Grammar
Students use correct words order,
tenses, tense agreement, etc. Students do
not leave out articles, prepositions, or
difficult tenses.
c. Vocabulary
Students have a range of vocabulary
that corresponds to the syllabus year list
and uses words you have taught
d. Pronunciation
Students speak and most people
understand. Even broader than that, Lim
(Liao: 2009) defined accuracy as the
ability to use correct forms in which
utterances do not contain errors affecting
phonological, syntactic, semantic and
discourse features of the language.
e. Fluency
Fluency is also used as a criterion to
measure ones speaking competence.

Speaking fluently means being able to

communicate ones ideas without having
to stop and think too much about what one
is saying.
2.3. Teaching Speaking
According Nunan (in Putri:2013) teaching
speaking sometimes considered a simple process.
Although speaking is totally natural, speaking in
language in other than our own is anything but
simple, It means even though speaking is natural,
the teacher are suggested to simplify the way they
teach speaking, because it is not our native
language.
Taught speaking by having students repeat
sentences and recite memorized textbooks
dialoguesit was done by people for many years.
And also teaching speaking involved providing
students with components of language, hoping that
they would eventually put them all together and
speak. So the students might spend several times
repeating after the teacher, studying grammar rules,
reciting dialogues, and learning vocabulary.
Besides, Nunan (2003:53-56)
principles for teaching speaking
1.

suggest

five

Teacher must be aware of differences

between second language and foreign
language in he learning context,

2.

The teacher should give students practice

with both fluency and accuracy,

3.

The teacher also provide opportunities for

the students to talk by using group work or
pair work, and limiting teacher talk.

4.

The teacher must make he plan of the

speaking tasks that involve negotiation for
meaning and also design appropriate
classroom to facilitate students to speak.

Here also some suggestions for English language

teachers while teaching oral language by Kayi
(4:2006)
1. Provide maximum opportunity to students to
speak the target language by providing a rich
environment that contains collaborative
work, authentic materials and tasks, and
shared knowledge.
2. Try to involve each student in every speaking
activity; for this aim, practice different ways
of student participation.
3. Reduce teacher speaking time in class while
increasing student speaking time. Step back
and observe students.
4. Indicate positive signs when commenting on
a student's response.

5.

Ask eliciting questions such as "What do you

mean? How did you reach that conclusion?"
in order to prompt students to speak more.
6. Provide written feedback like "Your
presentation was really great. It was a good
job. I really appreciated your efforts in
preparing the materials and efficient use of
your voice"
7. Do not correct students' pronunciation
mistakes very often while they are speaking.
Correction should not distract student from
his or her speech.
8. Involve speaking activities not only in class
but also out of class; contact parents and
other people who can help.
9. Circulate around classroom to ensure that
students are on the right track and see
whether they need your help while they work
in groups or pairs.
10. Provide the vocabulary before hand that
students need in speaking activities.
11. Diagnose problems faced by students who
have difficulty in expressing themselves in
the target language and provide more
opportunities to practice the spoken
language.
According to Ur (1996) there are three criteria
of successful teaching speaking, are:
1.

Learner talks a lot. As much as

possible of period of time allotted the
activity is in fat occupied by the
learner talk
2. Participation is even. Classroom
discussion is not dominated by
minority of talkative participants; all
get chance to speak; and contributions
are fairly evenly distributed
3. Motivation is high. Learners are eager
to speak because they are interested in
the topic and have something new to
say about it, or because they want to
contribute to achieve the task
objectives
In conclusion, the teacher is called
successful in teaching speaking if her learners talk
a lot, active and eager to speak in the classroom. In
short, the English teacher should be able to create a
classroom environment where the students have
real communication, authentic and meaningful task
to promote oral language, and also other is no real
communication in monolingual classroom.
2.4. The Nature of Animation Movie
Language is a set of sound (or in the case
of sign language, sign) and sentence patterns that
express meaning. In English learning, students
learn four language skills are speaking, writing,
listening and reading. Not forever, teaching the

students in object or event actually or on the

contrary.
Finicchiaro (in Rafikadilla:2013) mention
some type of media in general. There are audio,
visual, and audiovisual. Salomon (2013) states that
people learn abstract and new concept more easy
when they are presented in both verbal and visual
form. In addition, audivisual media make concepts
more accessible and help with later recall,
Cowen(in Rafikadilla:2013)
Animation movie is included in
audiovisual media. According to Bordwell
(Akmala; 2011), animated or animation movie are
distinguished from live-action ones by the unusual
kinds of work that are done at production stage.
Animation movie do not continuously filming
outdoor action in the real time, but they create a
series of images by shooting one frame at a time.
Line with Thompson (Akmala; 2011) state that
animation movie is kind of film which involve
sound, recording a series of draing of manipulating
in animate object, one frame is one time.
Meanwhile, Willinghams reseach (in
Mateer:2011) found that audiovisual media helps
students easy achieve the concept of material
learning. However teacher needs other sources to
submit the message of material. By using animation
movie can submit message of material well. The
use of animation movie provides a rich context
which students can improve comprehension and
practice. Chapple and Curtis (in Rafikadila:2013)
state that the movie is also so richin action and
visual aids that it is appropriate for listening and
speaking activities such as describing scenes and
actions.
It was fun for watching movie in the class,
so the classroom atmosphere was enjoyable and
made them more ready to learn. According to
Brown (1983:233), movie is the most widely
applicable and powerful among the resources for
teaching and learning since it has unique capacity
to communicate, to influence, and to inform.
While students were watching the movie, directly
they got some experiences from the movie and it
influenced their understanding and thinking.
English movie had big contribution for
the students in learning English, as like how the
native speaker pronounce the words, how they
mimic their face, and also they will see how the
native speaker use body language when they are
speaking. Animation movie is also introduce
students to some English vocabularies, how to
pronoun, and how to spell, how to giving
information.
Animation movie as the media can give
students a way to speak. In developing students
spoken English, it is the best to give students
practice in being able to say a lot using small
number of words by applaying animation movie.
According to Fernandez (in Devi: 2012) animation

is the process mastery, but also the problems also

come from of recording and playing back a
sequence of the classroom situations.
Moreover, it makes students focused to
the material learning in order to the students
understood and develops their ability to speak
English well. This media is interesting to use by the
teacher to teach the students. Teacher can improve
students ability about material learning by using
some media as tools of learning, such as a short
movie, cartoon movie, blockbuster movie. By using
this media, students can see more information
about material. For example, teacher teaches the
students about daily activities of the main
characters, people, and adjective, etc.
To teaching speaking by using Animation
Movie can be improve the students speaking skill.
To speak and see communication and action, Edge,
Julian (Devi: 2012). That matter is indicated from
two indicators of animation movie itself.
Animation Movie can present language in those
are:
1. first which is viewed from lively way.
Animation movie facilitates in the learning
of speaking and second which is foreign
Language. Thus, it can increase the viewed
from the situation of the class. Students'
interest and motivation easily.
2. Animation movie From the result of preobservation can also be used as a means of
writer found problem indicators dealing
with communication.
There some targets language that reaseacher
would find in teaching speaking through animation
are:
a. Students through movie can be able to
spell words correctly;
b. Most of good alternative technique in
teaching to students miss pronounce some
English words; young learner. Due to the
video as facilitate in
c. The students got difficulties in grasping
the learning of foreign language,
animation is meaning of words and
sentences;
d. The students got one of many kind of
video that can be media to difficulties in
recognizing words. by movie students can
speak up orally
However, study speaking skills throught
animation movie, makes students more ready to the
low to be improcve of the students' speaking skill.
Communicate in the target language.
3.

Research Design

The design of this research was classroom

action research. Susanto (Norma: 2013) says that
classroom action research is a research about
implementation of teaching and learning in the

classroom. It is an approach employed by a teacher

and conducted with one or more researchers to
improve the quality of education by first getting an
evaluation from the unsuccessful previous study.
The participants of this reseach were the grade
sixth students of state elementary school of 002
Ujungbatu.this reseach the reseacher also was
accompanied by a collaborator. In collecting data,
the reseacher applied some intruments, there were:
1. Test
Speaking skill test was based on the scoring
scale in the theory of teaching speaking skill
studied before. It has given to the students in every
meeting to measure the students improvement in
their speaking skill.
Table 1. Scoring Scale
Range of the scores
1
2
3
Poor
Fair
Average
Poor Fair
Average
Poor
Fair
Average
Poor
Fair
Average
Poor
Fair
Average

Speaking skills
Accent
Grammar
Vocabulary
Fluetly
Comprehension

4
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good

5
Exelent
Exelent
Exelent
Exelent
Exelent

the reseacher made oral test to explain the students

progress in speaking skill that students got during
activities.
2. Observation
During the observation process, the researcher
used observation sheet and field note instrument.
Observation sheet and field note were made by the
researcher before conducting the research. In this
research, the data were collected through
observation and field note which done by the
collaborator.
3.

Field notes

This activity has been done by the

collaborator. In this research, field notes were used
to know the situation and the activities during the
teaching and learning process, such as how the
teachers carry out the material and the students
response about the material given. The form of the
fill note was an empty of paper which notes all the
events during the activities at the classroom
running.
4. Interview
This interview has been done by the researcher
to the students and teacher to collected the
qualitative data. According Eko (2012: 40) explains
that interview is a dialogue process orally between
interviewer with respondent or interviewee in order
to get information which needed by researcher. So,
Interview is a way to collect the data that directly

from it resource about some of social effects; latent

and visible.
5.

Video

In this research, video is used to know the

situation and the activities during the teaching
and learning process, such as how the students
practice their speaking skill infront of the class.
The form of the record is a video which show all
the events during the activities at the classroom
running.
4. Finding and Discussion
1. Findings
This reseacher presents and describes the
findings of the reseach. It is answer two reseach
questions of the: How animation movie can
improve speaking skill at the sixth grade students
of SDN 002 Ujungbatu Rokan Hulu Riau? and
what factors do influence the change in the
proscess of students speaking skill of animation
movie at sixth grade students of SDN 002
Ujungbatu Rokan Hulu Riau?
1.

The extent of animation movie improve

students speaking skill

By looking at the data analysis gained during

two cyles, it can be said that numbered heads
together could improve the students speaking skill.
It was supported by results of the students
speaking test in each meeting. Students speaking
skill improved significantly from base score Cyle 1
and cyle 2. There the data that the reseacher got
students speaking skill in every cyle in each
Indicators.
Data collated about the Improvement of the
students speaking proficiency in each
component from the Average of speaking skill in
every Cycle
No

Indicator of
Speaking

The Average
of Speaking
Skill Cycle I

The Average of
Speaking Skill
Cycle II

Accent

47.22

48.70

Grammar

50.57

52.91

Vocabulary

59.02

63.34

Fluency

52.24

55.19

Comprehension

60.88

64.06

meetings showed an improvement: from (60, 88) in

the average of speaking test in cycle I to (64, 06).

Table 17
The Level of the Students speaking skill based
on their Average Score

No

Indicators of
Speaking Skill

The Average of
Speaking Skill
Cycle I

The Average of
Speaking Skill
Cycle II

Accent

AVERAGE

AVERAGE

Grammar

AVERAGE

AVERAGE

Vocabulary

AVERAGE

GOOD

Fluency

AVERAGE

AVERAGE

Comprehension

AVERAGE

GOOD

2.

a. Some Factors influence the improvement of

students speaking skill
1.

The increase of the students speaking

Proficiency in each component in percentage from
the average in every cycle as can be seen in from
Diagram below:
The Improvement of Students
indicators in each component.

Speaking

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Cycle I

Cycle II

From the data above, it can be understood

that their accent became better from the average of
speaking test in cycle I (47, 22) to (44, 70) in the
average of speaking test in cycle II. It can be read
that the students mastery on grammar better
improved from (50, 57) in the average of speaking
test in cycle I to(52, 91) in the average of speaking
test in cycle II. According the data above there was
an increase on the students mastery in vocabulary:
from (59, 02) in the average of speaking test in
cycle I to (63, 34) in the average of speaking test in
cycle II. Their fluency in pronouncing words and
sentences became better: from (52, 24) in the
average of speaking test in cycle I to (55, 19) in the
average of speaking test in cycle II. The last, the
students comprehension throughout the three

The factors that influence the change

of students speaking skill through
animation movie.

Animation movie

The selection of the animation was given to

students also influenced i increasing of students
speaking skill, in this case, because the students are
elementarylevel and still children. in fact,
animation movie as a way to improve students
speaking skill that the reseacher conducted really
helped the students. And the reseacher tried to find
and selecction the animation movie that related to
the material and could made the students speak up
infront of the class and the material was easy to
understand by the students.
2.

Material

The materials that they have also take the

influences in the Improvement of students
proficiency. In this case, the materials were also
about activities in their real live. So, the animation
movie that related to the material about daily live
activities that the researcher conducted was really
helped the students to increase their skill in
speaking and it can be seen from the improvement
of their speaking proficiency in every cycle
3. Discussion
The improvement of students speaking skill
in every cycle was also influenced by the
discussion that the students did in their group of
work. In this discussion, the students sharing about
the topic means until they try to increase their
comprehending about the topic by answering the
question related to the topic that they has.
4. Practicing
The improvement of the students speaking
skill in every cycle was also influenced by
practicing. From interview that the researcher did
to the students it can be seen that the students
always practicing their topic was not only in
classroom but also in their home, and sometimes
they ask their friends to listen to their topic before
their presented in front of the class.
5. Teacher
In this case, the teacher tried to give a model
to the students to present their topic and how to
pronounce some difficult words

5.CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATION AND

SUGGESTION
5.1. Conclusion
Based on the result of the research or
findings, it can be concluded that:
1.

Animation Movie as media helpful

teaching and learning process and
made the students motivated and
actively involved in speaking activity
2.
Animation Movieas media helped the
students develop better activities in
students
3.
Animation Movie could minimized
the students passiveness in the
process of teaching and learning to
speak
Besides, it can be concluded that there
were some factors influences the change of
students speaking skill by using Animation Movie
based on the Current syllabus, and to know those
factors, the reseacher got from the interview.
a. Some Factors influence the improvement of
students speaking skill
1.

Animation movie

The selection of the animation was given to

students also influenced i increasing of students
speaking skill, in this case, because the students are
elementarylevel and still children. in fact,
animation movie as a way to improve students
speaking skill that the reseacher conducted really
helped the students. And the reseacher tried to find
and selecction the animation movie that related to
the material and could made the students speak up
infront of the class and the material was easy to
understand by the students.
2.

4. Practicing
The improvement of the students speaking
skill in every cycle was also influenced by
practicing. From interview that the researcher did
to the students it can be seen that the students
always practicing their topic was not only in
classroom but also in their home, and sometimes
they ask their friends to listen to their topic before
their presented in front of the class.
5. Teacher
In this case, the teacher tried to give a model
to the students to present their topic and how to
pronounce some difficult words
By Animation Movie, the students
had a topic choosen by the teacher. This research
discovered that the implication of this Animation
Movie can better improve the students speaking
skill at the sixth grade at SDN 002 Ujungbatu in
2014-2015 academic years. The improvement of
the students speaking skill can be gained after
applying Animation Movie within six meetings in
two cycles. The improvement can be seen from the
Improvement score of the students speaking test
result in cycle I until cycle II, in the observation
sheets, field notes and speaking test, while the
improvement of students speaking can be seen
from the Improvement of indicators percentage
form cycle I until cycle II in observation checklist
5.2. Implication
The finding and the conclusions of this
research have some implications. The implications
are as follow:
1.

To the researcher herself:

a.

She
should
consider
applying
Animation Movie in the process of
teaching learning to speak at other
classes

Material

The materials that they have also take the

influences in the Improvement of students
proficiency. In this case, the materials were also
about activities in their real live. So, the animation
movie that related to the material about daily live
activities that the researcher conducted was really
helped the students to increase their skill in
speaking and it can be seen from the improvement
of their speaking proficiency in every cycle
3. Discussion
The improvement of students speaking skill
in every cycle was also influenced by the
discussion that the students did in their group of
work. In this discussion, the students sharing about
the topic means until they try to increase their
comprehending about the topic by answering the
question related to the topic that they has.

b.

2.

She should consider adopting relevant

Animation Movies as the speaking
teaching materials

to the teaching of the speaking at the

Elementary school:
a.
b.

c.

the Animation Movie can be an alternative

media to teaching speaking.
the use of Animation Movie in this case
can be the model of developing teaching
speaking.
to the English curriculum for SDN this
media can be as an input for designing
basic competencies and teaching materials
at any level of teaching English.

5.3. Suggestion
Based on the conclusions and the
implication above, there some suggestions that
might be useful for English teachers in the teaching
of speaking. The suggestions are:
1.

It is expected that English teachers at the

Elementary school Students to implement
Animation Movie in the teaching of
speaking and improve students speaking
skill.

2.

It is suggested that English teachers at

Elemntary school students to be creative
in designing speaking teaching phase and
speaking
teaching
materials
for
developing the students speaking skill
and their motivation

3.

It is also hoped that English teacher at

Elementary school, students to explore
other more helpful and useful speaking
teaching media to make the students have
much more talk-time in learning English
and have much chance in expressing
themselves in speaking activity

At last, because of the limitation of the

research, further and longer studies about the
implication of Animation Movie are highly
recommended to investigate whether these media
can be a solving problem at the other classes or
other institutions.
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