Drainage Report PDF
Drainage Report PDF
Drainage Report PDF
This project output was created with Cities Alliance grant funding.
Submitted by:
Head office:
302, Building No 3
Sona Appartment,
Kaushalya Park
Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
Project office:
Room No-313,
Agra Nagar Nigam
Agra, 282002
Uttar Pradesh
CONTENT
Chapters:
Page No
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background
1.2. Agra
1.3. Taj East Drain
6-8
6
7
8
10-14
10
10
10
11
13
14
15-38
15
19
20
23
26
28
28
29
32
34
35
39
39
40
40
42
43-77
43
43
43
44
46
59
59
59
6 PROJECT MANAGEMENT
6.1 Project Implementation Mechanism
6.1.1 Implementing Agency
6.1.2 Construction cum Management Contract
6.1.3 Solid Waste Management-Amendments to the Existing Contract
6.1.4 Community Mobilization
6.1.5 Community Contracting Arrangements
6.1.6 Technical Support
6.2
Monitoring TEDIP
6.2.1 Monitoring Indicators
6.3
Institutional Mechanisms at the City Level
6.4
Capacity Building
6.5
Reform Implementation
6.6
Phasing and Timeline
78-84
78
78
78
78
79
79
79
79
80
82
82
82
83
85
COST ESTIMATES
99
ANNEXURE:
101
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Total Station Survey maps of Taj East Drain with drainage sections.
Slum TSS maps joined along with TED
Social Maps developed through site mapping and community consultations.
HH survey formats used for slum survey along with data collected in 17 slums.
Location map of water samples and the testing results
6. Details of community meetings in various segments
7. Total catchment area map of Taj East Drain.
142
Sl No
Heads
Details
List of Maps
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Map 1:
Map 2:
Map 3:
Map 4:
Map 5:
Map 6:
Map 7:
Map 8:
Map 9:
Map 10:
Map 11:
Map 12:
Map 13:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Table 1:
Table 2:
Table 3:
Table 4:
Table 5:
Table 6:
Table 7:
Table 8:
Table 9:
Table 10:
Table 11:
Table 12:
1.
2.
3.
Box 1:
Box 2:
Box 3:
4.
5.
6.
Box 4:
Box 5
Box 6
7.
8.
Box 7:
Box 8:
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1. Background:
Uttar Pradesh is urbanizing much more slowly than other parts of India. At 11.8%, its urban population is
one-third of the average urban population of India (31.6%, Census, 2011). Even though urban population
may be growing slowly, cities such as Agra, that are the nerve centres of the State are growing very
rapidly.
Urbanization, if unplanned, has collateral problems - of municipal service infrastructure and delivery. Of
these, sewage and waste water collection, conveyance and disposal, can be critical to urban
development and growth and with significant impact on the quality of lives of people. As cities grow,
local authorities, unable to keep pace with increasing demand, fall into a service deficiency cycle with
inadequate infrastructure with decreasing coverage, inefficient sewage management systems with
reducing capacity. Poor sewage management has downstream environmental impact as the untreated
grey and black waters are directly discharged into water bodies.
Agra is the most populous and fast growing city of UP. It has a population of 1,686,976 (Census 2011) of
which more than 50% are estimated to live in settlements and low-income settlements without access
to adequate basic urban services. Agra is also the 20th most polluted city of India as per the National
Sanitation Survey of Indian Cities, ranking 113 among 423 cities and scoring just 39.51/100 on the
sanitation indicators.
The city economy is significantly linked to tourism with focus on the Taj Mahal, UP Tourism the key
stakeholder is working for diversification of tourism in Agra. UP Tourism is keen in developing various
tourism products with focus on integrated development which will enrich the visitor experience in the
city, like developing heritage walks, community based rural tourism options, beautification of tourist
areas, providing visitor amenities, signage etc. The vicinities of the Taj Mahal are the key priority of the
department which needs to be developed and improved wholitically.
The Centre for Urban and Regional Excellence (CURE), a development NGO, has been working in Agra
since 2005, engaging with all settlement communities for inclusive Citywide Settlement Upgrading
Planning in partnership with ANN and DUDA. The Citywide Settlement Upgrading Plan for Agra (CSUP)
that has been developed for Agra is a strategic plan that is located within the macro-development
context of the city and aims to mainstream settlement development within the citys overall
development, in particular for sanitation improvement. CURE has also implemented several sanitation
solutions in the city settlements; construction of toilets and drains and has built the first decentralized
solution for wastewater treatment (DEWAT) on the Kuchpura drain. CURE has been approached by UP
Tourism Department for developing a plan for the preparation of an inclusive development plan for the
improvement and management of the Taj East Drain in Agra.
CURE has put together a team of professionals for the development of the Taj East Drain Improvement
Plan (TEDIP). The team includes environmental engineers, urban planners, architects, community
development specialists, civil engineers, wastewater management experts, GIS, and Total Station Survey
specialists.
1.2. Agra
The city of Agra is situated on the western bank of river Yamuna and NH-2 at about 250 km from Delhi.
Agra is geographically located at 27.12 East longitudes. Its altitude is 169 meters above sea level on the
North it is bounded by Mathura District. On the south it is bounded by Dhaulpur District, on the east by
Firozabad and on the west it is bounded by Bharatpur. River Yamuna enters the city from its North East
corner, flows south for some distance, then turns east. The general city slope thus moves from west to
east in the CIS Yamuna area on the right bank of the river. The city stretches for about 9 km along the
Yamuna River.
Agra has an extreme and tropical climate with maximum temperatures during peak summer rising to 47
degree Celsius and minimum dropping to 3 degree Celsius in winter. The city receives moderate to high
rainfall with an average yearly rainfall of about 686mm. The ground levels at Agra vary from Road Level
(RL) 150m to 170m. The strata comprise mainly sandy soil. The subsoil water level is generally 6 to 8m
below ground level.
Agra, the city of Tajmahal,
is a global tourist
destination whose huge
tourism growth potential
is largely untapped. The
main obstacle to realizing
Agras growth potential is
its poor infrastructure
and inefficient services, in
particular sanitation.
Agra is categorised by
JNNURM as a category B,
albeit important City due
to
its
world-class
architectural
heritage.
JNNURM is assisting Agra
to improve its urban
infrastructure and service
delivery,
and
to
implement institutional
Map of Agra
and structural reforms for
Map 1: City Map of Agra
sustainable
urban
development. Agra is also a Mission City for Rajiv Avas Yojna (RAY), aimed at becoming settlement free
by creating access to affordable housing with urban services for the poor. The Agra Municipal
Corporation or the Nagar Nigam (ANN) along with the District Urban Development Agency (DUDA) is the
nodal agency implementing JNNURM and RAY.
JNNURM is funding the laying down of sewer lines and treatment facilities in Agra. Although the plan is
to, in a phased manner, connect the entire city to underground sewerage with treatment capacity,
several challenges still remain. Of all the sanitation challenges, those that involve improvement of the
various city drains, is critical.
1.3. Taj East Drain
Taj Mahal and its surroundings are significant tourist destinations and are state priority. It is important
to improve the sanitation conditions in this area, both to enhance its tourism potential, and to protect
the area from environment degradation.
Taj East Drain is a primary city storm
water drain that passes through Tajganj
area. It is located to the east of the Taj
Mahal and carries untreated waste water
from several settlements upstream to
River Yamuna. It is one of the most
polluted and malodorous drains in the
city, discouraging tourism and impacting
the health of people living along the
drain.
Taj East drain is 4.4 kms in length.
Originally a natural storm water drain, it
has over the years, from pressures of a
growing city, inadequate infrastructure
and neglect is used to convey both
sewage and storm water.
Taj East drain has a catchment area of
approximately 815 hectares. It carries
large volumes of sewage and both liquid
and solid wastes that have become septic
and are creating highly odorous
conditions around the Taj Mahal that
deter tourists from moving around in the
area and provide unhygienic living
conditions of the residents in the area.
There are 17 low-income settlements along the drains edge. The area also has some of the most
luxurious hotels in the city such as the Amar Vilas and Mughal Sheraton besides traditional Mughal
residential areas or Katras. There are some middle-income residential areas also in the Tajganj area. Taj
East drain conveys both solid and liquid waste water that is generated from these populations bit also
from settlements much beyond the drain catchment area. It is estimated that waste water in the drain
must be generated from approximately 800001 people residing in wards 70, 71, 74, 80 and parts of 72
and 89.
For discharge in the taj East Drain, the population of the entire drainage zone is considered, though our physical
intervention project area is limited located along the stretch of Taj East Drain only.
The Taj East drain was laid nearly 50 years ago to serve as a storm water drain. Its conditions today are
abysmal. Besides being heavily silted, its walls and edges have crumbled and pose a danger to residents.
Large quantities of solid waste is generated and dumped into the drain obstructing the natural flow of
wastewater and hence its organic and spontaneous renewal capacity. Routine dredging of the drain has
only served to create mountains of waste on either side of the drain. New developments alongside the
drain have encroached upon it and paving of the sides has resulted in increased run offs.
Taj East drain carries storm water, surface run offs, sewage and non-sewage waste water, solid and
cattle waste. Almost 85% of all household toilets in the low-income settlements along the drain directly
or through shallow surface drains discharge fecal matter directly into the drain. Trade waste both liquid
and solid also flows through the drain. Besides creating highly unsanitary conditions, the drain floods
every monsoon causing loss of life and property. Over the years, it has also silted reducing its carrying
capacity and increasing the incidence of flooding.
Sewer lines are being laid in the area but are expected to cover only about 60% of households in the
area along the drain. These are however, yet to be made operational. A Sewage Pumping Station (SPS)
has been constructed on the drain at Kolhai which when operational shall pump all grey and black waste
water till Kolhai, conveying it to the Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP) at Dhanadupura. There is as yet, no
plan to treat wastewater downstream of Kolhai. While downstream collects wastewater from 2 large
settlement settlements, 2 katras at the south gate of Taj Mahal, and a few middle income residential
area. There is no regular solid waste collection system in the area and garbage is usually dumped into
the drain. Waste generated from trade/livelihood activities along the drain is also disposed off into the
drain.
Over the years, lack of regular maintenance and /or addressing the root causes of pollution in the drain
has led to considerable deterioration that is negatively impacting the health of people and tourism in
the area.
In recognition of the urgent need to improve the sanitation conditions of this area, UP Tourism has
decided to design and implement an inclusive drain improvement plan for the Taj East drain and to use
both conventional and unconventional technologies to comprehensively address the problems in the
area. The plan is aimed at improving both the inside of the drain (treatment of waste water) and the
urban living spaces on either side of the drain through settlement upgrading and landscaping the
surrounding areas. It is also hoped to reclaim some of the areas for city/ community purpose in this
process.
Preparing the plan and design for the improvement of the Taj East Drain through a process of
community and key stakeholder engagement for sustainable environment interventions;
Developing a comprehensive and integrated plan with design solutions that shall address the full
range of sanitation problems of the drain and along its neighbourhood areas with environmentfriendly, appropriate technology and cost effective options;
Using both conventional and unconventional technologies and environmental interventions for
the rehabilitation of the drain such as de-silting, networking, capacity augmentation,
decentralized treatment systems, on-site sanitation services in the low income communities,
augmentation of self purification capacity of trunk sewers/rising mains and open channels, etc.
Aesthetically improving the area through landscaping solutions to create community spaces;
Improving the housing and living conditions of households living along the drain to bring about a
reduction in sanitation-based illnesses; and
Setting up community-implementation and management systems at different points of the drain
for sustainable micro solutions.
2.2 Processes for Development the Taj East Drain Improvement Plan (TEDIP)
Taj East Drain Improvement Plan (TEDIP) has been prepared using participatory and inclusive planning
processes. Besides engaging the community in discussions and involving them in the process of
planning, CURE has generated and used large amounts of primary and secondary data to understand the
Taj East drain and to plan solutions.
2.2.1 Secondary Information
CURE has used relevant information about the drainage and sewerage characteristics of the Taj East
drain (TED); maps with detailed information of existing drainage and sewage system, topology,
precipitation patterns and climate, and proposed land use from Agra Master Plan 2021. The Agra
Sewage System Master Plan has been reviewed to analyze the existing and proposed system for sewage
in the Tajganj area. Information was also collated on the ongoing development work packages for drain
and sewer line laying and their status. Future proposals for services to the Tajganj area were also
mapped.
10
Primary Information
Large amount of primary data has also been generated for the development of the Plan.
Technical Map of the Drain
The entire Taj East Drain with row of building structures on either side has been mapped using Total
Status Survey (TSS). This has helped generate information about its land topography, physical
infrastructure, details of the drain in terms of length, width, depth and slope. It also includes levels of
built components along the drain such as houses, shops, hotels and restaurants, roads, open areas. TSS
Maps of TED with drainage section are attached at Annexure 1.
Topography with
contour
Land use information
Sewerage and surface
drainage
Water supply services
Roads and electricity
Housing details
11
12
Water Testing
Water flowing in the Taj East drain has been tested at 10 locations by Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control
Board (UPPCB) to calculate the current PH, TSS, BOD and COD levels. This will help to determine the
pollution levels at different stretches of the drain and their causes and help to choose appropriate
technology for management and treatment of the waste water. Map with location of samples and the
testing results are attached in Annexure 5.
2 Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) are new methodologies which are characterized by features such as an emphasis on
understanding peoples own point of view. It is used to enable local people to share, enhance and analyze their knowledge of
life and conditions, to plan and to act.
13
Techniques etc. These helped communities identify and prioritize their needs. The information collected
has been quantified and analysed for the purpose of this Plan.
Plans for drain intervention along the various segments including the settlement have been developed
through extensive community engagement. The plan for each drain segment is based on their identified
problem where people discussed issues of concern, suggested solutions and developed joint action
plans for integrated development of the area as a whole. This process has helped to mobilize settlement
communities, especially women and young people, to participate in the process of planning and
implementation for sustainability of the project. Details of community meetings in various segments are
attached in Annexure 6.
2.2.4 Architecture Drawings and Financial Estimates
Based on the community proposed plans, verified through technical feasibility by Specialist
Professionals, Architectural designs have been developed for each segment of the drain with detail
drawings and specifications of the various technologies being used. Together these have added up to
the Taj East Drain Improvement Plan (TEDIP). These detailed designs are required for the preparation of
financial estimates for TEDIP using Agra BOQs.
Based on the information generated above, a detailed analysis of the Taj East Drain was undertaken and
engineering plans with detailed cost estimates have been prepared and are presented in the next
sections.
14
The following settlements fall in the Taj east drain catchment area:Rajpur, Shamshabad Road, Vashistpuram, KalindiVihar Road, Bank Colony, Bagh Rajpur, Pakki Sarai,
Lacchipura, Shaheed nagar, Kareem Nagar, GobarChauki, M.P. Pura, Harjupura, Gummat, PuraniMandi,
sanjay colony, Taj Ganj, Navada, Patiram ki Bagichi, Sheik Bulakhi, Paak Tola, Basai Kalan, Marutam
Nagar, Billochpura, Tajganj, Telipada, Kohai and Taj East Gate Road (Source: City Sanitation Plan, Agra,
2011) . The map of the total catchment area of Taj East Drain is attached in the Annexure 7.
15
For the purpose of this project, the area directly impacted by the Taj East Drain has been delimited. All
the settlements along the drain between Fatehabad road, till Yamuna are part of this project proposal.
This includes 17 settlements: Hajjupura, M.P. Pura, Taj Ganj, Bagichi Patiram, Shaik Bulakhi, Paak Tola,
Basai Kalan, Billochpura, Telipada, Dalhai, Sanjay colony, Kolhai, Asad Gali, Taj Khema and Taj East Gate
Road.
16
3.1.1
Taj East drain can be divided into eight zones based on its spatial character. These have been described
in the box below:
17
18
Slum
Population
Number
of
Household
HH along
drain
SC
OBC
AvgHousehold
income
(monthly)
1 Asad Gali
2145
300
42
80
20
8083
2 Basai Kala
1444
202
47
15
60
25
8500
3 Dalhai
1530
214
55
10
60
20
10
9740.55
4 Hajju pura
3003
420
15
10
10
10
70
9702.37
5 Kolhai
2503
350
22
35
10
40
15
8153.79
6 MP Pura
3768
527
35
15
40
10
9500
586
82
28
20
10
65
7967.3
8 Navada
1308
183
29
80
15
8832.88
9 Pak Tola
1073
150
32
30
30
20
20
8888.83
729
102
37
75
15
9803.94
11 Sanjay colony
1072
150
46
40
20
40
8500
12 Shaikh Bulakhi
708
99
25
100
9922.03
13 Taj Khema
543
76
20
70
20
9570
14 Teela Sayeed
1788
250
15
10
80
6461.5
15 Telipada
2538
355
30
10
40
20
8390.22
715
100
10
75
15
10500
17 Katra phulel
700
100
34
10
80
10
9500
7 Natha Nagar
10 Patiram ki Bagichi
Total
26153
3660
452
36.76
12.64
32.94
17.64
While analyzing the TED it was identified that almost 452 houses are located on either side of the drain,
which are the most vulnerable and are directly affected by the drain. Most houses are pucca houses
with toilet waste discharging directly into the drain.
3
19
8793.03
20
Detail mappings of local livelihood practices in the settlements have been conducted which has been
shown in the map below:-
21
Mapping of livelihood specifically along TED was done to identity activities which are impacting the solid
and liquid discharge in the drain like leather cutting and shoe making, scrap dealers etc which specific
Solid Waste management intervention. The map below shows the livelihood along TED and their
environment impact.
22
Map 8: Map showing Livelihood practices along the drain
Area (in %)
69.25
84.1
Commercial
0.44
0.5
Public
1.95
2.4
Open spaces
2.35
2.9
Road
8.05
9.8
Water bodies
0.28
0.3
TOTAL AREA
82.32
100.0
Residential
Commercial
Public
Open spaces
Road
Water bodies
*Note: The land use has been calculated for the settlement along the drain. The land along the drain
falling between VIP Road and Yamuna River is excluded.
Land use along TED is largely residential, with few public spaces like community toilets and temples.
Major road runs parallel to the drain along the settlement. Open land along the drain before Kolhai is
minimal which limits the scope of large interventions pre Kolhai upstream, though post it, the Taj
protected forest falls in the downstream and provides a potential area for natural/underground
intervention.
Refer the land use map on the next page of the Area and the along the TED.
23
24
25
3.5 Housing
Housing is mostly pucca with brick walls and RCC roofing, accounting for almost 87% of the total houses.
Being an historic area, there are significant numbers of traditional houses with rich architectural
heritage value. Average number of floors of houses in the area is 1.5 and each house on an average has
approximately three rooms. This shows the affordability of people to have pucca structures and that
they shall not have an added burden for constructing toilets in their houses. They can be charged a
nominal fee for rendering good solid waste management system. (Refer table)
Most families 91% are permanent residents and own their houses and but there is a significant number
of renters 9% in the Area mostly migrated from nearby villages due to the livelihood opportunities
catering to tourism.
S.No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Slum
Asad Gali
Basai Kala
Dalhai
Hajju pura
Kolhai
Natha Nagar
Navada
MP Pura
Pak Tola
patiram ki
Bagichi
Sanjay Colony
Shaikh Bulakhi
Taj Khema
Teela Sayeed
Nagar
Telipada
Katra Phulel
Katra Umar
Khan
TOTAL
Number
of
Houses
300
202
214
420
350
82
183
527
150
102
No
269
202
211
317
325
74
182
520
116
93
%age
89.67
100.00
98.60
75.48
92.86
90.24
99.45
98.67
77.33
91.18
No
30
0
3
60
24
8
1
4
33
4
%age
10.00
0.00
1.40
14.29
6.86
9.76
0.55
0.76
22.00
3.92
No
1
0
0
43
1
0
0
3
1
5
%age
0.33
0.00
0.00
10.24
0.29
0.00
0.00
0.57
0.67
4.90
Average
number
of floors
Avg.
1.43
1.5
1.44
1.42
1.44
1.51
1.51
1.53
1.5
1.55
150
99
76
250
145
94
76
177
96.67
94.95
100.00
70.80
0
5
0
64
0.00
5.05
0.00
25.60
5
0
0
9
3.33
0.00
0.00
3.60
1.55
1.43
1.38
1.54
2.6
2.89
2.83
2.71
355
100
100
298
100
100
83.94
100.00
100.00
47
0
0
13.24
0.00
0.00
10
0
0
2.82
0.00
0.00
1.39
1.6
1.5
2.84
2.8
2.7
3660
3299
283
Kuccha
houses
Average
number of
rooms
Avg.
2.64
2.6
2.62
2.56
2.62
2.68
2.67
2.8
2.68
2.75
78
As per the trend in the area, houses along TED are pucca, mostly basic superstructure toilets linked
directly to the drain, which need to be rehabilitated and connected to the sewer network.
26
27
Slum
1 Asad Gali
Houses with
water
connections
117
Duration of water
availability
39
less than 1 hr
Households having
bore wells (within
premises)
28
2 Basai Kala
202
100
1-2 h
3 Dalhai
95
44.4
1-2 h
26
4 Hajju pura
177
42.1
1-2 h
5 Kolhai
42
12
1-2 h
33
6 Natha Nagar
34
6.5
1-2 h
21
7 Navada
116
63.38
less than 1 hr
11
8 MP Pura
288
54.64
1-2 h
22
9 Pak Tola
80
53.3
1-2 h
15
10 patiram ki
Bagichi
11 Sanjay Colony
66
64.7
less than 1 hr
11
150
100
1-2 hr
12 Shaikh Bulakhi
43
43.4
less than 1 hr
13 Taj Khema
31
40.8
1-2 hr
14 Teela Sayeed
Nagar
15 Telipada
159
63.6
less than 1 hr
276
77.7
less than 1 hr
137
16 Katra Phulel
100
100
1-2 hr
17 Katra Umar
Khan
TOTAL
100
100
1-2 hr
Avg. 1-2 hr
323
2076
The settlements are mostly connected with water pipelines with few inner streets being missed out.
Almost 60% of the households are connected with the formal water network. However the water is only
available for 1-2 hours in a day. Few settlements have water supply issues related to pressure being
located on high terrain. Due to inadequate municipal water supply the dependence on ground water
through hand pumps and submersibles, government and private, is high even though the underground
water varies between potable to brackish. In Kolhai and Teela Sayeed Nagar people buy water from
private submersibles holders spending Rs. 600 per month to buy water for drinking and cooking. During
summer, water is supplemented through government and private water tankers.
28
The pipelines run parallel to the TED at several locations and also cutting across the drain where
required, which increase the probability of water contamination through broken pipes. The inadequate
Municipal water supply is supplemented by ground water, which keeps the waste liquid discharge as per
the city standards. The dependence on ground water is severely affecting the ground water table, also
the surface runoff goes directly into the drain.
3.6.1.1 Water Quality
The quality of the water being supplied is not clean and because of intermittent supply and low pressure
in the system, it sucks the surrounding waste of the area in to the water supply lines which result in
frequent water borne diseases.
3.6.2
Sewerage
The Taj Ganj area falls under TajGanj Zone (Zone-6) of sewer network of the identified catchment zones.
UP Jal Nigam has partially implemented a sewerage scheme in about 70% of the catchment area under
JNNURM and TTZ, however there are no household connections and the system is yet to be
commissioned. Certain streets in the settlements have been missed out in the sewer network due to
lack of inclusive planning in most cases and some due to technical issues.
Refer the map below showing the status of the sewer network of the settlements in the area.
29
30
Map with specific detail of households along the drain and sewer status is given below:
31
3.6.3 Sanitation
3.6.3.1 Households Toilets
Almost 85% of the households have personal toilets with around 42% connected to septic tanks,
remaining discharges waste directly into the with drains. Close to 30% of them have access to sewer
lines which may be easily connected to sewers once the sewerage system in commissioned. 533
households do not have household toilets which mostly use the drain for defecation.
Table 6: HH Toilets
S.No.
Settlements
Houses
Houses
with
toilet
facility
Houses
connected
to septic
tank
houses
Houses
discharging without
wastewater Toilets
into drain
Hoses using
Community
Toilet
1 Asad Gali
300
226
125.00
101
2 Basai Kala
202
181
145.00
36
60
3 Dalhai
214
213
64.00
149
91
4 Hajju pura
420
360
100.00
260
231
5 Kolhai
350
259
167.00
92
55
6 MP Pura
527
422
222.00
200
23
82
73
57.00
16
11
8 Navada
183
128
77.00
51
10
18
9 Pak Tola
150
127
73.00
54
10 patiram ki Bagichi
102
91
24.00
67
54
11 sanjay colony
150
150
0.00
150
105
12 Shaikh Bulakhi
99
99
13.00
86
21
13 Taj Khema
76
72
8.00
64
15
250
240
10.00
230
15 Telipada
355
301
140.00
161
100
100
20.00
80
17 Katra phulel
100
100
80.00
20
74
3660
3142
1325.00
1817
533
257
7 Natha Nagar
Total
32
Mostly all houses with an exception of few along TED have household toilets with minimal toilet
superstructure , directly opening into the drain which need to be rehabiltated and connected to sewer
or septic tanks.
3.6.3.2 Community Toilet Complexes
There are only 4 functional toilet complexes that are there in the area. However the condition of the
toilets is very bad and the complexes are unquestionably filthy and not sanitized. There are all sorts of
nuisance and hazards, such as structural weakness, non-availability of water, without/ non functional
septic tanks, waste water being discharged in to the drain. There is a lack of basic infrastructure such as,
water, doors and toilet seats.
3 community toilets are location along TED which opens directly into the drain without treatment. These
community toilets are in bad state and need to rehabilitate.
3.6.3.3 Open Defecation
15% of the total population is neither having individual toilets nor are they using any community toilet
complexes. Most of such households are defecating in and around the drain.
Interesting information was evident from the survey that almost all the children, defecate in the open or
in the secondary drains that carry waste water from houses to the main drain. On being asked the
reason behind this, the residents answered that the toilet seats are either large for children or they are
uncomfortable using it.
33
3.6.4
Drainage
3.6.4.1. Storm water drains (Secondary Drains)
All storm water drains are in the area are pucca and open carrying liquid waste discharge from
household toilets, kitchen etc which ultimately connect to the Taj East Drain. 41% of are mostly
blocked/chocked due to dumping of garbage. Almost all the houses abutting the drain, walls are mostly
waterlogged during peak season in monsoons. This is a serious issue as there is major inconvenience for
these households. It is to be seen as a priority to safeguard these houses.
Name of
Settlements
Status of Drain
blocked
clean
HH
HH
connected to
outfall
HH
%
no. of HH flooded
by overflow
HH
Asad Gali
185
61.67
20.00
6.67
15
5.00
80
26.67
Basai Kala
52
25.74
0.00
0.00
0.00
150
74.26
Dalhai
94
43.93
20.00
9.35
15
7.01
85
39.72
Hajju pura
181
43.10
5.00
1.19
80
19.05
154
36.67
20
20.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
80
80.00
Kolhai
120
34.29
14.00
4.00
66
18.86
150
42.86
Natha Nagar
50
60.98
7.00
8.54
6.10
20
24.39
Navada
63
34.43
25.00
13.66
15
8.20
80
43.72
MP Pura
102
19.35
0.00
0.00
0.00
425
80.65
10
Pak Tola
40
26.67
0.00
0.00
30
20.00
80
53.33
11
patiram ki Bagichi
15
14.71
7.00
6.86
20
19.61
60
58.82
12
Phulel
20
20.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
80
80.00
13
Sanjay Colony
70
46.67
0.00
0.00
0.00
80
53.33
14
Shaikh Bulakhi
30
30.30
0.00
0.00
49
49.49
20
20.20
15
Taj Khema
20
26.32
5.00
6.58
10
13.16
41
53.95
16
70
28.00
0.00
0.00
80
32.00
100
40.00
17
Telipada
200
57.14
0.00
0.00
40
11.43
110
31.43
TOTAL
1318
48.00
653
1795
34
3.6.5
With the lack of Municipal sweepers in the area, large amount of cleaning is done by private sweepers,
paid by the residents. There is very few waste station or dhalaoghar in the area where the garbage is
dumped and cleared once in a month. 80% of their garbage is dumped directly on the roads or into the
surface drains. This garbage never reaches the waste collection point and adds to the drain. Door to
door waste collection has recently started in the City; by a private agency Urban Infratech contracted by
ANN. Urban Infratech has recently started their works in few of these settlements.
Detail of solid waste management in the settlements is given in the table below:
Table 10: Solid Waste Disposal Status in Slums
S.No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Name of
settlements
Asad Gali
Basai Kala
Dalhai
Hajju pura
Kolhai
Natha Nagar
Navada
MP Pura
Pak Tola
patiram ki Bagichi
Sanjay Colony
Shaikh Bulakhi
Taj Khema
Teela Sayeed
Telipada
self
HH
90
70
50
220
120
40
80
250
50
70
75
50
20
150
310
Municipal sweeper
%
30.00
34.65
23.36
52.38
34.29
48.78
43.72
47.44
33.33
68.63
50.00
50.51
26.32
60.00
87.32
HH
60
80
60
40
30
19
40
200
4
9
60
10
10
0
10
%
20.00
39.60
28.04
9.52
8.57
23.17
21.86
37.95
2.67
8.82
40.00
10.10
13.16
0.00
2.82
%
40.00
25.74
42.06
30.95
42.86
25.61
34.43
14.61
62.67
21.57
10.00
39.39
59.21
36.00
9.86
door to door
collection
HH
%
30
10.00
0
0.00
14
6.54
30
7.14
50
14.29
2
2.44
0
0.00
0
0.00
2
1.33
1
0.98
0
0.00
0
0.00
1
1.32
10
4.00
0
0.00
35
16 Katra Phulel
17 Katra Umar Khan
TOTAL
20
25
1690
20.00
25.00
43.28
50
55
737
50.00
55.00
21.84
30.00
20.00
1093.00
30.00
20.00
32.06
0
0
140
0.00
0.00
2.83
Main drain
24%
open ground
outside the
settlement
10%
open ground in
settlement
21%
Roadside
25%
The solid waste is mostly disposed by the people living in the settlements on their own. Most of the
waste is either dumped on the road, in the surface drains outside the house or open grounds within the
settlement. Only about 725 Households dump the garbage into the waste collection points denoted by
the Nagar Nigam.
S.No. Name of
settlements
Roads
HH
Open ground in
settlement
HH
Large drain
HH
Open ground
outside
settlement
HH
1 Asad Gali
2 Basai Kala
61
50
20.33
24.75
50
30
16.67
14.85
50.00
5.00
16.67
2.48
130 43.33
87 43.07
9
30
3.00
14.85
3 Dalhai
4 Hajju pura
50
70
23.36
16.67
50
200
23.36
47.62
50.00
50.00
23.36
11.90
50 23.36
25 5.95
14
75
6.54
17.86
36
5 Kolhai
50
14.29
60
6 Natha Nagar
40
48.78
6.10
10.00
12.20
7 Navada
10
5.46
50
27.32
71.00
8 MP Pura
9 Pak Tola
140
40
26.57
26.67
50
50
9.49
33.33
10 patiram ki Bagichi
22
21.57
22
11 Sanjay Colony
12 Shaikh Bulakhi
30
22
20.00
22.22
30
30
13 Taj Khema
14 Teela Sayeed
15 Telipada
10
10
20
13.16
4.00
5.63
25
150
100
16 Katra Phulel
50
50.00
10
50
725
50.00
23.14
10
922
17.14 130.00
45
12.86
0.00
27
32.93
38.80
42 22.95
10
5.46
70.00
55.00
13.28
36.67
260 49.34
5 3.33
7
0
1.33
0.00
21.57
30.00
29.41
4.90
23
22.55
20.00
30.30
40.00
0.00
26.67
0.00
30 20.00
35 35.35
20
12
13.33
12.12
32.89
5.00
60.00 30.00
28.17 185.00
6.58
12.00
52.11
30 39.47
30 12.00
30 8.45
6
30
20
7.89
12.00
5.63
0.00
0.00
15 15.00
25
25.00
10.00
0.00
24.05 781.00
0.00
18.78
20 20.00
859 21.48
20
373
20.00
12.55
10.00
37.14
65 18.57
0
37
There is a significant amount of cattle waste generated due to the number of livestock living in area. This
makes the environment totally unhygienic and filthy. Details of livestock are given in the table below.
Sl No
Slum Name
Horse
Pigs
Total
1 Asad Gali
12
13.00
2 Basai Kalan
6.00
3 Dalhai
0.00
4 Hajju pura
16
10
34.00
5 Kolhai
13
14.00
6 M.P.Pura
2.00
7 Natha Nagar
7.00
8 Navada
2.00
9 Pak Tola
110
118
53
53
334.00
10 patiram ki Bagichi
8.00
11 Sanjay Colony
4.00
12 Shaikh Bulakhi
0.00
13 Taj Khema
0.00
1.00
15 Telipada
0.00
0.00
17 Katra Phulel
0.00
134
156
57
66
413.00
Total
There is no system of waste segregation in the waste being collected. Most of the Municipal Collection
points is along the TED which due to irregular transportation spills into the drain accounting to more
than 50% of the total sediments in the drain. This reduces the discharge carrying capacity of the drain.
Due to the significant amount of domestic waste in the settlement, it is necessary to have intervention
for composting the animal waste.
38
Taj East Drain has a length of approximately 4.4 km with average width of the drain being 2.12 mt
varying from 0.6 mt to 3.6 mt in different sections as identified through the Total Station Survey. The
minimum width is mostly upstream along the sections where the drain acts as storm water drain along
the road sides or as secondary drain joining the main drain. The drain gets wider downstream as it flows
to connect to the river. The average depth of the drain is 3 m. The drain is mostly open, covered in
sections with culverts or stone slabs for cross connectivity. It is U-shaped brick lined drain with weep
holes and waste water pipes in the upstream. Downstream of the drain near the river is a natural waste
water channel.
4.2
Quality of waste water in the drain
The water testing was conducted by UPPCB at two points using several parameters. The details are as
follows:
Sl No
Parameters:
1
2
3
4
Colour
Odour
pH
Total Suspended
Solids
Total Dissolved Solids
5
6
7
Total Solids
Biochemical Oxygen
demand (incubation
at 27 degree
centigrade
Chemical Oxygen
demand (Dichromate
reflux method)
Sampling point 1
Near Taj Khema
Light Grey
Unpleasant
7.33
416.0
Near M.P.S.
Kolhai
Light Grey
Unpleasant
7.27
212.0
Standerds prescribed
by UPPCB
Colourless
Odourless
5.5 to 9.0
50.0 mg/l
1642.0
1640.0
---
2058.0
230.0
1852.0
165.0
--30.0 mg/l
968.0
580.0
250.0 mg/l
39
4.3
For disposal of sewage in the Area, a diversion Main Pumping Station (MPS) is constructed at Kolhai
which will pump the sewage from the drain and the sewer line to the Sewage Treatment Plant located at
Dhandhupura. The MPS has been fitted with 5 submersible pumps (3 duty and 2 standby) which are to
be driven through a control panel connected to electrical transformers. The MPS has a captive diesel
generator available to provide continuous energy in times of load shedding.
The details of pumps are shown in the following table:
Table 5: Details of Kolhai MPS
Description
Unit
Pump A
Pump B
Pump C
Type of Pumps
Type
Submersible
Submersible
Submersible
Duty Pumps
Number
Standby Pumps
Number
Total
Discharge Capacity
Litres/Sec
125
125
62.5
312.5
Operating Hours
Hours/day
24
24
24
72
MLD
10.8
10.8
5.4
27
It can be seen above that assuming that two duty pumps with 125lps discharge plus one duty pump of
62.5lps discharge working all through 24 hour can divert about 27ml sewage which could be the capacity
required in say ten years period.
Along the TED, in most stretches sewer line has been laid on one side of the drain but none household
connections are made, which need to be done at the earliest . This may be due to various reasons like
unwillingness to pay for infrastructure or even unawareness or the lack of technical expertise.
4.4
Assessment of Discharge
As per UP Jal Nigam, the latest discharge in Taj East Drain taken at 24 hour average is 18 MLD which has
been validated through site discharge calculations.
It can be seen from the above table that the diversion infrastructure is capable of handling about 8ml of
sewage per day and a further attempt is made to assess the volume of sewage generated in the
catchment. Following assumptions are made for this purpose.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
The population of each ward is taken from sewerage Detailed Project Report (DPR) prepared by
the UP Jal Nigam
Per capita water consumption in settlements is 100 lpcd
Per capita water consumption in non-settlement areas is 150lpcd
Sewage generation is 80% of the water consumption
Daily peak factor considered is 2.5
Table 8: Sewage Generation
40
Name of the
ward/area
Ward
Number
Populati
on 2010
Ward
Contribution
20%
Catchment
Population
2012
3700
Sewage
generated
in MLD
0.44
Sewage
peak flow
cum/hr
46.25
Nagla Mewati
18016
Saheed Nagar
70
15031
20%
3100
0.37
38.75
Vaibhav nagar
71
19976
100%
20800
1.66
173.33
Dhandhupura
72
17696
50%
9200
1.10
115.00
Katra Fulel
74
14010
100%
14600
1.17
121.67
Teli Pada
80
17316
100%
18000
1.44
150.00
Gobar Chauki
89
16376
70%
11900
1.43
148.75
81300
7.62
793.75
Total
118421
Unit
Sample Points
1
Total
Time
Time
3.30pm
3.40pm
4pm
4.30pm
4.45pm
5pm
5.30pm
Peak factor
factor
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
Travel time
Sec
17
17
4.5
11
10
Length of drain
4.40
3.30
1.75
3.96
2.64
3.68
6.65
Width of drain
0.91
0.81
1.17
1.35
1.78
2.95
2.44
0.82
0.73
0.93
1.01
1.42
2.36
1.46
Depth of drain
0.81
0.84
0.89
0.91
1.61
1.22
1.91
0.30
0.18
0.30
0.18
0.15
0.23
0.25
Velocity
m/s
0.30
0.20
0.40
0.90
0.40
0.30
0.70
Flow assessed
cum/sec
0.08
0.03
0.11
0.16
0.09
0.16
0.26
Wastewater /day
MLD
6.50
2.48
9.84
11.63
6.24
11.64
18.65
8.98
It can be seen above that the sewage volume estimated works out to approximately 19mld based on the
flow measurement time which indicates that the drain has larger than the assumed catchment and
receiving discharges from other areas. The same discharge has been calculated by Jal Nigam calculating
over a period of 24 hrs.
41
This is considering the current discharges and it would surely increase in future due to growth of
population albeit marginally as most of the catchment area is saturated at present.
4.5
Sizing of treatment
While the MPS located at Kolhai is capable of pumping the current discharge but the infrastructure to
divert the discharges downstream of the MPS do not exist at present as such there is likelihood of at
least 10% of the discharge making way to Yamuna without treatment. This although reduced
significantly from the current level but would still cause odour problems and also unsanitary conditions
in the vicinity.
As such it is proposed to treat these discharges and sizing of such treatment plant would essentially lead
to following two scenarios: Scenario 1:
The first scenario is to treat the discharge downstream of Kolhai MPS which is about1 0.7mld and
considering future growth a 1mld plant would be sufficient
Scenario 2:
Even though the Kolhai MPS is provided with captive generators but there is likelihood of the station
becoming dysfunctional either due to power cut followed by malfunction of genset. This risk if it occurs
during peak sewage discharge period would further aggravate the situation. As such it is recommended
that the plant be sized for a capacity equal to the cumulative flow during 2 peak hours and 2 non-peak
hours. The backup for treating this flow at the end of the drain works out to about 3 mld.
42
Reduce the odour produced from septic waste water by reducing the pollution load from
contaminants in the drain;
Minimize the flow of sludge into the drain by diverting it to the citys sewerage system;
Controlling the septicity in the drain caused by the direct disposal of solid or liquid waste into
the drain, by using a range of technological options for suitable disposal and reuse;
Engage the community in the process to ensure sustainable development; and
Improving the institutional capacity of the city for long-term management of the drain.
Sewage control plan to minimize the flow of sewage into the drain both from large sewers and
household toilets by diverting these flows to the sewerage system and/or decentralized sewage
systems for un-served areas, rehabilitation/retrofitting of existing toilets and construction of
new toilets;
Solid waste management plan minimize the odour-generating septicity of the organic load
(waste) in the drain through door-to-door waste collection and disposal of all types of wastes;
Liquid waste treatment plan to reduce the pollution load in waste water through small micro
projects along the entire stretch of the drain and before its discharge into River Yamuna;
Physical Improvement and Surface Drainage Plan to make physical improvements to the drain
and the area by way of repair and retrofitting of embankments, toilets, surface drains, animal
enclosures, solid waste bins, etc.; landscaping and creation of community spaces for social and
cultural interactions;
Community Participation Plan to ensure development is inclusive and participatory and that
the community becomes an important partners in the long-term maintenance of the drain;
Institutional Development Plan to create capacity within the local service provider agencies for
appropriate contractual arrangements, technology choices, oversight, community engagement,
etc.
5.2.1
Taj East drain shall have a comprehensive sewage control plan to check and minimize the organic load in
the drain; chief factor responsible for the high odour from the hydrogen sulphide and other gases
produced and its repulsive look. The sewage control plan shall have the following components;
43
Interception of drain discharge upstream at the starting of the Project Site into the Sewer
network laid that is emptying into the Taj East drain it is estimated that nearly 50% of the
entire sewage flow in the drain comes from upstream. This shall reduce the flow in the open
drain and would reach the Pumping Station at Kolhai underground, reducing the odour and
drain septicity.
Connection of all household toilets in the sewered areas to the underground sewerage
system. AJN sewer lines currently cover about 30% of all households /areas along the drain. It is
planned to disconnect the directly connected toilets to the sewerage line. All household toilets
shall be connected to the sewerage with 100% subsidy.
Extension of sewer network/Construction of cluster and shared septic tanks to connect
household toilets in unsewered areas. Sewer network would be extended in the unsewered
area wherever technically possible, considering the topography, gradient and invert levels of the
trunk lines. Depressed area where sewer extension is not possible Cluster /shared septic tanks
shall connect the remaining households without access to sewerage. This will ensure that 100%
household toilets shall be disconnected from direct discharging into the drain. All households
shall be provided financial support (100% subsidy) for making the last-mile connection and shall
be provided technical support to retrofit these home toilets and connecting to toilets.
All Households to have toilets for an open defecation free Tajganj area. Households without
toilets (533) shall be assisted with construction of private toilets connected to sewers, cluster
septic tanks or private septic tanks. Out of 533 toilets, 294 toilets have been covered under the
DPR prepared for Slum Up gradation of 15 slums of Taj ganj under TTZ. Only 239 Toilets need to
be constructed in this project.
It is expected that these measures shall reduce over 60% of the pollution load in TED, bringing down
septicity and odour because of the generation of H2S gas.
5.2.2
A broad based plan for solid waste management (SWM) shall be put in place in the area for the
collection and disposal of the various types of wastes that are generated in the area. The objective shall
be to control the discharge of solid waste into the drain from the source. The SWM plan shall have the
following components.
Trade Waste Management. Besides household waste TED receives directly dumped trade
waste from industries such as the leather, marble, zari, other handicrafts, flower garland, etc.
Besides, there are small businesses of waste segregation at the mouth of the drain which also
dump the non-recyclables into TED. The D2D collection system shall also be extended to these
industries. Linkages shall be established between the traders and waste segregators to ensure
all recyclables are collected and only the very minimum need transportation to the land fill.
Dilution of water by installing a treatment system close by shall ensure treated water is available
to dilute the toxins from the trade waste.
44
Cattle waste management to set up bio composting. A few areas along the drain have cattle
(cows, buffalos, sheep, pigs, horses). Cattle waste not used as fuel shall be transported to a bio
composting site. Kitchen waste along with flower waste would be linked to the bio composting
site. The composting plant shall be managed by the community as a business enterprise and
shall provide manure to parks around Taj Mahal for horticulture purpose.
Non recyclable or bio degradable waste shall be disposed at the sanitary land fill site. The
roads in the area shall be improved to enable easy transportation of the solid waste.
Dredging/Desilting of the drain. The drain shall be dredged/desilting to remove all septic solid
waste currently inside. After the one-time clean up, periodic desilting of the drain shall be
undertaken; at least 4 times a year which shall be quicker and less expensive.
Street sweeping. There shall be Regular Street sweeping in the area to ensure that solid waste is
collected for disposal and does not drop into the drain.
Providing Screens at regular interval in the Drain. This would keep a check on the solid waste in
the drain at regular interval and ensure smooth flow.
It is expected that these measures shall bring down the organic pollution load in the TED further by
about 20%.
Box- 2: Evolving of Bio- manure from raw bio- waste at community cattle- shed
A collection of about 50 Nos. community buffaloes, goats and other HH animals realize bio- waste and it is
observed as an irritant and affects the environment. A techno- commercial project has been proposed to be
evolved which realizes commercial gains.
The detail of the project is as given below:50 Nos. animals realize 40 kgs. Per day amounting to 50 times 40 kg = 2,000 kgs/ 2.0 kl./ cbm. The bioremediation process is initiated for around 4 weeks/ 1 month for around 24 days. It is evolved for 4 processes
each for around 1 week. Total around 4 weeks/ 1 month for around 24 days. Total cubic content for one crop
of manure would be 24 days times 2.0 kl/ cbm amounting to 48 cbm./ kl. For around 50 cbm./ kl at depth of
tanks 2.0mtr. deep Ground area required for tank is 25 sqm. Open space for working of bio- composting plant
would be 4 times, 25 sqm will be 100 sqm. 20m by 5m
Proposed Intervention Plan:
1. Physical Infrastructure Development:
Civil works are constructed for carrying out the bio- composting process, the raw waste is consolidated and
brought with leafy foliage and decayed leaves and branches. It would be proper to compile bio- waste ex.
municipal waste from communities. Civil structures to consolidate 200 cbm./ kl of bio- waste contents in open
tanks will be developed.
2. Bio-Composting :
The Bio- composting plant proposed is to treat the bio- wastes generated in the communities ex. buffaloes and
other bio- wastes in the area. This bio- composting system has been designed for treating 2000 kgs of biowaste per day 0.3 MLD with a curing and maturing time for around 20 days which will treat the nutrients in the
form of physical, chemical, microbiological matter contained in the bio- wastes. . The processed manure
would be at an appropriate level for usage at the landscapes and when the manure will be in excess to be duly
stored in a cattle shed made in the premises. The manure would be later used for rejuvenating the landscapes
and the trees coverage at the botanical gardens planned in the TED- areas.
45
Treatment Mechanism:
PRIMARY TREATMENT
Consolidation and treatment at open spaces
Bio- matter evolved in the site is designated as 2 categories, one is termed as clean bio- wastes coming from
cattle, leafy and green foliage form the spaces, The other is termed as un clean or dirty bio- wastes coming
from homes, communities, vegetables, cooked , raw meat and other litter.
In the process to be evolved as far as possible clean bio- waste is processed. The unclean/ dirty bio- waste is
also assessed and processed with more intentional treatment, by adding bio- inoculants and others for better
handling of the dirty bio- wastes. This is called as the primary process of bio- waste matter where the bioprocess is initiated and the content volume is also reduced to 50% . Initial volume of 60 cbm./kl is reduced to
30 cbm./ kl/. The bio- matter is well stacked and planned to be taken to the next level process.
SECONDARY TREATMENT
Bio- matter Concentration and anaerobic treatment at enclosed tanks
In the secondary process the bio- process is initiated anaerobically and the content volume is also reduced to
50%. Initial volume of 30 cbm./kl is reduced to 15 cbm./ kl/. The bio- matter is well decomposed and turned
nearly into nutrients is removed and stacked and planned to be taken to the tertiary process.
TERTIARY TREATMENT
Cleaning and Polishing:
With the use of solar energy, drying out of the bio- compost is done. The bio- matter is made into a manure
form. The bio- matter would be rich in nutrients with a good C: N carbon/ Nitrogen ratio. The matter gets
further reduced in volume to around 10 cbm. kl .
Conclusion :
From a single crop of bio waste of around 60 cbm/ kl collected in 30 days.
Bio- manure evolved would be 10 cbm/ kl i.e 10,000 kgs
Commercially valued as Rs. 5/= per kg amounting to Rs. 50,000/= ( Rupees Fifty Thousand )
Annually it would generate an income in the communities around Rs. 6.00 Lakhs.
Cobbled stone filters. These shall be placed on the floor of the drain at appropriate places where
the slope is flatter so as not to interfere with the intensity of water flow. Cobbled surfaces
increase the surface area and serve as self-cleansing systems.
Tertiary treatment through Reed Beds. Post 80-100% household connection to sewer network,
the liquid discharge in the drain would only be of grey water, which could be treated through
floating reed beds. Floating reed beds and reed beds shall be built with bamboo and microbial
plants for aerobic treatment of the waste water. This would make the drain cleaner and greener.
46
Stabilization Ponds or shallow basins comprising single or a series of basins shall be built where
space is available for anaerobic, primary treatment of the waste water. They shall remove the
suspended solids and some organic matter (BOD).
Decentralized waste water treatment systems on the lines of the DEWAT at Kuchpura Agra built
by CURE shall be built for onsite pre treatment of waste water discharge. DEWATs would be
constructed on secondary drain channels or on diversion channel, where land is available to treat
waste discharge. The treated water would be used for ground water recharging, irrigation of
landscaped area, forest area irrigation, flushing in community toilets. This will improve and
beautify the area.
Constructed Wetland in the forest area. As the drain enters the forest area after the Kolhai
Pumping Station, it is planned to create lagoon of channels to aerate the wastewater, increase
surface area and exposure to sunlight for natural bioremediation.
Pumping to the Sewage Treatment Plant. At the Kolhai pumping station, the sewage shall be
pumped away for treatment to the Sewage Treatment Plant. The effort shall be to optimize the
pumping station and STP.
47
Hence
DEWATS technology is
an effective, efficient
and affordable
wastewater treatment
solution for small and
medium sized
enterprises (SME).
48
Reed bed treatment systems have been successfully used for treating a wide range of wastewater
concentrations, from the very dilute up to COD concentrations of 20,000 mg/l and nitrogen concentrations of
4,000 mg/l. They can also handle a wide range of effluent throughputs ranging from small and intermittent flows
of about 1 m3/d to several10,000 m3/d.
49
Subsurface flow constructed wetlands: A constructed wetland is a simulated natural environment for the
filtration and biological treatment of wastewater. Subsurface flow (SSF) wetlands are shallow beds filled
with rocks and are usually planted with aquatic vegetation. They are designed to keep the liquid level 3 to 4
inches below the surface of the rock media to prevent public exposure to the wastewater and mosquito
breeding. (Stewart, p.10)
50
Box-6: Secondary Drain from Communities- Katra connecting to Taj East Drain (Segment -12)
Introduction
A secondary drainage channel originating at from the eastern wall of the Taj Mahal carrying the waste both
liquid and solid waste from the communities- 2 katra namely Katra Fulel and Katra Omar along with the
discharge of the small restaurants and shops located along the eastern gate of Taj Mahal.
Public urinal exists at the start of the drain which directly opens into this drain. Old sewer lines have been
partially laid in the Katra area, which is the historic residential quarters, but is non functional. Most houses
discharge the solid and liquid wastes directly into this drain. The drain is noted to be full of filth and produce bad
odour around the Eastern Gate of Taj Mahal.
The drain is not brick-lined and is a kuchha drain channel following the natural land slopes. The community also
resorts to open defecation as this drain flows through the open land which is making the general condition worse
all along the drain channel.
Technical Data:
The drain is a kuchha drain having a length around 200 meters long till it connects to the Taj East Drain. The drain
follows the natural land contours and has a total drop of around 9 meters from the start to the end. Total
volume of discharge in the drain at peak hour was calculated at round 0.78 MLD- 780 Kl per day at around 11 am
which is 2.5 time higher than the average discharge in the drain.
The water testing results for the drain done by UP Pollution Control board is given below:
1. General : Colour: Greyish, Odour: Sewageous
2. Acidic / Alkakine: Alkaline pH: 8.10
3. Condition of Solids: 1. T.S.S.: 648, 2.T.D.S.:2158, 3. T.S.:2806 ppm
4. B.O.D.:240, C.O.D.:652 ppm BOD : COD Ratio = 1:2.7
Proposed Intervention Plan:
1. Physical Infrastructure Development: The work proposed in this segment includes demolition of the public
urinal at the mouth of the drain, covering of the drain at the mouth with a chamber like structure with manhole
opening for cleaning of garbage, laying of pathways with interlocking paver blocks to connect the route to Asad
Gali with a culvert at the drain point, pucca overflow drain beyond the culvert till Taj East Drain
2.Waste Water Treatment: The plant proposed is to treat Taj East Drain with intention to treat all the secondary
drain partially or fully before its joins the Taj East Drain. This would reduce the septicity of Taj East Drain by 50%
making the treatment process in the last segment more effective and efficient. Considering the ground
topography, ASI regulations, landuse, a natural treatment process has been proposed for treating this waste
water by creating water cascades for carrying out the primary, secondary and tertiary treatment.
The natural process will include- sedimentation, aeration, oxidation, mineral filtration and root zone treatment.
The treated water would be reused for irrigating the plantation/landscaping proposed in adjoining are at the
Segment 13 around Hotel- Taj Khema and for recharging ground- water aquifers. The overall aim would be done
having minimum physical intervention in terms of construction; hence the drain would be made pucca (lined)
into steps (cascade) following the ground terrain with minimum excavation.
51
The intervention plan is proposed along the entire length of the drain and it varies in length, width and depth,
depending on the treatment Zone requirement. The proposed intervention is divided into 5 Zones; Zone 1 has
settlement of the sludge. It has 2 Nos. series steps with gradient of 1.5 meters. Zone 2 is the zone where
screening happens through Metal - Screen provided, the drop of waste water from one step to another
facilitate aeration and at the bottom of the steps settlement of solid particles takes place, it has 3 series of
steps with gradient of 4.5 meters from the start to the end of the Zone. Both the above zones carry out the
primary treatment of the waste discharge. Zone 3 has two larger tanks/steps with different sizing of gravel of
mineral filtration. This is the zone where secondary treatment takes place. The gradient in this zone is kept at
3 meter from the start till the end. Zone 4 is the final cleaning and polishing zone which includes the
plantation having reed beds for providing root zone treatment. This is the largest zone in terms of length of
the drain and has a moderate gradient 1 meter. Zone 5 is the water storage/ reuse/ground- water recharging
zone. This includes a tank/sump which will store water which can be used for plantation in the Taj Khema
landscaped area, the excess water could be used for ground water recharging through recharging pits, or at a
nearby old/ defunct dug well.
This system has been designed for treating 0.3 MLD (300KL) of waste water per day with a hydraulic retention
time of around 5-6 days which will treat the physical, chemical, microbiological contaminants and impurities
to appropriate levels. The treated water would be at an appropriate level for usage at the landscapes and
when the water is in excess to be used for recharging ground- water aquifers in the region. This recharging
would provide increase in the ground water reserves and also augmenting and bettering the quantity and
quality of ground water in the local regimes.
Detail area and volume calculations for each Zone are given below.
52
Conclusion:
Here mention the overall benefits that can be accrued:
Cost of Processed water and manure gained in the area.
Cost of Dewats Plant: 300 kl times Rs. 30,000/= Rs. 90,00,000/Depreciation provided of cost basis say 20 yrs 5%
= Rs. 4,50,000/Maintenance cost annually Rs. 10k times 12 mths
= Rs. 1,20,000/Cost of O&M of the plant
= Rs. 1.20,000/Say cost of running the water plant is Rs. 1,20,000/New water/ for reuse produced 80-85 % of design load = 240 - 255 kl per day
Therefore the cost of 1 kl of new water for its production = Rs. 50/- per kl
Cost of tanker water 10 kl is around Rs. 1000/- i.e Rs. 100/- per kl
Cost of Nagar Nigam water 1 kl is around Rs. 5/- will be as per slab rate..
The above may be verified.
Manure from the area would be 300kg per month, annually 3600 kgs times Rs. 5/Rs. 18,000/- will be generated in the first few years, to get increased as the green foliage have an accelerated
growth. Nearly 5 times, with other environmental gains.
54
Box -7: Waste water management and treatment of Taj East Drain in segment 14
1.
The area has undulating topography, sloping towards the north (Yamuna River); with a dip of around 1012m from Taj Khema till its end. Being a natural water channel, the drain follows the land contours, winding
through and sloping towards the river. The slope provides the water enough velocity to carry the solid
waste with itself. Half length of the drain is brick lined and the rest is a natural drainage channel that is
kaccha. In this last part of it, the drain flows through the Taj Buffer Zone and connects to the river Yamuna.
It meanders through the greens assisted by the land topography. There is no built intervention in this zone
which has only some natural vegetation. However, it is subjected to natural erosion during the monsoon
and is excessively silted which has resulted into creating wide drainage channel, with ridges alongside
being as (high as ) 3-4.5 mts.
2.
Proposed Intervention Plan:
As per UP Jal Nigam, the latest flow of waste water in Taj East Drain taken at 24 hour average is 18 MLD
which has been validated through site discharge calculations. The diversion infrastructure built by UP Jal
Nigam at Kolhai is capable of handling this sewage discharge. But post Kolhai, due to two secondary
drains being getting connected to the main Taj East Drain, there would be around 2 MLD discharge,
additional of 2MLD has been taken as the risk factor in case of power/pumping failure of the pump along
with a projection for 5 years.
Considering the ground realities, land ownership, landuse and regulations, a natural treatment process has
been proposed for treating this waste water, by organically oriented ponds for primary, secondary and
tertiary treatment with polishing and finishing of final treatment of water .
The treated water would be reused for irrigating the green belt of Taj Protected Forest Zone and when in
excess during rainy days for recharging of ground water aquifers employing recharge mechanism through
dug wells in the area(6 No). The overall aim would be create a natural habitat to retain its existing setting,
following the land contours to minimize excavation not altering the existent ecological conditions.
The intervention area is spread of around 7000 sqm with a perimeter of xx m running along the kuchha
drain till it connects to river Yamuna. Oval shaped and organically oriented ponds with bunds would be
created having stone embankments to increase the hydraulic retention time of the liquid discharge.
The entire intervention has been divided into 4 Zones. Each Zone will have n( certain pre determined )
number of pools depending on the land availability, flow pattern and contours. These pools will have
deeper pools in segments for sedimentation and settlement of sludge.
The bund location is such to increase the water travel time. Floating reed (A Float mechanism with
appropriate plants providing photo- remediation i.e clean up and upgradation of waste water by the use of
plants and plantation) is provided in shallow area for root zone treatment.
Each Zone will have relief drains for overflow discharge in case of rains and increased sewage discharge
and/or storm water flow in the drain channel. The Zone 4 would be for reuse of treated water, which would
be provided with pump house to circulate treated water in fountains, for further process and extended
aeration.
For beautification of the area bamboo bridges would be provided connecting ponds and providing
cycling/walking tracks on the ridges with seating under trees. This will also be utilised for carrying out the
maintenance functions and improvements Etc.
55
This system has been designed for treating 4 MLD of waste water per day with a hydraulic retention time of
around 6 days which will treat and remedy the physical, chemical, microbiological contaminants and impurities
to appropriate levels. Detail area and volume calculations for each Zone are given below.
Waste discharge:
Treated Water/
Solids/liquid/gases
Manure/clean environs
56
3. Treatment Mechanism:
3.1 SCREENING
Before getting the water into first pond, screening of larger pieces of solids will be taken out through regular
cleaning of screens which is considered to be the foremost step in any treatment plant.
3.2 PRIMARY TREATMENT
3.2.1 Sedimentation
When the water will come into first zone/pond, separation of solids will start happening. This happens
primarily by gravity and predominantly through sedimentation. This is called primary process of waste water.
Coarse and heavy particles settle within a few minutes or hours, while smaller and lighter particles may need
days and weeks to finally sink to the bottom. Deeper sections in each pools is provided specially at the entry
and at the bund opening where the water flow is minimal, which facilitate maximum sedimentation and also
takes care of sudden inrush of rain flows and storm- water. In this case, any sediment which also contains
organic substances start to decompose. After decomposition and release of gases, the stabilized
(mineralized) sludge settles permanently at the bottom where it accumulates and occupies tank volume,
unnecessarily. This needed intervention facilitates removal of sludges and bio- matter and must be removed
at regular intervals.
The waste water coming from Taj East drain will be diverted in Zone 1. A weir arrangement is provided to
divert the flow. It will have three pools separated with bunds and set of inflow and one outflow. When the
water level reaches around 2 mt deep in pool 1, the overflow water will automatically passes in pool 2 and 3.
Zone -1 will be used as primary treatment of waste water, which includes sedimentation.
SECONDARY TREATMENT
57
58
Rehabilitation of surface drains. The surface drainage network in the area is both formal and
pucca and informal and kuchha. Most drains are badly designed and do not have the
appropriate gradient. In the absence of door step waste collection and lack of toilets, they
collect both solid waste and fecal matter that obstruct the flow of water. This creates highly
unsanitary conditions in the area. It is planned to rehabilitate the surface drains in the area. All
broken and uneven drains shall be repaired and all houses shall have access to these drains for
domestic run offs. Open drain channels, if kept clean, can self-treat the water. In parts, the
surface drains shall be covered with perforated slabs to ensure the area is clean.
Rehabilitation of public washing and bathing areas. In low income areas, several household
activities happen on the outside such as clothes and utensil washing, generating large amounts
of grey water that needs to be collected before its discharge into the TED. These areas shall be
built near community stand posts and shall have proper drainage systems.
Rehabilitation of water supply lines. The water supply line running along the inner edge of the
drain and bisecting the drain, need to be rehabilitated under the street adjoining it to avoid
water contamination.
Repair of embankments and building of culverts etc. Broken embankments shall be repaired.
New ones shall be constructed along the drain where there is perceived risk to lives of people.
Culverts shall be built to enable people to cross over the drain.
Roads and pathway construction with landscaping shall be developed starting from the drain
area and covering all the settlements. These shall be designed to create public and play spaces
and to enable smooth movement of vehicles for transportation of waste and periodic dredging.
Animal pens shall be rehabilitated with proper enclosures to ensure animal waste does not flow
into the drain. These shall be linked to the bio-composting described above.
Solid waste bins. Although the D2D system shall ensure that there is minimal waste on the
roads, it shall be important to provide several bins in the area that shall be used for disposal of
waste by pedestrians. These shall be cleaned regularly.
59
14 A&B
13
12
10
11
7
4
2
3
6
8
60
The various segment maps, respective site pictures along with the interventions designed are shown
below:-
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
The matrix specifying interventions proposed in each segment with respect to the physical and social description is given below: -
Drain
Segments
Spatial Description
Physical description
Social Description
Main Problem
Proposed Interventions
Segment 1
Segment 2
L: 300 mt
W:1.23mt
Brick lined, Partially Covered Sewer line
laid along the drain(not yet operational)
Interception of upstream
drain discharge and
connecting to Sewer line
under the Mughal Pulia
Covering of drain with
perforated precast slabs on
either side.
Dustbins along the street
Screen Chamber
Thermacol waste Collection
and Transportation Station
Redesigning the
underground drain
connections at the junction
for smooth flow
Covering of drain with
perforated Precast Slab
Segment 4
L: 94 mt
W:1.49mt
Brick lined, open drain C
Sewer line laid along one side of the
drain(not yet operational)
pH=7.76 ,TSS=358, TDS=3095
TS=3453,BOD=210,COD=640
Segment 5
L: 240 mt
W:2.32mt
Brick lined, open drain with parapet
Sewer line laid along one side of the
Segment 3
75
during monsoon.
Water lines cut across the drain.
Totally residential
Building DEWAT
Reed Beds
Leather waste/Shoe waste
collection station
L: 489mt
W:1.27mt
Brick lined, open drain without parapet
with street on one side of the drain with
house. On the other side the rear of the
house open to the drain.
Sewer line laid on the road
L: 226mt
W:1.7mt
Brick lined, large open drain without
parapet; motorable road on either side.
Sewer line laid on the road
pH=8.07, TSS=770
TDS=2373, TS=3143
BOD=260, COD=560
L: 352mt
W:3.5 mt
Brick lined, large open drain with
embankment and parapet
pH=7.27
Segment 6
Segment 7
Segment 8
Segment 9
Segment
10
76
Open defecation
BOD=165
COD=580
TS=1852
TSS=212
Segment
11
Segment
12
Segment
13
Segment
14
Segment
14A
L:364 mt
W: 1.25 mt
Open brick line drain without parapet
with few stone culverts as connectors
pH=7.91, TSS=668
TDS=2645, TS=3313
BOD=195, COD=460
L:205 mt
W: 2.5 mt
Open kuchha drain
pH=8.10, TSS=648
TDS=2158, TS=2806
BOD=240, COD=652
L: 193 mt
W: 2.79 mt
Large brick lined open drain with
embankment
pH= 7.33
BOD=230
COD=968
TSS=416
TS=2058
L:284 mt
W: 4.5 mt
Brick lined Open drain
L:515 mt
W: 6 mt
Open kuchha natural drain
pH=7.97, TSS=450
TDS=3132, TS=3582
BOD=290, COD=812
77
Implementing Agency
U.P. Tourism will be the Executing Agency for the project. It shall set up a TEDI Unit at the city level
under the administrative control of the District Magistrate to implement the project. The Unit will
comprise all concerned departments like Forest department, Agra Nagar Nigam, DUDA, Agra
Development Authority, Agra Jal Nigam and Agra Jal Kal. UP Tourism will provide the overall guidance
and supervision.
6.1.2 Construction cum Management Contract
TEDIP shall be executed through a single outcome-and incentive based management contract for solid,
liquid waste management and local treatment systems. It shall be an outcome-based construction cum
management contract on the models of a Build-Operate-Manage (BOM) contract.
TEDIP unit shall issue an open tender with clearly specified requirements, responsibilities and outcome
measurements. The preference shall be to get a consortium of agencies with the appropriate skills
(design, engineering, construction, landscaping and maintenance) for execution of all the civil and
maintenance works in the contract.
The Construction cum Management Contractor shall be responsible for the civil works along the drain
for its improvement and for the various types of treatment systems designed along the drain and ensure
that these intercept, convey and treat the sewage, solid waste and the waste water; and that they are
operational at all times. The contractor shall also be responsible for maintaining the public spaces that
shall be developed under the project.
Payment to the contractor shall be based on measured reductions in odour levels and waste water
quality at different points of the drain.
6.1.3 Solid Waste Management-Amendments to the Existing Contract
Solid waste management for the area shall be implemented under the current contract executed by
ANN for the city. Besides improving the effectiveness of operations along TED, it is hoped that the
current contractor also replicate this plan in other parts of the city as well.
ANN shall review the contract and make necessary amendments to the contract in line with the Plan to
ensure there is no solid waste discharge into the drain and that all waste is carried away, composted or
recycled. The contractor shall work with the communities to ensure success of the process. The
contractor shall be accountable to the Management Contractor above who shall be responsible for
monitoring the implementation of the waste management contract for the area.
78
Bi Monthly meetings: The TEDIP Unit shall meet twice a month basis to review the status of
planning and implementation and to ensure that the project progresses as per need. It shall
discuss reasons for delays if any, and take necessary action to deal with the bottlenecks. After
79
the contract has been executed, civil works completed and the entire Plan operational, the
meetings shall be reduced to once a quarter.
o
Contractor Reports: The Management Contractor, once in place, shall be required to present the
progress reports at these meetings with photographic evidence, tests, etc.
Site Visits: The DM shall assign responsibility to individuals and agencies for making regular site
visits to the area to ensure that the civil works are being executed as per specifications and with
appropriate material.
Social Audit: Qualitative assessments shall also form an integral part of the monitoring and
review process. Social audits (SA) shall be undertaken with the support of an external agency
identified for this purpose by UP Tourism. The agency shall work with the communities to
organise Social Audit Committees and public hearings that will jointly audit the qualitative
aspects of the project. The SA report shall be submitted to DG UP Tourism. The DG will put in
place a for action on the complaints and shall submit an Action Taken Report to the community.
Community monitoring of physical works: The community shall be responsible for overseeing the
implementation of civil works in their areas and shall identify lane/area supervisors who shall
monitor implementation. Community Monitoring Groups or lane supervisors shall be informed
of the contractual obligations under each contract by local department and inform the
implementing agency in case of deficiencies. PMU shall take immediate steps to rectify the
problem and inform the community on action taken.
80
Results
Goal
Implementation
Outcome
Outputs
Activities
Inputs
81
Activities
Solid waste management and door to door waste
collection/segregation and transportation
Sewage control Plan and liquid waste treatment
Landscaping
Rehabilitation of household toilets
5
6
Concerned Departments
Agra Nagar Nigam
Jal Nigam
U.P. Tourism
District Urban Development
Agency (DUDA)
Forest department
Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control
Board (UPPCB)
Archeological Survey of India (ASI)
With the extension of municipal water supply system to slum settlements, their dependence on
ground water shall be regulated. Private borings/submersible shall then be restricted in such
settlements.
Rain water harvesting systems shall be made mandatory through community participation. This
shall prevent depletion of ground water sources in the City.
The management of solid waste in settlements will be regularized effectively and efficiently,
throwing garbage in open drain shall be strictly monitored. Especially use of plastics will be
prohibited in the entire city.
Industries discharging chemical wastes (chain making/leather bleaching) in the drain will be
identified and relocated in other part of the city to control liquid chemical waste in Taj east
drain.
Dairies and Piggeries will be regularized and penal action taken on those violating the norms.
Stray dogs in will be caught and immunized after conducting Animal Birth Control operation as
per Animal Birth control (Dog) rules 2001.
82
Description of Activity
Year 1
Qtr 1
Qtr 2
Immediate
Term
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Qtr 3
Year-2
Qtr 4
Medium Term
Qtr 5
Qtr 6 Qtr 7
Qtr 7
Long term
83
6.
4
84
Section
Common
Segment 1
Segment 2
Segment 3
Segment 4
Segment 5
Segment 6/8/11
Segment 7
Segment 9
Segment 10
Segment 12
Segment 13
Segment 14
Drawing Name
Household Toilet
Household Sewer Connection
Extension of Sewer Lines
Interception Drawing for upstream drain discharge
Drain Cover alongside the drain
Redesigned Drain junction
Drain Cover
Cluster septic tank with Reed Beds
Drain Cover and Screen Well
Decentralise Waste Water treatment System (DEWAT)
Baffled Reactor with Reed Beds
Parapet Along the drain
Recharging Pits and Plantation
Cascading Drain with Reeds
Drain Cover and Landscaping
Constructed wetland/lagoons/ponds
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
Sl No
1
2
3
Works Proposed
New HH toilets
Sewer line ext.
HH Sewer connection
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Estimated Cost
8528000.00
19500000.00
4026000.00
500000.00
Unit
Remarks
533 (No)
7500 (RMT)
3660 (No)
Additional Bins,
containers,
tricycles staffs
etc)
500000.00
1160000.00
4000000.00
1857000.00
640000.00
540000.00
1054000.00
1496000.00
2610000.00
6413800.00
3413000.00
1515580.00
563100.00
3688000.00
9007256.00
City has hired an agency for citywide mgt of Solid Waste and
the project will link with the existing system. Only additional
effort will be put in this area
8 times
99
20
21
22
23
24
SEGMENT 13
SEGMENT 14
Community Mobilization
Operation cost (2yrs)
Monitoring & Social Audit
17939616.00
75000000.00
3000000.00
9600000.00
500000.00
17,70,51,352.00
25
7082054.08
26
27
3541027.04
22131419.00
400000 Per
month
18,76,74,433.00
20,98,05,852.00
Component
1 Proposed Interventions for Taj East Drain Improvement
2 Construction of Household Toilets
3 Extension of sewer line and Time-bound household sewer connection plan
4 Community awareness & participation plan
Grand Total
Estimated Cost
Nigam)
Tourism Department
100
Annexure:
1. Total Station Survey maps of Taj East Drain with drainage sections.
2. Slum TSS maps joined along with TED
3. Social Maps developed through site mapping and community
consultations.
4. HH survey formats used for slum survey along with data collected in
17 slums.
5. Location map of water samples and the testing results
6. Details of community meetings in various segments
7. Total catchment area map of Taj East Drain.
101
102
103
104
105
106
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Annexure -3: Social Maps Developed Through Site Mapping And Community Consultations.
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113
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Annexure 4: HH survey formats used for slum survey along with data collected in 17 slums.
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120
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7
6
3
2
4
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Annexure-6: Details of the community meetings in various segments along the drain
Introduction: A detail spatial analysis of Taj East Drain was conducted and several segments were designed as per
need and requirement. Segment wise community consultations were organized in communities along the drain with an
objective to mobilize them on the issues and concerns pertaining to Taj east drain, identify the problems related to waste
management, reasons for HH toilets connected directly with the drain, to find out the types and quantity of solid and liquid
waste discharge in the drain and possible solution of the problems.
Location of Segment/slum level consultation has been shown in the map below:-
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Community mobilization and regular awareness campaign to change the behavior towards cleanliness & drain.
Construction of household toilet in the house those are not having it.
To make sewer line functional and HH toilets to be connected with sewer line.
Regular cleaning and desilting of the drain.
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5. Monitoring of the government and private sweeper as they throw the garbage into the drain, Community should be
involved in the supervision.
6. Dustbins should be placed and cleaned regularly specially along the commercial street.
7. Door to Door waste collection should be done in all the communities those are at the adjacent to the drain.
8. Drains should be covered as far as possible as waste could not go into it.
9. There should be strict monitoring of waste water that is coming from big hotel.
10. Community level segment wise groups should be formed to watch and monitor the drain.
11. A group of 10 people has been formed in segment 1 for the monitoring work.
Segment-4 (Patiram Ki Bagichi / Nawada)
The meeting was done with residents of Patiram Ki Bagichi and Nawada communities. The segment 4 of the drain is
passing through the Patiram Ki Bagichi and Nawada on either side of the road. This meeting was attended by 12-13 from
this area. Followings reasons were discussed for the current condition of the drain.
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131
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5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Dustbins should be placed and cleaned regularly along the drain at places suggested by community group.
Drain should be covered at proper height.
Community mobilization and regular awareness campaign to change the behavior towards cleanliness & drain.
Regular cleaning and desilting of the drain.
Monitoring of the government and private sweeper as they throw the garbage into the drain, Community should be involve
in the monitoring and supervision.
10. Door to Door waste collection should be done in the entire community.
11. Community level segment wise groups need to be formed to watch and monitor the drain.
12. A group of 12 people has been formed in segment 5th for the monitoring work.
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Segment-9 (Kolhai),
The meeting was done with residents along the segment 9 in Kolhai. The segment of drain is passing through the Kolahai
and Telipada on either side of the road. 20 people were present in the meeting that includes 12 men and 8 women.
Followings reasons were discussed for the current condition of the drain.
There are no dustbins on the street, thats why people throw garbage into the drain.
The government sweepers come very irregular in the community.
This drain is coming from last 4-5 KM from the area of Ukhara and Rajpur Chungi. It carries huge solid waste from these
areas. It also carries scavenges of dead animal.
This drain desilting happens before every monsoon but at very superficial level. BUT this time it is being done very good
manner and proper desilting is happening.
Household toilet directly opens into the drain and children also do defecate on the sides of drains.
Although there is sewer line in the community but it is not functional and some streets are not covered with sewer lines.
Some people have directly opened their toilet into the drain.
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People strongly opposed the iron sieve at the entrance of the Sewage Pumping Station (SPS) as this soon will be blocked
by the high amount of solid waste that is coming from the upstream areas.
The whole drain is open that is very dangerous for the people and animals specially children during the rainy season.
People throw their garbage into the drains. There are no dustbins on the street, thats why people have to throw garbage
into the drain.
The government sweepers come very irregular in the community.
The private & government sweeper both throw the collected garbage into the drain.
It also carries scavenges of dead animal.
Household toilet directly opens into the drain and children also do defecate on the sides of drains.
Although the door to door waste collection has been started but the Ultra Urban worker do not come in this community till
date.
Although there is sewer line in the community but it is not functional.
Dustbins should be placed and cleaned regularly along the drain at places suggested by community group.
Drain should be covered at proper height, as water level increased at least one foot from the top of the drain.
Sewer lines need to be functional soon and uncovered area needs to be covered.
Construction of household toilet in the house those are not having it.
Community mobilization and regular awareness campaign to change the behavior towards cleanliness & drain.
Regular cleaning and desilting of the drain.
Monitoring of the government and private sweeper as they throw the garbage into the drain, Community should be involve
in the monitoring and supervision.
8. Door to Door waste collection should be done in the entire community.
9. A group of 9 people has been formed in segment 10 for the monitoring work.
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1. Regular cleaning in the Ambedkar Park and make it as asset for the community. It requires plantation or some
beautification work.
2. Community mobilization and regular awareness campaign to change the behavior towards cleanliness & drain.
3. Construction of household toilet in the house those are not having it.
4. To make sewer line functional and connection of household toilet in to the sewer line and covered the areas those are left
from the sewer line.
5. Regular cleaning and desilting of the drain.
6. Dustbins should be placed and cleaned regularly.
7. Door to Door waste collection should be done in all the communities those are at the adjacent to the drain.
8. A group of 8 people has been formed in segment 13 for the monitoring work.
These committees will meet at least once in a month and will monitor the drain flow and will try to stop the
sweeper as well as other people who throw the waste materials in the drain and these all segment wise groups are
organizing them self into a committee, so that this committee can observe the entire drain.
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Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Subhas Rathor
Ashok Rathor
Ravi Kant
Dharmendra
Ashok Rathor
Ramwati
Munni
Puniya Devi
Gulshan Devi
Kanchan
Age
(Yrs)
27
25
30
22
20
48
50
56
48
55
Education
Contact No.
BA
BA
12th
10th
10th
8th
-
9319515681
9548202888
9719326814
-
Name
Munna lal Munsaf
Govind
Rambabu
Shiv Charan
Guddu
Chhote lal
Narayan
Subhash
Mukesh
Asha
Surama
Age
50
25
65
52
40
70
50
35
42
45
42
Education
5th
8th
5th
5th
8th
5th
5th
-
Contact No.
7520439852
9675830884
-
Name
Sushil
Heera lal
Arvind
Sonu
Nirmla
Ramesh Chand
Ram kali
Chhote Lal
Usha
Jagdish Sone
Manik Chand
Hakim
Age
25
42
35
24
45
48
60
65
50
28
55
45
Education
8th
5th
9th
10th
5th
10th
10th
12th
6th
Contact No.
8881601333
9761410373
9761410373
9760232963
9536372281
9152501014
9808472315
138
Name
Geeta
Bharti
Ramveer Singh
Tulsi Das Tiwari
Om prakash
Chote Lal
Ramesh
Pooran
Naini
Kino Devi
Raghuvanshi
Age
40
42
46
65
48
46
40
45
38
52
50
Education
8th
10th
M. Com.
8th
10th
10th
BA
Contact No.
9412256313
879180535
9319023114
-
Name
Radha Mohan
Ram Gopal
Laxmi
Guddo
Prem Devi
Shri Bhagwan
Ballo
S. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Name
Azad
Kaniza
Madina
Asagar
Kallu Chaudhary
Saket
Saliman
Munna
Zamil
Age
36
60
30
35
60
40
45
Education
6th
8th
6th
5th
Contact No.
9997972944
8800967092
-
Education
8th
5th
5th
8th
6th
-
Contact No.
9368123441
8881903389
9258079969
9589079644
9359288578
-
139
Name
Lakhan Singh
Mukesh
Nageena
Asha
Ravi Kumar
Devi Singh
Jito
Nihal Singh
Age
45
26
49
45
25
45
30
40
Education
10th
12th
BA
8th
5th
5th
Contact No.
8923098847
9368289770
8006288881
8909574655
-
140
141
142