Biology Exam #1 Study Guide
Biology Exam #1 Study Guide
Biology Exam #1 Study Guide
o Filled interior
o Fluid mixture of water, ions, sugars, & other molecules
Ribosome
o RNA/protein complex
o Protein construction
DNA
o Prokaryotes
Suspended in cytoplasm
Nucleoid
o Eukaryotes
Contained in nucleus
What is the fluid mosaic model?
Lipid bilayer of phospholipids
o Each layer has a head thats attracted to water and a tail that
repels water
o Together they drift and spin with each other
o Because the lipid bilayer is liquid at room temperature, it
allows for proteins and other molecules to move across it,
hence fluid mosaic"
Know the properties & structures of a cell membrane
Lipid bilayer
Proteins
Carbs
Steroids
Pores
Channels
Other molecules
Prokaryotic Cells
Structure not complex
No membrane enclosed organelles
Single celled
o Can exist in chains or clusters of cells
No DNA in nucleus, nucleoid
o Single chromosome
Structures
o Cell membrane
o Cell Wall
Bacteria have peptidoglycan (peptides and
polysaccharids)
Archaeans
Proteins
o Capsule
Protection
Toxins
How they compete with one another
White blood cells
Cling to surfaces
Conjugative pili
sex pilus
attach to others
transfer plasmid to receiver
one way transaction
o Flagella
Motion
Eukaryotic Cells
DNA found in membrane bound nucleus
Larger & more complex
Membrane bound organelles
Endosymbiosis Theory
Two separate ancestral prokaryotes become associated
o Larger ate smaller
Smaller could convert food & oxygen into energy
(animal)
Smaller could convert sunlight into energy (plant)
merging in two result in symbiotic relationship
over time, smaller cells evolve into organelles
Evidence
Encloses nucleus
Controls passage of certain molecules
o Endoplasmic Reticulum
Connected to nuclear envelope
Rough ER
Ribosomes
Proteins
Modifies and ships proteins to golgi
Tertiary structure
Smooth ER
No ribosomes
Breakdown carbs, fatty acids
Detoxify (drugs, alcohol)
o Golgi Body
Packaging house
Vesicles fuse with and empty contents to?
ER delivers proteins, lipids,
o Mitochondrion
powerhouse
cellular respiration
ATP
Plant
o