Phosphine Ligand Application Guide
Phosphine Ligand Application Guide
Phosphine Ligand Application Guide
Phosphine Ligand
Application Guide
Phosphine Ligands
CAS No.
Mol. Wt.
Stille
Heck
Sonogashira
PPh3
603-35-0
262.29
PMe3
594-09-2
76.08
PEt3
554-70-1
118.16
P(n-Bu)3
998-40-3
202.32
P(t-Bu)3
13716-12-6
202.32
TTBP HBF4
131274-22-1
290.13
P(n-Oct)3
4731-53-7
370.64
(CN or CO)
Common Name
Suzuki
Negishi
Buchwald-Hartwig
Transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling is an efficient tool for constructing CC, CN and CO bonds in organic synthesis. Intensive
interest has been focused on the development of the most effective ligands that improve catalyst performance. Ligands play a key role
in stabilizing and activating the central metal atom and fine-tuning the selectivity of the transformation. Phosphines continue to be the
most significant class of ligands for cross coupling. This brochure highlights the common applications and advantages of monodentate,
bidentate, Buchwald, cataCXium, and Dalphos ligands, all of which are commercially available from Aldrich Chemistry.
Additional Applications
Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction
93090
93092
T84409
H3C
CH3
P
CH3
Mitsunobu reaction
Transformation of azides into carbamates
Aziridines from azidoalcohols
Reagent for iminophosphoranes
Aza-Wittig reaction
-Arylation of ketones
323322
324108 (1.0M in THF)
324116 (1.0M in toluene)
CH3
H3C
CH3
H3C
CH3
1,4-addition
Acylation
Thioetherification of alcohols
Preparation of active esters
CH3
T49484
247049
t-Bu
t-Bu
P
t-Bu
570958
655325 (1.0M in toluene)
t-Bu
t-Bu P t-Bu
H
BF4-
578940
CH3(CH2)6CH2 P
alkenes
CH2(CH2)6CH3
CH2(CH2)6CH3
117854
718165
PCy3
2622-14-2
280.43
Hiyama coupling
Krische formal [4+2] of dienes and
vicinal diols
261971
PCy3HBF4
P H
58656-04-5
368.24
BF4
631493
Aldrich.com
Order 800-325-3010
Mol. Wt.
Stille
Heck
(CN or CO)
Buchwald-Hartwig
Silylation
CAS No.
Suzuki
CH3
Additional Applications
Common Name
Negishi
Sonogashira
P(o-tol)3
6163-58-2
304.37
Me2PPh
672-66-2
138.15
TFP
5518-52-5
232.17
APhos
932710-63-9
265.37
Diphenyl-2-pyridylphosphine
37943-90-1
263.27
Tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine
2767-80-8
124.08
HPCy2
829-84-5
198.28
HPPh2
829-85-6
186.19
KPPh2
15475-27-1
224.28
Ph2PLi
65567-06-8
192.12
P(i-Pr)2Cl
40244-90-4
152.60
O-Arylation of phenols
Precusor for ligands and metal complexes
HP(t-Bu)2
819-19-2
146.21
P(t-Bu)2Cl
13716-10-4
180.66
CH3
P
H3C
287822
CH3
P
CH3
265020
O
Cycloisomerization/oxidation of alcohols
O
O
383767
t-Bu
P
t-Bu
H3C
N
CH3
677264
Carbonylations
Dehydrogenative coupling
Distannylation
Silylation
Carbostannylation
Hydration
Mitsunobu reaction
Precursor for metal complexes
392960
HO
OH
OH
177881
H
P
666572
H
P
252964
K
P
380768
Li
P
464872
i-Pr
Cl
P
i-Pr
337773
t-Bu
H
P
t-Bu
362719
t-Bu
Cl
P
t-Bu
301558
Cl
P
(CN or CO)
Buchwald-Hartwig
Sonogashira
Heck
Stille
Suzuki
Negishi
Common Name
CAS No.
Mol. Wt.
Cy2PCl
16523-54-9
232.73
Additional Applications
P(OMe)3
121-45-9
124.08
P(OEt)3
122-52-1
166.16
P(OPh)3
101-02-0
310.28
2-Chloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl1,3,2-dioxaphospholane
14812-59-0
182.59
TOPO
78-50-2
386.63
HPOPh2
4559-70-0
202.19
Ph2POCl
1499-21-4
236.63
Acid activation
Alkylphosphine oxide formation
Amine protection
TPPO
791-28-6
278.28
PhPOCl2
824-72-6
194.98
Di-tert-butyl N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite
137348-86-8
277.38
Bis(diisopropylamino)chlorophosphine
56183-63-2
481408
H3CO
OCH3
P
OCH3
92730
240907
H3C
O
P
CH3
O
Reducing agent
Precusor for phosphonates or phosphates
Used with copper(I) iodide to form a stable
CH3
T61204
Ph
metal complex
Ph
O
P
Ph
T84654
H3C
H3C
CH3
P
Cl
CH3
447536
O
CH3(CH2)6CH2 P CH2(CH2)6CH3
CH2(CH2)6CH3
223301
346187
growing nanoparticles
O
P
H
287881
O
P
Cl
230235
O
P
T84603
reactions of enones
O
P Cl
Cl
metal complexes
389560
i-Pr
t-Bu
N
P
i-Pr
O
t-Bu
and nucleotides
419362
i-Pr
i-Pr i-Pr
N
N
P
i-Pr
Cl
266.79
341347
Aldrich.com
Order 800-325-3010
CH3 CH3
N
N
P
H3C
CH3
N
H3C
CH3
2283-11-6
247.36
P(SiMe3)3
15573-38-3
250.54
(CN or CO)
P(NEt2)3
Buchwald-Hartwig
163.20
Sonogashira
Mol. Wt.
1608-26-0
Heck
CAS No.
HMPT
Stille
Common Name
Suzuki
Negishi
Additional Applications
393290
CH3
N
P
H3C
N
H3C
metal complexes
CH3
CH3 CH3
253189
CH3
H3C Si CH3
H3C P
H3C Si
CH3
Phosphorus source
Alternative to phosphine gas
Precursor of (Me Si) PLi
CH3
Si CH3
CH3
333670
Ph
Ph
P
Ph
P
CH3
P
Ph
Triphos
22031-12-5
624.67
PhPCl2
644-97-3
178.98
Et2PCl
686-69-1
124.55
BippyPhos
894086-00-1
506.62
Ph
Ph
380741
Cl
P
Cl
D71984
P
Cl
H3C
CH3
573949
t-Bu
P
N
t-Bu
Ph
halides
N
N
Ph
Ph
Amidation
Coupling of hydroxylamines with aryl
676632
t-Bu
P
Ph Fe Ph
Ph
Ph
Ph
QPhos
312959-24-3
710.71
PTA
53597-69-6
157.15
Bis(p-sulfonatophenyl)
phenylphosphine dihydrate
dipotassium salt
151888-20-9
534.62
6-DPPon
64741-28-2
279.1
t-Bu
675784
N
N
N
P
695467
P
O
KO S
O
MoritaBaylisHillman reactions
Hydrogenations
Olefin hydroformylations
Cyclization
O
S OK
O
2H2O
698539
H
N
RNI00061
New
Breits Regioselective Hydroformylation
Ligand
CH3
DPEPhos
166330-10-5
538.55
()-BINAP
98327-87-8
622.67
(S)-SEGPHOS
210169-54-3
610.57
dppbenz
13991-08-7
446.46
(CN or CO)
578.62
Buchwald-Hartwig
Mol. Wt.
161265-03-8
Sonogashira
CAS No.
XantPhos
Heck
Common Name
Stille
H3 C
Suzuki
Negishi
Hydroamination
O
P
Ph
Ph Ph
Additional Applications
Ph
526460
Ph
Ph Ph
Ph
510017
Ph
P Ph
P Ph
Ph
481084
O
O
693006
Ph
P
P
Ph
Cycloadditions
Addition of arylboronic acids
Baeyer-Villiger oxidation
Reduction of propargyl oxiranes and
Ph
Ph
hydroboration of styrene
460273
Ph
P
Fe
Ph
dppf
12150-46-8
554.38
Ph
P
Ph
CH3
P
Tsuji-Trost allylation
Carbonylation of vinyl triflates
Enantioselective ene reaction
Addition of organoboronic acids to
aldehydes
177261
H3C
dmpe
23936-60-9
150.14
dppm
2071-20-7
384.39
CH3
P
CH3
261939
Ph
P
Ph
P
Ph
Ph
127566
Aldrich.com
Order 800-325-3010
Ph
P
Ph
P
Ph
dppp
6737-42-4
412.44
dppb
7688-25-7
426.47
1,2-Bis(dichlorophosphino)
ethane
28240-69-9
231.81
dcpe
23743-26-2
422.61
DtBPF
84680-95-5
474.42
dnpf
N/A
754.61
(CN or CO)
Buchwald-Hartwig
398.42
Sonogashira
Mol. Wt.
1663-45-2
Heck
CAS No.
dppe
Stille
Common Name
Suzuki
Negishi
Additional Applications
Allylation of ketones
Decarboxylation of allyl esters
[3 + 2] cycloaddition
Carbonylation
Homo-DielsAlder cycloaddition of
Ph
106496
Ph
P
Ph
Ph
P
Ph
262048
Grignard reagents
Ph
P
Ph
P
Ph
Ph
261947
Cl
P
Cl
P
Cl
Cl
complexes
261920
Decarboxylative coupling
Ligand for metal complexes
479500
t-Bu
P
t-Bu
Fe
t-Bu
Arylation
Indolization
P
t-Bu
695149
Fe
L511501
Buchwald Ligands
Buchwald ligands are bulky electron-rich dialkylbiaryl phospines and are known to improve reactivity in palladium catalysis.
These highly active reagents have been extensively applied in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, natural products, polymers, and
new materials. The structure of the dialkylbiaryl ligand is directly correlated to the efficiency of catalysts containing these ligands.
R2
reductive elimination
R3
R2
PR2
(CN or CO)
Buchwald-Hartwig
247940-06-3
350.48
DavePhos
213697-53-1
393.54
XPhos
564483-18-7
476.72
SPhos
657408-07-6
410.53
MePhos
251320-86-2
364.5
RuPhos
787618-22-8
466.64
BrettPhos
1070663-78-3
536.77
Heck
Mol. Wt.
Cyclohexyl JohnPhos
Stille
CAS No.
Suzuki
PCy2
Common Name
Negishi
Sonogashira
638099
PCy2
H3C N
CH3
Additional Applications
Hiyama coupling
Methylation of aryl halides
C-B bond formation
Oxidation of alcohols to ketones
-Arylation of ketones
Kumada-Corriu coupling and -Arylation of
ketones
Hydroamination
638021
Hiyama coupling
Carbonyl enolate coupling
Kumada-Corriu coupling
-Arylation of ketones
-Arylation of oxindoles
i -Pr
i -Pr
i -Pr
638064
Cy2P
OCH3
H3CO
638072
PCy2
H3C
695262
i -Pr O
O i -Pr
663131
Cy2P
H3CO
Pri
iPr
CH3O
Pri
718742
Aldrich.com
Order 800-325-3010
OCH3
(CN or CO)
Buchwald-Hartwig
Sonogashira
Heck
Stille
Common Name
CAS No.
Mol. Wt.
SPhos
1049726-96-6
512.57
PhDavePhos
240417-00-9
381.45
Heteroarene benzylation
tBuXPhos
564483-19-8
424.64
xH2O
Suzuki
Negishi
Additional Applications
and ketones
O
S ONa
O
OCH3
677280
PPh2
H3C N
CH3
695882
tBu P
2
Pri
i
Pr
Pri
638080
PtBu2
JohnPhos
224311-51-7
298.40
Tetramethyl di-tBuXPhos
857356-94-6
480.75
tBuMePhos
255837-19-5
312.43
-Arylation of ketones
Formate reduction of N-heterocyclic allylic
638439
tBu P
H3C 2 Pri
i
H3C
Pr
Pri
CH3
H3C
675938
PtBu2
acetates
H3C
695211
iPr
H3CO tBu2P
tBuBrettPhos
1160861-53-9
484.69
tBuDavePhos
224311-49-3
341.47
-Arylation of esters
C-Si bond formation
JackiePhos
1160861-60-8
796.66
iPr
CH3O
Pr
730998
nonaflates to nitroaromatics
PtBu2
H3C N
CH3
695874
CF3
F3C
CH3O
CF3
iPr
CF3
i
Pr
CH3O
iPr
731013
10
cataCXium Ligands
cataCXium Ligands are highly effective ligands for palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Di-adamantylalkylphosphine, known
as cataCXium A, is a bulky and electron-rich phosphine ligand used for Heck and Suzuki couplings, Buchwald-Hartwig amination of
arylchlorides, and -arylation reactions of ketones. In reactions, these ligands allow for low catalyst loadings used under mild conditions.
Recently, another class of basic, sterically hindered phosphines featuring phosphino-substituted N-aryl pyrroles (cataCXium P) has
shown high catalyst turnover numbers for the Suzuki coupling of both electron-rich and electron-deficient aryl chlorides.
R
PR2
cataCXium AHI
714951-87-8
486.45
cataCXium PtB
672937-61-0
cataCXium PIntB
(CN or CO)
358.54
Buchwald-Hartwig
Mol. Wt.
321921-71-5
Sonogashira
CAS No.
cataCXium A
Heck
Common Name
Stille
Suzuki
cataCXium P
Negishi
cataCXium A
Additional Applications
Arylation
287.38
Dehydrogenation of iso-propanol
740815-37-6
337.44
cataCXium PCy
672937-60-9
339.45
cataCXium POMetB
1053658-91-5
317.41
CH3
671479
HI
P
CH3
671584
N
Ph
t-Bu
P
t-Bu
672661
t-Bu
P
N
Ph
t-Bu
672343
N
Ph
672017
N
H3CO
t-Bu
P
t-Bu
672564
Aldrich.com
Order 800-325-3010
DalPhos Ligands
The bulky di(1-adamantyl)phosphino [P(1-Ad)2] fragment is common to the DalPhos ligand scaffold. These chelating N,P ligands are
useful for Pd-catalyzed C-N and C-C bond formation. The more reactive Mor-DalPhos improves the scope and utility of ammonia
coupling at room temperature, and is also effective in coupling of hydrazine and acetone.
NH3
[Pd]/Mor-DalPhos
NH2
NaOt Bu
(CN or CO)
Buchwald-Hartwig
Sonogashira
Cs2CO3
Heck
X
R
Stille
NaOt Bu
Acetone
[Pd]/Mor-DalPhos
NHNH2
Suzuki
NH2NH2
[Pd]/Mor-DalPhos
Negishi
Common Name
CAS No.
Mol. Wt.
Me-DalPhos
1219080-77-9
421.6
Additional Applications
Mor-DalPhos
1237588-12-3
463.63
Di(1-adamantyl)-1-piperidinylphenylphosphine
1237588-13-4
461.66
New
CH3
N
CH3
751413
N
P
751618
N
P
759198
11
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