RC 1976 06
RC 1976 06
RC 1976 06
CONSTRUCTOR
HOMODYNE S.S.B.RECEIVER
ALSO
FEATURED
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Possessi
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up to C6pbelOngings
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Each 3 unit of Home Unit Insurance gives you protection up to the limit shown
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And it's how we save you so much money: just ONE The Home Unit Policy can replace your existing insurances
And remember- as you buy more possessions just add
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You can build up to the cover you need by additional, units more Home Units at any time.
Oriole Re/. 20,9468
Address
RAMMECTROMICS
CONSTRUCTOR
JUNE 1976
Volume 29 No.
CONTENTS
11
662
664
by A. P. Roberts
BOOK REVIEW
BURGLAR ALARM CIRCUITS
(Suggested Circuit 307)
668
669
by G. A. French
Editorial and Advertising Offices
57 MA /DA VALE LONDON W9 1SN
Telephone
01 -286 6141
Telegrams
Databux, London
NEW PRODUCTS
LOW -VALUE OHMMETER
by M. G. Robertson
687
688
690
686
by Brian Reay
680
by Recorder
OSCAR 8
678
by R. A. Penfold
673
674
by Arthur C. Gee
692
by D. W. Savage
694
Binary
Gambling Device
ZENER
TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS
698
IN YOUR WORKSHOP
Jones
CAN ANYONE HELP?
by
--
No. 11
ELECTRONICS DATA
What Resistors Do)
(For the Beginner
704
F. T.
705
COMPONENTS
st class letter
(1
T03 or T066
VALVE BASES
Printed circuit B9A -B7G
Chassis 87 -B7G
Shrouded chassis B7G -B9A
B8A -B9A chassis -B12A tube
4p
8p
10p
10p
-- -- -
"x24"x11"
48p
12
SWITCHES
Pole
Way
4
4
2
2
2
Type
Sub. Min. Slide
18p
Slide
20p
Lever Slide
15p
Slide
12p
13 amp small rotary
12p
Locking with 2 to 3 keys
"x8 "x3"
20 -20- 20/350
1.50
RESISTORS
+ watt
1 p
1 watt
2p
Up to 5 watt wire 10p
10 watt wire
12p
wound
15 watt ..
.. 14p
or 2% three times
price.
Semiconductor Data
---
1.50
2
2 Amp 250V A.C. rotary 24p
Wafer Rotary, all types
30p Book 263 pages. Covers
S.P.S.T. 10 am 240v. white rocker switch with 2N21 through to
neon. 1" square flush panel fitting
45p 2N5558 plus some
1
AUDIO LEADS
Skeleton Presets
Slider, horizontal or vertical standard or submin. 5p
POTS
HILL, BATTERSEA,
650
INDICATORS
16p
32p
44p
60p
25p
CONNECTOR STRIP
40p Belling Lee L1469, 4 way polythene. 6p each
52p
Dual Pots
Dual & switch
Lin wirewound
Slider Pot
Dual Slider
I 5m
Edgetype
8p
THERMISTORS
VA1008, VA1034,I
RADIO SHACK
THEJOHNS
LONDON
p.m. Monday to Saturday
40p each
Switched
VA1039, VA1040,
IOp
VA1055, VA1066,
VA1082, VA1100
KNOBS
V.41077,
SILVER METAL PUSH ON WITH POINTER, OR VA1005, VA1026 15p
WHITE PLASTIC, GRUB SCREW WITH GOLG
RELAYS
CENTRE 8p EACH
1" DIAM. WITH 1h" SKIRT SPUN ALUMINIUM 12 volt S.P.C.0 octal
GRUB SCREW FIXING, 1-" 36p EACH
mercury wetted high
75p
speed
ZM1162A INDICATOR TUBE
P.O. 30)0 type, 1,000
0 -9 Inline End View. Rectangular Envelope 170V
OHM coil, 4 pole c/o
2.5M /A
1.50
60p
Mai,1s or 12v d.p.c.o
REGULATED TAPE MOTOR
9v d.c. nominal approx 1;'' diameter
Bop heavy duty octal 80p
Boxed GEC KT88
Ferric Chloride, Anhydrous mil. spec. 1Ib. bag 50p' valve
.. 2
161 ST.
Open 10'a.m. till
---
S.W.11
f"
-i
79 ohm
66+66-158
41x--x- ",
lf
ohm
OUTPUT TRANSFORMERS
Sub -miniature Transistor Type
Valve type, centre tapped or straight
24p
30p
3p
25p
30p
40p
30p
7p
4p
1p
5p
2p
50p
40p
SEMICONOUCTORS
Full spec marked by Mullard. etc. Many other types In stock
AC107
12p
BC184C/LC
BF180/1/2/3 ..
..
9p
15p
AC128.
10p
..
BC186/7
..
13p BF184/5
15p
AC176
11p BC213L/214B ..
9p BF194/5,'6/7
7p
ACY28..
10p
..
..
BF 194A/195C/200 10p
18p BC26113
BC327/8
AD149 ..
40p
10p BF258/262/263
20p
AD161 /2 matched pr. 69p
BC337/8
..
11p BF336
25p
7p BFS28 Dual Mostet 92p
AF116
12p
..
BC547/558A
..
AF124/6/7
9p
20p
13C548/557
26p
BFW10/11 F.E.T.
AF1 3 9/1 7 8/1 80/ 8 30p
BC548/A/557/559 9p BFW30
.. 1.35
AF239 ..
..
20p
..
12p
BCX32/36
20p
BFW57/58
..
ASY27/73
..
BCY40
60p
25p
20p
BFX12
12p
BC107A or B ..
9p
BCY70/1/2
16p
BFX29130/84/88
7p
..
40p BFX89..
BC107/8/9
BD112/3/5/6
35p
BC108A/B/1098/C 10p
30p RFY50/1/2
BD131/2/3/5/7/9
12p
7p
BC147/8/9
..
..
45p BFY90 ..
BD142..
50p
8p
BC147A/B
BD201/2/3/4 .. 1.00 BR101 l
30
ammable
p
BC148A/B/C, 9B/C/S 8p BD232/4/5
..
46p BRY39 } Uni junction
31p
BC157/8/9
BDX77
1.40 BRY56J
..
7p
34 P
..
BC158A/B
11p
BF115
10p BSV64
40p
BC159B/C,157A
11p
BF167/173
BSV79/80 F.E.T.s
10p
1
Sup
20p BSV81 Mosfet ..
BC178A/B/179B 10p BF178/9
BRIDGE RECTIFIERS
Volt
Amp
Amp
Volt
1,600
BYX10
30p
15p
EC433
0.6
110
1
140
OSH01-200 20p
75p
5
Texas
400
1.4
42
51p
BY164
.
RECTIFIERS
Amp
Volt
400
1
6001
1
800
1,000
1,500
100
1.5
1.5
400
1,250
1.5
1N4004
IN4005
IN4006
IN 4007
BY103
SR100
SR400
REC53A
LT102
BYX38-600
BYX38-300R
BYX38-900
BYX38-1200
BYX49-600
BYX49-300
BYX49-900
BYX49-1200
BYX48-300
BYX48-600
BYX48-900
BYX48-1200
BYX72-150R
BYX72-300R
BYX72-500R
BYX42-300
BYX42-600
BYX42-900
BYX42-1200
OPTO ELECTRONICS
4p
6p
BPX40
65p
BPX42
1.00
BPY10
1.00
(VOLTIAC)
Photo transistor
1.00
BPX29
BPY68
1.00
BPY69
BPY77
Diodes
1
1
30
600
300
900
1,200
600
300
900
1,200
300
600
900
1,200
150
300
500
300
600
900
1,200
300
400
500
600
200
300
1,200
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.b
2.5
6
6
6
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
15
15
15
15
25
BYX46-300
BYX46-400
BYX46-500
BYX46-600
BYX20-200
BYX52-300
40
BYX52-1200
40
*Avalanche type
TRIACS
Volt
Amp
6
800
Plastic RCA
900
BTX94 -900
25
1200
25
BTX94 -1200
12 -0 -12 50M /A Min. Txfmr.
RS 2mrn Terminals
Black
Chrome Car Radio facia
Rubber Car Radio gasket
13aie &
..
..
Relay socket
Take miniature 2PC'0 relay
B7G or B9A valve can
.
15p
7p
8p
14p
10p
55p
43p
80p
85p
34p
26p
40p
52p
40p
50p
60p
80p
35p
45p
55p
30p
65p
80p
95p
1.00
1.50
1.75
2.00
60p
f1.75
2.50
90p
4.00
6.00
for 40p
15p
5p
50p
10p
5p
360
dial, silver digits, self adhesive,
..
..
BIG L.E.D.
2v 50m /A
RED
ORANGE
GREEN
CV7042 (0C41
ASY63)
GET111
0C35
ON222
TI P30
43p
TI P3055
50p
23p
TIS88A FET
ZTX300
ZTX341
13p
16p
30p
9p
2N393/MA39 3..
2N706 ..
14p
35p
2N1507/2219
14p
2N2401/2412/2483 25p
2N290415/6/7 ..
10p
2N2907A
..
13p
13p
2N3053
2N3054/3055(or equiv) 35p
18p
..
2N3133
9p
2N3704
..
35p
2N4037
..
60p
2N5036
31p
2SA14112/360 ..
2N929
2N987
2S8135'6/457..
40250
1N916
1N4148
8p
2p
15p
10p
Centercel
BZY61
10p
8B103/110 Varicap 14p
BA145/148
BB1
Varicap
BA182
Triple
0A5/7/10
CIRCUITS
Volt
max.
13p
240 BTX18-200
400 BTX18-300
..
240 BTX30-200
..
500 BT107
500 BT101 -500R
..
500 BT109 -500R
600 BTW92 -600RM
800 BTX95 -800R Pulse Modulated
1000 78710 (Less Nut)
15
6.5
6.5
20
15
30
10p
14p
T7ATEO
20
723 reg IT0991_45p
741 8 pin d.i.l. oo.
20p
Amp
0.2"
15p
... 37p
18p
44p Amp
YELLOW
CLIP
2p
PHOTO SILICON
CONTROLLED
SWITCH BPX66 PNPN 10 amp 1.00
23p
25p
23p
1.00
90p
75p
3.00
8.00
3.00
Multitore Solder
PAPER BLOCK CONDENSER
.3" red 7 segment L.E.D. 14
30p
800 volt
18SWG 3p per foot
0.25M FD
D.P. display 1.9v,
D.I.L. 0 -9
15p
1MFD
250 volt
10m /a segment, common
20p ENAM. COPPER WIRE
250 volt
70p 2MFD
anode
80p SWG.
lOMFD
500 volt
PER YD.
20p 20 -24
250 volt
4M FD
3p
COY11 B L.E.D.
I.0 extraction and insertion
2.5p
Infra red transmitter
1
26 -42
40p
todl
One fifth of trade
GARRARD
METAL CHASSIS SOCKETS
GCS23T or GP93/1
Plastic, Transistor or Diode Car Aerial
Crystal Stereo CartHolder
1p Coax
ridge
1.00
9p
Transistor or Diode Pad 1p 5 or 6 pin 240' din
HANDLES
din switched
Holdersorpads 50pper100 Speaker
3.5mm Switched Socket
Rigid light blue nylon
61" with secret fitting
8 way Cinch standard
15p
Philips Iron Thermostat
8p
Bulgin 2 -pin flat plug and socket 10p
0.15 pitch edge socket screws
McMurdo PP108 8 way edge plug 10p
20p
Belling Lee white
TO3 HEATSINK
plastic surface coax
U.E.C.L. 10 way pin
Europlec HP1 TO3B individual 'curly'
outlet box 35p
power transistor type. Ready drilled 20p connector 2B6000
10p Miniature Axial Lead
0A1 P10
Tested unmarked, or marked
U.E.C.L. 20 way pin
Ferrite Choke formers
ample lead ex new equipment
connector
2p
5p
ACY17-20
8p
OC71/2
20p
2A60000A1P20
10p
ASZ20
8p
0C200-5
RS 10 Turn Pot 1%
TIC44
24p
ASZ21
15p
U.E.C.L. 10 way pin
250, 500 f!. 1, 50,
2-50 socket 28606001810
BC186
11p
2G240
100K
1.50
6p
BCY30-34 10p
2G302
10p
10p
BCY70/1/2
Bp
2G401
Copper coated board
U.E.C.L. 20 way pin
10p
25p
BF115
2N711
10" x 9" approx.40p
BY127
7p socketB 260800A1 R 20
9p
2N2926
TIE CLIPS
6p
BZY88 series 5p
2N598/9
20p
8p
Nylon self locking 7"
HG1005
2p
2N1091
PLUG
3.5mm
STEREO
8p
HG5009
2p
2N1302
or 31"
2p
Metal screened
35p
2-50
HG5079
2p
2N1907
Geared Knob
L78/9
2p
Germ. diode 1p
Philips electronic eng8 -1 ratio 1s" diam,
10p
M3
GET120 (AC128
ineer kits add on series
3p
in 1"sq. heat sink)
OA81
black 70p
1.00 each
E1004
3p
20p
OA47
1lb Mixed bolts, nuts,
RS Yellow Wander
12p
3p
GET872
OA200-2
45p
washers etc.
Plug Box of 12, 25p
2S3230
30p
20p
0C23
ORDERS,
ENCLOSE SUITABLE
SMALL
STAMPED ADDRESSED ENVELOPE
LARGE ORDERS, ADD SUFFICIENT FOR
POSTAGE, INSURANCE, ETC.
TOTAL GOODS PLUS CARRIAGE. ADD V.A.T.
.I["N1? 1976
OCP71
BSY95A
BUf05-01
13p
28p
9p
93p
0C44,
7p
40p
32/ip
30p
.
90p
41' dia.
BSX20/21
BSY40
651
PRICE: 8.00
NEWNES CONSTRUCTORS GUIDE
PRICE: 2.00
by M. J. HUGHES
PRICE: 2.00
ELECTRONIC DIAGRAMS
by M. A. Colwell
PRICE: 2.00
I.
R.
Sinclair
PRICE: 1.50
PRICE: 2.60
by N. M. Morris
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
by M. A. Colwell
PRINTED CIRCUIT ASSEMBLY
by R. H. Warring
PRICE: 2.70
THE RADIO AMATEUR'S HANDBOOK 1976
by A. R.R.L.
PRICE: 4.85
19 -21
1. Understand
electronics.
2. Become a
radio amateur.
Learn how to become a radioamateur in contact with the whole
Build an oscilloscope.
(2) Read, draw and understand
(1)
circuit diagrams.
(3) Carry out over 40 experiments on basic electronic
circuits and see how
they work.
itill MIlMI
MIi"
WAA
NAME
ADDRESS
---_-------------- a
652
- - --'
lEI-
WILMSLOW AUDIO
THE Firm for speakers!
SPEAKERS
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
SPEAKERS
8.64 Fane Crescendo 18, 8 or 16 ohms
Fane 910 Mk.11 horn
E 10.25
14.00 Fane 920 Mk.11 horn
18.62 Fane HPX1 crossover 200 watt
12.38 Fane 13 x 8, 15 watt dual cone
E10.69 Fane 801T 8`d/c, roll surr.
SPEAKER KITS
667.95 Baker Major Module 3, 8 or 15 ohms each 13.28
each 13.28
15.75 Goodmans DIN 20 4 or 8 ohms
pair 42.47
36.95 Goodmans Mezzo Twin kit
62.50 Helme XLK 20
pair f 13.50
pair 17.10
5.50 Helme XLK 30
pair 21.60
8.95 Helme XLK 35
Axent 100
pair 631.50
7.60 Helme XLK 40
pair 50.40
Audiom 200 8 ohms
13.46 Helme XLK 50
pair 44.10
KEFkit
Axiom 402 8 or 15 ohms
19.80
pair 39.38
Twinaxiom 8, 8 or 15 ohms
9.50 KEFkit Ill
each 15.70
Twinaxiom 10, 8 or 15 ohms 9.86 Peerless 20 -2
Castle BRS/DD 4/8 ohms
each
621.95
30
-28
5.95 Peerless
8P 8 or 15 ohms
Celestion G12M 8 or 15 ohms
each 23.90
10P 8 or 15 ohms
6.25 Peerless 20 -3
15.95 Goodmans
Celestion G12H 8 or 15 ohms
36.45
each
(r)oilmans 12P 8 or 15 ohms
14.95 Peerless 50 -4
Celestion G12/50 8 or 15 ohms
16.50 Goodmans 12PG 8 or 15 ohms
pair 50.40
i6.50 Peerless 1060
Celestion G12/50TC 8 or 15 ohms
1800
each 41.40
12PD 8 or 15 ohms
16.95 Peerless 1070
Celestion G15C 8 or 15 ohms
26.95 Gor,Imans
each 45.00
Goodmans 12AX 8 or 15 ohms
38.00 Peerless 120
34.50
Celestion G18C 8 or 15 ohms
Allan
Twin
assembly
each 13.46
Goodmans 15AX 8 or 15 ohms
45.00Richard
6.96
Celestion HF1300 8 or 15 ohms
Allan
Triple
8
each 20.25
Goodmans 15P 8 or 15 ohms
22.50Richard
8.55
Celestion HF2000 8 ohms
each 25.16
39.00Richard Allan Triple 12
13.50 Goodmans 18P 8 or 15 ohms
Celestion MH1000 8 or 15 ohms
Richard
Super
Triple
Allan
each 29.25
16.00
4.46 roodma8s Hifax 750P
Celestion CO3K
pair 37.80
Goodmans 5" midrange 8 ohms
4.05 Richard Allan RA8 Kit
pair 59.40
12 "" 200 watt
84.00 Richard Allan RA82 Kit
Decca London ribbon horn
28.80 Gauss 15.
65.70
Richard
pair
Allan
RA82L
Kit
200 watt
96.00
6.75 Gauss
Decca London CO /1000/8 Xover
II
Kit
Linton
pair 20.81
18"
Gauss
200
watt
129.00W1'arfedale
17.25
Decca DK30 ribbon horn
pair 47.70
4.50 Jordan Watts Module, 4, 8 or 15 ohms 15.36 Wharfedale Glendale 3XP Kit
Decca C0/1/8 Xover (DK301
pair 59.40
Wharfedale Dovedale Ill Kit
Kef T27
5.16
EMI 14 e 9 Bass 8 ohms 14A770
611.92 Kef T15
E6.25
3.56
EMI 8 x 5, 10 watt, d /cone, roll surr.
HI -FI
6.75
3.38 Kef 8110
EMI 6i " d /cone, roll surr. 8 ohms
7.85
ON DEMONSTRATION
3.38 Kef B200
Elac 59RM109 (151 59RM114 (8)
in our showrooms:
15.08
3.83 Kef 9139
Dac 6 }" d /cone, roll surr. 8 ohms
Akai. Armstrong. Bowers & Wilkins, Castle,
2.08
3.83 Kef DN8
Dac 10" 10RM239 8 ohms
Celestion, Dual, Goodmans, Kef, Leak, Pioneer,
5.39
DN12
Kef
Eagle Crossover 3000hz 3, 8 or 15 ohms 1.75
Radford, Richard Allan. Rotel, Tandbera. Trio.
E4.05
Ea'.1le FR4
5.51 Kef DN13 SP1015 or SP1017
Videotone, Wharfedale, etc.
E30.60
8.66 Lowther PM6
Eagle FR65
32.85
-Ask for our HiFi price
11.08 Lowther PM6 Mk.l
Eagle FR8
48.60
14.06 Luwrher PM7
Eagle FR10
7.25
3.96 Peerless KO1 ODT 4 or 8 ohms
Eagle HT1 5
8.26
ohms
DTIOHFC
8
6.13
Peerless
THIS MONTHS SPECIALSI
Eagle HT21
9.50
4.00 Peerless K040MRF 8 ohms
Eagle MHT10
2.95 Pioneer PL12D 43.00, Pioneer PL15R 53.00,
8
ohms
Peerless
MT225HFC
8.10
Pioneer 5X434 98.95
Eagle FF28 multicell. horn
19.80
Richard Allan CA12 12" bass
Rotel RX202 80.00
11.93
f5.25 Richard Allan HP8B
Fane Pop 15, 8 or 16 ohms
Videotone
Minimax II 39.00
E8.33
8.75 Richard Allan LP8B
Fane Pop 33T, 8 or 16 ohms
6.08
12.50 Richard Allan DT20
Fane Pop 50, 8 or 16 ohms
E16.20
We stock the complete Radford range of
615.50 Richard Allan CN8280
Fane Pop 55, 8 or 16 ohms
3,15
amplifiers, preamplifiers, power amplifiers,
17.95 Richard Allan CN820
Fane Pop 60, 8 or 16 ohms
16.95 tuners etc., and also Radford Audio Laboratory
18.75 Richard Allan Super Disco 60W 12"
Fane Pop 70. 8 or 16 ohms
5.90 equipment, low distortion oscillator, distortion
27.95 STC 4001G
Fane Pop 100, 8 or 16 ohms
Tannoy
10"
HPD
67.50
measuring set, audio noise meter etc.
37.95
Fane Crescendo 12A, 8 or 16 ohms
73.76
Fane Crescendo 12BL, 8 or 16 ohms
39.95 Tannoy 12" HPD
INCLUDE VAT IPrices correct at 6/5/76)
ALL
PRICES
88.15
Fane Crescendo 15/100A, 8 or 16 ohms 49.95 Tannoy 15" HPD
13.50
Fane Crescendo 15/125, 8 or 16 ohms 57.95 Wharfedale Super 10 RS/DD 8 ohms
Send stamp for free 32 -page booklet
"Choosing a Speaker"
Goodmans
16.31
9.00 Goodmans
14.65 Goodmans
19.41 Goodmans
8.28 Goodmans
Goodmans
list-
JUNE 1976
WILMSLOW
AUDIO
DEPT REC
LOUDSPEAKERS. MAIL ORDER AND EXPORT:
SWAN WORKS. BANK SQUARE, WILMSLOW
HIFI, RADIO & TV: SWIFT OF WILMSLOW. 5
SWAN STREET, WILMSLOW CHESHIRE
PA. HIFI & ACCESSORIES: WILMSLOW
AUDIO, :0 SWAN STREET, WILMSLOW
CHESHIRE
TELEPHONE: LOUDSPEAKERS, MAIL ORDER
WILMSLOW 29599
EXPORT
AND
HIFI, RADIO ETC., WILMSLOW 28213
653
Si-PAil
STEREO FM TUNER
Typical Specification:
FET Input Stage
VARI -CAP diode tuning
Sensitivity 39 volts
Stereo separation 30db
Switched AFC
Multi turn pre -sets
Supply required 20 -30v
LED Stereo Indicator
at 90 Ma max.
*
*
*
19.95
STEREO
PRE-AMPLIFIER PA
40
1461.
The S450 is supplied fully built, tested and aligned. The unit is easily
AL
VAT
ADD
12%x7.
25 Watts (RMS)
20Hz -2oKHz
Sensitivity of inputs:
1. Tape input 100mV
into 100K ohms
2. Radio Tuner 100mV into 100K
ohms
MK60 AUDIO KIT: Comprising: 2
x ALSO.
13.50
x SPM80.
x PA 00,45p
front panel and knobs.
Kit of parts to include on/off switch,
neon indlcator, stereo headphone sockets
plus instruction booklet. COMPLETE
PRICE 27.55 plus 62p postage.
TEAK 60 AUDIO KIT: Comprising: Teak
cabinet size 161" x
}" x 37 ", other parts include aluminiumveneered
chassis, heatsink and front
panel bracket plus back panel and
appropriate sockets etc. KIT PRICE
9.20 plus 62p postage.
1
100
COMPLETE AUDIO
STEREO 30 CHASSIS
3.95
7 +7
Dimensions:
654
3.00
WATTS R.M.S.
of
Stereo 30
amplifiers
e rs and power supply. This,
with only the addition
ion
or overwind will produce a high
atransfoormer
quality audio unit suitable for
wide range of inputs i.e. high quality
use with
ceramic pick-up, stereo tuner, stereoa
tape deck, etc. Simple to install,
capable of producing really first
results, this unit is supplied
with full instructions, black front panel, class
mains switch, fuse and fuse
knobs,
and universal mounting
enabling it to be installed in a holder
record plinth, cabinets of your brackets
struction or the cabinet available.
own conIdeal
for
the
beginner or the advanced
constructor who requires Hi -Fi performance
with a minimum of installation difficulty (can be installed
in 30 minutes)
TRANSFORMER 2.45
plus 62p p &p
TEAK CASE 3.65 plus 62p p
&p
RADIO
&
15.15
p. & p.
45p
ELECTRONICS CONSTRUCTOR
IT'S NEW!
IT'S POWERFUL
MPA
30
provided with
standard DIN
existing ceramic
high quality prefacilities exist for
are 4 low noise,
2.6
POSTAGE &
PACKING
Postage and Packing add
25p unless otherwise
shown. Add extra airmail
POWER AMPLIFIER
Specially designed for use in:
Disco Units, P.A. Systems,
high power Hi -Fi, Sound
reinforcement systems.
module has a sensitivity of
450mV and a frequency response
extending from 25Hz to 20KHz
whilst distortion levels are typically
below 1%. The use of 4, 11 5w transistors in the output stage makes
the unit extremely rugged while
damage resulting from incorrect or
short- circuit loads is prevented by a
4 transistor protection circuit.
minimum 1.00
AL1O-20-30.
AUDIO AMPLIFIER
MODULES
The
5PECIF/CATION:
3utput Power 125watt
i.M.S. Cant nuous.
Total
va tts.
Semiconductor complement,
13 transistors, 5 diodes.
Overall size: Heatsink width
in
Harmonic
f
watts
Post watts
5OHz -25KHz
ALIO 3w R.M.S.
,t.230
2.95
PA12
distortion
f.50
Po -=3
20Hz
harmonic
Distortion
kHz 0,25%
PS12
20KHz (-3db)
1.20
655
LATEST
BOUND VOLUME
No. 28
of
0'!'01*
gie/G49 bt//.P.
>
Can be
built Stage
32KIT
PRICE
Burli and
t,
INC.
.t,d 42.00
rne, VAT
OO
by stage
Ask Lot
leaflets 5.
Everything,
Pp.
necessary
supplied.
Full after
sales
service and
guarantees.
2350
TUNER KIT 4
i
TEXAN FM
ulc. VAT
505,
obit
Henry's latest
ELECTRONICS
CATALOGUE
VIDEO SPORT
I
_1l
If
.rk'
-
TV aerial
socket.
YOU're away
Choose 'n pr game
- football
Thole -n .Iho
tennis
*
25.00 ALREADY
SOLD
PRICE
ne VAT
50p1)4
OVER
10,000
* IDEAL GIFT
PRICES
VOL. 25
7f
/1R5
/
f,.1
l(l
65p
P &P
65p
P &P
VOL. 27
50p
yERA
65p
ti
'
GENERAL
PURPOSE
TRANSISTOR
t3
NEW ELECTROLYTICS
10.95
2/350V
4/350V
8/350V
16/350V
Post 75p
18p
16. 16.16/275v 45p
20p 50.50'300V
50p
22p 100.100,275v 650 32.32 450V
75p
30p 150.200/275v 70p 100,50.50:'350V85p
4.50
20p' 250/25V
200 500/25V
50p
50p
50p
50p
30,000/25
4700'Ii3V
-.
--r'
(+I
R.C.S.
DISCO
DECK
SINGLE
RECORD
PLAYER
Post 65p
.4.
Fitted with auto stop. stereo/compat. cartridge. Base plate. Size 11 in. e 8 }in. Turntable. Size 7in. diameter. A/C
mains. 220/250V motor has a separate winding 14 volt
amplifier.
size rec.
power a
Post
plays all size records.
3 speeds alsm
LL
Two for C12.
45p
6a25
MAINS TRANSFORMERS
5opP0ch
22.50
85p carriage
SMITH'S CLOCKWORK
15 AMP TIME SWITCH
0 -60 MINUTES
Single pole two -way Sudase mounting with fixing screws
Will replace existing wall switch to give light for return
home, garage, automatic anti -burglar lights etc. Variable
knob. Turn on or off at full or intermediate settings.
Fully insulated, Makers last list price 14.50. Brand new and
fully guaranteed.
2.95
OUR PRICE
Alm/ available 0 -6 hours.
Post 35p.'
EA.
JUNE 1976
17.50
Stereo kit
f1.25
rnunnthiq
75p
14.60
f 2.95
PENDULUM MECHANISM
Aeration over 250 fors continuous on SP2 battery,
and speed. Ideal displays teaching
20p
RA2W
OPT1
LFDT4
851
65p
65p
Iwnl Gang
Primed
Circuit
C2
85p
AMPLIFIER CHASSIS
CfilD
2.20
VOLUME CONTROLS
3.25
iraable swing
n
Complete with 12ft twin lead fitted with din speaker plug.
Parody assembled with leads for speakers, bass, mod and
950 cps and
tweeter. Crossover frequencies
L L
3 000 cps. For systems up to 25 watts,
ELECTRO MAGNETIC
EACH
45p
Wirnw
l ic i t
.inrI h.lc.
Open 9
,rip
f 52
Carr.
11.25
'I
TS/
h1N63
30v
2a. 6,
3a 6,
5a. 6. 8, 10, 12,
5 8, 10, 16v
Weight 131s.
Bargain price
r
F+CB
14.60
8, 12 12. 16. 18, 20. 24. 30. 36 40, 48. 60 17.00
B. 10 12. 16, 18. 20, 24. 30. 36, 40, 48, 60 18.70
At lr u t .,.,
Teak finish
Post 75p
Muno ke
6.95
R.C.S. 10 WATT
AMPLIFIER KIT
f3.45
--
alai,
6.95
Bookshelf Cabinet
16 x 10
For
f8.95
'i. illa.lranet
Post 45p
f 7.95
Ho If rni "
20 watt version
8or15 ohm -
22,25.50,68. 150,470.500.680.1500,2200.3300.
mkt all 6 volt 1Op ea.
22.25,68, 100 ,150.200,220.330,470.680.1000.
5.25
rB ohm
9ii',t0
will!
15
75u
95p
95e
Post 75p
37.:32.32'350
Wed.
Rail Selhurst.
Sat. 9
657
BI-PRE-PAK
BPP
POWER TRANSISTORS
Packs
Semi - Conductors
Component Packs
CPI 150 Capacitors, mixed beg of paper, silver mica. electrolyyttics. etc. Approx quantity. counted by
tages
eOp
CP5
40P1
El .20.
each.
megohm
40N2
40P2
90N1
Vc
Watts
15
20
40
3
4
40
45
4
4
4
20p
p
30p
25p
25p
;5p
40
40
15
15
9OP1
90N2
90P2
1c Amps
45
90
40
40
90
Price
em.
16p
14p; 14 -pin
- 15p;
75P
16 -pin
Sundry
volts.
TP18 20 2N3707/8/9/10 transistors, NPN silicon plastic,
unmarked.
TP19 100 Diodes, mixture of germanium, gold bonded,
silicon, etc. a useful selection of many types, marked and unmarked.
TP20 10 Mullard OC45 transistors, I.F. amp. PNP germanium.
SINGLES
Bridge Rectifiers, Plastic encapsulated
P
50v
amp
25p
4
6
amp
amp
45p
60
400v
100v
45p
80p
90p
35p
60p
e0p
pair
in
COW
perfect order_pe,
60OPp
6" Long Na.. Plias: Not new. but in perfect order,
pair
En -GPO
per
eOD
Mains Transformers:
MT6 6v 0 6v 100mA
MT12 12v 0 12v 50mA
SST9/1 9v amp
SST12/1 12v lamp
SST18/1 18v lamp
SST25/2 25v 2amp
E1.22
E1.22
E1.67
E2.06
E2.60
E3.00
E4.26
E6.60
Sises
21..
Pitch
.158"
.156"
.156"
.156"
.156"
.156"
Price
32p
bop
bop
76p
86p
loop
80p ea.
BOOKS
Butterworth as well as reference books from the Common Market in English / Gorman lltalian. All detailed in
voltages
Cl 20
CP21 200 Square inches of copper laminate P.C. board, in
approx. 8 pieces
CP22 3 Fibreglass plain printed circuit boards, approx 2yy x
Also:
miixxeed
,
1"
ems
PQE.PPK
01
9r.pqE
p4K
jjjjjj
f1
Pz1Ir
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4,iII
THYRISTORS.
TRIACS,
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ZENER DIODES,
OPTO-ELECTRONICS,
TERMS OF $USINESS:
123% VAT must be added to total value of order except for items marked
or 18 %) when VAT is to be added at 8 %. No VAT on overseas orders. POST &
PACKING add 30p for UK orders unless marked otherwise. Minimum mail
order acceptable - E1. Oversees orders. add E1 for postage. Any difference
will be credited or charged. PRICES subject to alteration. without notice.
AVAILABILITY: All items available at time of going to press when every effort is made to ensure correctness of information.
I0
fi'
27.500
,rad
BIPREPAK LTD
To BI- PRE-PAK, 224 -226 WEST RD.. WESTCLIFF -ON -SEA, ESSEX
Please send
for which
grrv;NoR?Irnlq
224 WEST ROAD,WESTCLIFF-ON-SEA,ESSEX SSO 90F.
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WRITE ORDER SEPARATELY AND ATTACH COUPON IF REQUIRED
658
enclose
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'
222
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it
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TV"WIO1
B -P -P
ere
Etc.
Mil s9`NISs
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6 p
'
,-------- -- - - -J
Address
REC
64
Flexible Shaft
Transformer
S.30 Kit (30 tools)
S.10 Kit (10 tools)
p &p
30.26
3.76
8.00
5.00
5.50
16.00
12.50
1.00
35
35
25
62
75
55
(Any Quantity)
15p
15p
15p
15p
A/
JUNE 1976
659
NEW STYLE
SELF- BINDER
for "Radio & Electronics
Constructor
So fast, so easy,
this personalised course
will teach you even if
you don't know a thing
today!
PRICE
POST
CRE 18
TODAY FOR
FREE BOOK
1.00
P. & P.
25p
including V.A.T.
Available only from:-
NAME
ADDRESS
F
POSTCODE
[BIET
660
These days you can Dial -a -Van, Dial -a- Recipe, Dial -a -Pop
Tune, even Dial -a -Wine. But Home Radio Components Ltd.
have been offering such a service for years! Those of you
who already own one of the renowned Home Radio Components catalogues already know all about it. For the benefit
of those who are still struggling along without one, here is
how you set about it.
1.
Purchase a Home Radio Components Catalogue.
(See details further on).
2. Join the HRC Deposit Account scheme, by simply signing the simple form enclosed in the catalogue.
3.
Send it to HRC with your deposit. The deposit is half of
whatever credit you require; i.e. if you want 10.00 you
send 5.00.
4. You will receive back: a copy of your Agreement,
special Order Forms, pre -paid envelopes for sending
them, a Record Card on which to note your spending,
and simple instructions to enable you to use the service
to best advantage.
Now you are all set to dial your component orders any hour
of the day, any day of the year
including Sundays,
holidays, even Christmas Day. You have yor own exclusive
telephone number, which after business hours is connected
direct to an answerphone.
Like the idea? Then send for your Home Radio Catalogue
straight away. It costs only 54p plus 45p postage and packing, and it contains 6 vouchers each worth 5p when
used as
directed, so you can soon get back 30p of your investment.
Moreover, if you join the Deposit Account scheme you will
receive a new catalogue free whenever it is reprinted. Its
hardly surprising that over a thousand customers are already
using this simple method of buying their components. Try
it
now
you'll never regret it. Send 99p by cheque, Postal
Order or Giro with the coupon below, and soon you'll be
twirling your telephone dial whenever you urgently want
some parts!
---
nents
POST
&
Catao
PACKING
9fle
NAME
ADDRESS
HOME
RADIO
(Components)
LTD.,
Dept.
RC
HOME RADIO (Components) LTD. Dept. RC, 234 -240 London Rad, Mitcham, CR4 3HD. Phone: 01 -848 8422
.JUNE 1976
661
AND
NEWS
RESULTS OF BI -PAK COMPETITION
WINNERS
1st Prize: 22 in. Colour Television, Mr. and
Mrs. Munt of Tooting, London.
2nd Prize: Legionaire Stereo Amplifier, Deck
and E.M.I. Speakers, Mr. William J. B. Atrill, of
Barking, Essex.
3rd Prize: Black and White Portable T.V., Mr. I.
A. Barton, of Loose, Maidstone, Kent.
4th Prize: Electronic Calculator, Mr. R.
PB
SOLDER BOARDS
SUPER
662
COMMENT
MARCONI INTERNATIONAL
FELLOWSHIP
By the time these notes appear in print HRH The Duke of Edinburgh,
the Society's President, will have presented the 1975 $25,000 Marconi
International Fellowship to Dr. Hiroshi Inose, Professor of Engineering
at the University of Tokyo.
Dr. Inose, who was born in Tokyo in 1927, is a leading authority on
the application of electronic computers. He has led the research and
development of Time Division Switching systems which are at the heart
of an evolving integrated digital computer communication system.
The Marconi International Fellowship was established in 1974 on the
100th Anniversary of the birth of Guglielmo Marconi by 22 inter-
INTERCOM MEETS
BS415
SAFETY
STAN DARDS
OSCILLOSCOPES
Among the articles on test equipment which we publish, we
always find that anything concerning oscilloscopes is popular.
For example the article "New Transistorised Oscilloscope ",
which appeared in our September, October and November
1975 issues did, as we anticipated, arouse great interest.
Next month we are featuring an oscilloscope beam splitter
"4 -Way Beam Splitter"
which will convert many single
beam instruments for multiple trace display without the
necessity for internal modification. It will be very suitable for
use with the "New Transistorised Oscilloscope" as well as with
TV JUBILEE
-BAIRD'S
1ST
SUCCESS
Fifty years ago a packed audience at the Royal Institution in London
witnessed the first major public demonstration of television. A BBC
World Service item recalled the occasion and the man who inspired it
the Scottish inventor John Logie Baird.
The story of attempts to send pictures over a distance stretches back
well over a hundred years. Motionless pictures were transmitted as early
as the 1850s, and the principle of breaking a picture down into its
elements, or scanning it, was well known in the last century.
But although many scientists and engineers laid down the principles
by which a moving picture might be transmitted, it was left to a largely
self- taught Scottish inventor, John Logie Baird, to put principles into
practice during the 1920s.
It was Baird's stubborn refusal to face scientific facts that led eventually to his first success. Relatively simple calculations proved conclusively that it would be almost impossible to transmit a clear, high definition picture using the materials and methods of the time.
The early thirties saw a neck and neck race between Baird and his
associates on the one hand, trying desperately to raise the standard of
their mechanically produced pictures, and the Marconi -EMI company.
which was developing an entirely new, all- electronic system.
On 2nd November, 1936. the new service started from the Alexandra
Palace in North London, using two systems
Baird's and the EMI
in alternate weeks. The result of the trial was almost a
system
foregone conclusion.
Despite the valiant efforts of Baird and his team, his 240 line
mechanical system did not stand comparison with the 405 line electronic system. Four months later this became the standard for British
television, a standard which is only now being gradually phased out in
favour of the newer 625 line standard.
JUNE 1976
OtEstkeE
...
...
663
NICKEL CADMIUM
Rechargeable nickel cadmium cells are becoming increasingly
popular in these days of rising battery costs. Because of their low
internal resistance they should preferably be charged by constant
current sources, and this article describes a unit which is capable
of charging up to four 'AA' size nickel cadmium cells. These are
similar to standard HP7 dry cells.
THE CIRCUIT
The complete circuit diagram of the charger
appears in Fig. 1, and it will be apparent from this
how simple the unit is.
T1 is a mains transformer with a centre -tapped
secondary and this feeds a full -wave rectifier and
smoothing circuit incorporating D1, D2 and Cl. R1,
D3, D4 and D5 form a voltage reference source. The
diodes are all silicon types and are forward biased by
the current flowing via Rl. About 0.65 volt is
developed across each diode, and as a result (assumRADIO
L4(37
&
ELECTRONICS CONSTRUCTOR
CELL CHARGER
By A. P.
Roberts
fitted to
battery holder
COMPONENTS
1+
Output
DI
1N
Capacitor
Cl 4000' electrolytic,
4001
ffiOlflS
D3
2N3404
BAY 31
<
16 V Wkg.
Transformer
T1 Miniature mains transformer, secondary
9 -0 -9V at 100mA
TRI
OV
Resistors
R1 5.6k n , ; watt 10%
R2 27 n, watt 5%
D4
+
BAY
31
D5
+8AY31
R2
Semiconductors
TR1 2N3404
D1 1N4001
D2 1N4001
D3 BAY31
D4 BAY31
D5 BAY31
2N3404
Lead -outs
approximately 48mA
JUNE 1976
Miscellaneous
Veroboard, 0.15in. matrix, 15 holes x 10
strips
Case (see text)
Battery holder (see text)
Battery connector, PP3 type
2 -way tagstrip
Mains lead
2 grommets
Nuts, bolts, etc.
665
t a
Charger output
Cells connected
in
series
CONSTRUCTION
The charger can be fitted in any small metal or
plastic box large enough to take all the parts comfortably and which has a lid which is secured in place by
screws. The prototype was housed in a ready -made
plastic and aluminium box with internal dimensions
of about 120 by 65 by 40mm. (4} by 24 by 14in.) and
there are many suitable inexpensive cases of around
these dimensions available. To avoid possible mistakes, it is advisable to obtain the mains transformer
first, or at least establish its dimensions, before
purchasing the case. Some transformers may be a little larger in size than that used in the prototype. The
Layout is not critical. In the prototype the components are mounted on the metal lid of a
metal and plastic case
666
Mains input
wiring details
Solder tag
Output to battery
connector
6134.
o(o=C=
o(o)o
0(0(0
0 ) 0
O)
clear
O
holder connectors.
If only one cell is to be charged a holder for two cells
may be employed with one cell position short circuited. Similarly, three cells can be accommodated
in a holder for four cells, again with one position
short- circuited. It is a simple matter to fit a lead
across the battery holder position not occupied by a
cell.
o(
,
O
'
0
O
O
O
0(0)000
6Bn
CI
1/4
Charger output
O-I00mA
JUNE 1976
further view of the components. Note the integral heatsink clip on the transistor
667
COMPONENTS
Apart from the 2N3404 required for TRI, the components are readily obtainable. The 2N3404 is
available from Bi -Pak. This transistor is not now in
production and there is a small possibility that in time
it may be difficult to obtain. Suitable alternatives
which have been checked by the author are the
2N1711 and the 2N3053, both of which have the lead out layout shown in Fig. 5. Unlike the 2N 3404, these
do not have the advantage of an integral heatsink and,
if used in the circuit, must be fitted with a T05 clip -on
heatsink to prevent overheating.
Fig. 5. As describ2NI711
2N3053
Lead -outs
OTHER CURRENTS
The unit may be modified to charge at constant
currents lower than 50mA by increasing the value of
R2. The new value is calculated by dividing 1,300 by
the required charging current in milliamps. Thus, if a
charging current of 25mA is to be provided, the
calculated value for R2 is 52 f2 The nearest 5%
preferred value of 51 f2 will be satisfactory in practice. The nearest 5% preferred value may be
employed in other instances where the calculated
figure is not a preferred value.
The charger must not be modified to provide charging currents greater than 50mA.
.
ed in the text,
alternative transistors may be
employed. These
have the lead -out
layout shown here
BOOK REVIEW
EXPERIMENTS WITH OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS. By G. B. Clayton. 140 pages, 235 x 145mm. (91 x 51in.)
Published by The Macmillan Press, Ltd. Price 2.65 (limp) or 6.50 (hardcover).
The subtitle to this book is "Learning by Doing ", a phrase which aptly sums up what the book sets out,
successfully, to accomplish.
The first chapter introduces basic operational amplifier concepts and deals with op -amp followers, summing
amplifiers, integrators and differentiators. It is followed by a chapter covering basic applications, including
resistive feedback circuits, integrator action and drift, frequency to voltage conversion and the production of
staircase waveforms. The next chapter discusses non -linear op -amp circuits, amongst which appear log circuits
for multiplication, division, the generation of powers and the measurement of transistor current gain; whilst the
fourth chapter gives details of signal processing, phase detection and transistor and capacitance
measurements. The fifth chapter carries on to comparators, multivibrators and timing circuits; and the final
chapter is devoted to op-amp signal generation. There is an appendix dealing with performance errors and the
book ends with a detailed index.
All the experiments can be carried out with the 741 op -amp, which is both inexpensive and robust enough to
withstand many wiring errors and accidents. The experiments are carefully described and illustrated, and the
book forms an authoritative reference on operational amplifiers in addition to its primary function of presenting
practical working circuits. The prices quoted at the head of this review are at Special Offer level, the published
prices being 3.35 and 7.95 respectively.
668
RADIO
&
ELECTRONICS CONSTRUCTOR
SUGGESTED CIRCUIT
H 307
BURGLAR
ALARM
CIRCUITS
By G. A. French
CATEGORIES
Simple burglar alarms of this type
fall into two categories of use. The first
category is given by the case where the
resident is inside the protected
premises and requires warning that an
entry is being carried out. Thus, warning is given if the occupant is asleep
in bed or is, to quote a classic instance,
watching television. Warning can also
be given if an attempt is made to break
into an outhouse or garage.
The second category of use applies
to the instance where the occupant
wishes to have the system protect the
property when he leaves it unoccupied.
If anyone attempts to enter the
premises the bell again commences to
ring and to keep ringing. This is liable
to deter the would -be thief who is,
naturally, unwilling to have attention
drawn to his activities. In suburban
areas, the continual ringing of an electric bell will also be noticed by
JUNE 1976
Guard
switches
Test
points
T BY]
6V
Bell
Relay
coil
---
Relay
contacts
Si
Fig.
ponents
669
Relay
contacts
rapidly.
The alarm is now set up. Should any
of the guard switches become open if
only for a very short period, the relay
de- energises and its contacts connect
the bell across the 6 volt supply, causing it to ring continuously. The relay
cannot be energised again by way of
the guard switches because the circuit
to the negative terminal of the battery
has been broken by the relay contacts.
The bell can only be silenced by opening Si or (if all the guard switches are
closed again) by pressing S2.
This circuit is of particular value for
the first category of use which was
referred to earlier. The battery, Sl, S2
and the relay are positioned in some
part of the premises which would be
difficult for an intruder to locate in a
short period. With the second category
of use there is the disadvantage that Si
and S2 have to be accessible from the
outside of the premises as, obviously,
the alarm cannot be switched on until
the occupants have left and all doors
are closed. The provision of a locked
outdoor housing for S1 and S2 is feasible, and Si could itself be a switch
which is operated by a key. Switches of
this nature are available from many'of
the larger component houses.
The simplicity of the circuit of Fig. 1
brings with it the shortcoming that a
fairly large current, of around 15mA,
is drawn from the 6 volt battery when
the relay is energised. This current is
too high for economic operation with a
dry battery, but it would be quite
acceptable if a 6 volt accumulator were
used. A small 6 volt motor -cycle
battery could power the circuit, and
would take up little space. Two test
SINGLE TRANSISTOR
CIRCUIT
A more complex circuit incorporating a single transistor appears in
Fig. 2. This circuit is intended for
operation from a 9 volt dry battery. A
separate battery is now employed for
the bell, and the relay contacts shown
in the diagram connect to this battery
and the bell in series. It is desirable to
employ a separate battery because
many electric bells, including in particular the more inexpensive types,
draw high current pulses and produce
high voltage transients when they are
ringing, and it best to keep these away
from the electronic section of the
alarm. The separate battery has a
voltage suitable for the particular bell
employed.
The alarm is turned on by closing
670
To bell and
battery
SI
Cl
0047no
}F
Guard
switches
Relay
= IN4002
coil
TRI
BY!
9V
BC 214 L
Rl
R3
27kn
Test
points
THI
470n
R2
CRSI/O5
R4
68kn
Ikn
000
G
O
--
oA
bce
II -If"-
BC214L
CRSI /O5
IN4002
Lead-outs
Lead -outs
Lead -outs
Fig. 2. A more complex alarm system which draws a much lower battery
current
unpredictably when its gate was open circuit). The thyristor in the TH1 position is listed in some catalogues as
CRS1 /05AF and in others as
CRS1/05. Both type numbers apply to
the same component. All the resistors
in the circuit may be } watt 5% types,
ELECTRONICS CONSTRUCTOR
Relay
contacts
DELAY CIRCUIT
The circuit of Fig. 2 functions well
for the first protection category. With
the second category of use, in which
the premises are left unoccupied, it is
necessary to position S1 externally,
whereupon the same remarks apply as
occurred with the circuit of Fig. 1.
The electronic nature of the circuit
of Fig. 2 makes it possible to modify it
for delayed operation. Here, the alarm
may be switched on inside the
premises, after which it does not
become operative until a pre -set time
period has elapsed. It is thus possible
to turn on the alarm and leave the
protected building during the delay
period. The alarm will still sound
when the occupier returns and regains
admittance but, if the alarm on -off
switch is positioned near the door at
which entry is made, it can soon be
switched off again.
The alarm circuit modified to include a switch -on delay is given in Fig.
3. Here, the circuit from the junction
of R2 and RI to the right is the same as
in Fig. 2 except that S1 is now an
s.p.d.t. switch. Instead of being returned to the lower negative rail, R2 is now
returned to the emitter of emitter
follower TR2. When Si is switched on,
the 9 volt supply is applied to C2 and
R5 in series. C2 commences to charge
slowly via R5, and its negative terminal (and hence the emitter of TR2)
goes slowly negative. Opening a guard
switch will not actuate the alarm until
the potential on the emitter of TR2 is
at a level where sufficient base current
can flow in TRI to trigger the
thyristor. Once the emitter of TR2 has
passed this level the circuit of Fig. 3
then functions in the same way as did
that of Fig. 2.
The length of the delay period will
vary according to the actual value,
within tolerance, of C2, the gain of
TRI and the gate triggering current
required by TH1. With the prototype
the delay was 2; minutes. When the
alarm circuit has been assembled, the
delay period for the particular components employed can be measured in
practice by switching on at Si with one
of the guard switches open. The delay
period is equal to the time between
switching on and the energising of the
relay. The period may be reduced, if
desired, by reducing the value of C2,
and it can be increased by increasing
the value of C2 or of R5. However, R5
should not be given a value higher than
1/Sil OE The length of the period will be
found to be approximately proportional to the values of C2 and R5.
Thus, it will be doubled if either C2 or
R5 is doubled in value.
Turning Si to `Off short -circuits C2
via the current limiting resistor, R6.
C2 is then discharged, ready for the
next switch -on cycle.
To bell and
battery
C2
Guard
switches
2,200
}IF
IOV wkg
Test
points
R5
220kn
less across it. In consequence, the circuit of Fig. 4 may only be used when
all the guard switches can be positioned at dry locations.
contacts
To bell and
battery
CI
TRI
047618
Guard
switches
BC 2I4 L
}iF
Relay
cod
'
RI
470n
Iookn >
22 kn
IMn
R4
BC 214 L
R3
INIll
4002
BYI
TR2
R2
JUNE 1976
TI-1I
CRSI/05
Test
points
Relay
contacts
GUARD SWITCHES
bell and
To
k7
battery
IOn
WM
Off
On
+
C2
z
,Dard
200"
Dl
yF
Ak
IN4002
IOV wkg
Test
BYI
THI
points
9V
CRSI/05
R6
R5
220kn
1
Roller
Dry reed
switch
Mognet
Door
post
Door
30uA.
BATTERY VOLTAGE
All the circuits of Figs. 2 to 5 have
test points to enable battery voltage to
be checked from time to time. The
battery should be discarded when its
voltage has fallen to 8 volts.
If desired, the test points may be
dispensed with and a voltmeter permanently installed. A suitable circuit
is shown in Fig. 6, where a voltage in-
91On
BY,
9V
20On
i
-IOmA
if desired, a voltmeter to
indicate battery condition can
be permanently installed
Fig. 6.
872
Micro switch
(a)
(b)
Fig. 7(a). A microswitch with operating lever and roller is particularly effective for use as a guard switch
Fig. 7(b). A dry reed switch and magnet mounted at a door. The contacts of
the switch open when the door is opened
dication is given by pressing the button. The voltmeter is deliberately intended to draw a relatively high
current of around 8 to 9mA when a
voltage reading is being taken, as this
will give a more realistic indication of
battery condition than would a high
resistance voltmeter drawing a low
current. The pre -set potentiometer is a
small skeleton component. To set up
the circuit a standard voltmeter is initially connected across the battery.
The push button is then pressed and
the pre -set potentiometer adjusted for
a reading in the 0 -10mA meter which
matches that in the voltmeter. If, for
example, the voltmeter indicates 9.1
volts, the potentiometer is adjusted for
a reading of 9.1mA in the 0 -10mA
meter.
RADIO
ELECTRONICS CONSTRUCTOR
New Products
NOVEL DIAGNOSTIC
AID FOR
RADIO AND TV
in'l'he PANTEC "USIJET" is a small and light universal signal
jector made in the form of a pen for clipping into the pocket. The
circuit consists of two signal generators, one operating at audio fre.quency and the other at radio frequency. The impulsive waveform
a signal
derived from a blocking oscillator -type circuit produces
with a wide range of .harmonic frequencies up to 500 MHz.circuit
By injecting the signal at various points in an amplifier
breaks and
the USI.JET is an effective dynamic analyser for tracingkHz
and 500
component failure. The fundamental frequencies are 1
perkHz with an output voltage of 20V peak-to-peak. Maximum
a self missible voltage at the probe tip is 500V D.C. Powered25bymA.
contained 1.5V cell, the current consumption is aboutLtd., North
Further information from: Carlo Gauazzi (UK)
Crawley Road, Newport Pagnell, Bucks.
JUNE 1976
673
LOW -VALUE
OHMMETER
By M. G.
Robertson
Current reading
meter
Test
terminals
Fig.
1.
some testmeters
Constant
current
source
Constant
current
source
Constant
current
source
IOmA
IOmA
IOmA
2mA
5mA
+
Tst
terminals
Int.resistance
=1On
0-10mA
(a)
8mA
5mA
iOn
2 Sn
(b)
(c)
TABLE
Meter Reading (mA)
0.099
0.20
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.29
0.38
0.48
0.57
0.65
0.74
0.83
0.91
1.7
2.0
2.3
2.9
3.3
3.8
4.1
4.4
4.7
5.0
6.7
7.5
8.0
8.3
8.6
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
JUNE 1976
675
PRACTICAL CIRCUIT
The practical circuit for the low -value ohmmeter is
given in Fig. 4. This employs quite simple basic prin-
ciples.
The constant current source is given by TR1, R1,
R2, R4, D1 and D2. Constant current sources have
been described in recent articles in this journal and so
there should be no need to give a detailed description
of circuit operation here. Approximately 1mA flows
through R4 and the two silicon diodes, causing a
stabilized voltage tif about 1.2 volts with reference to
the negative rail to appear at the junction of D2 and
R4. This is applied to the base of silicon transistor
TR1. There is a voltage drop of about 0.6 volt across
the base -emitter junction of TR1, whereupon Rl and
R2 require a total value which causes an emitter
4
5
6
1
f
SI
R1
On-Oft
33n
--- 4
R2
8-
D2
IOOn
1N4002
51-
RESISTANCE
(n)
9
5
10
METER
READING
(mA)
BVI
3V
W.
R4
15
20
Test prods
IBkn
Flexible
leads
--`
7
30
Z
RI,R4
40
50
-_
9
1-10
5 /o
Lead -outs
100
I/4 watt
BC 107
of the low-value
ohmmeter
value generally available in potentiometers of this current, or 12mA, would flow in the test resistance
nature. A value of 50 for R2 would offer better and one -fifth, or 3mA, in the meter. Again, the meter
resolution in setting up and may be used if there are gives an indication of one -fifth f.s.d., as it did when
the constant current was 10mA.
no objections to employing a larger component.
The fact that readings are independent of the actual
The value of 10 meter resistance indicated in Fig.
2(a) has been arbitrarily chosen because virtually all value of the constant current makes it possible to use
a 0-10mA meter in the circuit even when this has a
0 -10mA meter movements available on the home constructor market have internal resistances lower coil resistance in excess of 100. The meter can be
than this figure. The total resistance can then be employed by connecting a shunt across it which brings
brought exactly to 1052 with the aid of the 10P pre -set its effective resistance to less than 1012, whereupon
potentiometer, R3. Because of its low value, R3 will R3 can be once more adjusted for a total resistance of
100. As an example, Fig. 5 shows the circuit adapted
have to be a small wire -wound component. '
The instrument is set up with the aid of a close - for a meter whose internal resistance is 15 il. A 220
tolerance 100 test resistor. Initally, R2 is adjusted to 5% I watt resistor is connected across the meter to brinsert maximum resistance into circuit and on -off ing its effective resistance down to about 9f2 and the
switch S1 is closed. The resistance inserted by R2 is meter then gives an f.s.d. indication at a constant
then reduced with the test prods open- circuit until the current of about 17mA. The instrument is set up in
meter reads precisely 10mA. The 10f1 test resistor is the same way as before; R2 is adjusted for an f.s.d.
then connected across the test prods, and R3 is ad- reading with the test prods open- circuit, after which
justed until the meter reads exactly 5mA. The instru- R3 is adjusted for a half -scale reading with a close
ment is then set up and may be used for the measure- tolerance 1052 resistor connected across the prods.
ment of resistance. Re- setting can be carried out from Due to the higher constant current it would, in this intime to time if there is any drift in the variable stance, be desirable to reduce Rl to 22 a.
resistor values.
It will be noted that the test prods are each connected to the remainder of the components via twin
flexible wires. This method of connection enables
current to flow through the test resistance with the
meter and R3 connected across it in the manner of a
Internal resistance
voltmeter, and it ensures that the instrument wiring
MI
=I5n
22n
does not add to the test resistance. The test prod cirmn
wires
of
normal
flexible
and
cuit enables connecting
thickness to be employed, and no heavy wiring is required. If any other method of connection is used it
will be found that the meter needle does not return
fully to zero when there is zero resistance across the
prods. The metal parts of the prods should be of thick
construction to ensure that they themselves insert
Fig. 5. A meter having an internal resistance
negligible resistance.
greater than 100 may be employed if a shunt
resistor of suitable value is connected across it
OTHER METERS
Most 0 -1mA and 0- 100ftA meter movements can be
If the current relationships shown in Figs. 2(b) and
employed if provided with a suitable shunt.
similarly
meter
the
same
that
seen
may
be
it
studied
(c) are
value
of the shunt need not be calculated as it is
The
than
other
currents
constant
readings will be given at
merely required that it brings the effective resistance
10mA provided that the constant current causes the
it
meter to indicate f.s.d. and that the meter resistance is of the meter to less than 10 f and in both cases
switched to one
exactly 10f2. If, for instance, the constant current could be 8.20 5% 1 watt. A testmeter
of these current ranges could not, incidentally, be
were 15mA and the meter read f.s.d. at this current
employed instead of an individual meter, as its un7.5
passin
mA
the situation in Fig. 2(b) would result
iversal shunt current switching circuits would present
ing through the meter, whereupon the latter would
testmeter teronce again give an indication of half f.s.d. With a test too high an internal resistance at the
resistance of 2.5 f2, as in Fig. 2(c), four - fifths of the minals.
BACK NUMBERS
For the benefit of new readers we would draw attention to our back number service.
We retain past issues for a period of two years and we can, occasionally, supply copies mors than two
years old. The cost is the cover price stated on the issue, plus 1 1 p postage.
in mind that
Before undertaking any constructional project described in a back issue, it must be borne
components readily available at the time of publication may no longer be so.
We regret that we are unable to supply photo copies of articles where an issue is not available. for
Libraries and members of local radio clubs can often be very helpful where an issue is not available
sale.
JUNE
1976
677
FOR DX LISTENERS
By Frank A. Baldwin
Times = GMT
NORTH YEMEN
Sanaa on 9780 at 1943 and also in parallel on
7190 with a programme of Arabic music and songs in
the Domestic Service (also to be heard on 4853).
TAIWAN
Taipei on 7250 at 1322, OM and YL alternate in
Chinese then into a programme of local music.
ALGERIA
Algiers on 11910 at 1905, OM with a newscast of
both local and world affairs in English (the
CLANDESTINE
"Voice of the Free Yemeni South" on 9960 at 1932,
YL with song in Arabic after a harangue. by OM in the
same language.
"Voice of the Thai People" on 9422.5 at 1618,
sign -off after choral anthem and slogans.
NORTH VIETNAM
Hanoi on 9840 at 1156, YL in Chinese and local
music in the External Service to South East Asia; also
on 7512 at 1410, YL in Laotian to Laos in the External Service.
CURRENT SCHEDULES
QATAR
The Domestic Service from Doha may be heard on
9570 from sign -on at 0245 through to sign -off at 2100,
all programmes being in Arabic.
JORDAN
Two Domestic Services are radiated in Jordan from
the capital Amman, the main programme being in
Arabic as follows
from 0330 to 0730 on 11810 and
7155; from 0730 to 0930 on 11810 only; from 0930 to
1400 on 9530 and 11810; from 1400 to 1730 on
7155 and 11810; from 1730 to 1900 on 11810 and
from 1900 to 2310 on 11810 (on 7155 to 2200).
678
Frequencies = kHz
on
VATICAN CITY
"Vatican Radio" has an External Service in
English directed to the U.K. from 1445 to 1500 on
6190, 7250, 9645 and on 11740; from 2030 to 2045
on 6190, 7250 and on 9645.
ISRAEL
The Israel Broadcasting Authority, Jerusalem,
operates an External Service in English to Europe
from 0400 to 0415 on 5900, 7413, 9009 a d 17685
(also on 5915 in the Arab World Service); from 1100
to 1130 on 11645, 15100, 15465, 15485 and on
17685 (also on 5915 in the Arab World Service);
from 2000 to 2030 on 7413, 9009, 9815 or 9820,
11645, 15100 and on 15485; from (experimentally)
2230 to 2300 on 7413, 9815 or 9820, 11645
and on
12025.
TURKEY
Radio Ankara
"The Voice of Turkey" has a
programme in English directed to Europe, North
Africa and North America from 2200 to 0030 on
11880.
BURMA
The " Birma Broadcasting Service ", Rangoon, has
a Domestic Service which is on the air from 0030 to
0230 on 7185; from 0330 to 0730 on 9725; from 0930
to 1600 on 5040. Various local vernacular
programmes are radiated from 1000 through to 1415
on 4725.
IRAQ
"Radio Baghdad" operates an External Service in
English to Europe from 1930 to 2030 on 9758.
UGANDA
The Uganda Broadcasting Corporation, Kampala,
presents programmes in English as follows
to East
and Central Africa from 1430 to 1530 on 6030; to
South Africa from 1615 to 1730 on 6030; to West
Africa from 1800 to 1830 on 15325 and to North
Africa from 2030 to 2100 on 9730.
ETHIOPIA
CLANDESTINE
"Radio Iran Courier" is a pro -communist
clandestine transmitter operating in Kurdish, Azerbaijani and Persian from 1430 to 1620 on 9560,
11415 and 11695 and from 1620 to 1810 on 11415
and 11695.
MEXICO
"Radio Mexico" has an External Service in
Spanish from 1315 to 1535 and from 2000 to 0335 on
5985, 9705 and on 15385, identification is occasionally made in French and English.
AROUND THE DIAL
In between recent spells of internal redecorating
and gardening, some time has been found for short
wave listening, from the logbook we note
SIERRA LEONE
Freetown on 3316 at 2156, piano solo until 2200
then OM with the world news in English. This is the
Sierra Leone Broadcasting Service domestic
programme which is on the air from 0555 to 0730 and
from 1745 to 2330. The power is 50kW and the
channel is a very difficult one, only occasionally can
Freetown be heard.
CHINA
Radio Beijing on 4190 at 1740, YL with harangue
in Chinese then some local classical music.
PLA Fuzhou on 4045 at 1750 with similar
programme to that above.
VENEZUELA
Radio Libertador, Caracas, on 3245 at 0050, OM
and Y L with announcements in Spanish, ingles with
the inevitable commercials, local music then station
identification at 0100. Schedule is from 1000 to 0400
and the power is 1kW.
Radio Barcelona, Barcelona, on a measured 3386
at 0115, programme of Latin American music, songs
in Spanish. Schedule is from 1000 to 1200 and from
2100 to 0400 and the power is 1kW.
Radio Universidad, Merida, on 3395 at 0121,
recorded local pops, songs in Spanish. Schedule is
from 1000 to 0400 and the power is 1kW.
Radio Bolivar, Cuidad Bolivar, on 4770 at 0141,
programme of Latin American music, OM in Spanish.
Schedule is from 1000 to 0430 and the power is 1kW.
BOLIVIA
Radio Emisora Bolivia, Oruro, on a measured
4753.5 at 0030, very excited sports commentator in
Spanish. Schedule is from 1p00 to 0400, power is 5kW
and this one is noted for wandering between the limits
4753 to 4755.
JUNE 1976
BRAZIL
Radio Anhanguera, Goiania, on 4915 at 0300,
identification by OM in Portuguese, local pops on
records. Schedule is from 0900 to 0400 and the power
is 10kW.
PERU
Radio Andahuaylas on 4840 at 0420, plaintive Andean songs and typical local flute music, some interference from the African transmitter at Bukuvu.
Schedule is from 1130 to 1400 and from 2130 to 0530
(variable sign -off). Power is 1kW.
Radio Atlantida, Iquitos, on 4790 at 0433, OM
with station identification, guitar music and songs in
Spanish. Schedule is from 0900 to 0600 but sometimes
observed to be on a 24 -hour stint, probably for special
occasions. The power is 1kW.
Radio Andina, Huancayo, on a measured 4996 at
0430, OM with station identification, slogans then
recorded local pops. Schedule is from 1100 to 0600
(sign -off sometimes known to vary between 0545 and
0900). The power is 1kW.
Radio Samaren, Iquitos, on 4815 at 0430, recorded
local pops then OM with station identification in
Spanish. Schedule is from 1100 to 0500 (here we go
again, sign -off observed to vary between 0400 to
0600). Just to add still more to the fun and games
associated with LA- Dxing, most identifications are
given simply as "Radio Samaren, Iquitos" but occasionally this one identifies as "Voz de la Revolution
Peruana". The power is 1kW.
ECUADOR
2.5kW.
COSTA RICA
Radio Capital, San Jose, on 4832 at 0645, songs in
Spanish and local music in typical style. Schedule is
from 1200 to 0600 but sometimes observed on a 24hour stint. The power is 1kW.
HOMODYNE
S.S.B. RECEIVER
FOR 80 METRES
By R. A. Penfold
Aerial tuned
circuit BA102
Product
--1111..
detector
RF
filter
MC 1496
Phones
Oscillator
BC107
BA102
Fig.
COMPONENTS
Resistors
(All fixed values
watt 5%)
R1 4.7k
R2 4.7k n
R3 4.7k n
OPERATING PRINCIPLE
Ordinary a.m. transmissions are rarely encountered
on the amateur bands these days, and the two main
transmission modes in use are c.w. and s.s.b. Although
not essential, it is extremely helpful to have a basic
understanding of s.s.b. when using a receiver for this
mode of transmission.
An s.s.b. signal is often considered as being an ordinary a.m. one with the carrier and one sideband
suppressed, although it need not actually be generated
in this way. An a.m. transmission consists of three
parts, the carrier, the upper sideband and the lower
sideband. A simple example is shown in Fig. 2. Here
we assume a 1MHz carrier is being modulated by a
2kHz audio tone. The modulation produces two
new signals in addition to the 1MHz carrier,
these appearing at 2kHz above and 2kHz below the carrier. Their amplitude is relative to
the applied modulation level. The sidebands react
with the carrier at the detector of an a.m. receiver to
produce the original 2kHz audio tone. The phasing of
the two sidebands prevents them from reacting with
each other to form a 4kHz audio tone.
R4 4.7k
R5 680
R6 5.6k
R7 470k n
R8 3.9k n
R9 3.9k
R10 4.7k
R11 10M n
R12 470k
R13 680n
R14 4.7k n
R15 470k
VR1 5k potentiometer, log with switch Sl(a)(b)
VR2 100k potentiometer, linear
VR3 10k n potentiometer, linear
Capacitors
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9
10 -60pF ceramic
trimmer
Coils
TRI BC107
D1 BA102
D2 BZY88C13V
D3 BA102
Carrier
Sockets
Upper sideband
Lower sideband
Amplitude
0 998
IMHz
1002
MHz
MHz
Frequency
JUNE 1976
Miscellaneous
Aluminium chassis with base plate, 8 x 6 x 24in.
2, batteries type PP3 (Ever Ready)
2 battery connectors
3 control knobs
2 B9A valveholders
4 rubber feet
Plain perforated s.r.b. panel, 0.1 in. matrix
20 s.w.g. aluminium sheet (for coil brackets)
Nuts, bolts, wire, etc.
681
way.
A.M. has severe limitations in the amateur bands
where only a very limited maximum transmitter
power input and band space are available. One of
these limitations is that if two ordinary a.m.
transmitters are operating close to each other in terms
of frequency, their carriers will produce a beat note
which will be heard as a whistling sound from a
receiver tuned to them. This effect is frequently apparent when tuning across the medium wave band
after dark.
Another drawback with a.m. is that a lot of the
transmitter.'s power is wasted in transmitting the
carrier, which does not contain any of the intelligence
to be transmitted. It is quite possible to suppress the
carrier at the transmitter, and use an oscillator at the
receiver to replace the missing part of the signal so
that the audio modulation can be recovered. The full
power of the transmitter can then be gainfully
employed in the sidebands.
The amateur bands are rather narrow, the 80 metre
band being for instance only some 300kHz wide. It is
therefore desirable for each transmission to take up as
little space in the band as possible.
Both of the sidebands of an a.m. signal contain the
necessary information to produce the original audio
signal, and by filtering out one of these sidebands the
remaining signal will occupy less than half the
bandwidth of the comparable double sideband signal.
The remaining sideband will still react with the oscillator at the receiver to produce the required audio
signal.
This type of transmission is known as single side band suppressed carrier (s.s.b.), and either the upper
sideband (u.s.b.) or the lower sideband (1.s.b.) can be
transmitted.
682
DIRECT CONVERSION
A product detector forms the heart of a direct conversion receiver of the type to be described here. The
product detector is a form of mixer, and the frequencies at its output are the two input signals together
with signals which are equal to the sum and difference
of the two input signals. The aerial is coupled to one
input of the detector via a tuned circuit which rejects
signals outside the required band. An oscillator which
is tunable over the desired band is connected to the
other input.
Suppose that the detector is used to demodulate a
signal which has a suppressed carrier frequency of
3.6MHz. By tuning the oscillator to 3.6MHz, the
difference signal output from the detector will be the
original audio signal. For instance, if a 1kHz signal is
modulating the 3.6MHz carrier in an I.s.b. transmission, the sideband will be at 3.599MHz. This will
give a difference signal at the product detector output
of 0.001MHz (3.6 minus 3.599) or 1kHz.
A c.w. signal is simply a keyed carrier or morse
signal, and the oscillator is tuned slightly above or
below this so that it heterodynes with the carrier to
produce an audio note of the desired pitch.
Apart from the audio signal, all the signals at the
output of the product detector are at radio frequency,
and can therefore easily be filtered out.
An important feature of a product detector is that
signals appearing at the aerial input do not react with
one another to produce an audio output, but only with
the oscillator. This is essential if good quality audio is to
be produced, and is the reason for the rather poor
audio quality produced in the s.s.b. mode by receivers
which are not equipped with a proper product detector.
THE CIRCUIT
The complete circuit of the 80 metre direct conversion receiver appears in Fig. 3. It will be seen that there
are two 9 volt supplies, one positive of chassis and the
other negative of chassis. These are provided by two
PP3 batteries.
The aerial is coupled to one input of IC1, which
functions as the product detector, by way of Ll and
C4. The tuned winding of Ll rejects signals outside
the required band. IC1 employs an array of three interconnected differential amplifiers and incorporates
the equivalent of eight transistors, three resistors and
a diode.
There are two outputs from the i.c., one at pin 6 and
one at pin 12. R8 and R9 are the collector load
resistors for the output transistors inside the i.c., but
only the output at pin 12 is employed in the present
receiver. The output at pin 6 is ignored.
C6 filters out the r.f. signals present at pin 12, and
the remaining audio signal is fed te the volume control, VR1, via C7.
Bias for the transistors in the i.c. is provided by R1
to R6. Another resistor would normally be connected
between pins 2 and 3 to give the device the required
gain. However, in the present circuit all the r.f.
amplification is provided by the i.c. and it is
necessary for this to have as much ga;n as possible.
In consequence, the two pins are simply connected
together, whereupon the i.c. offers a i.onsiderable
degree of r.f. gain.
Audio amplification is given by IC2, and this also
offers a high level of gain. The i.c. employed is the
748, and it is connected as an inverting amplifier, with
RADIO & ELECTRONICS CONSTRUCTOR
1N
>
NAA,
>
U
11
>
+
TI
o,/Dbd
11
N
N
U
CD
r-
U
1...
LC
tr
o_
i
JUNE. 1976
683
5/1e
I5/e'
Dia_
--
ISe
'
CASE
The receiver is built in an aluminium chassis with
base plate measuring 8 by 6 by 2 in. The chassis is used, in effect, upside -down with the base plate forming
684
y-l5/l6'
panels.
C11.
As already mentioned, power is obtained from two
9 -volt batteries. These are connected in series with the
centre connection earthed to chassis. This type of circuit is rather unusual in a receiver but IC1 is designed
to operate from a dual supply, and it is then convenient to operate IC2 from the dual supply also. Si is
the on -off switch and is ganged with Vii. C10 and C5
21,h3"
to suit socket
6BA clear
11/8*
l'
68A clear
'.
I1/2'Material. 2Oswg aluminium
COMPONENT PANEL
SIa
R4
7 8
10
SOSO
o
1
G
H
r
(5)
CIl0
R2
L1
13
E
F
12
14
15
18
19
20
21
R10
o CB
o
oSIb0
o
17
R14
VR2
R13
Rii
o/10o
(9)
VR2
RI
11
slider
o
31
C1
M
N
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
32 33 34 35 36
16
5'
'..
(8)
SK3
20
21
R12 o
b
o
01 0
o
16
17
18
+
O
------r---O
19
o
o
-o
O
o
e o
(5)
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31
o
O
32 33 34 35 36
o
op,.o
o
o
o
o
o
o
6BA clear
o
O
15
O
O
12
L2
I I
14
13
o+undr.,
o
o
Cro
JUNE 1976
685
flat. When all the components are in place, their lead outs are soldered together as shown. Lengths of tinned
copper wire are employed for link wires and for other
connections where component lead -out wires cannot
be used. Sleeving is passed ever any wire which is
liable to short- circuit against another wire. It is also
passed over the long wire running from hole B8 to hole
N30.
A number of flying leads connecting to external
components are also wired to the panel. These may
consist of flexible insulated wires, each about loin.
long. They will be cut to their final length later when
their free ends are connected.
NEXT MONTH
Details will be given of the remaining wiring of the
receiver in next month's concluding article. This article will also deal with the adjustment and use of the
receiver, and will describe the modification required
for operation on 50 metres.
(To be concluded)
RESISTIVE BANDSPREAD
CONTROL
By S. L. Martin
An inexpensive approach for cases
where small changes in short wave oscillator frequency are required.
Variable capacitor prices are shooting up these
days, so much so that the home constructor has to
start thinking of alternative methods of tuning a coil if
these can produce a saving in costs.
The accompanying circuit shows a means of obtaining bandspread, or fine tuning, which has been
employed in some commercially produced short wave
receivers, and it can prove to be of value where small
shifts in the resonant frequency of a tuned circuit are
all that are required.
2 2 pF
Bandspread
control
5kn
Oscillator section of
ganged tuning
capacitor
686
POTENTIOMETER TUNING
The potentiometer is coupled via a 2.2pF capacitor
to the oscillator section of the short wave receiver
ganged capacitor, and it varies oscillator tuning over a
small range. When the potentiometer inserts maximum resistance into circuit the coupling between the
oscillator tuned circuit and the 2.2pF capacitor is at a
minimum and the detuning effect is low. When the
potentiometer inserts zero resistance into circuit, the
2.2pF capacitor is coupled directly across the oscillator tuned circuit and the alteration in oscillator
frequency is at a maximum. Intermediate settings of
the potentiometer produce intermediate changes in
oscillator tuning, whereupon the potentiometer acts as
a bandspread tuning control.
Purists will recoil from the circuit with horror but,
as already mentioned, it has been used commercially.
Naturally, the arrangement is only feasible when very
low changes in frequency are required. The potentiometer is a small carbon component with a linear
track. Also, of course, the potentiometer and the
2.2pF capacitor must be connected to the main tuning
capacitor with short wiring, just as would be required
if the bandspread control were a conventional low
value variable capacitor.
RADIO & ELECTRONICS CONSTRUCTOR
Radio
Topics
By Recorder
I was checking through
a com-
PUN MY SOUL
Nevertheless, my mind started
roaming later around the terrible puns
that crop up in electronics, and I
thought I'd commence this month with
a few which you may not have heard
before. My apologies in advance if I
have unwittingly lifted any from
material which has appeared before.
To begin at a really agonising level
one may forgivably be excused, I suppose, for assuming that a catering distributor operates a pi network. Or that
the most efficient worker at the bus
garage is a superconductor.
Possibly, that scorch mark on your
trousers could be an ion burn. And,
could a tunnel diode be a piece of
poetry composed by a Welsh miner? A
variable reluctance pick-up might be
the sort of thing that happens along
seaside promenades. Or, at least, used
to happen in the older days.
The noise emanating from a dog
kennel at night might perhaps be
Barkhausen radiation.
But the one I like best, or the one
which is the least excrutiating, has to
do with the hi -fi record player which
reproduces perfectly every disc played
on it, which responds immediately and
faultlessly to all adjustments made to
its controls, and which contributes no
colouring of its own to the sound it
produces. It incorporates a deferential
amplifier.
ELIMINATOR SNAG
Turning, hastily, to a more serious
subject, a friend of mine decided that
he had had enough of paying continually increasing prices for the 9 volt
battery in his a.m. transistor radio and
so he decided to knock up a little
mains unit.
JUNE 1976
The power unit replaced the transistor radio battery quite satisfactorily, the receiver battery leads now being
connected directly to the 5000F reservoir capacitor. There was little trace
of hum, although the hum level did increase somewhat when the volume was
turned high. However, my friend does
not normally have the radio blaring
away and he was quite happy with his
power unit. I must hasten to add that
an elementary battery eliminator of
the type I've just described may not be
suitable with all transistor radios, and
that some may require a more comprehensive type of power supply.
Then my friend encountered a snag.
He had been in the habit of turning on
the mains supply to the power unit
first and then switching on the radio
by means of the switch on its rim operated volume control. One day the
switch became erratic and he had to
operate it several times before the
radio turned on.
SURGE CURRENT
The reason for the switch failure
PRINTED CIRCUITS
Printed circuits have been with us
687
SIMPLE
TRANSISTOR
TESTER
By Brian Reay
Our contributor describes an item of test equipment employing non -critical components which permits simple go /no -go
checking of bipolar transistors. The tester may also be
employed as a signal injector and morse code oscillator.
Following repeated domestic requests to "get rid of
some of that junk," the author decided to at least dispose of unserviceable components. Thus, the need for
a transistor tester arose, and it was felt that this
should not incorporate an expensive meter movement.
Not possessing any published plans for a suitable
tester, or in fact ever having seen any, the author
designed his own.
The result is a transistor tester which is cheap and
small, which tests both n.p.n. and p.n.p. transistors
and which also doubles as a signal injector and morse
code oscillator. It should be noted at this stage that
the unit merely tests for good or no -good transistors.
MULTIVIBRATOR
The basic circuit is a simple multivibrator with
switching to facilitate the checking of hot h n.p.n. and
p.n.p. transistors.
The circuit of the tester appears in Fig. 1. The transistor to be tested is connected to the test socket and
52 and S:I set to the polarity required. If the test t ran:
sistor is n.p.n. the switches are put to position 1,
whereupon the test transistor enters a multivibrator
circuit in common with TR1, the upper supply rail being positive. If, when push -button SI is pressed, an
audio tone is heard in a crystal earphone plugged into
the jack socket then the test transistor is good.
2
BY!
1-5V
dot
S2
/53 positions
N P.N.
2 P.N.P.
Fig.
688
1.
BC 109
OC44
Lead -outs
Lead -outs
The circuit
of the transistor tester. If the test transistor is serviceable an a.f. tone is produced in
crystal earphone plugged into the jack socket
RADIO
&
ELECTRONICS CONSTRUCTOR
To CI
ond P3
TR!
COMPONENTS
NPN
BY' neg
53
Resistors
To lower
lower
supply roil
To
To
supply
rail
To 51
R2 68k
R:l 68k
R4 '22k
BYI pos
('apacitors
CI 0.01F plastic foil
C2 0.0114F plastic foil
C3 0.01F plastic foil
FN
,'
PNP
Transistors
TRI BC109
TR2 0C44
Switches
))Miscellaneous
sz
53
PNP
Slots
in
panel
"
transistors specified.
MORSE OSCILLATOR
All the parts are assembled in a small plastic case
To use the unit as a morse code oscillator a known
good transistor is fitted to the test socket, S2 and Sl with Si, S2, S3, .JK1 and the test socket mounted on
adjusted to the required polarity and a crystal the front panel.
The prototype has been employed successfully for
earphone connected to the jack socket. The oscillator
may then be keyed by S1 or by a morse key connected checking a wide range of transistors, both marked and
unmarked. If it is unknown whether the test transistor
across SI.
With a known good transistor connected to the test is n.p.n. or p.n.p. it may be checked first for one
socket, the unit may also be used as a signal injector. polarity and then for the other. It is very doubtful il'
For this application two flexible test leads are con- the transistor could be harmed by an incorrect connected to a 3.5mm. jack plug which is plugged into nection, due to the low supply voltage and the
JK1. The lead connected to the jack plug sleeve is ter- presence of RI and R2. Similarly, if the lead layout of
minated in a crocodile clip whilst that connected to the transistor is unknown it may be connected to the
the jack plug tip is terminated in a test prod. 7'he clip test socket in different ways until the correct method
is connected to the chassis of the equipment being of connection is found.
JUNE 1976
889
OSCAR 8
Future plans for
the next amateur
radio satellite
By Arthur C. Gee
Plans for the next Amateur Radio
Satellite are now sufficiently well advanced for some details of the project
to be published. Information is coming
in from the various agencies involved
in the next phase of amateur radio
satellite development, which enables
an informed description of OSCAR 8,
which will be the first of a new order of
Phase DI orbits
satellites, to be published.
The first point of interest about the
Phase III satellites is that they will
have eliptical orbits, not circular ones
as with the earlier OSCARS. The
proposed orbit for OSCAR 8 is an
apogee (furthest away point) of 36000
Km and a perigee (closest point) of
1500 Km. The apogee would be over
the northern part of'the earth, and the
perigee over the south, with an orbit
time of 11 hours. This would give a
much longer period of time for communication for stations situated in the
northern hemisphere where most of
the activity is. Communication
between such stations could take place
for periods measured in hours, rather
than in minutes, as at present with circular orbits.
Putting a satellite into an eliptical
orbit requires a boost motor, to modify
the ejection orbit into the required
eliptical one. So OSCAR 8 will be the
first amateur radio satellite to have a
rocket motor. AMSAT-USA who are
responsible for co- ordinating the
Phase III programme, have located a
suitable apogee boost motor and
progress is being made in negotiations
with a solid propellant motor supply
company for its manufacture. The
motor will make up two thirds of the
total weight of OSCAR 8 before igni-
090
tion.
interface ring
(standard 9 inch)
Apogee boost
motor nozzle
Solar arrays
(6) surfaces
HI -Gain antenna
aboard.
The planned life of OSCAR 8 is for
three years, but if it turns out to be as
successful as OSCAR 6, one can anticipate a longer life span than this.
OSCAR 6 was planned for a life span
of one year
and itcelebrated its
third birthday on October 15th last!
Oscar 8, like its predecessor, will be
a joint international project. AMSATUSA is responsible for managing the
overall Phase III programme; for
IN NEXT MONTH'S
RADIOtiELECTRONICS
CONSTFUCTOR
JUNE 1976
691
TWO
TRANSISTOR
TOUCH BUTTON
An inexpensive touch button circuit
which is operated by stray mains hum
voltages.
MAINS OPERATION
An essential feature of the unit is that it has to be
mains operated. This does not represent a disadvantage as continuous operation from a battery could
prove expensive.
In the circuit, which appears in the accompanying
diagram, the mains supply incorporates a heater
transformer, TI, the 6.3 volt secondary of which connects to the bridge rectifier given by D2 to D5. These
then couple to the large value electrolytic reservoir
capacitor, C3. A direct voltage supply which is sufficiently smooth for the present application appears
across this capacitor.
TR1 and TR2 are connected in a Darlington pair configuration which gives a very high level of current gain.
The base of TR1 is left open with no biasing resistors,
and it is found that the transistor passes negligible
emitter current under this condition. Voltage excursion at TRI base is limited, in the positive direction,
by forward turn -on in the base -emitter junctions of
the two transistors. In the negative direction TR1 base
voltage is limited by zener conduction in the two base emitter junctions at the maximum reverse voltage
levels. TM base is coupled to the touch button via C2
and a length of screened cable, the braiding of which
connects to the negative supply rail.
892
By D. W. Savage
COMPONENTS
Resistor
R1 30(2
watt 5%
Capacitors
Cl 100pF electrolytic, 10 V. Wkg.
C2 0.2F plastic foil
C3 1,000F electrolytic, 10 V. Wkg.
Transformer
TI Mains heater transformer, secondary
6.3V at 1 amp or more
Semiconductors
TR1 BC107
TR2 BC107
D1 -D5 1N4002
Switch
Si d.p.s.t. toggle
Relay
Miniature Open P.C. Relay,
(Doram)
41011 coil
Touch
button
To
switched
circuit
BC 107
Relay
Lead -outs
contacts
The touch button switch requires few components and is relatively easy to assemble. The relay energises
when the button is touched
The consequent small base current in TR1 is considerably amplified by the two transistors, causing
pulses of current at 50Hz to be passed to the relay coil.
Cl, across the relay coil, acts as a reservoir capacitor
and charges such that the voltage across the relay coil
remains steady at very nearly its peak value. Resistor
R1 limits charging current in Cl to 200mA, which is
the maximum rated emitter current for TR2. In the
prototype the measured voltage drop between TR2
collector and emitter when the button was touched fell
to about 1.3 volts only. It could be reduced (and the
voltage across the relay coil consequently increased)
by increasing the value of C 1, but this tends to make
relay release a little sluggish. With the present component values and voltages it would appear that TR2 is
hard on for at least part of the incoming hum cycle at
TR1 base.
The relay employed is a versatile type available
from Doram Electronics which is featuring in quite a
number of home -construction designs these days. Its
coil voltage operate range is 4.8 to 35 volts, and its
changeover contacts are rated 5 amps at 250 volts a.c.
or 30 volts d.c. Although primarily intended for fitting
to a printed circuit board by means of its tags, it can
also be mounted by two 8BA bolts passing through
holes in its metal frame. The frame is common to its
moving contact whereupon, if the relay is used to
switch a mains circuit, care must be taken to ensure
that the mounting bolt -heads or nuts are contained
inside an insulated housing.
TOUCH BUTTON
The touch button can be a small circle of any shiny
metal having a diameter of about 0.5in. It is mounted
in an insulated surround and couples to C2 via screened cable. Television coaxial cable should be satisfactory for lengths up to 20ft. or so but it may be
necessary to use screened audio wire for longer
lengths. The length of unscreened wire at both ends
JUNE 1976
THE 'SUPERALPHADYNE'
PORTABLE RECEIVER
Part 2
By Sir Douglas Hall, K.C.M.G.
WIRING
Fit VR1, VC1 and VR2 /S2 to the receiver assembly
with their tags taking up the positions shown in Fig. 3
(published last month). Then take up the 18 -way
tagboard and cut off a 5 -way section from one end,
leaving a 13 -way tagboard. With the board one way up
panel removed
694
Fig. 4. Wiring up the components on the tagboard. Some of the earthy circuits are completed by way of
the metal transformer frames. The letter references correspond with those in Fig. 3, which was
JUNE 1976
Range
down.
CHECKING
The receiver chassis is now completed and performance may be checked. Reaction should be very
smooth and on the normal medium wave band it
should be found that the critical setting for VR1 which
gives maximum sensitivity remains constant over
nearly the whole of the band. Experimenters may like
to replace R8 with a pre -set skeleton potentiometer of
10k11, as this component affects the constancy of the
reaction setting on medium waves. However, 4.7kO
represents a good compromise value for most
specimens of TR1, TR2 and Dl. If a potentiometer is
employed, it should not be adjusted to insert very low
resistance as it may then pass a somewhat excessive
track current.
695
CASE
A suitable case is illustrated in Fig.
VR1 has to be advanced a little further for maximum sensitivity on Ranges 1 and 3, and it will also
require some adjustment for different settings in VC1.
The most sensitive setting for VR1 is just short of oscillation, and the potentiometer should be adjusted to
this point when maximum selectivity is required.
Volume can then be controlled by VR2. Best quality
from local stations is given when VR1 is taken back
from the oint of maximum sensitivity.
If it is found that no reaction is obtained, check the
connections to L3 to ensure that this has been connected into circuit with correct phase.
As has already been described, the position of the
third grommet on the 8in. ferrite rod is adjusted to
120
give the required coverage on Range 1.
metres is about the high frequency limit for efficient
working. The grommet is in the correct position if it
allows Radio 4 on 285 metres to be tuned in with VC1
nearly at maximum capacitance. If desired, the adjustment in value to R6 which was referred to last
month may also be carried out.
/4`plywocd
Top
83/4"x 33/4"
'
5. The receiver
slides into this, the Fig. 2(d) item first, whereupon the
range change knob appears inside the space cut out
for it in Fig. 5(c). The panel of Fig. 2(b) is now the front
panel of the set and this may be covered with a thin
Perspex sheet to improve appearance. A piece of
speaker gauze is cut to fit, and this and the receiver
assembly can be inserted into the case at the same
time. Alternatively, speaker fabric can be glued to the
inside of the piece of Fig. 5(a). In Fig. 5(b) there is a
removable peg board which has its lower edge screwed
to the item of Fig. 2(c) and its upper end screwed to a
small piece of wood fixed to the top of the case. The
assembly and the case are held together when these
two screws are inserted and tightened up.
The case is covered with Fablon or Contact when
complete. The dimensions shown in Fig. 5 are
suggested for guidance only, and the actual case
dimensions should be taken from the receiver
assembly. This approach will take in any errors in
Wooden block
Panel
53/8x 11/2"
Receiver
slides in
here
I
Rear
Control
53/8k
knobs
33/4
'
Panel
Range knob
53/8"x
1/2`x1/2*
ii
11/4"
f--
I
Perspex
1/4 4plywood
(a)
Speaker
panel
83/4x 5 7/8
hont
33/4
i
I
Pegboard
/4plywood
S.R.Bpanel
1/4
plywood
Base of receiver
assembly
(b)
3/84
1318
_3/4
I4+
'
53/8
knob
Fig. 5. Details of a suitable case. The dimensions are suggested for guidance; actual
dimensions should be taken from the receiver
assembly as constructed
REAR
Speaker panel
to this edge
fitted
(c)
696
RADIO
&
ELECTRONICS CONSTRUCTOR
SET 4: 50p
SET 5: 38p
Set 3
Set 4
Set 5
ADDRESS
(BLOCK LETTERS PLEASE)
697
JUNE 1976
In your
Smithy
worksho
The sun had shone down serenely all
through the day and now, as this warm
June afternoon sauntered on towards
its close, it illuminated the Workshop
from an angle well below its zenith. Its
rays penetrated the somewhat grubby
Workshop windows and created well defined slanting shafts of light inside,
the borders of which were outlined by
lazily eddying motes of dust which
became radiant on entering the illumination or invisible as they passed
into the relative darkness outside.
The soporific atmosphere had taken
hold of Smithy, and the Serviceman
proceeded leisurely about his tasks.
Happilly, all the sets he dealt with
augmented the sensation of suspended
association with the harder facts of
life, and they presented faults which
were routine in locatiotr and simple in
remedy. Smithy's mind wandered
back to a long-ago pre -war Workshop
in which one of his duties had consisted of the wiring in series of several
dozen 2 volt accumulators so that they
could be placed on charge subsequently to be distributed amongst the
households of the neighbourhood
where they kept alight the filaments of
venerable valves as the HL2 and the
PM2DX.
The mood of somnolence had also
affected Smithy's assistant Dick, and
this was similarly nurtured by sets
which obligingly required little art in
diagnosis or skill in rectification of
their ills. Dick's thoughts wandered
not towards the past but towards the
future, and he conjured up fantasies of
radio wrist -watches whose timing was
controlled by a central transmitter,
698
is
able
to
J -K FLIP -FLOP
"Well," said Smithy contentedly, as
he stretched luxuriantly before settling
down comfortably on his stool, "this
has been one of the most pleasant days
I've known for ages."
Dick, perched on the edge of his
bench, nodded in agreement.
"It has," he stated, "been just about
right. No rush, no awkward snags and
everything cleared up in good time.
We've still got quarter of an hour to go
before packing -up time."
"Have we ?" queried Smithy. "Then
that's just what I need."
"How come?"
"It will give me time to show off my
latest gadget," replied Smithy. "I put
the finishing touches to it at home last
night."
The Serviceman leaned over and
opened a cupboard under his bench.
Reaching inside he drew out a small
plastic case, on the front panel of
which were mounted a toggle switch, a
press- button and two small light emitting diodes fitted in panel mounting bushes (Fig. 1.)
U O
Toggle
Press-button
switch
tion of which 1.e.d. remains on is completely random, and it cannot be influenced by the person pressing the
button."
"I see," said Dick, interested. "I
seem to recall seeing similar gubbinses
described before in home -constructor
mags."
"You will have," confirmed Smithy.
"Quite a few designs for selecting one
of two lamps or l.e.d.'s on pressing a
button have cropped up in the past. So
far as I know, the unit I've got here
employs a new approach, since the
random selection of the lit 1.e.d. is
achieved with the aid of a t.t.l. integrated circuit. However, the principle is very simple and I certainly
wouldn't claim that it breaks new
ground. On the other hand, the gadget
is so easy to make up that it represents
quite an attractive little electronic
plaything."
How does it work?"
"It has a 555 timer which is wired
up as a multivibrator running at an
audio frequency," replied Smithy.
"The 555 output is then coupled to a JK flip -flop, and the two l.e.d.'s are fed
from the flip -flop Q and not -Q out-
puts."
Dick sighed.
I should have known better than to
ask," he complained wearily. "All day
long I've been doing nothing more
complicated than replace capacitors
that are obviously broken down,
replace resistors that are obviously
STABILIZING CIRCUIT
Dick stared closely at the circuit.
"Well," he remarked, "there's one
bit I can recognise, and that's the zener
diode stabilizing circuit on the right."
"There's nothing complicated
there," stated Smithy. "The J -K flip -
-S2
On
R1
-R7
1/4
watt
10
-Ott
R7
27n
Ikn
+5V stab
AC 127
Lead -outs
TRI
A LEDI
TIL209
A LED2
AC 127
TIL209
RI
Co,
9V
IOkn
R4
360n
TIL 209
Lead -outs
R2
IOkn
1
me,
II
148
R5
ZDI
360n
SI
BZYBBC5VI
IC2
ICI
12
555
Clock
input
10
7470
7
b*
C2
IOO}iF
10V wkg
CI
T0047
555
Top view
), F
JUNE 1976
if this
is metai
699
PRAED STREET,
LONDON, W2 1NP
19 -21
Equipment
Tape Recoraers
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Television
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WITWORTH
TRANSFORMERS
TV Line
700
timer."
THE
Hi -Fi
PRESS -BUTTON
"Well," said Dick brightly, "things
-K
Flip -flop
J
Clock
INPUTS
OUTPUTS
"
TRUTH TABLE
Smithy completed the table and put
his pen back in his pocket. (Fig. 4.)
"That truth table looks a bit
different from the ones I've seen in the
past," said Dick suspiciously. "For a
start it's got two lots of headings for the
columns.
"Ah yes," replied Smithy. "Well
now, the first two columns apply to the
states of J and K at any instant of time
between the actuating downward going edges of two clock pulses. This
instant is referred to as Tn. The third
column covers the state of Q at a time
Tn +1. This is the time period after
one clock pulse actuating edge has
been applied to the flip -flop."
"Keep at it, Smithy," said Dick.
"You haven't lost me yet!"
"Right,' said Smithy briskly. "The
top line in the table applies to the instance where both J and K are O. After
the actuating clock pulse edge the
value of Q, in the third column, is Qn.
This means that Q, at Tn +1, is the
same as it was at Tn. If it was 1 before
the clock pulse actuating edge it is 1
after the actuating edge. Similarly, if it
was O before the actuating edge it is 0
after the actuating edge. With J and K
at zero, the clock pulse has no effect on
the state of Q."
"Okeydoke," said Dick, frowning.
"Let's carry on to the second line."
"In the second line," continued
Tn +
Tn
Qn
O
I
O
I
On
JUNE 1976
JEFFRIES
For
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701
AUDIO
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Includes contributions by such
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E. Govier, G. A. French,
Rayer,
Bretherick,
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124 pages
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702
FURTHER POINTS
"This is really something," stated
Dick enthusiastically, as he looked
once more at the circuit of Smithy's
device. "Hey, wait a minute, though!"
"What's up ?"
"Things aren't quite as simple as
you've made out," said Dick accusingly. "For instance, what's that lktl
resistor doing between the clock input
and the 5 volt positive rail ?"
"That's merely to hold the clock input firmly at 1 after you've pressed
S1," explained Smithy. "The resistor
is quite possibly not necessary, but I
added it just to be on the safe side. Its
value is not at all critical and it has no
effect on circuit operation when the
press- button is closed."
"Fair enough," commented Dick
slowly. "There's something else that's
worrying me, too. You said just now
that all we had to do was to connect the
J and K in Puts to the positive rail. So
far as I can see this merely means connecting three pins to the positive rail,
two for J and K and one for the
positive supply. You've got no less
than five pins connecting to positive.
Come to think of it, you s e got three
pins connecting to negative, too."
"I wondered how long it would be
cuit."
Smithy hunted through his papers
and eventually found the sheet he required. He put it down on his bench
and pointed to a diagram illustrating
the 7470 in its 14 pin d.i.l. package
(Fig. 6.)
RANDOM OPERATION
Dick leaned forward and pushed the
press- button. The l.e.d. marked '0'
glowed on its own. Dick released the
press- button and pushed it again.
Once more the l.e.d. marked '0' lit up.
Dick took his finger off the button then
made a further attempt. For the third
Preset
VCC+
14
Clock
KI
K2
12
13
KK
GAREX
10
Preset
AND gates
Inverters
Modulation transformers
Valve type 747, for 30W Tx
2.60
Transistor type, pip NKT404 to QQV03 -20a
(or QQV03 -10), with driver transformer to
match - special offer - the two
1.30
Mains transformer (multitap primary)
2500 -250V 200mA. 6.3V 5A, 5V 2A,
Clock
Clear
Clear
N.0
J2
JI
JK
GND
time the
'0'
OAREX ELECTRONICS
NORVIC ROAD, MARSWORTH,
TRING. HERTS HP23 4LS
Cheddington (STD 0296) 668684
Sole Address:
MORSE MADE
EASY
BY THE RHYTHM
METHOD!
start RIGHT you will be reading amateur
month. (norand commercial Mona within
mal progress to be expected.)
records
3
-speed
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Using scientifically
you automatically learn to recognise the code
RHYTHM without translating. You can't help
it. It's as easy as learning a tune. 18-W.P.M. In
4 weeks guaranteed.
The Complete Course consists of three records
Beginner'
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JUNE 1976
703
A minor variation on
TRI
Unstabilized
input
familiar theme
DARLINGTON PAIR
TR2
Unstabilized
input
Stabilized
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7D1
Stabilized
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1
Fig.
1.
if the
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transistors
Unstabdized
input
Stabilized
output
--
R. Biles, Brisbane
H.R.O. National Receiver
Cottage, Roundhatn, Crewkerne, Somerset. Any information, data or diagrams for Bandspread Coils.
- -
set 302)
JUNE 1976
J.
--
M. Rollinson, 3 Ledbury
Circuit plans or any inClose, Birmingham B16 8RR
formation, to borrow or purchase.
Player
705
TV
FAULT FINDING
UNDERSTANDING
TELEVISION
by
MANUAL for
405/625 LINES
J. R. DAVIES
Over 500 pages
300 diagrams
3.25
P.
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fA44trf_
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EDITED BY J. R. DAVIES
132
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'
706
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(Continued from page 708)
ELECTRVUFE
FOR SALE: Frequency meter TS174 (similar to BC221) 20280 Mc /a, mains psu, 25. Absorption wavemeters, Mar-
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30. Metrovick miniscope 20. Avo 7 14. Avo 8 20. All in
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Carriage extra. Box No. G312.
CATALOGUE 8 ISSUE 2
Second printing now ready, revised and up -dated on prices, etc.
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PUBLICATIONS
(Continued on page 71
JUNE 1976
Become
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Learn how to become a radio
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New this month are 520 MHz divide -by -ten ICs. the 11C90 at E14.00; a nevi
extruded aluminium heatsink for the TDA2020 for 70p, when purchased
with the IC, and a new series of cases, especially conceived for our range .,I
tuner modules, for AM, FM, and now TV sound "off-air".
,000
Radio /MPx and linear IC,
Var,rao Mort, won 4 Touen RF , It
5600
EC3302
7252
limited
supply of sheets of Dial Frequency Transfers in black.
and
144Mc
/s
ShOrt Wave frequencies 1.8Mc /s to 32Mc /s
and 146Mc /s. Includes amateur band marker frequencies
at 100kc /s points and other short wave frequencies from 2
to 32 Mc /s at every 500-Kc /s points. Each frequency is
repeated. Two sheets for 5p., five sheets for 10p., postage
6p. Data Publications Ltd., 57 Maid Vale, London, W9
1SN.
a
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TV SOUND SYSTEM
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EXPERIMENTS
WITH
OPERATIONAL
AMPLIFIERS
learning by Doing
ANOTHER
SPECIAL
OFFER
GEORGE B. CLAYTON
1,000 copies of this brand new book are now in our warehouse and available
at a special low prie to readers of Radio & Electronics Constructor.
Paperback
Hardcover
(Published Price 3.35)
(Published Price 7.95)
2.65 (save 70p)
6.50 (save 1.45)
Both prices include postage and packing.
A Companion to Linear Integrated Circuit Applications which we previously offered you, this book covers a wide range of practical operational
amplifier applications. It gives circuits which include component values, and
suggests measurements that can be made in order to study circuit action.
To:
within 21 days
copy /copies of
EXPERIMENTS WITH OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
paperback
hardback El (please tick required edition)
Please send me
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Address