Boost Controller With Power Factor Correction
Boost Controller With Power Factor Correction
Boost Controller With Power Factor Correction
Description
nn
Applications
L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks of Linear
Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Industrial
nn Aviation
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Typical Application
Universal Input 200W PFC Boost Converter
B1
GBU404
0.1F
499k
100k
10F
499k
VOUT
400V
560F 0.5A
2
4.7pF
100k
D3
2k
1M
VIN_SENSE
FB
EN/UVLO
95.3k
9.53k
LT8312
GATE
VREF
SENSE
INTVCC
OVP
GND
100k
221k
VC
98
1M
DCM
VIN
1M
Efficiency
99
20
97
EFFICIENCY (%)
90V
TO 265V
AC
D2 20
D4
CMR5H-06
4:1
115VAC
96
95
230VAC 50Hz
94
93
4.7F
92
0.01
91
2.2F
20
40
8312 TA01a
8312fa
LT8312
Absolute Maximum Ratings
(Note 1)
Pin Configuration
EN/UVLO....................................................................30V
VIN.............................................................................42V
INTVCC.......................................................................18V
FB ................................................................................3V
VC ................................................................................5V
VIN(SENSE).................................................................1mA
OVP..............................................................................4V
SENSE.......................................................................0.4V
DCM........................................................................3mA
Operating Temperature Range (Note 2).....40C to 125C
Storage Temperature Range................... 65C to 150C
TOP VIEW
GND
GND
GND
VREF
OVP
VC
GND
GND
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
VIN_SENSE
SENSE
GATE
INTVCC
EN/UVLO
VIN
DCM
FB
MS PACKAGE
16-LEAD PLASTIC MSOP
JA = 125C/W
Order Information
(http://www.linear.com/product/LT8312#orderinfo)
LEAD FREE FINISH
PART MARKING*
PACKAGE DESCRIPTION
TEMPERATURE RANGE
LT8312EMS#PBF
LT8312EMS#TRPBF
8312
40C to 125C
LT8312IMS#PBF
LT8312IMS#TRPBF
8312
40C to 125C
LT8312HMS#PBF
LT8312HMS#TRPBF
8312
40C to 150C
LT8312MPMS#PBF
LT8312MPMS#TRPBF
8312
55C to 150C
Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. *The temperature grade is identified by a label on the shipping container.
Consult LTC Marketing for information on nonstandard lead based finish parts.
For more information on lead free part marking, go to: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/
For more information on tape and reel specifications, go to: http://www.linear.com/tapeandreel/
8312fa
LT8312
Electrical Characteristics
The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25C.
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
38
60
70
70
A
A
10
45
UNITS
Quiescent Current
VEN/UVLO = 0.2V
Not Switching
VINTVCC = 11V
60
I = 1mA
40
VEN/UVLO = 0.2V
VEN/UVLO = 1.5V, Not Switching
EN/UVLO = 1V
VREF Voltage
0A Load
200A Load
l
l
15.5
2.2
17.5
2.7
A
mA
1.21
1.25
1.29
10
12
1.97
1.95
2.0
1.98
2.03
2.03
V
V
96
102
107
mA
12.5
1.8
3
Current Out of Pin
15
mV
mV
A
90
130
170
ns
1.22
1.25
1.28
0.01
0.03
%/V
100
600
nA
VVC/VFB
180
V/V
I = 5A
170
mhos
0.1
80
400
kHz
Linear Regulator
INTVCC Regulation Voltage
9.8
Dropout (VIN-INTVCC)
Current Limit
12
80
10
10.4
500
900
mV
25
120
mA
mA
Gate Driver
tr GATE Driver Output Rise Time
CL = 3300pF
18
ns
CL = 3300pF
18
ns
0.01
INTVCC
50mV
8312fa
LT8312
Typical Performance Characteristics
EN/UVLO Threshold
vs Temperature
RISING
1.26
1.24
FALLING
1.22
1.2
50 25
11.5
11
40
20
10
2.05
0
50 25
VREF vs VIN
120
2.04
SENSE CURRENT LIMIT (mV)
2.03
2.02
VIN = 24V WITH NO LOAD
2.000
1.975
1.950
VREF (V)
VREF (V)
50
8312 G02
VREF vs Temperature
2.025
2.01
NO LOAD
2
1.99
200A LOAD
1.98
1.97
1.925
MAX ILIM
100
80
60
40
20
1.96
1.900
50 25
1.95
10
15
20
8312 G04
INTVCC vs Temperature
25
VIN (V)
30
10.2
40
39.5
9.2
0
41
40.5
9.6
9.4
9.75
ISHUNT = 1mA
41.5
10
INTVCC (V)
10
NO LOAD
10mA LOAD
25mA LOAD
8312 G05
9.8
9.5
50 25
0
50 25
40
35
INTVCC vs VIN
10.25
INTVCC (V)
60
30
10.5
2.050
VIN = 12V
70
10
50 25
2.075
10.5
VIN = 24V
80
8312 G01
2.100
VIN IQ vs Temperature
90
IQ (A)
1.28
EN/UVLO (V)
100
12
1.3
10
15
25
20
VIN (V)
30
40
35
39
50 25
8312 G08
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LT8312
Typical Performance Characteristics
Maximum VIN Shunt Current
vs Temperature
0.90
POWER FACTOR
40
THD
30
230VAC 50Hz
20
230VAC 50Hz
0.85
0.80
0.75
0.70
5
50 25
115VAC
0.95
50
9
SHUNT CURRENT (mA)
60
10
10
0.65
115VAC
0
20
40
8312 G10
0.60
20
40
Pin Functions
GND (Pins 1, 2, 3, 7, 8): Ground.
VREF (Pin 4): Voltage Reference Output Pin, Typically
2V. This pin drives a resistor divider for the OVP pin. Can
supply up to 200A.
OVP (Pin 5): Overvoltage Protection. This pin accepts a
DC voltage to compare to the voltage output information.
When FB pin voltage is above the OVP, the part stops
switching. This protects devices connected to the output.
VC (Pin 6): Compensation Pin for Internal Error Amplifier.
Connect a series RC from this pin to ground to compensate the switching regulator. A 100pF capacitor in parallel
helps eliminate noise.
FB (Pin 9): Voltage Loop Feedback Pin. FB is used to
regulate the output voltage.
DCM (Pin 10): Discontinuous Conduction Mode Detection
Pin. Connect a capacitor and resistor in series with this
pin to the auxiliary winding.
VIN (Pin 11): Input Voltage. This pin supplies current to
the internal start-up circuitry and to the INTVCC LDO. This
pin must be locally bypassed with a capacitor. A 42V shunt
regulator is internally connected to this pin.
EN/UVLO (Pin 12): Enable/Undervoltage Lockout. A resistor divider connected to VIN is tied to this pin to program
the minimum input voltage at which the LT8312 will turn
on. When below 1.25V, the part will draw 60A with most
of the internal circuitry disabled and a 10A hysteresis
current will be pulled out of the EN/UVLO pin. When above
1.25V, the part will be enabled and begin to switch and
the 10A hysteresis current is turned off.
INTVCC (Pin 13): Regulated Supply for Internal Loads
and GATE Driver. Supplied from VIN and regulates to 10V
(typical). INTVCC must be bypassed with a 4.7F capacitor
placed close to the pin.
GATE (Pin 14): N-Channel FET Gate Driver Output. Switches
between INTVCC and GND. Driven to GND during shutdown
state and stays high during low voltage states.
SENSE (Pin 15): The Current Sense Input for the Control
Loop. Kelvin connect this pin to the positive terminal of the
switch current sense resistor, RSENSE, in the source of the
NFET. The negative terminal of the current sense resistor
should be connected to the GND plane close to the IC.
VIN(SENSE) (Pin 16): Line Voltage Sense Pin. The pin is
used for sensing the AC line voltage to perform power
factor correction. Connect a resistor in series with the
line voltage to this pin.
8312fa
LT8312
Block Diagram
D2
R2
L2
C1
R1
L1
D1
10
12
16
EN/UVLO
DCM
4
VREF
VIN
VIN(SENSE)
R4
1.22V
Q1
ONE
SHOT
A2
V
600MV
VC
13
C5
A1
DRIVER
MASTER
LATCH
INTVCC
R11
C4
M2
R10
S R
A7
CURRENT
COMPARATOR
A3
A8
R3
1.22V
C6
START-UP
INTERNAL REG
R9
FB
VOUT
11
5 OVP
VIN
C2
R14
R5
R8
C3
R13
A6
SENSE
A4
MULTIPLIER
GATE
14
M1
15
R6
GND
1, 2, 3, 7, 8
OSCILLATOR
8312 BD
8312fa
LT8312
Operation
The LT8312 is a power factor correction boost controller
IC. It provides high power factor and low harmonic distortion in applications with current mode control and critical
conduction mode.
Active power factor correction is becoming a requirement for offline power supplies. A power factor of one is
achieved if the current drawn is proportional to the input
voltage. The LT8312 modulates the peak current limit with
a scaled version of the input voltage. This technique can
provide power factors of 0.97 or greater.
The Block Diagram shows an overall view of the system.
The external components are in a boost topology configuration. The auxiliary winding supplies power to the part in
steady-state operation. The VIN pin supplies power to an
internal LDO that generates 10V at the INTVCC pin. The
control circuitry consists of an error amplifier, a multiplier,
a current comparator, and a master latch, which will be
explained in the following sections. A comparator is used
to detect discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) with a
cap connected to the auxiliary winding. The part features
a 1.9A gate driver.
When the VIN(SENSE) pin is connected to the supply voltage with a resistor, the current limit is proportional to the
supply voltage. If the LT8312 is configured with a fast
control loop, the VC pin would adjust to the changes of the
VIN(SENSE). The only way for the multiplier to function is
to set the control loop to be an order of magnitude slower
than the fundamental frequency of the VIN(SENSE) signal.
In an offline application, the fundamental frequency of
the supply voltage is 120Hz so the control loop unity gain
frequency needs to be set less than approximately 12Hz.
Start-Up
8312fa
LT8312
Operation
steady state, but relies on the capacitor to start up the part,
then the auxiliary winding begins to provide power to the
VIN pin along with the resistor. An internal voltage clamp
is attached to the VIN pin to prevent the resistor current
from allowing VIN to go above the absolute maximum
voltage of the pin. The internal clamp is set at 40V and is
capable of 8mA (typical) of current at room temperature.
Setting the VIN Turn-On and Turn-Off Voltages
A large voltage difference between the VIN turn-on voltage
and the VIN turn-off voltage is preferred to allow time for
the auxiliary winding to power the part. The EN/UVLO
sets these two voltages. The pin has a 10A current sink
when the pins voltage is below 1.25V and 0A when
above 1.25V. The VIN pin connects to a resistor divider
as shown in Figure 1.
The UVLO threshold for VIN rising is:
VIN(UVLO,RISING) =1.25V
R1+R2
+10A R1
R2
R1+R2
R2
VIN
R1
EN/UVLO
LT8312
GND
R2
8312 F01
VOUT = VBG
R3+R4
R5
8312fa
LT8312
Operation
and the energy in the parasitic capacitance on the switch
node transfers to the input capacitor. This is a secondorder network composed of the parasitic capacitance on
the switch node and the main inductor. The minimum
voltage of the switch node during this discontinuous
ring is 2VIN-VOUT. The LT8312 turns the switch back on
at this time, during the discontinuous switch waveform,
by sensing when the slope of the switch waveform goes
from negative to positive using the dv/dt detector. This
switching technique may increase efficiency by 5%.
At low current limits, the frequency of critical conduction mode can become very high. The LT8312 features a
maximum frequency clamp of 400kHz. The part operates
in discontinuous conduction mode when the natural critical conduction mode frequency is higher than 400kHz.
Sense Resistor Selection
The resistor, RSENSE, between the source of the external
N-channel MOSFET and GND should be selected to provide
an adequate switch current to drive the application without
exceeding the current limit threshold.
Minimum Current Limit
The LT8312 features a minimum current limit of approximately 3% of the peak current limit. This helps improve
the harmonic distortion during the input supplies off-line
crossover period.
Universal Input
The LT8312 operates over the universal input voltage
range of 90V AC to 265V AC.
Loop Compensation
The feedback loop is a traditional gm error amplifier. The
loop crossover frequency is set much lower than twice
the line frequency for PFC to work properly. In a typical
application, the compensation capacitor is 1F.
MOSFET and Diode Selection
With a strong 1.9A gate driver, the LT8312 can effectively
drive most high voltage MOSFETs. A low QG MOSFET is
recommended to maximize efficiency. In most applications,
the RDS(ON) should be chosen to limit the temperature rise
of the MOSFET. The drain of the MOSFET is stressed to
VOUT during the time the MOSFET is off and the diode is
conducting current.
The diode is stressed to VOUT when the switch is on. The
average current through the diode is equal to the load
current.
Discontinuous Mode Detection
The discontinuous mode detector uses AC-coupling to
detect the ringing on the auxiliary winding. A 22pF capacitor with a 30k resistor in series is recommended in
most designs.
Power Factor Correction/Harmonic Content
The LT8312 attains high power factor and low harmonic
content by making the peak current of the main power
switch proportional to the line voltage by using and internal
multiplier. A power factor of >0.97 is easily attainable for
most applications by following the design equations in
this data sheet. With proper design, LT8312 applications
can easily meet most harmonic standards.
8312fa
10
1 2
Z1
C1
0.22F
L N
90-265VAC
J1
L1
15mH
F1
3.15A
B1
GBU404
C2
0.47F
L4
300H
C12
1F
C13
1nF
R18
75k
R5
24.9k
1%
R4
11.8k
1%
R3
301k
1%
R7
150k
1%
1206
R2
499k
1%
1206
C3
100pF
R8
2.4M
1%
D1
BAV20W
R6
150k
1%
1206
R1
499k
1%
1206
12
16
11
VIN
C5
680nF
GND
R26
10k
1%
C14
4.7F
GND
GND
INTVCC
SENSE
GATE
FB
GND
VC
LT8312
DCM
10
C6
4.7nF
GND
OVP
VREF
EN/UVLO
VIN_SENSE
C4
10F, 50V
D2
BAV20W
D3
CMZ5934B
R9
47
1206
13
15
14
R10
2k
R11
10
1%
R13
1M
1206
C9
100pF
50V
R14
100
Q1
IPA50R190CE
C15
100pF
L3
760802122
450H
10:1
D4
1N4005
R19
0
12
R12
9.53k
D6
1N4148W
C8
4.7F
16V
INTVCC
C7
27pF
R15
0.015
1206
R16
1M
1206
D5
CMR5H-06
C10
100F
450V
R17
1M
1206
J2
+
8312 TA02
400V/0.375A
1
2
LT8312
Typical Applications
8312fa
1 2
Z1
C1
47nF
L1
27mH
L N
97~134VAC
400Hz
J1
F1
2.5A
B1
KBP204G
C12
100nF
L4
1mH
C12
220nF
C13
1nF
R18
75k
R5
24.9k
1%
R4
11.8k
1%
R3
301k
1%
R7
100k
1%
1206
R2
499k
1%
1206
C3
100pF
R8
2.4M
1%
D1
BAV20W
R6
100k
1%
1206
R1
499k
1%
1206
12
16
11
VIN
C5
27nF
R26
82.5k
1%
C14
470nF
GND
GND
GND
INTVCC
SENSE
GATE
FB
GND
VC
LT8312
DCM
10
C6
4.7nF
GND
OVP
VREF
EN/UVLO
VIN_SENSE
C4
10F, 50V
D2
BAV20W
D3
CMZ5934B
R9
47
1206
13
15
14
R10
2k
R11
10
1%
R13
1M
1206
C9
100pF
50V
R14
100
Q1
IPA50R190CE
C15
100pF
L3
760801130
750H
D4
1N4005
R19
0
12
R12
9.53k
D6
1N4148W
C8
4.7F
16V
INTVCC
C7
27pF
R15
0.04
1206
R16
1M
1206
D5
CMR2U-06
C10
47F
450V
R17
1M
1206
J2
+
8312 TA03
400V/0.15A
1
2
LT8312
Typical Applications
8312fa
11
LT8312
Package Description
MS Package
16-Lead Plastic MSOP
5.10
(.201)
MIN
3.20 3.45
(.126 .136)
4.039 0.102
(.159 .004)
(NOTE 3)
0.50
(.0197)
BSC
0.305 0.038
(.0120 .0015)
TYP
0.254
(.010)
DETAIL A
3.00 0.102
(.118 .004)
(NOTE 4)
4.90 0.152
(.193 .006)
0 6 TYP
0.280 0.076
(.011 .003)
REF
16151413121110 9
GAUGE PLANE
0.53 0.152
(.021 .006)
DETAIL A
0.18
(.007)
SEATING
PLANE
1.10
(.043)
MAX
0.17 0.27
(.007 .011)
TYP
1234567 8
0.50
(.0197)
BSC
NOTE:
1. DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETER/(INCH)
2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE
3. DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS.
MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.152mm (.006") PER SIDE
4. DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS.
INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.152mm (.006") PER SIDE
5. LEAD COPLANARITY (BOTTOM OF LEADS AFTER FORMING) SHALL BE 0.102mm (.004") MAX
12
0.86
(.034)
REF
0.1016 0.0508
(.004 .002)
MSOP (MS16) 0213 REV A
8312fa
LT8312
Revision History
REV
DATE
DESCRIPTION
2/16
Modified schematics.
PAGE NUMBER
1, 14
8312fa
13
LT8312
Typical Application
Universal Input 200W PFC Boost Converter
90V
TO 265V
AC
0.1F
499k
D2 20
100k
VOUT
400V
560F 0.5A
2
10F
499k
D4
4:1
4.7pF
100k
D3
2k
1M
VIN
1M
1M
DCM
VIN_SENSE
FB
EN/UVLO
95.3k
9.53k
LT8312
GATE
VREF
SENSE
INTVCC
OVP
GND
100k
221k
VC
20
4.7F
0.01
2.2F
8312 TA04
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www.linear.com/LT8312
8312fa
LT 0216 REV A PRINTED IN USA