CHE 317 Presentation
CHE 317 Presentation
CHE 317 Presentation
COMPUTER
PACKAGES FOR
CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
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SPREADSHEET
FOR ENGINEERS
USING
EXCEL
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Usefulness of spreadsheet
programmes
Has special features for solving many
problems arising in engineering analysis.
It can be used to determine roots of algebraic
equations, fitting curves through data sets,
analysing data statistically, engineering
economic analysis,solving optimization
problems etc.
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Engineering analysis
This involves a systematic process for
analysing and understanding problems in
engineering.
A preliminary understanding of a problem is
needed for efficient analysis.
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/ = Division, A1/B1
^ = Exponentiation, A1^3
% = Percentage (divide by 100) A1%
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GRAPHING DATA
Its one of the most common tasks carried out
with a spreadsheet program.
Excel can generate a wide variety of graphs.
The graphs are referred to as charts.
We have;
Bar graphs (Column charts)
Line graphs (Line charts)
X-Y graphs (Scatter charts or XY charts).
These are the graphs most commonly used in
engineering applications.
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Engineers refer to the horizontal axis (the xaxis) as the abscissa and the vertical axis (yaxis) as ordinate.
In excel the horizontal axis is called either the
Category Axis or the Value Axis depending on
the chart type.
CREATING A GRAPH
1. Select a block of contiguous cells containing
the data to be plotted (the source data).
2. The selection may include column headings or
row labels.
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Click on insert.
Click on chart.
Select a chart type as appropriate.
A graph can be activated by clicking on it.
It can be dragged to any location when
activated.
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Line Graphs
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X-Y GRAPHS
Its created by passing a line or a curve through
a series of paired data points.
Each paired data point consists of an x-value
and a y-value; hence, the same x-y graph.
Most engineering and scientific data are
recorded as paired data points and displayed
in the form of x-y graphs.
Do not confuse x-y graphs with line graphs.
Place questions and answers here.
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SEMI-LOG GRAPHS
Sometimes we use logarithmic coordinates
when plotting y against x.
A graph in which the y-axis (the ordinate) has
a log scale and the x-axis (the abscissa) has an
arithmetic scale is known as semi-log graph.
They are commonly used in engineering,
chemistry, physics, biology
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ANALYSING DATA
Engineers gather data to measure variability
or consistency.
Measured data tell us in interpreting the
results.
Tedious arithmetic must be carried out in
order to interpret the results, particularly for
large data set.
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Data Characteristics
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STANDARD DEVIATION
It also provides a measure of spread in the
data set. It is the square root of the variance.
If variance is large, SD is large. If variance is
small, SD will also be small.
To determine the a value for the SD, you must
first calculate the variance. In excel, the STDEV
returns the standard deviation of its
arguments, =STDEV(B1:B12) returns for cells
B1 to B12.
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Histogram
Through this plot, data are plotted in a
manner that illustrates how the values are
distributed within their range.
It is also called relative frequency plot. From
this plot we can obtain a plot of cumulative
distribution.
Cumulative distribution allows us to estimate
the likelihood that a data value associated
with an item drawn at random is less than or
greater than some specified value.
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Regression features
The Analysis Toolpak provides for the
regression features.
It fits a straight line (called regression line) to a
set of data using the method of least squares.
The output includes coefficients of the
regression line equation, the sum of the
squares of errors, the r2 value, optional
outputs can also be requested( listing
individual error term called the residuals and a
plot of the data).
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Power function
Its an equation of the form
Y = axb
Place example.
If one or more data points are nonpositive, the
power icon will be inactive
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Polynomial function
They are functions as
Y = C1 + C2X + C3X2 + + Ck+1Xk
K = degree of polynomial
K+1 = solutions of K+1 simultaneous equations.
Fitting a cubic equation involves solving four
equations in four unknowns.
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