Kirchhoff's Circuit Laws
Kirchhoff's Circuit Laws
Kirchhoff's Circuit Laws
Ik = 0
k=1
i1
i2
R1
1.1 Uses
A matrix version of Kirchhos current law is the basis of
most circuit simulation software, such as SPICE. Kirchhos current law combined with Ohms Law is used in
nodal analysis.
i4
vg
i3
This law is also called Kirchhos second law, Kirchhos loop (or mesh) rule, and Kirchhos second
This law is also called Kirchhos rst law, Kirchhos
rule.
point rule, or Kirchhos junction rule (or nodal rule).
The principle of conservation of energy implies that
The principle of conservation of electric charge implies
that:
The directed sum of the electrical potential differences (voltage) around any closed network is
At any node (junction) in an electrical circuit,
zero, or:
the sum of currents owing into that node is
More simply, the sum of the emfs in
equal to the sum of currents owing out of that
any closed loop is equivalent to the
node
sum of the potential drops in that
or equivalently
loop, or:
1
EXAMPLE
3 Limitations
R1
v1
+
v4
R2
R3
v3
v2
c
R5
v5
Vk = 0
k=1
2.1
Generalization
6 References
R1
s1
i2
R2
s2
i1
i3
[1] Oldham, Kalil T. Swain (2008). The doctrine of description: Gustav Kirchho, classical physics, and the purpose
of all science in 19th-century Germany (Ph. D.). University of California, Berkeley. p. 52. Docket 3331743.
[2] Ralph Morrison, Grounding and Shielding Techniques
in Instrumentation Wiley-Interscience (1986) ISBN
0471838055
[3] simonjz05,. High Voltage Cable Inspection (video).
R3
i1 i2 i3
R2 i2 + E1 R1 i1
R3 i3 E2 E1 + R2 i2
=0
=0
=0
Which is equivalent to
i1 + i2 + i3
R1 i1 + R2 i2 + 0i3
0i1 + R2 i2 R3 i3
Tipler, Paul (2004). Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Electricity, Magnetism, Light, and Elementary
Modern Physics (5th ed.). W. H. Freeman. ISBN
0-7167-0810-8.
Graham, Howard Johnson, Martin (2002). Highspeed signal propagation : advanced black magic
(10. printing. ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall PTR. ISBN 0-13-084408-X.
=0
= E1
= E1 + E2
Assuming
R1 = 100, R2 = 200, R3 = 300(ohms) ; E1 = 3, E2 = 4(volts)
the solution is
i1 = 1100
4
i2 = 275
3
i3 = 220
i3 has a negative sign, which means that the direction of i3
is opposite to the assumed direction (the direction dened
in the picture).
See also
Faradays law of induction
Kirchhos laws (disambiguation)
Lumped matter discipline
7.1
Text
7.2
Images
7.3
Content license