I-105 3rd 2007 Fiscal Measurement Systems For Hydrocarbon Liquid
I-105 3rd 2007 Fiscal Measurement Systems For Hydrocarbon Liquid
I-105 3rd 2007 Fiscal Measurement Systems For Hydrocarbon Liquid
I-105
Edition 3, August 2007
This NORSOK standard is developed with broad petroleum industry participation by interested parties in the
Norwegian petroleum industry and is owned by the Norwegian petroleum industry represented by The Norwegian
Oil Industry Association (OLF) and The Federation of Norwegian Industry. Please note that whilst every effort has
been made to ensure the accuracy of this NORSOK standard, neither OLF nor The Federation of Norwegian
Industry or any of their members will assume liability for any use thereof. Standards Norway is responsible for the
administration and publication of this NORSOK standard.
Standards Norway
Strandveien 18, P.O. Box 242
N-1326 Lysaker
NORWAY
Copyrights reserved
Telephone: + 47 67 83 86 00
Fax: + 47 67 83 86 01
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.standard.no/petroleum
Foreword
Introduction
Scope
2.1
2.2
3
3
4
3.1
3.2
4
4
5
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
General requirements
General
Uncertainty
Sampling and water fraction metering equipment
Calibration
Computer design
5
5
6
6
6
6
5.1
5.2
7
7
9
6.1
6.2
19
19
20
7.1
7.2
21
21
23
24
25
28
29
36
38
NORSOK standard
Page 1 of 41
Foreword
The NORSOK standards are developed by the Norwegian petroleum industry to ensure adequate safety,
value adding and cost effectiveness for petroleum industry developments and operations. Furthermore,
NORSOK standards are, as far as possible, intended to replace oil company specifications and serve as
references in the authorities regulations.
The NORSOK standards are normally based on recognised international standards, adding the provisions
deemed necessary to fill the broad needs of the Norwegian petroleum industry. Where relevant, NORSOK
standards will be used to provide the Norwegian industry input to the international standardisation process.
Subject to development and publication of international standards, the relevant NORSOK standard will be
withdrawn.
The NORSOK standards are developed according to the consensus principle generally applicable for most
standards work and according to established procedures defined in NORSOK A-001.
The NORSOK standards are prepared and published with support by The Norwegian Oil Industry Association
(OLF), The Federation of Norwegian Industry, Norwegian Shipowners' Association and The Petroleum Safety
Authority Norway.
NORSOK standards are administered and published by Standards Norway.
Annexes A, B and F are normative. Annexes C, D and E are informative.
Introduction
This edition replaces the version from 1998. The basis for this NORSOK standard has been the version from
1998 combined with general industry experience over the last years. The structure from the 1998 version has
been kept and the main changes are related to the following topics:
The revision has been carried out by NORSOK expert group EG IM "Metering" with members from end users
(oil companies), authorities, contractors, consultants and metering system vendors.
NORSOK standard
Page 2 of 41
Scope
This NORSOK standard describes the functional and technical requirements for fiscal measurement systems
for liquid hydrocarbons based on dynamic methods. Further this NORSOK standard provides criteria for
selection of such systems or main components thereof.
The following standards include provisions and guidelines which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions and guidelines of this NORSOK standard. Latest issue of the references shall be used unless
otherwise agreed. Other recognized standards may be used provided it can be shown that they meet or
exceed the requirements of the referenced standards.
2.1
Normative references
ANSI/ASME,
API MPMS, Chap. 4,
API MPMS, Chap. 4.3,
API MPMS, Chap. 4.8,
API MPMS, Chap. 5,
API MPMS, Chap. 5.2,
API MPMS, Chap. 5.3,
API MPMS, Chap. 5.8,
API MPMS, Chap. 8.3,
API MPMS, Chap. 10.9,
API MPMS, Chap. 11,
API MPMS, Chap. 11.2.2,
API MPMS, Chap. 12,
API MPMS, Chap. 20,
BIPM, et.al.*),
IEC 60751,
IP 386/99,
NORSOK standard
Page 3 of 41
2.2
Informative references
IP PMP No. 2,
For the purposes of this NORSOK standard, the following terms, definitions and abbreviations apply.
3.1
3.1.1
accreditation
official recognition to the effect that an organisation is operating in accordance with a documented quality
assurance system and that it has demonstrated competence to carry out specified tasks
3.1.2
allocation
distribution of sold/produced quantities of hydrocarbons between licensees and owner companies
3.1.3
can
verbal form used for statements of possibility and capability, whether material, physical or casual
3.1.4
fiscal quantity
measured quantity of hydrocarbons used for sale, custody transfer, ownership allocation or calculation of
royalty or tax
NOTE The term "fiscal " refers to the function of the measurement system, not its level of measurement uncertainty.
3.1.5
in-line
concept where the main pipe volumes flows through the in-line unit
3.1.6
may
verbal form used to indicate a course of action permissible within the limits of this NORSOK standard
3.1.7
prover unit
conventional pipe prover, compact prover, master meter or other applicable method to calibrate the flow
element
3.1.8
quantity
measure of the hydrocarbon medium, by volume, mass or energy
3.1.9
shall
verbal form used to indicate requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to this NORSOK standard
and from which no deviation is permitted, unless accepted by all involved parties
NORSOK standard
Page 4 of 41
3.1.10
should
verbal form used to indicate that among several possibilities one is recommended as particularly suitable,
without mentioning or excluding others, or that a certain course of action is preferred, but not necessarily
required
3.1.11
standard gross volume
oil volume at standard conditions including water
3.2
Abbreviations
A/D
ANSI
API
ASTM
BIPM
CD-ROM
CEN
CMR
CPU
D/A
EN
FAT
GRP
ID
IEC
IFCC
I/O
IP
IP PMP
IP PMM
ISO
IUPAC
IUPAP
LPG
MPMS
NFOGM
NPD
OD
OIML
OLF
PD meter
P&ID
Pt-100
RAM
RVP
SAS
SI
VDU
analogue to digital
American National Standards Institute
American Petroleum Institute
American Society for Testing and Materials
International Bureau of Weight and Measure
compact disc read only memory
The European Committee for Standardization
Christian Michelsen Research
central processing unit
digital to analogue
European Standard
factory acceptance test
glassfibre reinforced polyester
internal pipe diameter
International Electrotechnical Commission
International Federation of Clinical Chemistry
input/output
Institute of Petroleum
Institute of Petroleum, Petroleum Measurement Paper
Institute of Petroleum, Petroleum Measurement Manual
International Organization for Standardization
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
International Union of Pure and Applied Physics
liquified petroleum gas
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standard
Norwegian Society for Oil and Gas Measurement
Norwegian Petroleum Directorate
outer pipe diameter
International Organisation of Legal Metrology
The Norwegian Oil Industry Association.
positive displacement meter
piping and instrument diagram
platinum resistance thermometer
read access memory
reid vapour pressure
safety and automation system
International System of Units
visual display unit
General requirements
4.1
General
The measurement system which fulfils the functional and technical requirements and has the lowest life cycle
cost shall be selected.
Fiscal measurement systems for hydrocarbon liquid include all systems for
NORSOK standard
Page 5 of 41
All systems shall give readings and reporting in SI-units according to ISO 1000, except for pressure where
the unit bar shall be used and for dynamic viscosity where the unit mPas shall be used.
The standard reference condition shall be 15 C, 1,01325 bar absolute, see ISO 5024. LPG measurement
could use other reference conditions in accordance with recognized standards.
For system concepts with no system specific requirements in this NORSOK standard, the design shall, when
standards are available, be based on (in order of priority)
4.2
Uncertainty
Uncertainty limit (expanded uncertainty with a coverage factor k=2) for the fiscal oil measurement system
shall be 0,30 % of standard gross volume.
Any other uncertainty limit may be applicable for fiscal measurement systems if validated by a cost-benefit
analysis performed and accepted by the operator, see Annex C. In such cases, a deviation list including the
relaxed requirements from this NORSOK standard should be defined.
The uncertainty figures shall be calculated for each component and accumulated for the total system in
accordance with the following reference documents:
Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement;
a practical implementation is shown in Handbooks of uncertainty calculation, including spreadsheet;
issued by CMR, NPD and NFOGM.
4.3
Automatic sampling equipment shall be installed. For determination of water content in oil, a continuous
water-in-oil monitor shall be considered as alternative to automatic sampling and subsequent laboratory
analysis. Sampling systems, however, may be needed for other analyses such as density, salt, sediments,
composition analysis, and samples to be delivered to the customer etc. Such other use of the sampler shall
be taken into consideration.
Manual sampling point shall also be installed.
4.4
Calibration
All instruments and field variables used for fiscal calculations or comparison with fiscal figures shall be
traceable calibrated to international/national standards. Calibration by an accredited laboratory fulfils these
requirements. Test requirements prior to start-up are given in Annex B.
All geometrical dimensions used in fiscal calculations shall be traceably measured and certified to
international/national standards. The material constants shall be documented. Implemented constants shall
be available for verification, see 5.2.5.17.
4.5
Computer design
The vendor shall develop a functional specification for the computer part. This document shall clearly specify
all functions and features, e.g. the applied algorithms, the sequences of the system, operator responses and
error handling.
NORSOK standard
Page 6 of 41
5.1
Functional requirements
5.1.1
General
The measurement system shall measure crude oil, or other hydrocarbon liquids flow rates and accumulated
quantities and control an automatic oil sampler system. Where applicable, approval by the national authorities
is required.
5.1.2
Products/services
Maximum pressure loss across the measurement station (including in- and outlet headers) shall be 2,0 bar,
with no meter calibration in progress and 2,5 bar, with meter calibration in progress.
Single liquid phase shall be maintained across the measurement station. The operating pressure in the
metering run shall be maintained sufficiently above vapor pressure.
5.1.3
Equipment/schematic
The measurement system shall consist of
The computer part shall be dedicated computer(s). However, the supervisory computer part may be a
dedicated part of the SAS.
A compact design is encouraged to reduce space requirements and weight.
5.1.4
Performance
5.1.4.1 Capacity
The measurement system shall be capable of measuring the full range of planned quantities of hydrocarbon
liquid through the measurement system. The flow rate in each meter run shall not exceed limits, which result
in total uncertainty exceeding the uncertainty limits for the system, listed in 5.1.4.2.
NOTE
5.1.4.2
NPD Regulations requires one spare meter run for a multi-run metering station.
Uncertainty
The uncertainty limit shall be 0,30 % (expanded uncertainty with a coverage factor k=2) of standard gross
volume. For water content above 0,5 %, special attention shall be made to ensure compliance with the
uncertainty limits and proper performance of the measurement system.
5.1.4.3 Lifetime
The lifetime is application specific.
5.1.4.4
Availability
The measurement system shall be designed for continuous measurement of all expected flow rates.
5.1.5
Process/ambient conditions
Refer to process data sheet (project specific).
5.1.6
Operational requirements
5.1.6.1 General
The measurement system shall be operated from the computer part. It shall be possible to operate the
measurement system from SAS, see 5.2.5.3.
NORSOK standard
Page 7 of 41
It shall be possible to measure the oil flow, operate the system and perform proving even if the supervisory
computer fails completely.
The system shall automatically perform all line/valve control for meter runs that are in service mode, as
required during normal operation and during the proving phase. There shall also be a manual mode for such
operations.
The meter run inlet valves and the prover/master meter outlet valve shall as minimum be manually operated
by electrical actuator.
It shall be possible to operate all valves locally.
The closing of the last open meter run shall only be possible in manual mode.
It shall be possible to automatically start and perform the proving sequence based on specified deviation
criteria, e.g. flow rate deviation, density deviation, time since last proving. It shall be possible to start the
proving sequence manually while in automatic mode and to disable the automatic mode. It shall also be
possible to perform a proving sequence for one trial manually in a step-by-step manner.
Continuity in measurement of the oil flow shall be maintained during regular calibration of the field
instruments and whenever a field instrument of any type fails.
5.1.6.2 Tanker loading measurement system
In automatic mode the different phases in a loading sequence such as start-up, loading, topping off and
termination shall be pre-programmed in the computer. The computer shall automatically calculate and set the
sampling rate when given the size of the oil batch.
The measurement system shall apply batch retroactive K-factor for the first meter calibration during the
batch. Electronic batch totals shall be incremented or decremented immediately upon determination of the
retroactive K-factor. Any non-reset-able counters that can not be decremented shall have separate
decrement-registers (reset to zero at start of batch) to be incremented to zero before counting continues in
non-reset-able counters.
When no batch is in progress, any flow passing through the measurement system shall be accumulated in
non-reset-able non-batch totals.
5.1.7
Maintenance requirements
5.1.7.1 General
The field instrumentation shall be selected to reduce need for maintenance and calibration activities.
The maintenance requirements for automated condition based maintenance in Annex A shall apply. In
addition, there should be easy access to all instruments and flow elements for maintenance.
5.1.7.2 Calibration
Locations where checking and calibration take place shall be protected against environmental influences and
vibrations so that the requirements given in this NORSOK standard can be fulfilled.
It shall be possible to calibrate all instruments and separate components in the electronic loop either without
moving them from their permanent installations, without disconnecting any cables, or by using transmitters
fitted with quick connectors (for removal for calibration/ maintenance). An exception to this will be a flow
meter that requires off-line calibration.
If it is impossible to calibrate the meter at the relevant process conditions, the meter shall at least be
calibrated for the specified flow velocity range.
Densitometer cables shall be equipped with quick connectors for easy retrofit.
There shall be connections for in-situ calibration of the prover unit.
NORSOK standard
Page 8 of 41
The computer part shall be designed so that during calibration the amounts shall be registered separately
and independently of measured amounts. In calibration mode, the flow time shall be registered and displayed
by the flow computer/computer system.
5.1.7.3 Maintenance
There shall be easy access to any part requiring regular calibration and maintenance. Facilities to ease the
calibration shall be included in the system or offered as an option.
The software shall provide means of calling up live transmitter values (one at a time) onto the operator
workstation for purpose of calibration. The input shall be displayed in engineering units. Input shall be
displayed on VDU with the same time period as read by the I/O system, i.e. no averaging.
5.1.7.4 Isolation and sectioning
It shall be possible to maintain the mechanical part of the system without dismantling the manifolds (or
similar).
It shall be possible to isolate the prover unit for uninterrupted metering during calibration.
5.1.7.5 Thermal insulation
The insulation/heat tracing shall be removable for test and field calibration of instruments in the measurement
system.
5.1.8
Layout requirements
Bypassing of the measurement system is not permitted.
Sufficient upstream lengths of pipe shall be installed, including space to allow for necessary filters, strainers
and flow conditioners.
Ultrasonic flow meters shall not be installed in the vicinity of pressure reduction systems (valves etc.), which
may affect the signals.
5.1.9
Interface requirements
The computer part shall be interfaced to
5.1.10
Testing and commissioning requirements
The testing and commissioning requirements given in Annex B shall apply.
5.2
Technical requirements
5.2.1
General
The requirements below are only relevant if the specified component is part of the measurement concept.
5.2.2
5.2.2.1 Sizing
The measurement system shall be designed to measure any expected flow rate with the meters operating
within
80 % for continuous metering,
90 % for batch metering.
of their standard range (not extended).
NORSOK standard
Page 9 of 41
Page 10 of 41
closed drain and vent system, each with single connection at system limit,
double block-and-bleed valve arrangement with spectacle blind in drain and vent lines.
5.2.3.1 General
The capacity of the prover unit shall correspond to the maximum of flow meter standard range.
Three blinded connections with block valves shall be installed to enable serial and parallel calibration of the
prover unit. The prover unit shall be calibrated before delivery from the manufacturer.
If exposed to ambient conditions, the prover unit including temperature measurement points etc. may be
thermally insulated and/or heat traced.
Informative references are given in IP PMM Part X, Section 1 and Section 3.
NORSOK standard
Page 11 of 41
The inner surface, rubber sealings, lining of prover, etc. shall be of a material that is compatible with and can
withstand the oil flowing through.
Four-way valve of large size should have a hydraulic actuator.
The design shall minimise dynamic forces during diverter valve operation.
The uncertainty limits are 0,04 % of calibrated volume (expanded uncertainty with a coverage factor k=2).
The repeatability shall be within 0,02 % (band) when the method "5 successive repeats" is used.
The statistical method described in Annex F may be used to determine average calibrated volumes and
evaluate the corresponding repeatability expressed as uncertainty. The maximum acceptable uncertainty
band at 95 % confidence level is 0,02 %.
5.2.3.3 Compact prover
The prover shall be design according to API MPMS Chap. 4.3.
The uncertainty limits are 0,04 % of calibrated volume (expanded uncertainty with a coverage factor k=2).
The repeatability shall be within 0,02 % (band) when the method "5 successive repeats" is used.
The statistical method described in Annex F may be used to determine average calibrated volumes and
evaluate the corresponding repeatability expressed as uncertainty. The maximum acceptable uncertainty
band at 95 % confidence level is 0,02 %.
5.2.3.4 Master meter
Same requirements shall apply as in 5.2.2.3.
5.2.4
Instrument part
NORSOK standard
Page 12 of 41
For smart pressure transmitters the stability shall be equal or better than 0,1 % of upper range limit for 12
months. For smart temperature transmitters the stability shall be equal or better than 0,1 C for 24 months.
5.2.4.5 Temperature loop
For fiscal measurement applications the smart temperature transmitter and Pt-100 element should be two
separate devices where the temperature transmitter shall be installed in an instrument enclosure connected
to the Pt-100 element via a four-wire system. Alternatively, the Pt-100 element and temperature transmitter
may be installed as one unit where the temperature transmitter is head mounted onto the Pt-100 element
(four- or three-wire system).
The Pt-100 element should as a minimum be in accordance with EN 60751, tolerance A.
The temperature transmitter and Pt-100 element shall be calibrated as one system where the Pt-100
elements curve-fitted variables shall be downloaded to the temperature transmitter before final calibration.
The loop uncertainty shall be better than 0,15 C.
5.2.4.6 Thermowells
All thermowells shall at least be inserted 1/3 ID into the pipe, but less than 1/2 ID. Further details and
principles are given in ISO/TR 9464, 12.3.4. A second thermowell shall be installed within 2 ID of the primary
thermowell.
For horizontal pipes thermowells shall be installed in 10 oclock to 2 oclock position to allow for liquid filling of
the well. For vertical pipes thermowells shall be installed to allow for liquid filling of the well.
The design shall avoid critical vibration in the thermowell. The vibration calculation shall be done for 20 %
above maximum design flow rate, see ANSI/ASME Performance Test Code 19.3 - 1974, Chap. 1, section 819 thermowells.
Thermowells inner diameter suitable for elements of 6 mm should be used.
Thermowells shall be mounted in such a manner that the temperature element can be installed and removed
from the well for maintenance reasons.
5.2.4.7 Density
Continuous measurement of density is required.
There shall be automatic selection of best available measured or fallback value for density.
The design shall be in accordance with IP PMM Part VII.
The density shall be measured by the vibrating element technique. Density calculation and calibration shall be
in accordance with company practice. The density shall be corrected to the conditions at the fiscal
measurement point.
There shall be direct transmission of densitometer pulses/frequency signal to the computer part or via smart
communication. Reference is made to 5.2.4.3.
Uncertainty:
Specified uncertainty:
Specified repeatability:
Page 13 of 41
Computer part
5.2.5.1 General
The computer part shall consist of a sufficient number of computers performing the functions specified in
5.2.5.2 to 5.2.5.18, VDUs, printers for reporting, and a communication system for transferring signals to other
systems.
5.2.5.2 Computer design
The software for calculation of fiscal quantities shall be stored in a secure and resident manner.
Reference is made to ISO 9000-3.
Version number shall identify the present software program version(s). Change of version number shall be
implemented every time permanent program data is altered. It shall be possible to determine the present
program version directly from VDU and/or printouts.
The update time shall be less than 2 s for the VDU update and the resolution shall be sufficient to verify the
requirement for calculation accuracy. Any displayed values shall be presented by eight significant digits if
necessary. This shall be valid in the normal range of any parameter and 10 % of this value.
Change of fiscal day for continuous measurement systems will be project specific, e.g. 00:00 or 06:00 each
day.
NORSOK standard
Page 14 of 41
The flow computers shall be equipped with battery supported RAM to ensure warm start after 1 year power
off.
Pulse integrity handling shall be according to ISO 6551, level A.
Pulse interpolation to meet requirement for 0,01 % volume resolution during meter calibration shall be in
accordance with ISO 7278-3.
Input signals:
Signals from prover unit displacer detectors shall be read as interrupts. Signals from all instruments in one
meter run shall be read during 1 s, except for temperature and density, which may be read every 5 s. Signals
from duplicated instruments shall be read within 0,5 s. A/D conversion shall be by 14 bits minimum. The
system shall accept any manual input necessary to perform calculations mentioned below for any measured
value. The manual input values shall be verifiable without rounding off or truncation of digits.
Output signals:
D/A conversion for fiscal purposes shall be by 14 bits minimum.
5.2.5.3 Process operator interface
The process operator interface shall as a minimum comprise
The graphic user interface shall include a simplified P&ID with process variables and valve status. It shall be
possible to operate all valves from the graphics.
5.2.5.4 Measurement computer system
The computer system functions and interface shall as a minimum comprise
The graphic user interface shall include a simplified P&ID with process variables and valve status. It shall be
possible to operate all valves from the graphics.
5.2.5.5 Calculations
The computer shall calculate flow rates and accumulated quantities for
actual volume flow,
standard volume flow,
mass flow.
All calculations shall be performed to full computer accuracy (no additional truncation or rounding).
The interval between each cycle for computation of instantaneous flow shall be less than 10 s.
NORSOK standard
Page 15 of 41
Where the interval between the calculations extends over several updates of input data, the average value of
input data shall be used in the computations.
Algorithm and truncation/rounding errors for computations in the computer part shall be less than 0,001 %.
This requirement shall be verifiable.
The computer part shall include electronic means for storing accumulated fiscal quantities for each meter run
and the total measurement system. These figures shall also be stored in back-up files (non resetable counter
function) .The figures shall be stored for the time period that is regarded as necessary. The files/records shall
be secured in such a way that they can not be zeroed or altered unless a special procedure is followed.
When calculating oil volume all correction factors Ctlm, Cplm, Ctsp, Cpsp, Ctlp and Cplp, according to API
MPMS, Chap. 11 and Chap. 12, shall be implemented. The compressibility factors shall be calculated
according to API MPMS Chap. 11.2.1.
The combination of the correction factors shall be according to API MPMS Chap. 12. Calculation of standard
density from measured density and calculation of operating density from standard density, using the
correction factors above, shall be implemented. The parameters in the calculation of each correction factor
shall be user selectable. Informative references is given in IP PMP No2.
The following calculated values shall as a minimum be available for reports and VDU:
For continuous measurement systems (pipelines):
The resolution on the VDU shall be sufficient to verify the requirements for calculation accuracy.
5.2.5.6 Check
Comparisons shall be implemented between duplicated instruments measuring the same process value.
Comparisons shall also be implemented between instruments measuring the same process value in different
meter runs. Comparisons shall be based on values averaged over a moving time window to be operator
selectable between wide intervals, i.e. from 1 s to 10 min.
Facilities shall be included to enable user verification of functions, parameters and accuracy for input values,
calculated values and output values.
Back-up density shall be automatically selected in the event of failure in the main method for density
determination.
Ultrasonic meter check:
All parameters relevant for verifying the condition of the meter shall be included in the self-check or be
available for manual verification of the meter.
5.2.5.7 Alarms
The alarm system shall raise alarms, print out alarms and/or save alarms to external file, if any comparison
check exceeds operator selected limits or if any measured value is outside predetermined limits or in case of
indication of instrument failure, computer failure or failure in valve operation.
The alarm system shall be designed in a flexible way, fulfilling as a minimum the following requirements:
NORSOK standard
Page 16 of 41
5.2.5.8 Events
The system shall log all events as a result of system or operator action to external file and printer.
The events shall include old and new manually entered parameters on the computer part that may be
changed by an operator.
5.2.5.9 Reporting of data for continuous measurement system
The computer shall generate quantity reports containing as a minimum:
Reports for the following intervals shall be available: current status (no average values), hourly and daily.
The computer shall provide proving reports. All correction factors applied in the calculation and all data
required for manual checks of the calculated correction factors shall be included in the report.
The reports above shall be printed automatically, but it shall also be possible to suppress the printing of the
reports. The reports shall also on request be shown on VDU. When fixed values or fallback values are used
instead of the live signals sometime during the report interval, this shall be visually identified on the print out
and on the VDU.
The reported data shall be for each meter run and with totals for the measurement system.
If the reporting computer is down across change of hour or day, the quantities thus not reported for the
expected time period shall be automatically recovered and reported with the first report that is generated
when the computer comes back in service.
Printing of measurement reports shall be on a separate fast laser printer.
Trend curves shall be available on VDU and printers as well as in tabular form, showing values representing
measured and calculated flow and process values, for user selectable time periods (that is from 1 h to 62
days). The displayed values shall represent the measured and calculated values for a time interval adapted to
the selected time period, using data reduction. For each measured and calculated value, the data reduction
shall as a minimum produce the minimum, maximum, current and average values for the time interval. For
the last hour the time interval shall be maximum 10 s. There shall be continuous updating of a live trend
curve for the last hour for all values. Zoom facilities shall be available in both x and y direction. Screen dump
facility shall be available.
5.2.5.10 Reporting of data for batch measurement system
The computer shall generate quantity reports containing as a minimum:
Reports for the following intervals shall be available: accumulated quantity from start of batch, hourly and total
batch.
The other requirements are the same as for continuous measurement system, see 5.2.5.9.
5.2.5.11 Storing of data for continuous measurement system
One-hourly reports to be stored to computer file for 62 days, daily reports for 1 year and calibration reports for
1 year.
NORSOK standard
Page 17 of 41
the software, including programs and data shall not occupy more than a maximum 50 % of the computer
memory, at any time;
no more than 50 % of the computer disk capacity shall be utilized;
the system, application and communication software shall require less than 50 % of the CPU capacity;
input/output rack shall have 25 % spare;
the flow computer rack shall have 25 % spare
NORSOK standard
Page 18 of 41
The system shall operate correct i.e. calculate and report correct regardless of change in day, month, year,
decade etc.
5.2.5.17 Downloading of constants and ranges
Last versions of constants and ranges are to be downloaded to the flow computer upon initiation, restart or on
operator request. In addition, it shall be possible in a secure manner, to download single constants or ranges
to the flow computer. Some data consisting of several data items must be downloaded as complete data
sets. This applies to e.g. densitometer constants.
The supervisory computer must verify that the flow computer has received the current value. The value
downloaded must be shown together with the value read back from the flow computer.
All values to be changed shall be stored to disk on supervisory computer.
It shall be possible to request a configuration/parameter report at any time.
5.2.5.18 Automatic restart
The system shall be capable of orderly shutdown in the event of a total power failure or major transient.
Restart after power failure shall be automatic and shall include restart for all features, devices and programs
including correct time from a radio clock, or a battery backed up calendar clock.
6.1
Functional requirements
6.1.1
General
The water-in-oil meter shall automatically and continuously measure the percent of produced water by
volume in a crude flow at line conditions. In addition the percent of produced water shall be calculated by
volume at standard condition and on mass basis. Recognised methods and requirements for water fraction
metering are "NFOGM 2005, Handbook for water fraction metering" and ISO 3171.
6.1.2
Products/services
Not applicable.
6.1.3
Equipment/schematic
The meter may be installed in-line (fullbore) or in a bypass.
The considerations listed in "NFOGM 2005 Handbook for water fraction metering" shall be followed. The
measurement shall be continuous and the response time of the measured values should be maximum 1 s.
6.1.4
Performance
6.1.4.1 Capacity
The water-in-oil meter shall perform within the required uncertainty limits for the full turndown ratio of the
measurement station.
6.1.4.2 Uncertainty
The uncertainty limits are (expanded uncertainty with a coverage factor k = 2):
The repeatability shall be better than 0,50 % (band) above 0,01 % volume water content (five successive
repeats).
Acceptable uncertainty limits for the most critical parameters influencing the water-in-oil measurement shall
be determined, see 4.2. For water content above 0,5 %, special attention (e.g. independent design review,
extended documentation and testing, include additional design margins) shall be made to ensure compliance
with the uncertainty limits and proper performance of the measurement system.
NORSOK standard
Page 19 of 41
The water-in-oil meter shall only be mounted in locations where there is a sufficiently well mixed flow-regime
for the type of meter in use.
Vertical mounting will help to ensure adequate mixing. It should be assured that the meter is installed where
the fluid velocity is sufficient. A static mixer may be installed upstream of the water-in-oil meter to ensure
good mixing.
The water-in-oil meter should be located as close as possible to the fiscal measurement station.
Water-in-oil meters may alternatively be installed in each meter run, downstream of the primary measuring
device.
6.1.4.3 Lifetime
Project specific.
6.1.4.4 Availability
The system shall be designed for continuous measurement or calculations of all expected flow rates.
6.1.5
Process/ambient conditions
The water-in-oil meter shall automatically compensate for changes in process and/or ambient conditions
influencing the accuracy of the meter, reference is made to process data sheet (project specific). For
conversion calculations from flowing conditions to reference conditions, see Annex D.
6.1.6
Operational requirements
A digital link should be available for configuration and calibration purposes of the water-in-oil meter.
6.1.7
Maintenance requirements
6.1.7.1 Maintenance
The following requirements apply:
it shall be easy access to any part requiring regular calibration and maintenance. Facilities to ease the
calibration shall be included in the system or offered as an option;
it shall be possible to maintain the mechanical part of the system without dismantling the manifolds (or
similar);
the software shall provide means of calling up live transmitter values (one at a time) onto the operator
workstation for purpose of calibration. The input shall be displayed in engineering units. Input to be
scanned on screen with same time period as read by the I/O system, i.e. no averaging.
6.2
Technical requirements
6.2.1
Mechanical part
Water-in-oil meters with no moving parts are preferred.
NORSOK standard
Page 20 of 41
6.2.2
Instrument part
The output values from the water-in-oil meter shall be available as either a 4 mA to 20 mA signal, frequency
signal and/or via digital communication.
6.2.3
Computer part
For an example of water-in-oil calculations, see Annex D.
Version number shall identify the present software program version(s). Change of version number shall be
implemented every time permanent program data is altered. It shall be possible to determine the present
program version directly from VDU and/or printouts.
Facilities shall be included to enable user verification of functions, parameters and accuracy for input values,
calculated values and output values.
The computer shall be prepared for check of sensor calibration against reference fluids.
7.1
Functional requirements
7.1.1
General
The system shall collect and store a representative oil sample at line conditions, allowing it to be transported
to the laboratory for repeatable analysis. The system shall be mounted close to the pipeline and collect
samples over a specific sample period (e.g. a day, a week, a month or for a batch) unattended. Adequate
mixing equipment shall, if deemed necessary, be installed upstream of the sampling probe.
The measurement system shall control the automatic oil sampler system and
In addition, there shall be a manual sample point, where the manual sampling probe shall be installed such
that a representative sample of the process fluid can be collected. Adequate mixing equipment shall, if
deemed necessary, be installed upstream of the sampling probe. However, if an auto-sampler is included in
the measurement system the manual sampling may be taken from the same probe. To ensure representative
samples special consideration shall be made when multiple probes are installed. This to avoid interaction
between probes.
7.1.2
Products/services
Not applicable.
7.1.3
Equipment/schematic
The system shall be designed in accordance with ISO 3171. Optionally the amendments and supplements to
ISO 3171 as specified in Annex E shall be adhered to (project specific).
Informative references is given in IP PMM Part VI.
API MPMS Chap. 8.2 is relevant for defining project specific sampling requirements.
The sample equipment shall be contained in cabinet(s) except for
NORSOK standard
Page 21 of 41
The cabinet(s) and tubing shall be insulated and heated to keep temperature of the fluid in the sampling
system at least 10 C above the wax appearance (if applicable) or pour point temperature, whichever is the
highest. This shall, if necessary, be achieved by using heat tracing and insulation of the piping and sample
receiver. The heating shall be adjustable. There shall not be any water trap between the sampler probe and
the sample receiver/can.
The manual sample point shall be equipped with flushing facilities and a cabinet with required valves and
quick connectors in addition to an arrangement where the sample cylinder can be placed during spot
sampling.
7.1.4
Performance
7.1.4.1 Capacity
Receiver size to allow for 10 000 grabs per sample period within 80 % of filling range. Grab size shall be
minimum 1 ml. For batch loading number of grabs per sample may be limited by maximum sampling
frequency.
7.1.4.2 Uncertainty
Reference is made to ISO 3171. For water content above 0,5 %, special attention (e.g. independent design
review, extended documentation and testing, include additional design margins) shall be made to ensure
compliance with the uncertainty limits and proper performance of the measurement system.
7.1.4.3 Lifetime
Project specific.
7.1.4.4 Availability
The system shall be designed for continuous measurement or calculations of all expected flow rates.
7.1.5
Process/ambient conditions
Project specific on data sheets.
7.1.6
Operational requirements
The following requirements apply:
the control function shall be done from a dedicated controller, SAS or a metering system;
there shall be continuous monitoring in the control unit of the sample volume collected and of maximum
filling alarm.
7.1.7
Maintenance requirements
There shall be easy access in cabinet(s) to all main components and valves.
7.1.8
Isolation and sectioning
It shall be possible to isolate the system from the main process.
7.1.9
Layout requirements
The sampling system should be located in the vicinity of the fiscal measurement station to ensure
representative sampling.
7.1.10
Interface requirements
The system shall be able to communicate with controlling device (metering computer or SAS).
7.1.11
Testing and commissioning requirements
The following FATs shall be carried out:
NORSOK standard
Page 22 of 41
7.2
Technical requirements
NORSOK standard
Page 23 of 41
Annex A
(Normative)
Requirements for automated condition based maintenance
A.1
General
The fiscal measurement station shall be designed for fully automated condition based maintenance. This
includes the ability to automatically verify the current condition of all measured field tags that are of
importance to the integrity of the fiscal measurement station. These field tags are typically pressure,
temperature, density, differential pressure, flow values (e.g. turbine meter k-factor, ultrasonic meter values),
level in sampling container (compared to calculated level) etc.
This verification of current condition shall preferably be carried out using calibrated reference meters. The
condition based monitoring may however also be carried out using duplicated equipment or by any other
relevant method.
Where possible, comparative monitoring of parallel meter runs shall be carried out, i.e. when two or more
meter runs are in operation.
A.2
Software requirements
The software shall be prepared for easy and reliable verification of the accuracy of the measured field tags.
Parameters indicating the condition of each field tag (i.e. deviations from reference values or other
deviations) shall be stored and trended graphically. Additionally, a current condition report shall be generated
at predefined times or on demand. The current condition report shall include comparisons against predefined
limits of deviation for each parameter. Generally, a verification of current condition shall be automatic. The
current condition reports may be combined with the reports of the daily status of the measurement system.
In a metering station with prover, a function for automatic meter calibration combined with statistical
evaluation of previous K-factors, shall be implemented. It shall be possible for a new K-factor to be
automatically accepted by comparison with the statistical K-factor (e.g. average of the last 30 accepted Kfactors) and predefined limits for acceptance. Manual acceptance shall be invoked if the new K-factor
exceed acceptance limits. It shall be possible to select a mode where a fixed K-factor is used instead of the
statistical K-factor.
NORSOK standard
Page 24 of 41
Annex B
(Normative)
Testing and commissioning
B.1
General
This annex outlines the minimum test requirements for fiscal measurement systems.
B.2.
B.2.1
General
The supplier shall not present any item for inspection and testing until he has completed his own inspection
and testing. The purchaser reserves the right to perform any checking as deemed necessary.
A written record is to be made of all tests and results and copies made available to the purchaser, if required.
The objective of the acceptance tests will be to assure that the systems meets the functional and technical
requirements described in this NORSOK standard. Supplier shall prepare acceptance test procedures for
factory and offshore acceptance tests, which shall demonstrate that all specifications of this NORSOK
standard and subsequent functional design document are met. Purchaser will review and comment, as
necessary, to arrive at a mutually agreeable acceptance test procedure prior to start of testing.
The equipment shall undergo a FAT prior to shipping. Personnel from purchaser will normally witness the test
and decide if the equipment has performed satisfactorily. Any problems found shall be corrected by the
supplier, who shall demonstrate that any discrepancies have been corrected prior to shipment.
The supplier shall at each test, as a minimum demonstrate the following:
B.2.2
This test shall be performed as described in B.2.1. There shall be an arrangement to simulate all field signals
into the system and indicating or metering instruments to monitor the output signals of the system.
This test shall be documented as described in FAT procedure, and completed before the next test is
performed.
B.2.3
This test shall be performed as described above for all systems. The test shall be arranged as follows:
the test will start with a review of suppliers documentation of the following:
all software is tested and is free of patches;
all hardware modules have been tested in accordance with recognized industrial standards, with
regard to susceptibility to environmental conditions, such as variations in signal and supply voltages;
result of suppliers test as per above procedure.
NORSOK standard
Page 25 of 41
the purchaser will then perform the test on his own, assisted by suppliers personnel as required;
during the test purchaser may also introduce some reasonable additional tests to check that the system
operates accurately under normal or abnormal operating conditions.
B.2.4
Verification of system after power-up, full load test. Integrated test with SAS. Operating manuals shall be
available for this test.
B.2.5
A simplified version of the FAT will be performed again after the equipment has been shipped offshore.
Field instruments i.e. secondary instruments shall prior to start up, be traceably re-calibrated by an accredited
laboratory to international/national standards before the instruments are taken into service.
Ultrasonic flow meter:
After being pressurised, but before being put into operation, the ultrasonic flow meter shall be checked to
verify velocity of sound and zero flow point for each individual sound path. The supplier shall determine
deviation limits for the various parameters, before the meter is put into service.
The equipment will be accepted as operational after all required functions have been demonstrated and
proven to be in actual operation.
B.3
B.3.1
Test equipment
All test equipment shall be of standard and precision which is appropriate to the tests to be performed, with
calibration certificates from an accredited laboratory.
B.3.2
Procedure for calibration shall be sent purchaser for review and acceptance. Purchaser will witness these
calibrations (3 weeks notice required before verification).
The flow meters shall be individually calibrated at a laboratory, which is traceable to international/national
standards at process conditions (velocity of flow, pressure and temperature), as similar to the operational
conditions as possible. The effect of variations in temperature and pressure shall be determined. The
calibration factor shall be determined. The meters shall be identified, and a certificate shall be issued. For the
ultrasonic flow meter, the zero flow point correction shall be determined.
The flow meters shall initially be traceably calibrated using product of viscosity similar to process fluid to verify
the repeatability and linearity requirements in 5.2.2.3. The calibration shall be carried out at the highest and at
the lowest part of the working range, and at three points distributed between the minimum and maximum
values. Five repeats shall be made for each point.
If it is impossible to calibrate the meter at the relevant process conditions, the meter shall at least be
calibrated for the specified flow velocity range.
When calibrating the prover unit, if the first five consecutive trials are outside a band of 0,02 % of the average
volume, it is acceptable to carry out three additional trials. If the spread is still outside of 0,02 % of the
average volume, fault finding shall be undertaken, before the calibration sequence is restarted.
An inspection/test shall take place when the measurement skids have been fully completed in all details and
prior to purchasers FAT. The inspection/test will as a minimum comprise the following:
check that all instruments are installed in such a way that they will give correct measurement and easy
calibration;
review of calibration certificates for field instruments. Recent calibration certificates for all instruments
within the skids shall be available. The purchaser may require some or all of the instruments to be check
calibrated at this test.
NORSOK standard
Page 26 of 41
B.4
Instrument panels which form part of the total measurement package shall undergo the functional tests as
stated in the approved supplier test procedure.
The complete panels with all the equipment installed and connected, shall be tested for electric continuity,
insulation and earth, and shall be heat soak tested as mutually agreed.
The supplier shall, before shipment, visually inspect, calibrate where necessary, and functionally test all
instruments that are included in the package instrumentation system. This shall apply whether instruments
are mounted on the package, mounted but disconnected for shipment, or shipped loose for installation at the
module construction yard or offshore.
Spool pieces shall be provided for all in line instruments that will have to be removed for flushing, precommissioning or commissioning tasks.
B.5
Total system test. Liquid function test for liquid hydrocarbon system that
includes prover
This test shall be performed when the tests of the various components have been successfully completed.
Complete functional test as follows:
two meter streams selected at random shall be flow tested simultaneously, one stream metering, and
one stream on prove, up to the maximum linear capacity of each meter;
unless otherwise specified by project pressure loss tests shall be performed during proving at maximum
line flowrate, see 5.1.2. Pressure loss measured on water on a single line to be converted to pressure
loss at oil flow at maximum operating conditions.
B.6
Preservation
The entire fiscal measurement system shall be protected against corrosion and other damages during export
shipment and storage. Supplier shall propose methods/procedures/conditions of warranty for period from
FAT to start up operation.
NORSOK standard
Page 27 of 41
Annex C
(Informative)
System selection criteria
C.1
General
The cost of using a concept with high accuracy (concept A) may be unreasonable in relation to the monetary
value of the additional measurement uncertainty of a less accurate/less expensive concept (concept B). The
selection of metering concept shall be based on one of the two alternative cost/benefit analyses given in C.2
and C.3.
C.2
C.3
Metering systems for satellite fields with tie-in and processing on existing
field platforms
An analysis shall be performed to quantify
a) the monetary value of 1 % reduction in measurement uncertainty for oil and gas based on difference in
ownership between satellite field owners and existing field owners, during the lifetime of the installation.
(Assuming for example that owners are willing to use 0,25 NOK maximum to reduce measurement
uncertainty by 1,0 NOK),
b) the uncertainty of the well-test concept for oil and gas (no measurement),
c) a matrix (table) showing the monetary value of reducing measurement uncertainty from the well-test
concept towards 0 % measurement uncertainty for oil and gas.
The key parameter in this analysis for decision making, is the total cost of using a metering system with a
specified measurement uncertainty, compared to the monetary value of the corresponding reduction in
measurement uncertainty from the no measurement case for oil and gas, during the lifetime of the
installation.
All monetary values above shall be calculated as net present values of investment and operating cost. A
calculation to be performed for each field owner including all field owners shares.
NORSOK standard
Page 28 of 41
Annex D
(Informative)
Water in oil calculations
D.1
General
This annex describes the net oil calculations for measurement systems which utilize continuous water in oil
measurement.
Water in oil calculations is recommended not to be used during proving calculations, i.e. for determine K-factor
or meter factor.
It is further recognized that the uncertainty in net standard volume and net mass is highly affected by the water
content.
Calculations in this annex assume no shrinkage when mixing oil and water.
Calculation flow chart for water in oil determination according to this annex includes the following options:
Option A: Densitometer for continuous measurement of mixture density (at densitometer conditions) is
included in the measurement system and used as basis for determining dry oil standard density.
Option B: Dry oil standard density is determined from lab analysis
Water standard density to be determined on laboratory and to include for any salt.
Oil density calculation:
The Cto and Cpo correction factors are the oil temperature and pressure volume factors Ctl and Cpl for
densitometer, water-in-oil meter and meter conditions, as found in API Manual of Petroleum Measurement
Standards, Chapter 11.1 and 11.2, or with constants determined from accredited determination of
representative oil properties. An iterative procedure is required in order to determine the dry oil density at
reference condition for calculating the correction factors.
Oil density is oil standard density multiplied by Cto and Cpo for that condition.
Water density calculation:
Water density is determined as actual water standard density multiplied by Ctw and Cpw for that condition.
Methods for determination of
a)
b)
c)
d)
D.2
Abbreviations
Page 29 of 41
CP - Changeable parameter. Parameter that will have an initial value (e.g. from a certificate) and that may be
changed at routine.
D.3
This clause describes the variable names used in equations and algorithms.
The column Source indicates whether a variable is a measured process value, an operator-entered value or
a calculated value. Some variables may have more than one possible source depending on selected process
instrumentation and calculation algorithms.
Name
Units
Description
Source
[kg/m ]
Comp
dens
[kg/m ]
Comp
mix-line
[kg/ m ]
Comp
mix-wio
[kg/ m ]
Comp
ref
[kg/Sm ]
Comp, CP
3
ref-o-pure [kg/Sm ]
Comp
3
ref-water [kg/Sm ]
CP
Comp
waterD
[kg/m ]
ref-
[kg/Sm ]
CP
Cpod
[-]
Comp
Cpol
[-]
Comp
Cpow
[-]
Comp
Cpwd
[-]
Correction factor for the effect of pressure on the water at the Comp
densitometer
Cpwl
[-]
Correction factor for the effect of pressure on the water at line Comp
conditions
Cpww
[-]
Ctod
[-]
Correction factor for the effect of temperature on the oil at the Comp
densitometer
Ctol
[-]
Ctow
[-]
Correction factor for the effect of temperature on the oil at the Comp
water in oil analyser
entered
NORSOK standard
Comp
Comp
Page 30 of 41
Name
Ctwd
Units
[-]
Description
Source
Correction factor for the effect of temperature on the water at Comp
the densitometer
Ctwl
[-]
Ctww
[-]
Imnet
[kg]
Comp
Imw
[kg]
Water increment
Comp
Iv
[m ]
Volume increment
Meas
Ivrnet
[S m ]
Comp
[bar g]
Pressure
Meas
[C]
Temperature
Meas
Tref
[C]
Reference temperature
CP
Wd
[-]
Comp
Wl
[-]
Comp
Wref
[-]
Comp
Ww
[-]
Meas
NORSOK standard
Page 31 of 41
D.4
D.4.1
Yes
Function
Rho-ref-pure-oil
No
Function
Function
Net
Increments
Correction
Factors
Water.
Cpw-wio
Ctw-wio
Cpw-line
Ctw-line
Function
Modus:
Densitometer
No
Function
ref = ref-entered
Correction
Factors Oil
Cpo-wio
Cto-wio
Yes
1
see next
page
Function
Water fraction
Ref. Conditions
Function
Correction
Factors
Oil.
Cpo-line
Cto-line
Function
Water fraction
Line Conditions
NORSOK standard
Function
Rho-mix-line
Function
Net
Increments
Page 32 of 41
Function
Correction
Factors
Water.
Cpw-dens
Ctw-dens
Function
Rho-Water-Dens
Function
Water fraction
Ref. Conditions
Function
Water fraction
Dens Conditions
old = ref
Function
ref = Rho-ref-pure-oil
No
NORSOK standard
Page 33 of 41
D.4.2
D.4.2.1
General
The functions and routines described in this subclause deals with the correction factors for temperature and
pressure effects on water density.
D.4.2.2
Function: Cpw
Cpw is used to correct the density of water at standard reference conditions to conditions at the water in oil
analyser, line or densitometer, caused by water pressure compressibility.
NOTE The equation for Cpw is taken from ISO/DIS 12916:1995, Liquid hydrocarbons Dynamic measurement Volumetric proving
tanks or measures. Other equations may be available from other sources.
Cpw
1
(1 - Fw P)
Fw
1
(19690 + 141.8 T 1.934 T 2 + 0.005866 T3 )
where
D.4.2.3
Function: Ctw
Ctw is used to correct the density of water at standard reference conditions to conditions at the water in oil
analyser, line or densitometer, caused by water temperature expansion. Ctw is defined to be density of water
at operating condition(s) divided by water density at reference conditions.
Formula for calculating Ctw is given i API MPMS Chapter 20, section 1, appendix A.2. Water salinity or water
reference density to be determined in laboratory. This method is valid for produced water with salinity up to 14
% (weight) and temperatures up to 138 C.
ISO 8222:2002 give an equation for determining density of pure, air-free water at temperatures from 1 C to
40 C. However the equation is for this purpose, acceptable to be used up to 100 C. The effect of non pure
water should be reflected in the parameter "water reference density".
D.4.2.4
Water density
Wref
D.4.4
1
Cpow Ctow
1 + (1 Ww)
(Ww Cpww Ctww)
( (
))
Wd
NORSOK standard
1
Cpwd Ctwd
1 + (1 Wref)
(Wref Cpod Ctod )
( (
))
Page 34 of 41
D.4.5
ref
D.4.6
1
1 - Wd
Ctod Cpod
Wl
(1 + ((1 W
ref
D.4.7
Cpwl Ctwl
(Wref Cpol Ctol)
))
mix-line =
( ref water ctwl cpwl Wl) + ( ref o pure ctol cpol) (1 Wl)
D.4.8
Net increments
D.4.8.1
imnet
D.4.8.2
The net reference oil volume increment is calculated by the following equation:
imnet
ivrnet
D.4.8.3
= ref o pure
Water increment
Imw
NORSOK standard
Page 35 of 41
Annex E
(Informative)
Guidelines to implementation of ISO 3171
E.1
Introduction
The automatic oil sampler system shall be designed in accordance with ISO-3171 with amendments and
supplements. Amendments and/or supplements (=Amd), more precise definition (=P) and additions (=A) to
ISO 3171:1988 are listed below. The headings are the same as in relevant clauses in ISO 3171:1988. There
are also some additional headings, which are indicated in the text.
The verbal "should" in ISO 3171 in connection with design requirements shall mean "shall" if not otherwise
stated below.
See typical sampling systems in ISO 3171:1988, Figure 9.
E.2
The probe shall be located close to the metering system on the same stream (flow line), see ISO 3171:1988,
5.2.
E.3
The need for conditioning shall be determined according to ISO 3171:1988, Annex A.
E.4
The type of mixing device(s) shall be determined in the same priority order as the devices are described in
ISO 3171:1988, 5.4.
E.5
The probe (either sampling probe or sample probe with actuator, see ISO 3171:1988, Figure 2) shall be
installed in a horizontal position on the main pipeline.
E.6
Laboratorie tests shall be considered if the homogenisation according to ISO 3171:1988, Annex A, is
disputable.
Locate on a vertical part of the main pipeline.
E.7
If by-pass loop is used the sampling probe shall be a pitot-tube type probe entry as described in ISO
3171:1988, 7.2 to 7.3.
E.8
E.8.1
Design
the sampling system shall be of the intermittent type, see ISO 3171:1988, Figure 9. Both the intermittent
systems (see ISO 3171:1988, 8.1.1) may be selected;
for bypass loop system to ensure iso-kinetic sampling the velocity in the inlet probe shall be kept within
10 % of the velocity in main pipe at probe entry;
the bypass loop shall be equipped with a separating device of similar design/method as in line grab
sampler, i.e. a solenoid three-way diverter valve as separating device shall not be used;
shut-off valves of full bore type shall be used;
the need to remix the bypass stream shall be determined according to ISO 3171:1988, Annex A;
it shall be possible to isolate the separating device/pump from the receiver without depressurising both
units. Each separating device/pump shall be manually operable from a panel.
NORSOK standard
Page 36 of 41
E.9
E.9.1
Sample receiver
E.9.2
For the piston type receiver there shall be a back-pressure system including booster facility with inert gas.
NORSOK standard
Page 37 of 41
Annex F
(Normative)
Statistical evaluation of repeatability
F.1
Introduction
This annex is normative for ultrasonic meters and coriolis meters, see 5.2.2.3. For turbine meters (see
5.2.2.3) and provers (see 5.2.3.2 and 5.2.3.3) this annex is informative.
The purpose when proving a meter is to arrive at an average calibration factor that represents the meter's
performance under operating conditions in as few trials as possible. Realizing that a significant proportion of
the variability in calibration factor observed during proving normally is due to the variation in process
conditions rather than the meter's intrinsic repeatability, the use of a statistical method for determining the
average calibration factor seems the obvious improvement to the conventional proving method with five
successive repeats.
It is not critical which evaluation criterion is used to determine a valid calibration factor as long as it is based
on a method that gives a true average calibration factor. A purely statistical method will ensure this better
than the conventional proving method with 5 successive repeats and will give less scatter and improve
proving efficiency.
The same statistical methods can be applied to determine the average volume of a prover unit and evaluate
the corresponding repeatability.
This NORSOK standard recommends the method for evaluation of repeatability described in F.2.2, The
uncertainty band at 95 % confidence level for the Estimator for the mean calibration factor.
F.2
Statistical method
F.2.1
General
Using a statistical method the maximum acceptable uncertainty band at 95 % confidence level (the 95 %
confidence interval) is equalled to the repeatability band requirements in 5.2.2.3 and 5.2.3. At least 5 trials
and maximum 20 trials constitute a calibration sequence.
API MPMS Chapter 4.8, Appendix A, advocates using repeatability requirements calculated to have the same
random uncertainty for the average calibration factor as the repeatability requirement for 5 trials, i.e. a
repeatability requirement of 0,05 % for 5 trials has a random uncertainty of approximately 0,0267 % or
0,0534 % (uncertainty band). This is slightly less stringent than the uncertainty band requirements used in
this NORSOK standard where a repeatability requirement of 0,05 % for 5 trials gives a 0,05 % uncertainty
band requirement. See also API MPMS Chapter 13.
The method described in F.2.2 gives an uncertainty band for the average of the test results.
This method may in some cases require a large number of trials (more than 20) to give a valid calibration
factor. In other words, this method has slow convergence. However, normally the average calibration factor
stabilises quite rapidly and varies little after 5 trials to 10 trials.
In rare cases with severe pulsations in flow the described method may be supplemented with a method for
elimination of outliers to speed up convergence.
F.2.2
Assuming that all calibration factors, X, follow a normal distribution with standard deviation, s, and average,
X , the estimator for the mean calibration factor, , the test sample of n calibration factors will follow a
Student-t distribution with (n-1) degrees of freedom, with confidence level 1 and standard deviation, sn-1.
An estimator for the mean calibration factor,
NORSOK standard
Page 38 of 41
s
s
= 200 t ,n 1
2
s n 1
X n
[%]
If no valid calibration factor can be established after 20 trials then a new calibration sequence must be
started.
F.2.3
Calculation examples are given in Table F.1 to Table F.2 and Figure F.1 to Figure F.2 using the statistical
method in F.2.2.
Calculations using the statistical method are compared to the conventional proving method 5 last on the
same set of calibration factors. The calibration factors are from a 12 in turbine meter and a 12 in ultrasonic
3
3
meter calibrated against the same 20 m bi-directional ball prover at 1800 m /h. The valid calibration factors
and the corresponding repeatability evaluation results are given using a repeatability requirement of 0,05 %
for the turbine meter and 0,07 % for the ultrasonic meter.
Table F.1 - Statistical evaluation of repeatability for a turbine meter
Proving
Trial no
Calibration
factors
3
[pulses/m ]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Method
1283,97
1284,39
1284,01
1284,10
1284,19
1284,19
1283,99
1284,48
1284,01
1284,10
1284,29
1283,99
1284,13
1284,12
1283,88
1284,49
1284,36
1284,25
1284,18
1284,33
5 last
Statistical method
NORSOK standard
Average 5
last
3
[pulses/m ]
1284,13
1284,18
1284,10
1284,19
1284,17
1284,15
1284,17
1284,17
1284,10
1284,13
1284,08
1284,12
1284,20
1284,22
1284,23
1284,32
Repeatability
5 last
%
Average
calibration
factors
3
[pulses/m ]
1283,97
1284,18
1284,12
1284,12
0,033
1284,13
0,030
1284,14
0,016
1284,12
0,038
1284,17
0,038
1284,15
0,038
1284,14
0,038
1284,16
0,038
1284,14
0,023
1284,14
0,023
1284,14
0,032
1284,12
0,048
1284,15
0,048
1284,16
0,047
1284,16
0,047
1284,16
0,024
1284,17
Valid calibration factors
3
[pulses/m ]
1284,13
1284,13
Uncertainty
band
Statistical
method
%
0,032
0,025
0,022
0,025
0,022
0,019
0,018
0,017
0,015
0,014
0,014
0,015
0,015
0,014
0,013
0,013
Criteria met
Trial no
5
5
Page 39 of 41
Calibration
factors
3
[pulses/m ]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Method
1433,58
1434,61
1434,93
1434,23
1433,75
1434,86
1434,40
1434,30
1433,77
1434,47
1433,70
1433,36
1434,02
1433,47
1433,72
1434,18
1434,01
1434,35
1434,26
1433,79
5 last
Statistical method
Average 5
last
3
[pulses/m ]
1434,22
1434,48
1434,43
1434,31
1434,22
1434,36
1434,13
1433,92
1433,86
1433,80
1433,65
1433,75
1433,88
1433,95
1434,10
1434,12
Repeatability
5 last
%
Average
Calibration
factors
3
[pulses/m ]
1433,58
1434,10
1434,37
1434,34
0,094
1434,22
0,082
1434,33
0,082
1434,34
0,077
1434,33
0,077
1434,27
0,076
1434,29
1434,24
0,054
0,077
1434,16
0,077
1434,15
0,077
1434,10
0,046
1434,08
0,057
1434,08
0,050
1434,08
0,061
1434,10
0,044
1434,10
0,039
1434,09
Valid calibration factors
3
[pulses/m ]
1434,13
1434,34
Uncertainty
band
Statistical
method
%
0,098
0,084
0,067
0,056
0,052
0,046
0,045
0,046
0,042
0,041
0,039
0,036
0,034
0,032
0,030
0,029
Criteria met
Trial no
11
7
In Figure F.1 and Figure F.|2 the statistical method and the conventional proving method is indicated with
separate colours:
Light grey:
Black:
Average of the 5 last. The conventional proving method with five successive repeats.
Average using the estimator for the mean calibration factor.
NORSOK standard
Page 40 of 41
Calibration factors
Repeatability 5 last
Uncertainty band Stat. m.
Average 5 last
Average Calibration factors
Criteria met
Criterion 5 last
Criterion Statistical method
Valid Calibration factors
1284.7
1284.5
1284.3
1284.1
1283.9
1283.7
1
9
11
13
Proving trial no
15
17
19
Repeatability 0.050 %
Average 5 last
Average Calibration factor
Criteria met
Criterion 5 last
Criterion Statistical method
Valid Calibration factors
1435.5
1435.0
1434.5
1434.0
1433.5
1433.0
1
9
11
13
Proving trial no
15
17
19
Repeatability 0.070 %
NORSOK standard
Page 41 of 41