Machine Shop Maintenance
Machine Shop Maintenance
Machine Shop Maintenance
MAC03004
The Importance of Maintenance
1. It saves the money and effort that is needed if the machine is damaged.
2. It increase the productivity of the machine
3. It can avoid accidents
1. Mechanical Presses: They are operated by hand and use the idea of rack and pinion or
screw and nut. They are simple to use and also easy to maintain.
Application:
Hydraulic Presses: They use hydraulic system for operation. They can produce big forces
with controlled displacement similar to car jack. They are more accurate than mechanical
presses but they also need more care.
C. Pullers: They are used to pull gears, pulleys, bushes and bearings out from shafts.
Puller can be manual or hydraulic or two jaw or three jaw. The jaws can be used to pull from
inside or outside.
Application:
Application :
2. Hollow Punches: They are used to open hole in jacket materials when making a new
jacket. They are found in complete set to cut all holes.
Application:
3. Allen Key: They are used to open screw
Application:
b. Open
Adjusting movement of the sliding parts
A. Method of controlling the movements.
The movements of sliding parts must be controlled to prevent any play or backlash.
The movements of sliding parts are
Carriage, cross slide, compound slide in lathe machine
Knee, saddle and table of milling machine
Ram and table of shaping and slotting machine
To control these movements a Gig, or Strip and Screw are used.
1. Gib: They are tapered strips fit between the
stationary and moving parts.
B. Method of Adjusting
1. Adjusting linear movements such as movement of tables, cross slides, compound slides,
rams and over rams can be adjusted by using the control adjusting methods(Gibs, Strip and
screws).
By moving gib forward or backward movement can be adjusted also by tightening or
loosening the screw against the strip piece the linear movement can be adjusted then the
locking nuts are tightened to lock the screw.
2. Adjusting the Rotary movement : It can be adjusted by changing the brass nut if it is worn. If
the nut is subjected to some wear, the nut should be pushed against the spindle by inserting
a thin washer between the handle and fixed par.
3. Eliminating the Backlash: The Backlash is a no active movement of the handle or dial
caused by wear in spindle or the nut also, it happens due to missing of adjustment. It
can be Eliminated by
a. Using 2 nuts and
wedge piece
3. Studs and Nuts used to fix small parts to the bodies of units and
machines.
4. Keys and Keyways used to locate gears, pulleys and flywheels to the shafts
6. Circular Clips used to retain parts that fits on shafts. They may be used as external or
internal retainers. Types
Application :
7. Split, tapers and straight pins: they are used to locate parts together also to fix two
parts such as collar with shafts
8. Ball and col springs: used with moving
parts to define the position of
displacement.
C. Procedure of Dismantling
1. Start with big parts, lay them in a separate place
2. Fit the bolts, pins, clips and keys in their original position to avoid loosing them
3. Put marks or numbers on the mating parts if there are not any before
4. Use the machine catalogue to see any details you may need
5. Arrange the dismantled parts in correct order on a clean place
6. If the maintenance work will takes a long time, keep the parts in a safe cupboard.
7. Clean all parts with paraffin or kerosene, dry them and make the ready for
reassembling.
D. Steps of assembling
1. Follow the instruction sheet of the machine if available
2. Assemble the parts with the same order of dismantling
3. Tight all bolts and nus for one parts completely before you start with another.
4. After assembling all parts, retighten all bolts and nuts again.
5. Try to move the parts by hand after assembling to feel the movement.
6. Be sure that the guards, safety device and auxiliary parts are in their correct positions.
7. Run the machine and check the parts.
E. Methods of Lubrications.
The main purpose of lubrication is to prevent wear of the moving parts.
The method used are
1. Wick feed Oiler: to lubricate plain
bearing and slide ways in machine
3. Mechanical force feed lubrications: To lubricate all parts of machine tools. It is used
for modern machines specially the big ones
4. Hand Operated force feed Lubricators: Most of the machine
tools are equipped with this type of lubricators. The machine
operator should use the lubricator daily before starting the
machine.
5. Pressure gun applications: They are used to press the grease to the sliding parts
especially to the roller and ball bearing used in machine tools.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
1. Wear the safety equipment (Overall, safety shoes and gloves).
2. Wash your hand and arms carefully specially when using the kerosene or paraffin for
cleaning
3. Disconnect the electrical power supply from any machine before maintenance
4. Ask for help in case of lifting or moving heavy pieces.
5. Give your jobs the maximum care and full attention to avoid any mistake.