The Races of The Old World
The Races of The Old World
The Races of The Old World
A MANUAL OF ETHNOLOG Y .
BY
e
0
W
CHARLES L
I
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BRACE, .
AU THOR OF
HUN GARY IN HOME -
LI F E IN G ERMANY,
NURS E- F OLK,
ETC.
N E7 Y O RK
C HA R L E S S C RIB NER C 0 .
,
6 5 4 B ROADWA Y .
1 8 7 0.
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A c c e s s AP ? [ 0
E NTERED, a ccord i ng to A ct of Co g n r e ss ,
i n th e y ea r 1 8 63 , b y
C H A RLE S SC RIBNER ,
I nthe C l erk
s Oi ce o f th e Di s tr ict C ou r t of th e U nited S ta tes for th e
S ou th ernD1 s trict of N ew Y o rk
.
JO HN F . TRO W.
Pmu nzn s r z ns or v ps n A N D
, . E LE C TR OT Y P ER,
s ch a n
u umb er o f varied works such a s the d escriptions
,
a ti c ul a r trib e
r wr itt en b t d en t f r e or th e
p s
y s s o u a c s ,
ex mina t io n o f single l n
a a
g ga e s m a de b y s t d e
u n ts of u
o f the ory and hypothesis for fa cts and the little distino ,
cl a s sica ti o n.
d esire to a scert ain rea dily thepo sitionof a cert ainp eople
or trib e am ong the ra ces of men or a t lea st to kno w
, , ,
T ea tise i s in
r tended to ll these want s to present in
brief a nd cl e r form the lat est and m o st tr stworthy r e
a u
s l ts o f s chol ar ship a n
u d s cientic investig a tio nb ea ring on
h
t eq e u s ti o n o f r a ces
, a nd to f u rni sh a G i d e im per fect
u
th e hi tory o f m an
s kind im m ediately s cc eeding creation u ,
the s bj ect l ea di n
u g i nto su ch a n e n dl ess ch a no f fa n cies i
p ea r inhistory .
W o ldr
.
p ita bl e T
. h e M erc a nt il e L ibr a ry to o is s tored w ith ,
,
HASTING S -
ON- THE- HUDSON Apr i l
, ,
1 8 63 .
C O N T EN T S .
P
C HA TER I.
I N T R O D U C T O R Y .
T a bl e o f N u mera l e Ex a mpl es g mm
o f roots ; of ra a tica l sepa ra tio n T h e
L
B a s q u es ; th e i th u ania n s th e T u r k s th e P n An
ers i a s - a d va nta g e th a t
h i s torica l e i d env
c e i s r eq u i red S o m n
e a ppa re t exceptio n s to th i s cl a s s i ca
ti on Ex l a n
p a ti o ns O b ection th a t j E n gyth n n m
ol o is a i co pl ete n
s cie ce;
PART FIRST .
P
C HA TER II.
T HE T U R AN I AN S AND HAM I TE S .
Th e g reat v
d i isi ons : Ar yn
a Ha m itic ; expl a na ti onof th e
S em i tic , T u ra nia n,
g g gg g y
,
g
U ncerta int o f T u ra y
nia ncl a s s i cation Ha m iti c tri bes ; r el a tionto Sem i ti c rob a bl e origi ni n P
A s ia Ham i ti c t ra ces i n 2 6 3 7 .
P
C HA T ER III .
m s c nnox ow ex or E G YP T.
N ecess it y of v g
th e i n es ti n D ou b ts of th e recei ed C h ronol o ; r ea s ons
a ti o v gy
S ou rces o f evi d ence onEg ptia nC h ron yol o ( 1 ) Thea n ci en gy
t w ri tin s g
Th e m on u m en ts of con tempora n eou s ev en ts Th er ecord s of Egy ptian
h i s tor i a ns Va l u e o f th is evi d ence; i ts weak poi n ts T h e two s ch ool s on
thi s C h ron y
ol og The d a tes u n d er the d ifferen t s stems Th e con cl us ion y
O
C NTENTS.
u v
ncerta in, bu t i nfa or of th epr esu mpti onof rea t a ntiq ui t h sical t pe g y Py y
of E p ti gy
a ns th r ee t p es y
Th e Ha m z ti c Cha l d ee s Su
ppos ed Ha m i ti c i n
51 .
C HA TER IV P .
T HE S E M I T E S .
J P
,
C HA TER P V .
Y T HE AR AN S .
In E
do- n n
u r opea m v n cl a s si ca ti o Th e r i
p iti e co d iti on of A r yn a s sh o wn by
ng g
la n P
ua ne T h ei r h i stor ica l ce tr e er si a tra d iti ons Ind ia n S u ppos ed
ymg n
earl V y m n Z n Av
i ra ti o s Th e edi c h s e d es ta Des c end a nts of Ind ia n
A y n rP Ayn Da ym g
s of er s i c r a s a tes of ea rl i r ati o n A r yn
a co ntrib utions
Hto y M ng w b n nm n
is tor eeti of t o ra ch es i od er np 60 65
. . .
HAP TER V C I.
T HE B U L I NG RACES1 3 00 5 00 B . c.
th e en d of S em i tic r ea tn e s s T h e M ed i a na nd d i a nK in d o m s Openi n
of a n y P
ew A r a nper iod i nth e ers i a nEm pi r e C r u s T h c ta k in of B a b y g y
l on a n d th eex ten t of th e E m pi r e C a mb s es Da r iu s y
TheM i nor tr i bes of
As i a Th e T u r a ni a ns a r th i a n P
s , M os ch i , T i b a r eni, a n d oth er s T h e S em
i tes C a n aan i tes , I sh ma el ites , C pr ia ns , S ol y m i , a n y
d oth er s T h e A r a ns : y
y
C a r ia ns , M s ia ns H r ca ni a ns , a n yd o th er s Th e C imm er ia ns , T i ev es a n d '
y
, ,
P ART SECOND
~
.
C HA TER P VII .
T HE T U R A N I A N S .
CHA TER P V II I .
Y
THE AR A N RA CES OF EU RO E. P
F
T he [ f elts irs t h i s tori ca l nce T h ei r a rea a nd pos s ibl e mi ra tions
a ppea ra g
T h ei r a ppea ra n ce i nS pa i n r a n c eF a nd I ta l C x pl o i ts y
G reece G a l a ti a
y g
, ,
T h e C i m b r i Th e a n cien t G a el s ; th e C m ri c B el i a n s K el ti c ch a ra c teri s
Py
tic s h s ica l tra its Rem a l n s an d a rts T h e B r i tons K el ti c Rel i i o n
-
s ; g
g g
l a n u a e Th e C mri c a n y d G a el ic b ra n ch e s The E tru s ca ns prob a bl e m i
g ra ti o ns ~O r i i ng
a l a b o d e s h i s to r r a c e y
T h e Ja pyg z a ns a b o d es a n d r a ce
Th e I ta l i ca n s ; th e a ti ns anL d U mb r i a ns A r a nori in y
a ti ni n u en ces g L
8 5 g4
o o o o o
pp o .
P
C HA TER IX .
EAR LY T EU TON I C T RI B EB.
Teu toni c wa n g
d eri n s C a u s es of mi g
ns E a rl ies t prob abl e d a te irs t h is
ra tio F
tor ica l a ppea ra nce G oth s E a s t G oth s G epi d ae V a nd a l s A l em a n ne
F ra n ks S a xons B u r u nd i a ns g
o n ob a r d s Th u ri ng L g
i a ns B a a ri a ns v
S a x ons T eu tons a fter th ed es tru cti o no f Rom a nEm pir e E u ro pea nr a ces i n
g
C h a rl ema ne s er a T eu ton
i c tr a i ts I n u ence on th e worl d a n u a e L g g
T h r ee 951 08 .
C HA TER P X .
T heir ten y
a ci t A ntes a nd S cl a v ens F ir s t h i s tor ical a ccou nts Wes t v
S l a es
v
Di i s ions of d ia l ects - A pea cefu l r a ce Hol d in no s l a es T ra i ts T R E
-
g v
L i 'r R UAN i AN s fEs tu i a nd Vened i Res i s ta nce to Chr isti a i t T h ree ny
branch es 1 09 - 1 1 6.
P
CHA TER X I .
v g gy
m a nes A a rs B u l a ri a nsM a a rs A b s or pti on of oth er tr ib es Th eir
PART THIRD .
P
C HA TER X II .
T II E s E M '
I r E s .
an L m gn
d s ci ence a ck of tempered i a i a ti on T E E T u RAN I ANs Tatar on l -
y
a ppl i e g O g
d to Mon ol i a ns ri i nof T u rk s i nth e Hi u n g nu T h e T u k iu Oi g o
PART F OURTH .
C HA TER P X III .
T HR RA C ES O F I N D I A.
Hill trib es
- T ur a n i a n t p e M o d e o f l i y
fe C u s to m s a nd i n s ti tu tio n s Differ
en ce fro m B ra h m a n s E i d e n ces o f T u r a nv
i a n o ri in in d h a a nd D ekk an g V y
tr bi es A r a n b o u n d ayr i es T h eB h i ll s T h e M i na K O l a s M u n d a a h ar i a -
P
K h on
- d s T a m u l ia n t p e Th e G o n d s yT u l u a M a l a b a r s T a m u l s Te v
g L g g
l i n a T o d a r~ T a m u l a n u a e B R or i v A r a ces Di er from T a m u l ic '
r a ces Py
h s i q u e O th er r el a ted tr ib es S wa mp T rib es T ib eti c l a n u a e g g
M ir i s K a rens a nd o th ers TA ! trib es h s i q u e Ar a n t pe B l a ck -
Py y y -
y Fv v
, ,
C HAP ER V T X .
Py Kh M ng
s iq u eo f al ka s o ol trib es B u r ia ts , S o n a r l a n
-
s , K a l m u ck s , a n d oth g
H
er s n w uc s
d es cr iptio G ro th of g ng g
M o n ol l a u a e T E E S AMOI EDS M od e
of D v n l ife P y i i sio s of trib es h s iq u e Rel a ti on to th e inns . .pp 1 641 7 4 F . .
HAP C TER X VI .
T U R K I S H R A C E S .
Yk a u ts S ib er i a K a z a n T u rk s K i r i s T u rk om a n
T u rk s of s Usb e ck s N o g
g a i s T u rk ic tr ibes Osm an l i s T u rk i sh d i al ec ts C h a n eo f ph s i q u eprob
-
g y
a bl y
d u e to i nter m a rria e g ..
pp. 1 75
1 81 .
C HA TER P XVII .
RACES OF P F
ERSI A, A G HAN I ST AN , AN D B ILUC HIST AN .
v
T wo d i is ions P n j P of ers ia tri bes T a ik s ers ia n t pe a n u a e Il iyah s y L g g
N w y nm
ot a l a s a a e o f r a ce G i ps ies T h e B ra h u i T E E A r enAns La n
g g P y
ua n
e n h s iq u e T r ibes Co q
m
u es t of I d i a K URDs T err itor ea tu r es y F
L ng g n n Y D
- a n
ua e I ra i a ez id is r. G ra t
s th eor y R es em bl a n
nci ent
ces to a
A y n P
ss yP n D v n
ri a s r ob a bl ers i a i i s io s o f tr i bes G r a d u al ex ti ncti o n N ES
ron m P y A m n N
i AN s Se i ti c r ob a bl ra aea es to ri a n terr i tor D r G ra n t s y .
th eory oo o o c o oc o c 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o 0 0 0 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
PP 1 82
O
194 a
O
C NTENTS . X1
C HA TER P XVIII .
Mi xtu res of g g
l a n u a es i n th e C a uca s us Os s etia ns A r y nn a i ra ce T u ra nia n
tri bes B ea u t y of G eor ia ng s an d C i rca s s ia ns C AUC As rAN AC ES R
Les gh i a n -
P
s
Ts etsh C i rc a s s i a ns A b a SS i a ns D o ub tfu l ra ce o u l a ti o n
o f Ca u c a s ia
p n
trib es - P o l i ti ca l rel a ti o g
ns Reli ions Co s tu m es A n D
RM EN i A s i s ers mn
p
B ou nd ar i es of A rmenia Of A r a nr a ceTh eph y y s i q u e.
p .
p 1 9
.5 -
205 ,
PART F IF TH .
C HAP T ER X IX .
R A C ES O F O C E A N I C A .
g
m i ra tion ea s twa rd i n L
k s between T a i a n d M a l a l a n u a es M A A S y g g LY
Py
A r ea h s i q u e P o LY N ES i ANS Hi s tor ob ta in y
ed from l a n u a e C ra w g g
y
fu rd e th eor M i C B ON ES I ANs P h y s l q u e a rt, r ema rk abl e ru i ns M E A
L
y g
,
c ou n y
ts of ph s iq u e C a pa citi es a ora b l e a ccou n ts T enFv d en c to n ew y
di a l ects Effects of cl im ate A s ia ti c ori i n g 2 06 2 24
. .
PART SIXTH .
E THN OL OG Y OF AF RI CA.
C HA TER P XX .
T HE S E M I T I C T R I B E S .
Th etena cit y a nd a y
ntiq u i t o f th e B erb ers i b a ns L y Z
ou av es T a w r e k Ka-
V y g y
b yl s S u ppos ed d es cent from Va nd a l s a r i n ph s i q u e B l a ck T a w rek
In g
ter m a r ri a e wi th bl a ck s K a n u r i an u a e L g g
Th e T ibboo T h e HAUS
S AS cm itic n egroes T R R S Ei i i r Es or E AS TERN A RI C A S emi ti c E th i
'
F
o pi a n s T h eG h eez C ol or o f A b s s i n y v y g
i a ns a r i n wi th a l titu d e G eo ra ph g '
Py
h s i q u e o f A m h a ra s C ol or d epend ent on d i et Da rk eni n o f sk i g
C h a r a cteri s ti cs of A b s s i n y
ian s a l a sh a s n F
ot He b rew S oma u l i S tea to
- S em itic ori i n g Pg
a a n tri b es A RARs T h re e d ivi s i ons A r a b i a n 1) a co -
y
.
tu r es M oor s A r a b s i n Eg pt N o per m a n
- -
en t s ettl ements C h Q eu ton ic
p h ys i q u e p P
o u l a ti o no f B er ber s a n d A r a b s T E E J E ws B l a ck JO N a l es
p
'
J ew i s h t pes ou n y F
d i n a l l cl im a tes T HE M o on s S em iti c ori g i ) b ection
j s
o
CHA TER X X I. P
HA M I T I C T R I B E S O F A F R I C A.
De n P
Ha mi ti c rob a bl e fu tu rei d enti f in wi th S em iti cTEE K oP rs
ition of y g '
P PL
tri b es EO E O F S E NNAAR rob a b l Ha m i ti c B l a ek ra ces o f u ncer ta i nP y
or i g
i n B EPy
RRE R i N s h s i c a l t p e C h a ra cter y
A nci ent C h ri s ti an na ti ons
now b ecom Pg e a a n o r M oh a m m ed a n C a u s es Or i i no f B erb eri ns d o u b tful g
P P
eopl eof Wh iteN i l e r opor ti onof d i ffer ent ra ces inEgypt pp 24 6 25 7 . . .
C HA TER P XXII .
RA C E S O F W E S T E R N A F R I C A .
G eo g ra ph i ca l v
d i i s ions P u r eN e r o g y t pe S ENE G AMB I A F LL E ATAH B I OWD
C HA TER P XX III .
RA C ES O F S O U T H E R N A F R I C A.
g g Py y
G rea t Sou th A fr ica nra ce A l l i tera ti e l a n u a es h s i ca l t pe not ch a ra cte r v -
F LY
i s tic of r a ce K AEEi R AM I S OUTHERN G ui N E A T ra i ts of
peopl e
P g g y Py
M po ng wes a n wes C on os form erl C h ri s tia n- h s i u eof i nl a nd trib es
q
g L g g
B u nd a N a ti ons C on o J
a n u a es B l a ck ews pp 2 7 4 2 82 -
. . .
HAP ER XX V C T I .
P D A M A R A S A N D O V A M O S .
g n
Rel i ioC n n vm Rmo d i ti o m n G g
of O a pos e a rk a b l e cu s to B ech u a as eo raph
n eL v n g
i cal pos itio C h a ra c t r
n n n n i i s to es
cl a SS i ca ti o G ra t o th e B ech
n ng g
ha a l a K FF
ua e AmA IRS ng L ng g D a z ul u s Pi oes e
a i al ects
E PL
ua
R m e
n V
m
B al o d a
n nA
a rk a bl e
R L Y
ig ra ti o s i
D fri ca E C E NT X O RED i s r Ri c r s Th e
e n
a ri ou s tr ib es
n W n Th e Th r e cl a s s es
a ik a o ea s ter co a s t-
Spiri tu al cond ition G ra n
t onth e o th er tr ib es of th ecoa s t S a w h
il i W a
k a mb a S piri tu al i d ea s O th er trib es .
.
pp 2 8 3 2 99 . .
C HA TER X X V P .
gu nor r n
Nr or s .
i e h - Fv p yi
s cal di i v
O
0 0 0
C NTENTS . X 11]
g y
nsN e ro t peexceptiona l M in li n s of t pes N o xed l ine b etween
s io -
g g y
b rown a n d b l a ck N o e i d en v g g
c e i n l a n u a e o f r a d ica l d i ffer ence in ne ro g
from wh i teS emi ti c n e ro Ha m i tic n g g P g
e ro ro res s of bl a ck ra ces C a u s es
g
o f d e ra d a ti on y
N ot l ower th a nA r a nra ces fo rmerl u tu red e el o m ent y F
p v
31 3 .
PART SEVENTH .
E THN OL OG Y or M ODE RN E UR OP E.
P
C HA TER XXVI .
r URAN rANs.
pp 3 1 4 333 .
C HA TER P XXVII .
Y P
A R A N S O F E U R O E .
S LAVONi ANs P a la o is nS v n m R
-
n n n
u SS i a i nE u e ce o u rope Tenacit La n y
g g
ua e S ou th ea ster n v
d i i s io n n W
a d n es ter G r ea t Ru s s i a ns N u mber
N o d i a l ect L R n W R n
i ttl e us s i a s hi te u ssi a s ns I l l
C os sa ck s B ul g a ri a y
ri anbranch S er i a v n v n K W s n Slo e s r oa ts es ter S l a r onz a ns ol es B o
P
h em i a ns - T ch ech s W n Py e d s- h si ca l tra i ts Ta bl es o f Sl a o n v
i c r a c es a c
g
c or d in to r el i io ag nn d s tates pp 3 34 34 5 .
P rob ab l y
d es cend an ts of a n ci en t Il l ri a ns k
y
ea es a ccou n L
t of th e A l ba nia n
S l a ovni a n m i x tu r e C h a r a cter h s i q u e G R EEx s Py
De en erac Chan e g y g
of clim a te Th e m od e rn G ree k - A l ba ni a n s ettl ers h s iq u eA n ci ent Py
y
t pes P h ana ri otes P a l li ca res Sl a v n n
o ic i u e ces n Mani etes G eo g
CHA TERP XX IX .
to i t
r SP AN i AR D s a ti n el em en Lts F orma tio nof mod ern l a ng geua s from
XIV O
C NTENTS.
L inM
at m ixtu res Spa nish tra i ts tra ced to ra ceDi al ects M od ern
ooris h -
evi d en e c s of ra ce F REN C R K el ti c th e r i n
p ci pa l r a c e E i d enc es of r ac e v
F en h
r c r a ce N ew d i a l ects D i ffere y
nt ph s ical t pes r ench ph s i q u e y F y
3 76 .
P
C HA TER XXX .
L
THE K E TS.
C HA TERP XXXI .
W A N D E RI N G R A C E S .
PART EIGHTH .
C HA TER P XXX II .
T HE A N T I QU I T Y O F M A N .
v
Uncerta i ne id encea s to T i m ei na l l h i s tori ca l r eco rd s Hebrew a nd Inspi red
gy
E pti a n A ss r i a n C h i n y
es e Hi n d u E a r li es t i nd i ca tio ns i n E u ro e p
P ea t d e
p
-
os i ts i n D enm a r k Anti q u it y at l ea s t of ye a rs - C ha n es g i n
ph y s i ca l g g
eo raph y B a l ti c K i tchenl ea mn
of -
g s
A r ti cl es fou n d i n th em
Pr ob a bl e a g eL Ax E-D WE LL i NG s O F S wrr z ERL ANn P
i ctu re o u l a ti on
p P
Rem ai n s S to n
y
e A ge T r o o ns m eth od o f d eterm in g
i n th ei r a g e- A ge of
p i l v g P
e- il l a e a t o nt d e Th i l e v
E i d en ce f r o m fa u n a a n d ora F ew h u ma n
b on P y
es rob a bl nea r y P
ea r s o l d r evi o u s i m prob a b i l i t of th e fos s il y
g v v
m a n N e a ti ee id ence opento d ou b ts Des cri pti ono f D ri ft erio d M a n -
P
p ro b y
a b l g e s c a p i n B o u ch e r d e Per t h es
d i s c ov er i es D ri ft n ea r A bbe i l l e v
L g
o n peri od n y y
eces s a r for th e ph s i ca l ch a n es g Ly
el l s v i ews E id en
ce v
from th e pea tF l n
i t i mp em e s
l n t Ly
y
el l s h po th es is Ob ecti on s to th ei r j
an y
ti q u i t A n s w er A b s en ce o f h u m anb o n es C a u s es - S ca rci t of a n ima l y
b on esL a k e o f Ha arl e m Wa n
t o f h u ma nb on - P
es i n i l e Vi l l a es La rtet s
g
v y Py
d is co er i n ren ees Hu m a n b onesAnima l rema i ns C oncl us ions on
p a l ieo ntol ogy a nd ch ro nol o gy Ly
el l s d es cr i pti on Fl n i t i m pl em ents at S t.
Ach eu1~ InS uffol kThe cave evid en
c e- Bones of mena n
d extinct q ua d
O
C NTENTS. XV
F ossil Ma n. 4 05 44 0.
pp
C HA TER P XXXIII .
U N I T Y O R D I V E RS I T Y O F O R I G I N .
Irrelevn a t tOpi c s i th ed i s cu s s i o n
n a n ua enL g g
ot pro in u n i t th ou h poi n tin v g y g g
g g
to a rd i t G a ps b etweenl a n u a es G ra d u a l proces s o f c h a n ei nl a n u a e
w g g g
g ng nn w
oi o o B orrowi n of word s i n g L
k s o f connectionT ra ces of a ggl u
tin ati oninC h i n g
es e G rowth i nM on ol C ha n ei nT u rk ish from a g g l u ti g
g g
na ti o ntowa rd i nectiona l Al s o i nl a n u a eof S a moied e Roots o f S emi ti c -
an y
d A r a n prob a bl y of o n e or i i n g M ul l er s s ta tem en
t r i n ci pl es o f i n P
h erita n ce a n d v a r ia ti on T wo fo rces a ctin on ea ch l ife-germ N a tu ral g
se l ecti on h en P om en o n o f s po rti n g F orm a ti on o f a n ew a ri et S ta te v y
y g g v
m ent of th e ph s i o l o i ca l a r u m ent i nfa or o f u ni t A pr ior i prob a b il it y y
v
o f h u m a n a r i a ti on v y
Ani m a l s a r a s m u ch a s m en Va ri a ti ons i n s wi n e
tra n s por ted to S o u th Am e r i ca a n g
d for m i n o f n ew b reed s Inh o s I nsh eep g
g g
oa ts ca tt1e C h a n e from wi l d to ta me br eed s Va ria ti on from food i n
ca ts a n g g
d d o s a ccor d i n to S t Hil a i re I n re hou n g y d s i n M exi co In fowl s
g g
.
v V
G ra d a tions i nh u m a n a r ieti es a r i a tion in col orN o d iffer en c e i ns tr u e
tu reo f s k i nof th e n g
e ro a nd th e wh ite B a ch m a ns expl a n a ti ono f col or
g y
D r a per s C h a n eo f col or inA b s s i ni a inW es ter nA fri ca a nd oth er pl a ces
V g
a r ia ti o ni n h a i r N e ro s h a ir not wool a r ia ti oni ns iz e a nd s tr u ctu re
V
I ns k ul l s T i ed em a nn s v iews of th e ne r o s k u l l Oth er ne ro featu res g g
F
not pecu l i a r l exibl e toes Hu m a n a nd a nim al a riations compa red v
S tea topyg e Va ri a tio n s i nI n d o Eu r o pea ns In th e sa m e r ace I n
-
s ta nces
g
A f h a ns G u ebr es M a g a rs a nd
-
y in F
ns N o ra cema rk i n th e s k u l l Dr
-
g P y Py g
.
y P g g y
.
M a h ew s rema rk Dr Y v a n s
d es c ri ption o f o rtu u es e d e e nerac
g y g y
.
ton i c ra ce - Vg y
i or o f A m eri ca n ph s i q u e H brid it u es tiono f s ter il it y y Q y
of m u l a ttoe s S ta t i s ti c s o f m u l a tto es i n C u b a M ul a ttoes i n M exico
I n B ra z il C ro s s es o f v a r iou s ra ces V oca b u l a r
- of y
m i x tu res i n M ex
i co -P ro b a b il i t y o f m u l a tt o es b e i n w e g
a k er Expl a n a ti ono f w ea k ra ces
y g y y
d in o utN o m s ter C a u s es of exti n cti o n T wo races i ncon ta ct i or Vg
of m i x ed r a cesObj ectionto u n it fro m Ey p ti a ngy
m o n u m e n ts M ore ti m e
need ed J or m a ti ono f a b l a ck ra ce by na tu ra l s electio n C orrela tin fea - g
tu res C l i m a te not s ol e ca u s eof v a ri a ti on Excepti ons to cl im a ti c i n u ence
-
F orm a ti on of pe rma n y
ent t pes Re s ta tem ent o f a r u m en
- t for u n itg y
y
Dr Sm th s s ta tem ent Descent from o ne pa i r m ore ph i l os oph i ca l Uni
L g g
.
ty a ca u s e of d efects of cl a s s i ca ti on a n u a e b es t tes t o f ra ce A
ppa
ren t ex cepti on s Po tt s obj ecti on
s C ON C US I ON L Ra ces no t perm a nent
y
M ora l d es ti n o f m a n A perfect r a ce pos si bl e I nh eri ta nce o f ood g
nes s pp 44 10 o oooo
51 3
o 0 o o 0
N OTE S 51 4.
Li s r or 523 .
Inns 5 33
T HE
RA C E S O F T HE O L D W O RL D ;
A M A N UA L OF E T HN O L O G Y.
CHAP TER I .
I N T R ODU C T O R Y .
f
ce o
r ap hy or a D e
,
script i on of R a c es would be a mo re
,
R e
ac . t a nt a nc estor sh all inu enc e hi s r em ot est
d esc end ant and still m or e wond erful th at a ccumu
,
of m a nk ind s o fa r a s it i s known to u s Hu m a n R a c e s
, ,
progr ess and the nal p erfect ion of hum anity In con .
of thought hi s g en e
,
ra l h abit of n atur e app earing in ,
of d e s c ent a t a r e
,
m ot e p eri od b etw een th e Hi ndoo ,
Let a ny one follow upon a m ap exh ib i ting the
geogr aphic al di stribution of the b ears the c at s th e , ,
, ,
s tudy th e se fa ct s a n ,
d l ea rn a t the sam e t im e how
ind ep end ent the a nim al s a r e one fro m the oth er ,
which utt er such clo sely all ied syst em s of inton ations ,
if it w er e r em em b er ed th a t of al l words nu m er a l s
, ,
NUMERALS .
LATI N. P
S AN I SH. P ORTUG UESE. ITALIAN. WALLACHIAN . FR
ENCH .
ci con n
ci co ci n ueq
nov e no ve
dasan
20 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
Bu t wh en ,
s till fa rth er , we nd such primitiv e
words as F a ther, F a da r P a ter
S n sk ) ; or W i d ow V i d ure V id
P i ta r ( a ,
ua
, ,
a s Sow S it
,
Su s S it ka r a s (S a n sk ) -
or M ou se M us ,
Mu s M ush (S a nsk ) ,
C m m nIn
o o d w ith innum er abl e simil ar so n early alike
o , ,
Eu ro pe n a
w d
or S
th e prob a b il ity of a co mm on s ourc e to
G mm
ra
cour
ar as a
s e pr es e nt f ull
,
i llu str a t ion s of th is ;
tok en f R e
o ac
y e
.
t th e e xi st e nc e for ex a m pl e o f
,
s uch a ,
s ep a r a t e i n h ab it s in st itut ion s ,
an d co stu m e for so , ,
p assed over .
as e
tral gramm ar .
Hi i l
s tor ca would be m uch sound er if it w ere po ssibl e
ev d n
,
i e ce
need ed to go b a ck to the ex a ct history of the m a
.
teri al world .
Obj e ti n one a noth er until the l angu age dis app ears
c o s.
,
Anwe s
m od
rs
ern
to
Ro m a ni c l angu ag es s uch a s F r ench , ,
bj e i n
ct o
Sp a nish and It al ian a n alysis shows the
o s.
, ,
( 2 4 00 B
. C ) on .th e pl a in s of th e Euphr a t e s th ey ar e ,
B i f
as s o
into R ca es th t s Zamgu ag e i nterp r eted
a i
cl a ssi ca ti o n
by HZSiOTy
.
Obj t n fec i o
W h o
o
s uppo s es th a t th e th eor i es or sy st em s
i n mpl e en
co e t ss'
of G eology a r e a t a l l settl ed or th e cl i
; a s s
si on s of R a c e s ma
y b e h er ea ft er s om ewh a t enl a rg ed .
2
P A RT F I RS T .
THE EARLIES T HI S T OR I C A L R A CE S .
CHAP TER II .
T ni n
ur a F am il ies The Tu ra ni anr ec eives its n ame
a . .
fro m Tur an the b a rb arou s c ountries
,
outsid e or ,
L
EAR IEST HIST RICA O L RACES. 27
it embr a c es .
oth er .
d ecl en sion ,
a s if, inEngl ish ,
I strik e th ee w er e all
on e word [ s tr i ket/tou
,
or thy son w er ewritt en
r tn
ri h ou f a ther /Le This how ev er alon e
f h f
a t e a t,
e ,
.
, ,
, c t a
s on s An e t Mon 1
. .
,
In l a t er t im es wh en Ar y an and S emi ti c ra c es al so
,
f m y
a il Finn s and L ap s th e M agy ars and Tu rks , ,
th e Ta rt a rs Mongol s Thibetia ns Ta m ul ia n s a nd
, , , ,
m uch on hunt ing for sub sist enc e and i t i s prob abl e ,
Rehgi n
R awlinson th at the m agism of the anc ient
0 o '
cl aim ,
we suppo se,
woul d be th at theMongol Turkic , ,
, ,
,
v
extent e en the histori cal con cl usions Oppert, too, a ttempts in .
ar y part pl a ed y
by th e v owel, a nd its instabil ity wh ich m akes
git o mitted inwriting ; nr esembl ances of con
certa i j ugationand
of th e th eory of par ticl es and th e a n al ogy of num er al s .
an
s yll abic
,
w ith l ittl e gr amma r ,
for wh i ch pi ctur e wr iting wa s -
Th e absence of th e tr i l iteral -
ch ar a cter to th e r oots , is a l so a
A i i i gi n
s a t c or
se nt ing only th e origi n a l stock Of wh i ch th e ,
f H mi e t s.
o a
S em iti c family was a branch th ere is littl e ,
23
,
the tra d it ion s wh i ch co n nect ed M em non ,
Afr ic a a nd P a l est in e
,
.
, ,
T HE C HR ON OL OG Y OF EG Y P T.
l
,
THE C HR N O OLO G Y OF EG YPT . 39
the s a m e f am ily a nd ,
in d iffe r ent s t a g es of C h n ro o o .
of th e E t hi op an a
i n d t h e Mongol intrib es b elieved
, ,
pl ain and irr efut abl e a s tho se wh ich the n atur alist
s i nth e i nn e r structur e of a tr ee *
see .
doubt .
ra nianl an u
g ga es h e d a tes a t prob abl y from to B C an d . .
,
ou r ownfa mil y of l an ua e y
g g s theIn do European h e s u
pposes d al l
-
, , gra u
formin g from to B c . .
THE C HR N O OLO GY OF EG Y PT . 41
m u st be of som e v alu e .
g i ev
s th e 1 8 th D ynasty ,
a nd thirty ninekings of theOl d Empir e
-
.
t
l a eral princes wh o never reigned .
8 . v
B esid es th ese l ists, we h a e th e im perfect bu t gen e
r lly
a
p iert wh lsive d
,
inth e3 d en
o t y bef e Chri t nder P t l em y c ur or s ,
u o
Th ew e k
h a v e di vi d e
a
d th e Op i ni on s Of s chol a r s upon
mint
the subj ect are: (1 ) the im p er fect ion s an
s
,
d
corrupt ions of thelist s of Man etho and thepo ssibility ,
THE C HR N O OLO GY OF EG YPT . 43
, ,
Pool e a s low as 2 7 1 7 B C . .
l east 5 1 1 y ea rs at about 2 1 6 7 B C
. .
3 8 92 B . C. 44 5 5 B. C. 3 62 3 B . C. 27 81 B C
ab t 2 1 67 21 1 5 2 54 7 2 2 96
1 5 91 1 604 1 62 6 1 8 66
1 51 4 2 87 7
"
1 314 l 3 27 2l 1320
att a n ed an
i d r el ia bl e d a t e th a t of L ep siu s t ak es u s
tem an ,
d m or e th a n 7 00 y ear s b efor e the F lood in ,
H al es syst em
.
Re l n t ts o
pl an noth i ng m or e i s n e
,
c essa ry th a n thu s
f l l y e l el
su
s tt
u
to present the r esults h ith erto a tt ain ed by
p y l ype
, ,
h s i ca t s.
l ip s bro a d a t no se protruding eye b all s
, , ,
, ,
i Gen xiv, 1
. . v
F i eAnet . Mon, I, p . 2 1 9.
-
Emp e lr .
p ir e whi ch l ast ed t ill 1 5 1 8 B C
, . .
ties *
. The trib e of th a t n a m e inth e form er country
w ere prob a bly eith er an o ffshoot of th egreat H am itic
stock or em igr a nt s fro m th e B ab l om an Ch a ld e es
, y .
v
Oppert, howe er, takes this view
.
THE C HR N O OLO GY OF EG YPT . 49
a l so a nearly fore
,
ign dyn asty which m ay corr espond ,
Y EARS .
86 . an
Chal dae s . B . c. B . C.
succ eed ed thi s a nci ent fa m ily inth e gov ernm e nt of the
countri es on the Euphra t es .
5
H m i ti
a c civiliz at ions to t ell of its form er grand eur .
n b ti n
tri
co
toHi y To i t b elong the colo ssal and gloom y art
u
s tor
o s
.
of Egypt h e r se ,
ver e and m at erialistic mythology ,
Of Ch ald ae a an d Assyri a .
an d B abylon Miz r aim and Nim rod both d esc end ants
, ,
of Ham A n Mon I
.
( c t . .
, ,
C HA P T E R IV
THE SEMITES .
in a n a rrow er p ac e an d nu m b er ing f e w e r m em
py g s
produc e d by a l l th e oth er fa m il i es of m a n.
S m i
e it c
h em en
iev ts
s O s
Q
g g , ,
S em i ti c
l ng ge
cl early sep ara t ed fro m the oth er l ea d ing a ua s.
, , ,
sent enc e th e S e
,
m itic di al ect s pr esent l ittl e m or e th a n
a proc e ss of a ddit ion ; word s a n d propo siti on s ar e
pl aced sid e by sid e and ar e not subj ect to the inv ol u
,
Th e r st hi stori c al a pp ea r a nc e of th e S em it i c form s of
l angu ag e inthe B abyloni an r ecord s is pl a c ed a t a bout ,
l di l
ir s
,
i i st r ca
appe n e ar a
from Arm eni a th ey easily ow ed i nto Asi a
c
S em i t ic
Syr i a Ph oe
,
n i c i a P a l est in e M esopot am i a
, , ,
T my
er t
Ch aldaea Assyr a Su si an a and th ei m m en se
0
o A
i
, , ,
d esert s of Ar ab ia .
th er.
s cripti ons th e H im y a r it i c
,
show how e arly th e
,
ir l an
gu ag e was spok en th ere though we niay w ell b eliev e
, ,
,
s.
biqu e is S em itic .
eia u s *
It is prob ably from theC an aani t es
.
,
Heb ewr s.
for a t l ea st 5 00 y ea r s .
, , ,
Thetheor y of M Renan
.
gmen ts on Semitic matters
-u
al l whose j ud
v
m u st be r ecei ed with the greatest r espect that the P hoenicians and
Assyi r a ns not
b e pu re Sem ites, the form er, b ecau s e of th eir r e
cou l d
m a rk abl e enterprise and mechanical skil l , the l a tter, from their powerful
and central iz ed go ern v
ment, and both, from their impu re m thol og y y
seem s too m u ch a n
n a pr i or i
n of the Semitic cha ra cter The
co ce ti
p o .
wa s a S emi t ic colony .
present d ay .
, ,
bl a ck all th ese rec all the chief p eculia rit ies of the
Jew m or e esp eci ally as h e app ear s in South ern c oun
,
tries
.
(F i v e Anct Mon I p . .
, ,
.
a ct s eith e
,
r of h ero ism or fan a ticism it was fro m the , ,
S emi ti t it
c ra s.
the pr esent d ay .
l g n
futur e tim e it wil l be th eir glory th a t with r e i io s
T HE AR Y AN FAM I L Y .
Ind E
O- pe n
w i
ur o
th tho
a
se of the S a n skr i t i t h a s b een ,
i n
l
c a ssx ca t o
asc e rt ained on evi denc e cl ear and u nassail
.
abl e th a t c e
,
rt ain n ation s the m o st w idely sep ar at ed
,
earth .
a n i m al s such a s d og p i g s ow boa r
, , ,gee s e a nd d u
,
ck , ,
tho se for the simpl est a rticl es of food for c ert ain ,
tea r s .
pr gr e ss
evid enc e th a t th ey w er e agri cul tur al but
o
, ,
s ee tr a c es of th e pr im ev al tongu e .
tow ard the northw est fro m India a s th eir st art ing ,
point .
, ,
Z endd i n d u s th e v e str e
,
a m s of the P e n j ab an d th e ,
tra it o s.
S ara sv ati) Evento this d ay therul ing l an
gu ag e of tho se countries is Ar y anwhi l e from th eir
.
,
im port anc e .
S pp ed
u os
f ro m th e A ry a n s ettl em ent s s outh o f th e
d e
at s .
C aspi an which found ed th e E mpir e of
,
und er Moh amm ed and occ a sion al Tur anian inva sions
, ,
ASIA .
THE L
RU ING RACES 1 3 00 TO 500 B . c.
e sed t e
r h whol e e l ngth of th e M ed i t err a n ea n a
co ast s w ith colon ies and fa ctories and m erc antil e sta
t ions Th eir sh ip s w ere freight ed with tin fro m Eng
.
T II E RU
-
l nd
a ,
trop nd
ic al product ion s fro m th e m outh s of th e
a
n ssy a
Em n p e
to 1 2 7 3 B fell und er th e a ssau lt s of the
.
it
The Semiti c cha r a cter of the Ass yir a n l angu age is cl e nd
a rl y a
sia n d e sert on th e ea st .
( 69 1 B by
. th e p e st il enc e Aft er th is th e A s .
,
Lepsiu s .
THE RU IN G L RACES OF ASIA . 69
In 62 5 B C . .
,
th e gr ea t S e t c c ty
fell m i i i Nin eveh -
fam
popul ation ha d now form ed a pow erful
,
ii r l a
of the M edes ,
the Lydi n s a a nd th eB abyloni an s the ,
Ionian s
,
a nd Lyci n sa ,
a nd Ph oeni cian s rea chi ng on
,
, ,
of the E gaean .
The Tu r a ni a ns Am ong
th ese ar e to be cl assed
.
an d th e early i nh a b it a nt s of Ar m en i a a nd of C il ici a
tog eth er w ith num erous oth er l esser trib es .
6
.
, ,
ol a ted th ewhol eof North ern Asi a and who a ccord ing , ,
Th e
p ea n fa m ily but form ing a d ist inct br a nch
, ,
s y hm
t n
c s
T HE PEL A SG IAN S .
9
a l m o st a n oth er l e d ing A ry n tr i b e f A i nd
y a a o s a a
J e emi h i
r a v, 13 ; v ,
12 ; vi , 2 2 , 2 3 ; i v, 1 7 , 2 0, 2 7 ; vi , 1 , 2 , 9, 2 6 ;
u, 1 4 , 1 5 ; 820 .
THE P ELASGIANS . 73
-
,
4
4 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
of ,
ear th
.
Une ny
c r tai t ar e ye t m uch di vi d ed in the ir vi ews inr e
ab ou t th e
P el a sgl .
g a rd to th em Th er e i s r eas on to beh eve
.
G EOG RA P H AL
IC CON SIDERATI ONS .
h bi t ti n
a gri cultur al an d thu s l ai d th e found ation a a o S
,
p h ra tes tog e th er w
,
i th a n a rrow str ip of c ul t iv abl e
ra nean .
I n npl e
ra ia pl at eau is a h igh t abl el and of oblong
a t au . -
sh ap e brok e,
n by m any irr egul arities but po ssessing ,
m il es .
THE P R I M I TI VE R A CE S E U R OP E
OF .
T U R AN I AN S .
Q
T HE B AS UES AND FINNS 1
.
tur es sin ,
gul arly r esem bl ing sim il a r r elic s of a pri
m ev al p eopl e found on th e soil of Am er i c a Ta .
o tr ee
f s al l ind i c a t ing a s d o th e Am e
,
r ic an r em ains ,
d ent y
l n a t ion s con st a ntly pr ess ed a n d a tt a ck e d by
m eor pow e r ful tr ib e s for one o f th eir,
m o s t or ig in al
custom s is the b uil di ng hut s l ik e som e of the South
, , k
h b ti n i ta
to be appro a ch ed onl y by a n arrow and d an
a o s
it
Remains of these water habita tions or -
vil l ages, ar e found in the
l akes a v
nd m orass es of al m ost e ery pa rt of Eu rope Insome cases they .
,
v
they may ha ebeenu sed as s a cr ed pl aces b y thepriests ; bu t m or eoften ,
v
is not impr obabl e that ariou s ra ces m ay ha e u sed them in su ccession v .
ve rseZZ
e Aout 1 8 6 1 ,
Des Habitations La custres enSuisse .
80 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORL D
.
th e b ea v er the el k a nd th e t ig er
, ,
h a d surviv ed th e
convul sion s and the gra d u al ch ang es wh ich had
a lt e r ed the fa c e of the world and still ro am ed the ,
m a rk ed e p c i a lly by th e i r round sh ap e in
Ptyhpey i l
s ca
s e ,
'
trib es of Europ e?
B efor e a tt em pt ing to a n sw er th is di fcult qu estion ,
-f
f i:
{t
82 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
tru din g
li k e pr im it i v e cli ffs und e r a wi d e d epo sit of
th e cont in ent of E ur op e .
B q
a s u es . on e si d e to th e G a ronn e on th e oth er .
S a moi ed s .
nol ogy .
8 4; THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
Teuton s .
THE AR Y AN RAC ES OF EU RO P E .
I . T HE KELTS .
l 2
of th e ,
, , ,
D n m
l s ti h ed
gu
ov e r Sw e d en G erm any F r a nc e
,
It aly , , ,
f
Or CO Dq
Sp ain to th e w est ern co ast s of Ir el and and
S tS '
ina s outhw est ern dir ect ion thr ough Syri a and Egypt , ,
Sup p ed os
p assed ov e r th e north of Europ e Sw ed en
,
m mn
an d Pru ssia u nt il it n ally (about 600
g l a o s
r ch d Scotl a nd a n d h n ighbor ng l a nd s
B C
.
) .e a e t e e i i s
an d occup i ed th e pl a in of th e Po Th er e a r e indi c a .
tion ent er ed Fr an
,
c e r st and set tl ed in the south ,
88 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
Sl
i s d escrib ed a s t a ll w ith ru d dy com pl ex ion
, ,
lik e the m odern t art ans ; hewor e littl e arm or and for ,
an d gl a ss v ess el s Coin s al so w er e in u se by th em ;
.
th e South Sea I sl a nd er s .
m ov a l of th e s oul
t er d eath into oth er bodies or
af
Th e K y mr i c em br a c es th e W el sh the ex K , el ti c
n ge l a g ua
tinct Cornish and the Arm ori c an of Brit
, ,
.
en
or Ra s a a s th y c all ed th e selves Tyrrh eni an s
,
e m
,
OTHER P R M VE
I ITI ITAL IAN P E PLES
O .
n i t es .
th eir b eing m emb ers of the Aryan family and clo sely ,
th e a pp ea r anc e of th e Teutoni c tr ib es To an Ob
.
n
,
,
g and b eating
ag ai n st th e outwork s of th e gr e a t civiliz ed St a t e of
south a n ,
d om south to north fro m east to w est and
, ,
ar e tr ib e s i s ev en th en th e m o st pow erful r a c e
,
scu rity T
. h er e a r e ind ee
,
d c ert a in coinci
,
C e f
au s s o
m g n
d ences in Asiat i c a nn al s and n am es with
i ra tl o s.
,
5
98 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
, ,
tr b i es a m
,
ong th e the Gotl z s who t ended m o stly
m
,
o rea ch G au l ,
wh er e, inth e5 th centu r y, th ey fou nd th eWes t G othi c Kingd om
Remains of this br anch ar e fou nd inth e Crim ea, e enu p to v
pr es ent d a y .
pr o inv
ces , th e y nal l y ( )
4 8 0 r ea ch Ital y, wh er e th e y rul e for
nearl y one hu nd red y ear s, u ntil th eir kingd om is o v e th
r row nby
th e B y z a ntine army . v
Anoth er d i isionh a epos sessi onof Ea st v
ernand North ern G erm an y .
Th e Ge
p id e
c
, p
r obabl y of G othi c origi n, appear in Hu nga r y
ab ou t 4 00, a nd ar e co nqu er ed by th e Longoba rd s in th e l atter
h al f of th e 6th ntury
ce . Th e Va nd a l s *
a r e spok e n of in Hun
g ar y , as earl y as 1 66 A . D ., a nd (4 06 to in compan with y
o th er eo
p p l es th e y m ar ch th r ou gh G aul to Spa in,
a
,
their nam e,
a nd pa rtl y fr om th eir l oc al it i es H e di id es th em into tw o . v
bran ches on e l i in
, g on t he D a cvo P a n n o n ian fron tier in
-
co nfed eration
,
Sorabians of Sa xon y and Sil esia, the ancestors Of the present Sorbs of
those coun tries .
1 00 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
Rom e (4 55 A. In 5 3 4 , th e y ar e o v e p we ed
r o r ,
a nd nal l y
d isa ppear .
y
Th e wa ge co nstant wars with th e Rom ans, with
M ema nns '
ntur y , we h ear of
'
F ra nk s .
in G a u l , nd h a
,
ve f or m ed sev e l m l l ki ng
,
a re a ra s a
a nd settl ed N or m a nd y
nd fu rnish ed th em a rtial popu l a a
F r om th e 6 th centur y on th ey ,
are i n u ni nterru pted stru ggl e
o th er pr o v in e c s.
Hermu nd ur i m entioned ,
by Taci tu s . F r om th e 5 th centur y ,
th e y
occu p y th e l a nd s o nth e l eft ba nk of th e Da nu be,
north wa rd of
th e Al em anns a nd Svabians, as fa r as th e El be a nd th e Ha rz ,
wh ich s epar a tes th em fr om th e Sa xons Inth e 6th
ce ntu ry y
th e l ost gr eat distr icts o
.
th e a ttacks of th e Sl a v nians ,
o at th e sam e tim e th at th e wer e y
exposed to th ea ssaul ts of th e F r anks, by wh om th ey wer enal l y
sub j ected . After this peri od , th eir name d isappea rs as o ne of
th el ea d ing G er m a nna tions .
a r ia
B am man
y m d e p f m l l S ev i t ibe
s
y
'
Th e w er e pr oba bl a u o s a u c r s,
West of this ,
al l th etribes rel ated to th eF r a nks h a d
th e nor th of th em w er e th e B u r gu nd ia ns, to th e ea st th e S va
bi a ns . Al l th e ea st of y
G erm an , wa s h el d by th e m an tribes y
wh o ra nked u nd er th e Goths .
Of th e blu e blood
t e Got c
h hi is con sid er ed a
gl ed with K elt s .
THE EAR LY O
TEUT NIC TRIB ES . 1 03
It aly.
Teuton
ic trib es it m ay be said in g en er al th at the
, , ,
, ,
c iviliz ation and the Fr ank s n ally felt its effect inthe
,
THE EAR LY O
TEUT NIC TRIB ES. 1 05
De Gobineau .
1 06 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
, , ,
tra i ts
e i al m a rk of h igh r ank wa s th ebr ightn e
.
p c ss
po sition .
d eep att a chm ent for his n a tive soil ch ang ing it r ead ily ,
y e t ev en th en i ts pr edo mi n a nt m e
,
nt al t end ency w a s
ce ti onOf Chr i st i a n i ty a n
. 0
d g v eth em gr e at
p a ,
L AN G UAG E .
H
.
an d Pl a tt D eut s ch Th i h G rman
()
2 e -
g e .
,
ent l it er a ry l angu a g e o f G er m a ny T h S ca nd i
()
3 e .
navi an .
CHAP TER X .
I II. T HE EAR LY S L Av O N I A N S .
l
Th ey h a d th e m isfortun e to be s ettl ed n ea r th e
outworks of Europ ean civil iz at ion wh ere the rst ,
unknown .
j ectu re .
Ancie
ntwrit er s di vi d e the Sl a voni ans or Wendes , ,
An enci
di
t
v i si on s th e A n tes an d th e S cl a vens or ,
1
d v n
th e E a st Ru ssi a n s an d the W est Ru ssi a n s
i i si o .
t
eas ; th e vast st epp es of E a st ern Europ e b eing es
p e ci al l
y a ttr a ct iv e to th e ir a gr i cultur a l h a b it s F ro m .
south a n d w est .
a s r a v ag ing Thr a c e in 5 4 6
,
The Scl av ens h a v e oc
.
of the Av a r s ,
th ey b egin to m ak e settl e
m ent s i n th ese countries In the 6th and 7 th cen
.
.
112 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
a Sc a ndinav a n tr b e Ro ss
i i i who g av e th em th eir
gov erning family for som e c entu ries .
s ee m ed about to b eco m e Sl a vo n ic .
Th ey a pp ea r r st in G er m a ny on th e Elb e in , ,
i v is s
mm
th e R ussian th e Bul g a ria n a nd th e Il
a a s
, ,
.
,
, ,
but th eir inclin ations w ere alw ays tow ard co mm erc e
an d a gricultur e It i s th eir h igh honor th at inan
3
.
, ,
1 14 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
a
ge of rvitud e th ey po ssessed no Sl a ves and d evel
se , ,
Spi cu ou s i n di vi du al s The Sl a vo n
.i c fa mi ly Show ed in
a nt i qui ty th e r a r e fa c ul ty of sub mi ssi on w ithout the ,
who sev igor and soli d worth only the slow progress
Of m a ny ag e s could fairly d e velop .
T HE LITHUANIANS .
vonia .
ow,
how ev er cl assed as a sist er tongue wi th the
,
-
116 THE RACES OF T HE OLD WORLD .
s om e a s Of i ts thr ee di vi sion s th e
,
tongu e .
4
CHAP TER X I .
r ationi s suppo s ed to h a v e b e en t h e m ov em e nt of th e
g
Al a n s a trib e prob ably Of M edo P ersian -
Al n a s.
of the Ur a l a n
,
d even a s far a w ay as inthe m idst of
118 THE RAC ES OF THE OLD WORLD .
Hun s a n d th e l st O t e Finn sh tr b es th e Kh a
a f h i i
n ia n s .
T HE II UNS.
It is still a m att er
disput e to wh at br anch of the
of
Un e t in
T ur anian fa m ily t h e Hun s b elong ed
gn
o ri
c r a
i .
b eli ef th at th ey w er e Turk ic .
iii E u rop eb etw een the7 th and 1 0th c entury and rul e ,
120 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORL D .
ov er the cOi m try b etw een the C a spian and the Duie
p e r. T h ey a r e follow ed by th e P e chen eg s a Turk i c ,
i a an d p a rt s of G a ul a n d th ei r rul e r ea ch ed fro m
g , ,
n ear the Don the Dniest er and Pruth and w ere sub
, , ,
THE MAC Y ARS . 121
Turki sh sw a y i n1 3 92 .
sylv a ni a i n 8 8 9 ; a n
,
d aft er plund ering a nd ov errun
ning Europ e for at l east a c entury thr eat Inv n f , asi o s o
Mm
em ng Constantm opl e and i nv a dm g F r a nc e
0 0 0 0 a rs
, ,
6
122 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORL D
.
CHAP TE R XII .
T H E S E M I T E s f
or inferior trib es .
st ill r et a ined
,
und er al l the conqu est s th eir n a tional,
th e H am m er .
At the t im e of th e d ivision of th e em p ir e by th e ,
(7 8 6 to
THE SEMITES . 125
fa m ily th e Tu ngu si c
,
M ongol i c, Tu rki c S a m oi ed ic, ,
T k nd
ur s a
Then am e Ta r ta r w hi ch i s som e
Or Tatdr ,
M ng l o O S'
t im es applied erron eou sly to Turki c trib es ,
tioned inth e Ch in es e a nn al s th e Hi u n g
n u .
th e G h a z n eoid es (1 03 4 to an d pu sh th eir in
cursion s into al l Ir a n Arm e nia G eorgia and ev en
, , ,
a tt a ck s of th e Mongol s in 1 2 2 4 A D and . .
,
so m n h a s
took Adr i anopl e and d efea ted the B ul g ari ans and
,
, ,
p l e te a r m am e nt o f th e O th m a n or O sm a n Turk s co ul d ,
or Circ assian .
g u i sh ed s oci e ty of l ea rn ed m e n
T he i h .
a work of t hi s d esign w
,
e c a nnot go into d et a il on th i s
subj ect a n ,
d we will m er ely illu str a t e the n a tur e of
th e l angu ag e by quot ing M ax Mul l er s d escript ion of
L ang a t S e t of Wa r p
( . a ,
.
130 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
to l o e on v
es
s elf, or r ath er, to j
r e oi ce,
to b eh app y . Thi s m ay
j u gated thr ough al l moods
now be con a nd tenses , seein,
bei ng
-
r ecipro cal ve b r ,
see- ish- m elc, to l o e on v
e anoth er .
1 . S ec mel t,
t
-
o l o e,
b eco m es i v ,
S ev-
d i rvmek,
to -
cau seto lo ev .
2 . S ee i nmeh, to
- -
j
r e oice,
b ecom es v ,
S ee i nd i r meh, to
- - -
ca u se
to j
r e oice.
meh, to ca u s e ou r s el ve t s o v
l o e one anoth er .
by th ea dd itiono f i l . Th u s,
1 . S ee mele, to l o e, becomes
-
v v n, S ec i l meh - -
,
to be l oved .
2 . S ee i nmeh, to
- -
j
r e oi ce,
becom es v iii ,
S ee i ni l meh, to be
- - -
j
r e oiced a t.
3 . S ee i sh meh to l o e on
- -
v
e a noth er, becom es i x, S ev ish i l - -
i
r s k, not tr ansl atabl e .
4 . S ee d ir meh, to
- -
cau s e o ne to l ov e, becom es x, S ec d ir i l
- -
meh, to bebr ou gh t to l o e v .
5 . S eo i nd i r meh, to
- - -
cau s eto r e oice,
j becom es xi, Sec i ne
l ir
- -
i l meh, to be m ad e to r e oice j .
6 . S ev ish d i r mek, to
- - -
cau se to l o e v o ne another ,
b ecom es
x ii, S ev ish di r i l meh, to b ebrou gh t to l o e one anoth er
- - - -
v .
v
twel e s econd ar y or ter tiar y r oots, m ay a ga i n be turned into a
negati v e by th e m e e
,
r a d ditio n of me . Th u s , see i nch, to l o e, -
v
becom es s ec me meh, not to l o e - -
v . And if it is necess a r y to ex
h and ,
to co ven y ev enth at id e a. Th u s , whil e sev me mch d enies - -
m od icatory sy l l bl es th e n mbe
a ,
u r of d eri v tiv e
a r oots is at o nce
r ais ed to thi r ty six -
Th . u s,
1 . S ev mele, to l o e, becom es
-
v x iii, Sec memek,
- -
not to l ove .
4 . l ir meh, to
Sev e- -
ca u s e to v
l o e, b ecom es x vi, S ee d ir memeh,
- - -
not to ca u seto lo e v .
5 . S ee i nd i r meh, to
- - -
cau seto r e oice, j b ecom es xv n
,
S ec i n -
d ir memeh,
-
not to cau se o neto j
r e oice.
b ecome
s x v iii ,
S eo ish d ir memeh,
- - - -
not to caus eou rs el ves to l o e v
one anoth er .
v
l o e,
perh a ps th em ost p an
l i.
t of al l , r esists som e of th e m od i
r oots to thir t y -
six. y l ast of these xxxvi See ish dir i l
Th ev er , ,
- - -
ememeh, w ou
-
l d be pe fectl y in tell igibl e an
r d migh t be ed fo ,
us ,
r
n
insta ce, if, i n speaking of th e Su l tana nd th e Cz ar, we wish ed
to s ay , th at i t was impossibl e th at th e y shoul d be brought to
l oveoneanoth er .
132 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
M n l n
o go s i
a m od e rn tr ib e in hi story F ro m i nt im a .
9 h em y
t
t ions in th e Chin ese a nn al s it is b elieved
ur '
,
.
gol ie trib es and aft erw ard a s the Mongol conqu est s
, ,
T ki
ur sh
a ppl ied to c e rt ain trib es It is po ssibl e .
of th e gr ea t e st e m p ir es th e world h as ev er seen .
an d subdu ed In 1 2 4 0
. th e Tat ar hord es i nv a ded
T me l n e a r a .
ual l y fell
to piec es a s di d the r st whi l e the Tur kish
, ,
h
t e e gr a t Mogu l s o f D e lh i . Th
2
e l a s t of h i s li n e for
n
a lo g t ime a t tl e i d p en oner
s i O f Engl and was cap
tu r ed a ft er th e R eb elli on of 1 8 5 7 an ,
d i n 1 8 5 8 ba n
,
CHAP TE R XIII .
T H E R A C E S O F I N D I A.
sur vi v e
. In som e d istrict s th eir l angu ag e and na
,
ou s Ary a n r a c e; inoth er s th e l an
,
gu ag e exist s eith er
pure or mingl ed wi th Hindu words and form s .
136 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
th eir l angu g a e pl a c es th em w i th th is s a m e f am i ly .
s em l i e e s 1 11 i e ,
, ,
usu ally y ellow l ight est in the Chin ese and bl ack est
, ,
THE HI LL TRIB ES OF INDIA. 137
Di e
rout b u rning th eir d ea d ; th eir institut ions
en yf m
ti rel ro
H nd a r e p a tri a rch a l not mum c1 pal ; and th eir
o o
o
i oos .
,
Th e points of v
e id ence, sh owi ng th e r el ationship between
th e nonAry an -
r a ces of India a nd th e Tu r anian, ar e thu s
1 0
l a ws f
o sou nd , with th e mo dern Turanian l an
gu ages , s u ch a s
th e h armonic q n
s e u e ce of v owel s,
a nd
th e
co v
n er tibil ity of wor d s a nd co nsonants ,
a nd
th e d ial ectic
th e erb,v a nd th e u s e of th e
rel ati ve p a r ticipl e. 8 . Res em
bl ance of wor d s, especial l y with thoseOf theF inni h famil y s .
Th ese n
co cl u sio s, n it i s bu t fa ir to s a y , a re d ou bted by a n
eminent s ch ol a r of this cou ntry , P r of . W . D . Whitney ,
wh o, in
h is note on Mr Webb s .
a rticl e i n th e Jou rnal of th e Am cr .
paris onar e not s u fcie ntl y known, to j ustif ya s cie ntic resul t ,
g ra d e of cu l tu r e a nd capa cit y .
()
1 th e trib es of t h e V i nd hy a M o u n ta i ns a nd ()
2 th e ,
pi i tr a on th e e a st th e H im a l a y a ,
on t h e north an d ,
A y n
r a
on th ew est th eAry a n trib es h a v ea dv a nc ed
,
b n d e
ou ari
m or e to th e south
s.
But in the m a in we .
,
Vin dh y a trib es .
(1 ) T HE v INDHYA RACES .
() a or B hi
The B hi l l a
l l s T h i s w i ld tr ib e l iv e on
.
port ers (Cool ies) by the Engl ish Th ere are two gr ea t .
Vindhya r a c es .
.
, ,
d T h P a ha r i a Th i s Vindhy a tr ib e h av e
() e .
ey es bro a d fa c e an
,
d l ip s th i ck er th a n tho se of th e
,
m enof th e pl ai n s .
()
e Th e K a nd a or 7 1 0a occupy a d istr i ct about
G od avery .
Hodgson 4
In theTamul ian form th ere is l ess h eight l ess , ,
b
() Th e T u l u ua
(or T u l a v a
) i nh a b i t th e th i ck
for est s wh i ch sk irt th e W est Gh at s inCon a r a Th eir .
c
() T h e f a l a l a r s who l i
,
k e th e T u,
l uv a s a re a
,
d
() The p eopl e from who m th ese r a c es ar e O ften
c alled the Ta mu l s are found on the ea st
, ,
Tam l
u s.
inRagakotta and P al gh at ,
.
()
e St ill oth er tr ib es th e T e li ng a
(or T elug )
,
u th e ,
an d E ast ern Gh at s .
a r e fa ir er th an the m en .
the Dekkantrib es .
judg ing fro m th eir l angu age to be the l ast trib e who
,
.
a u
l ns ge
gu ag ehas r ea ch ed a c ert ai n d egree of gram a ua
0
(3 ) THE B H TI A O Y RACES .
7
146 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
Indi a .
pl at eau som e ,
feet above the l ev el of th e sea ,
Bhot iy as
5
.
Th ese ar e th e M i shmi s Ze p ch a B u ta ne s e Z
,fi ran ti ns
, , ,
bodily type of a r a c e .
, ,
r a c es the M ir is th e N a ga s Khyengs , , ,
K en
ar s.
fro m Tib et .
T HE TAI TRIB ES .
Ge phi l
ogra
country
ca
e xt en di ng ov er 1 4 d egr ees of l a t i
p m n
os o .
, , ,
THE AR AN S Y OF INDIA.
by a c ar eful ob server .
4
, , ,
s outh e rn E ur op eans .
b i rth T h er e a r e trib e
.s of B r ah m an s I nthe
Bl k
A y n
ac
r a s.
Him al ay a who h av e the blond e color and
,
gu ag e
THE AR YAN S OF INDIA. 1 51
()
1 Th e Ea ster n or B enga l s . Th ese a re found nor th a nd
s ou th of th e G anges , i nthe pro ince of B engal , east v of Mah an
a nda ; y v
th e h a e i n ad ed v th e v l l ey a of Assa m , a nd m ingl ed i n
th e sou th with th e peopl e of th e Od r a . Th e y n mbeu r at l east
3 0 m il l ions. (2 ) Th eM i ddl eHind u s, wh o speak Hi nd i . Th es e
()
3 Th e S ou ther n o r Ma hr a tta s . Of al l th e Aryantribes,
v
th es e h a e penetr ated far th est to th e sou th , a nd a r e th e o nl y
tri bewh ich h as passed the West Gh ats -
Th eir northern l imits
wnhil l
.
por ti o nof th e v y
al l e s of th e Nerbu d d a a nd Tapti, a nd th ecoast
of th e G ul f of Camb a ya s fa r as Dam a n . Th e ya r ea nagricu l
tu ra l p pe
eo l a nd p ess
r on th e Mah ratta s wh o ar e ra th er a ,
fa v or s th eir pur su it .
(5 ) Th e Or i ssa tr ibes spea ki ng Ur ij a,
h ol ding the ea stern coast, s ou th of B engal , from Hoogl y to 4 5
1 52 THE RACES o nTHE OLD WORLD .
a nd at Vi
z a g a pa ta m, th is i s th e r ul i ng l a ngu a ge .
(6) Th e
Nor ther ninKum a on, Sirm or, a nd inKash mir .
w est to ea st .
r ac e s
, O , ,
a s th e Tur a ni a n to spring
,
Som e schol ars cl aim to
.
an d brown b eard ; in g en er al th ey ar e h ea v er th a n ,
i
progr ess If our rea d ers will c all to m ind the rst
.
cessa r
y so p er,
f ect i s th e und er st a n di ng by th e s ubt il e
ton e and m ann er ; and if hew ill suppo se this thr ou gh ,
or p a rt i cl e T h r i s ana v e r a g e of
j i e e
e t e
N g mm
c v .
o ra ar.
g p
r i e ese
,
e
th e sense .
trib es r esem bl e the Tib et ans whil e the south ern b ear ,
or a
be
th e provinc es Sh en si and Su chu an n ea r
tr s'
-
,
th e K i a ng or Tib et an s ,
Th er e i s b esid e a cl a ss
.
, ,
of p eopl e tr ea t ed by th e Ch in ese a s a s e
,
p ar at e r a c e ,
Th e M i aa Tsz (or
children of the soil ) are
"
n
o e b rb rou
a a s r c or g n lly h eld po ss s on the
a e i i a e si
v ored an
,
d with w ell proportion ed fea tur es
-
Th eir .
color is d ark and th eir h air co arse fall ing in clust ers ,
PT nbg bl y n
ro a
T ur a ni an fam ily but do e s not pr ecise
,
ly d e
u us i a
t ermin e the r a c e to wh ich th ey b elong
.
is ov a l a nd l ke
i th e Europ e n the front al bones
a
color to al mo st a pure wh it e .
gu ages . ()
5 Th e a d ecti e,
j v as i n so m an y of th eT ur a nian l an
gu ag es , is u nch angeabl e, and d oes not fol l o w th e gend er a nd
number of th enou n (6) Th e d egr eeof comparis onis expr ess ed
I
by a d ding par ti cl es 7
( ) Th e nu m er al a dj e
.cti v es can be em
y
pl o ed as nou ns or ad j ectives ,
accor d i ng as th e termination
is a nnexed .
( )
8 Th e pr onouns ar e id entical with th ose of th e
fr om th e pr onou n of th e th ir d per s on .
(1 0) Th e v erb, as in
F innish , nev er takes a per sona l ter minati on.
( )
1 1 Th eform ation
Of wh a t
p articul ar branch this l angu ag eis a m em
ber c annot a s yet be satisfa ctorily d et ermin ed
, , , .
T HE TIB ETAN S ,
l
TUN G U SIAN S, M ONGOLS
AN D S A M OI E DE S.
wi ll be r em em b er ed a ccording to Ma x M ull er s
IT ,
Tw
o g reat
T nn
u ra ia
d w wn
is s
S ou t/aer n the North ern com pr eh endi ng
o
an d Ta m ul ic ra c es .
,
We will now-
.
m oiedi c p eopl es .
I . T HE TIB ET AN S .
on
.
ex st s a ong t e p eopl e th a t is
i m h e ,
son ,
th ere exi st s not inany trib e or r a c e any not ion ,
nmne
In app ear anc e the Tibet an s r esembl e the Chin ese
,
differ ent ir ely from the Tur anian type and appro a ch ,
th e fa c es of ch ildr en .
sep ar at e word .
I I. T HE T UN G US I ANS .
ord er
. In M a nd ohu the dial ect of th e m o st pow er
5
,
th e i mm en se E m pi r e of Ch in a wh ich th ey ,
1 5 99
. Th ey are d escrib ed as in a pp ear a n ce of l ight er ,
m or e b ea rd a nd a m or e int elligent fa c e .
M nd h a c u .
a ,
u s i s only b e tw een an d
g
In th e l at e explorations of the Am our river m uch
int er esting in form a tion is g iv en of th e nom a di c and
T n
u g f th e
us o
p a g a n Tungu si a n trib e s on its b ank s T he .
A m our .
0r oi e/i o n
es , M cm egr i a ns, D a ou r ia ns, a nd
B i r a rs occupy
t erritory on the Upp er Am our ;
the
III . T HE O L
M NG O S 9.
Ha z ar a Ol ot, nd K a l mu cks
'
a .
,
th e a v er ag e Europ ean .
oth ers.
8
170 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
t ion but conqu er ed and disp ersed by the Chin ese are ,
kho nor
-
.
K lm k
a u c s.
C abul and H er at 12
ill brou gh t
- -
u p ch il d r e n to
, appropriate l ittl e Ob j ect s of cu r io sit
,
y
bu t inno m anner a ddicted to wh at may be ca l l ed r obber y . AS
for th eir a ve r sion to l abor a nd a sede ntar y l ife, th ey a re
M ng l
ro o
g e
o o
l n ecti v e or pr edi c a t i v e thi s featur e h a s
j us t
a
j
u ag .
,
IV .
1 THE S AMOIEDES.
dw ell ers .
will grow n ear the bord ers of the Icy Sea H ere
,
.
To il l u strate this g hl i
r ounth e En gl iy
sh ton ue
g , s u ppos e ou r l an
ua
g g e on l so far y v
d e eloped that we coul d express I l ove, or ha vel oved,
o r wi l l l ove,
or thou l oves t, bu t by one word , l ovi ng, an &c ,
d the pro .
m u st bef a ther I -
. Thi s woul d correspond in a genera l wa y to the l ow
gra mma tical n d itionof theMon
co gol ia nl an gu age The B u riats wou l d .
v
be s o far a d anced a s to sa y l oved id I (I l o ed) or a s in F rench, - -
v ,
j
a imer a i
I ha v
-
e t
,
o l ov e ( wil l l o e) keeping the a fxes s eparate
I v , ,
F a theri ,
that is , my fa ther .
;
1
T he d eri v a tio n of this word from the r oot of the F innic, S a mne
l a i set (menof a s wamp) ,
seems , O n thewhol e, the most probabl e. See
Latham .
THE S AM OIEDES. 173
()
1 the Yu r a lo,
()
2 th e Ta wgi nd (8 ) the Osti a k
a .
an d the O st i ak s who a r e to be di st in
,
3 1 t
9 3
gu
to
ag e s of both p eopl es h e s a y s a r e dist in , ,
F nn
i s
TURKI SH RACES .
(a l but
g)
,
wh
2
i ch a t th a t s eas on y i eld a ri ch v eg et a t i on ,
1 7te Tu r ks o f S i beri a A ft er th e d
. ism em b erm ent
of th e E m p ir e of Tschin gi s Kh a n s e v er a l Ta rt a r
(or
-
,
trib es 4
.
gl abrous skin ?
Th er e seems to be no doubt th at a port ion of th e
popul ation by favorabl e circum st anc es h av e b ecome
, ,
p ean .
g r s.
occupy the north ern and east ern port ions of Turk es
tan wh enc e th ey rov e ov er a v a st ext ent of country
,
.
on e virtu e of a no m a d ic r a c e ho sp it a lity Th ey a r e .
s cc s .
, ,
s of Ru ssi a ; th e K a r a ka l a ks n ea r th e
j ect p
s ea of Ar a l subj ect p a rtly to Ru s sia a n
, d p a rtly to the
Kh an s of Kh iva a nd the B a skir s inO renburg a nd ,
a bout
O m n
s ali s.
in Europ e at the south of the D a nub e the
, ,
T ki h
ur s
word s be u sed Th e sp eech of th e upp er
.
d le
ia cts.
cl asses has a l a rg e infusion of P ersian and
Arab ic word s so th at a w ell educ a t ed Turk says M
,
-
,
.
Turkish a r e:
()
1 th e Oka a ta i
g ,
pok en inTurk est an
s
()
2 th e Ta ta ri e,
spok en in the K ipch ak a nd S ib eria ;
a nd (3 ) the Osma nl i .
9
Wewere at rst incl ined to a ccept P richa rd s
view th t thi
,
a s was
a manifest instance of thechange of ype nde new phy i l in
a r a ce-
t u r s ca
medical statistics of y
Tu rke s how the great exten t to whi ch i nter
v
marriageis carried by theTurks, and l ea ethe u estionstill indoubt q .
CHAP TER XVII .
RACES
1
O F P ERSIA ,
A F G H A N I S TAN ,
AN D
B I L U C HI S TA N .
c all ed I l igd/z s .
G h az na H er a t a nd B alkh Th eir tr a d er s
.
, ,
m en .
, ,
po em of Firdusi (1 000 A
ep i c and it app ear s in .
a s about
a r e of r a c e a ll i ed to th e na t i ve P er s i an s .
it
P age 1 7 0 .
1 86 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
of Tam ul orig in .
t al av an .
THE F
A G HANS.
r u te
p d i nto P a ton . Th e i r l a ngu ag e th e Pu shtu is
st anc e of anunmix ed r ac e pr e se
,
nt ing n early al l gra
d ation s of color a ccording to the po sition th ey occupy
an d th e clim at e of th eir r esp ective distri cts Th e .
a u .
east .
THE KURDS .
an d oppr ession .
D Gm
r
cu m cisi on a n
,
d th e p a ssov e r f ea st Mr W -
. . .
hw y
t
F Ai n sworth a rgu es w ith m uch ingenui ty
.
,
a ctl
y to tho s e s een on th e A s syr i a n m onu m ent s .
Re embi n e pl a in s n ea r Nin e
s a c veh the a rch it ectur e of ,
to n n cie t
A y
a
ss n th eir tom b s preserving the p eculia r ter
ri a s.
,
ichaeism *
.
about an
p hr ate s ,
d th e S el a l g .
9
Haxthau senmaintains that their d octrineof Sa tan,
is th eGnostic
d octrineof Demiurgus .
1 92 THE RACES OE TH E OLD WORLD .
se ,
O
N EST RIANS .
1
of Ch in a a r e th e d e
,
sc end ants of th eir convert s .
g i tu de
. Th ei r l east populou s d istr ict s a r e
a s th e Kurd s th e m selves .
9
1 94 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
D Gr m
t h e tenlo st trib es of I sr a el It .i s g en er ally
th e y
r. a
or .
1 8 4 3 at about
,
CHAP TER XVIII .
T HE RACES OF G E ORG IA ,
T HE CAUCASUS
,
l
AN D A R M E N I A.
Through
.
e C w th a aSU S
TheOs e t i n
s a s.
, , ,
ey es r ed or l ight brown h a ir
,
The wom en a r e short
.
,
sh a p ed fee t .
, .
S ua n s (or Sw a n ; a n h L az i
()3 th e ) d ()
4 t e .
c assi an .
ern, or Lesghi ()
2 th e Mi ddl e,
or M i z e hi
j g ()
3 th e
W estern , or Cir ca ssi a nand A ba si an .
.
, ,
Le ghi n
s a s.
c ert ain .
sia n s
.
,
Cherkessian
.Th ey form erly ext end ed ev en to the
Crim ea A portion only h ave b een subj ect ed by
.
, ,
Russia .
A p art of th em on th e co a st h av e b een
Ab mn as s s'
Ch erkessians ,
Abassians ,
() ssetes,
G eorgians,
Miz j eghians,
Lesgh i ans,
Tatars (Turkic),
2 00 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
sia n s th ey say is m a rk ed a s subj ect to Ru ssia but
, , ,
, ,
THE CAUCASIAN RACES . 2 01
intho se provinc es .
b ea Circassian .
T HE ARMENIAN S .
This
p eopl e though inh abit ing a t erritory wh ich
,
the co untry b etw een the Kur and theAr a s the v all ey ,
of Mur a d ch ai or E a st e
-
rn Euphr at es and the b asin s
, ,
ru ted a n d th e y h av e h e ld to i t w i th gr ea t fa ithful
p ,
Ayn
r a
l it er a tur e d at ing fro m th e 4 th c e
,
ntury A D . .
in e
The a nci ent tongu e is a d ea d l a ngu ag e; th e
ra c .
'
9
This fa ct is Mr Marsh a s ane id ence tha t e enthe
a dd u ced by .
,
v v
g ramma r of one ra ce m a y b ecom e m in gl ed with th a t of a nother (Orig .
an d Hist of En.
g L an , p
g. bu t it s e.em s tru e,
h er e on l y to a
,
l ife amon g these r a ces , a ssu res the a u thor , that the Arm en i ans on ly
s peak Tu rkish Wherethe y a re a smal l min y
orit inth emidst of Tu rks .
THE ARM ENI AN S . 2 05
pl ai n ed by m ea ns of the Armenian .
Th is is qu es
tioned ho wev er
,
.
O CE A N I C E THN O G R A P HY
.
CHAP TER X IX .
T HE R A C E S O F O C E A N I C A .
l
t ed on th ese countl ess i sl a nd s th e no
m a ds of the sea as Pro f Mii l l er c alls th em is ev en
,
.
,
of O r i e nt al n egro es .
, , ,
oth ers tog eth er with New Brit ain New Irel and the
, , ,
a s tra a.
l
is a nd s a nd s tr ip s o f cor a l rock i n t h e Nort h P a c ic ,
ea s t o f th e Ph i l ipp i n es i n clu di ng
,
th e
M ne i
P el ew L a dron e B anabe a nd n um erou s
i cr o s a.
, , ,
fro m 2 1 N l a t
i tud .e to 5 S () 5 P
ol y
.n es i a or th e ,
P l yn
o es ia
,
r a c e kindr ed to th e M al ay of which th e
.
p e r i od i c ity of i ts w i nd s an d the m a l ar
D e m i nng
et r i
w er e p eopl ed by a sim il a r r a c e .
r i ods of t im e .
It ap
,
( ) Inth e want
1 of
in ecti ons .
( )
2 Inth e fa ct th at par ti cl es
tionof a word ( )
8 Th e a dj ec t
.i v e fo l l o ws th e nou n (9) C om .
p ar i s on i s expr es s ed by a r
p pe os iti o n ( )
1 0 M al a y n u me r al s .
b er 8 by writing 1 0 2
,
a nd 9 by 1 0 (1 1 ) Th ese l an
-
1.
or j v elins
a ,
as so m any
s te s ;m or ca nnon, gu ns, ndl es,
ca
THE L Y
MA A S .
in M a d ag a s c a r at
,
m il es dist anc e M al ay word s
,
The M al ay
bodily typ e is d escrib ed by Prich a rd as
Indo Chin ese The no se is short but not at th e
-
.
, ,
T HE P OLYNE SIANS .
M al ay isl and s .
l ess th an
From the evidenc e of l angu age Mr Cr awfurd con ,
.
2 14 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
elud e s th a t th er e w a,
s in th e a nt ehi stori c
-
t im es a ,
of pl a nt s wh i ch th e
,
y wov einth e loom whil e know
,
s u
q .
of a r e
I l l l Il S.
The .
T HE L
ME AN ESIAN S .
or th eir divisions .
216 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORL D .
d am an s h a v e no notion of D eity or sp ir ,
,
TheNegritos by B owrin
are sai d
g to poss ess a r em ar kabl e fa cil it y
i n the u se of their toes , a nd their feet a re m a rk ed by a grea ter s epa
nof the toes thanis u su al They cand escend therigging of a ship
r a tio .
,
h ea d d ownwa r d cl in gin
, g with their feet .
10
THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
v n
e e th e e is ex t nc e of the n egro trib es on the sm all er
isl and s of M el a n esi a .
The Au str ali a n l angu ag es ar e m or e lik e th e M a
l ay and th e Polynesi an th a n th ey a r e l ik e a nything
,
co nne n
ctio
w hA i
it s a i s th a t th ese bl a ck trib es a r eoff shoot s fro m
,
-
wid ely by the conqu est of oth ers or th eir own pur suit
of plund e r ov er th e P a cic Isl ands A bl a ck trib e is
,
.
m ixtur es of blood .
mi xtur e o f P a pu a n s a n d Polyn e si a n s In th e i r .
m ould th,
ey a r e s a i d by Mr W ill i a m s to b e
. d e
r
f am es The fa e
.
c i s ov a l pro l e v e rt i c a l,
no se w e ll ,
h a p e d but th e h a i r f r iz z l ed a n d bu s hy T h e c o m .
s ,
a l m o st purpl e
T h e n e
. a r
est a ppro a ch to th e n egro
i s on th e isl and of K nd v a a u T h e F e e j e e s r.
es em bl e
bl ck
th e a s in ei u se th r o f t h e bow a n d t h e m a nu f a c
,
&c , p
. .
j
. .
,
F ee
j ee s.
K a r a a nd the pr a ct ic e of t a ttooing
,
The .
M a l l ikol o M a r e ,
Z if ,
,u B a l a d ea , B a u r o a nd G a a d ,
a l ca n ar .
th at al l the
M el an esian l angu ag es though di sinteg ,
a t ed a n
M e lan e sians r d a pp a r ently s ep a r a t ed fro m one
of no e ra c e
a noth er Ow i n g to the b a rb ari sm a nd i sol a
.
If th is be h er ea ft er m or e fully d em onstr a t ed th e ,
La th a m m akes a sepa r a te di vi i
s o nof th e O cea nicanl angu a
g es, in ng N B r itannia ,
to th e P a pu a cl a s s , compr isi
th os e of .
. v
N Hano er, N Ir el and , Sol om on Isl and s , &c , Mal icol l O, Err o
. .
T HE AUSTRA IANS L .
e p wq e
physic al typ e seem s a cro ss of th e Mal ay th i r h u
,
.
strongly form ed a n
-
d st a t ely Variou s physic al typ es
.
,
.
n
d ec en t i for ethought
i a nd conc entr a t i v en es s but ,
th e w ea k an d th e a g e d tho u
,
gh cru e l to wo m en .
p e e i e f i e e e e f
.
a s a r a a ar
th e School in Mt F r ankl in sa ys th a t th e F v
.
, b e a or a l
n ts .
n ative chi ldren m ani fest just as gr eat a ccou
, ,
E THN OL O G Y OF A F R I C A.
CHAP TE R XX .
T HE B ERRER .
a d a t i uit
a n oth e
y r r a ce on Afr i c a n s o il F ro m th e Atl a nt ic .
Dr B arth sa
. ys that the y ar e cl ea rl yt o berecogniz ed as theT a mh u
'
ch a n
ged th eir r el igio n h a ving a l l inhis
, ,
T wa ek a r .
a r m s an
,
d from th eir suppo sed d esc ent fro m th e an
g
ci e nt Teutoni c trib e of Va nd al s Th eir long fa ir .
to Vand al inuenc es .
ston e hou s es T h y v a ry i n a pp e ar a nc
V y ng i
e . e ;
phy q e i n the pl ai n s b ei ng m ore o ft en d ark a nd
ar
s l
, ,
, ,
s a m e r a c e th e I mghad ar e a l m o s t bl a ck
, , ,
Gh at or Timbuctoo .
the Sp a n ish or It al ia n .
with oth er r a c es .
230 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORL D .
Of th e K a nu ri Mr N orr is says :
,
.Its noun s ar e
m
The K a nurip eopl e h avethe u su al physic al ch ar a c
teristics of wh at is c all ed th e n egro Th eir r eli gion
,
.
i s Moh am m ed a n .
of A i canwi th S e
'
m it i c r a c es Th eir l an .
Ti bb oo.
L ak e Tsad .
THE HAUSSA. 231
(b) T HE HAUSSA .
to me
so
S e m it i c n a t i on s Wh en d ecl a r ed H.a m it i c ,
e
a u th ori ti s .
a s th e y a r e by so m e i t m u st ber em em b er ed ,
()
c THE AB YSSINIANS .
1
a Se m it i c l angu a g e .
THE Y
AB SSIN IANS . 233
p pe ea r
th e inh ab it a nt s a r e spok en o as st ll d rk
f i a the copp er
P h y si q u e f
o
o
ft en cr i sp ed or curl ed Th e A m h a r a ar e .
A nh m
a ar s
d escrib ed by a F r ench sa va nt (L efebvr e) a s ,
0 1 .
0 0 th at feed on c er eal s he st at es ar e g en erally , ,
d p nd en
e e t
i e
orr r r t. d ark or bl a ck and tho seth at l ive m o stly on
,
s uffer fro m i t .
, , ,
an d v enom ou s di sput es .
th e erc e i nv a si on s of th e Ga l l a s a H am iti c n a ti on
,
mh as ,
i n r el ig i on and h ab it s though t
,
hei r l an
n m bmw
o e
gu ag e shows th a t th ey ar e not at al l of
'
,
.
m ount ain s of th e co u nt ry in S am en ,
Th ey ar e a s
.
y e t d is t inctly know n Th e S a
. ho a nd th e A d aie l ar e
S emitic .
p art icul ars the Afric an is one of the m o st int er est ing
,
e. e
.
, ,
9
A~remarkabl ehu mp or a ccretio nof fat ona portio nof thebody .
THE RACES OF THE OLD W O RL D .
Th e Wa ku a a nd M a sa i i nh ab it ing a gr ea t dis,
th em .
THE ARAB S
trib es of Negro l a n d -
.
th e pur e Ar ab s .
fr ee a s th ey ev er w er e .
S emi tic r a c e .
bian featu r es .
11
2 42 THE RACES or THE OLD WORLD .
in bu l a ti on
.
(e) THE JE ws .
(quot e d by Dr B eddo
. e Ethnol Tr an s ,
l i v i ng .
,
B l k Je ws
,
ac .
effect of clim at e .
a r d do es not s ee
,
m to b ea r the t est of clo ser inv es
tiga tion (See D r B eddo e Ethnol Tra n s L ondon
. .
,
.
, ,
y
This t pehas beenseen by thel ea rned tra ell ers v of this cit y
,
Dr .
a ccord i ng tobein b on
cl ima te,
l d e n d l i ht in th e n r th ern countri es
g a g o
and dark inthesou thern; bu t l ater r es ea r ches show tha t the two types
abo v e de scribed arefou nd u nder al l cl imates.
2 44 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
t ain its numb ers and inCochin Chi na and Aden the
,
,
(f ) THE M OORs.
n ation .
th e Sp anish Ar ab s
CHAP TER X X I
T HE HAM I T IC
( O R C HA M I T I C
) T R I B E S OF
A FRICA .
s ce .
w th Egypt n or K
'
C h a mi ti c u shi tz e
D e ni i n
to
i ( i a
) ,
r nm m
rEthiO i an; to d e sign a t e th a t fa m ily of
O a
( p )
m ankind who se m or e esp ec ial r epr esent a tiv e in an
tiqui ty w er e the Egypt ian p eopl e and who se m od ,
ern d esc end ant s a r e the Kopt e Nub i an s and oth er,
a i A
r egard to c ert n r c n n t on such a s Di e r e nt
f i a a i s
ff
em th es
th e B erb er the G huber (or H au ss a) th e
, ,
C al s
l a
,
D a n a kil a nd S om au l i a nd oth er s wh eth er
,
( )
a THE K or Ts .
l
er n K i
opt c is th e r epr esent at ive a nd offspring of
th e a ncient K Optic Th eir fa c es a r e s ai d to corr e
.
h
t es a m e a s a F r ench writ er expr esses it
a ir d e
The a gri cul tur al Kopts do not d iffer ina pp ear anc e
from th e F ell ah s .
h
T e l a ngu a g e i n i ts two d i al ect s theS a Me
l a nd r
/
an d L ow er Egypt .
whi ch has produc ed the w ealth and born e all the bur ,
F el l a hs Th ey ar e d escr ib ed a s a h ea vy co ar se
.
,
y
t peinancie y
nt Eg pt as therea reinthemodern.
THE FELLAHS . 2 49
tra i ts .
a nc i ent sculp ture is a h eavy eyel id Pro -
, ,
t eet ing and h alf clo sing a v ery k een eye The com .
A um n
cc a o
t em p er a m ent a d a pt ed to r esist the d estru c
.
,
9
y
The phil osoph Of Accl imation a nd the F ormation of a rieties V
wil l be expl a in y
ed moreful l inthe chapter on Un
it or Di ersit of y v y
Origin
.
THE EAsTERN N UB IAN S. 2 51
, ,
In t rn p a rt of Nub ia in th e d esert
th e ea s e ,
be
tween th e Nil e a nd the Red Sea and a m ong ,
th e
2 52 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORL D .
, .
curl ed h air .
THE CA LLAS .
1
m or e th a n the u su al a fn ities to th e S em it ic Th is .
, ,
-
.
'
a n im al s .
2 54 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
(e) T HE PE PL E
O OF SENN AAR P
( ROB AB LY HAM ITIC) .
an d ey es .
B L AGK
EASTERN A F RI CA .
Th e r ea d er m ay see in a ny book of pl at es or i n
ster eOSCOpie v i ew s Of Nub i a , th e r epr es ent a t ion of the
Egyptian Ki ng s c arved in th e rock a t Abu S imb al -
.
P y sical
h
n ely curv ed no se bro a d a t th e top w ith , ,
type
theearly faith .
m ay be e th c a u s es o f t hi s d efe ct i on a m ong A fr i c a n
n ation s ; or po ssibly th ere m ay be som ething in the
S em iti c t em p er am ent which incl in es it to a r ev eren
,
dou b f l
t u
Th ei r l angu ag e is dist inct It is r em arka
of l a ngu a g e Pr i ch a rd d e
,
rives the Nub ian s from a
n egro trib e ca ll ed Noub as of Kordo fan and suppo ses
, , ,
E eks, B al ms a a nd
oth ers a new el em ent
nd Tscl z er s, ,
g en erally uncloth ed .
Sy rians,
G reeks a nd Romans,
Eur opeans,
B erbe ins, r
CHAP TER XXII .
T HE R A C E S OF WE STERN A FRICA ,
O RT H
N OF
T HE M O UN TAIN S OF T HE M OON .
co a st t h e one
,
north and t h e oth er s outh .
G g ph i l
eo ra ca
d mn
i vis
Th ese m ount a in s known a s th e Kong
s.
th ese h igh l ands and the Atl antic and r ea ching from ,
AFRICA .
th e so c all ed
-
pur e n egro typ e Its na tur a l di vi
.
()
3 S ou th Gu uz ea .
Iol cf (
s or W ow) c a nd th
,
e M u t atngoes
*
.
Wil sons
s tate nt
me that these three a re of o ne stock, is co ntra
d icted by KOl l e onapparentl yg ood v
e idence.
60 THE R ACES OF THE OLD W O RL D .
T h ei r color w a s a r i ch bro wn o ft e n n o
A b wn ro ,
be
tr i .
l an or F e
,
ll ani areint eresting to the stud ent of pr es
,
th eir rul e ext end now fro m the Atl a ntic O cea n and
S en eg am b ia on the w est to the kingdo m s of Bornu
,
THE FELLATAH . 2 61
,
, ,
,
.
ext ent , inCh eck ing l very and the sl a ve tra de for the
s a ,
C entra l Afri c a .
.
,
Tor ode .
et no n a t iv e a lph ab e t and m k e e f t h e
as
y a u s o
THE O
MANDIN G ES AND T HE IOLOF S .
nd
a nsomed by Ogl ethorpe a nd then s ent back to his o wncountry,
ra ,
a fter recei in a
g g v
ood ed u ca tioni nEn gl and .
v
There is yet l i ing a F el l atah in the Un ited States (Wil min gton ,
f u per ior i t
M ndi ng
o
o es.
m ent s and good publ ic school s ; th eir l ea d
a
12
2 66 THE RACES OF THE OLD W O R LD .
of th e ir H amit i c origin .
g o es who e
,
m i gr at ed tO the S e n e g al fro m th e b a nk s of
am ists a n d sell th ei r wi v es a s Sl av es
g ,
.
0 1
0 0, affe ted
c
d ee p bl a ck color of th e r a c e s of S en eg a m b i a ,
by 1m m t9
em s to h a v e m or e conn ect i on W 1 th th1 s
c
se
lut e rul e .
T HE M AN D I N G O ES AN D IOLOF S . 2 67
Gulf of B eni n and lies b etw een the Kong ch ain and
,
whi ch th ey present .
w ear more clothing and cul tivat e the soil m ore skil
2 68 THE RACES OF THE OLD W ORLD .
.
,
fa m il ia r thro u gh th e Sl a v e tr a d e Y et th ey.
th em .
the south .
bl a ck i n co m pl e x on
are e
j t
-
i .
of syll a bl es not l e
,
tt ers .
A v n em n
d a c
a p ecul i a r a n
e t
d d em ocr a tic form L a nd i s .
Km
held in co mm on by th eir com m unit ies
Of s'
.
h av e th ey c arried on the Sl av e tr a d e .
a ct e
.r
A h n ti s a s.
on e t im e a n a r ea Of so m e 3 00 m il es squ a r e lying ,
th an
The Ash ant is are in ferior to th e F ant is in th eir
g en er al c ul tivat ion yet h ave m a d e som e progr ess in
,
th e m ech ani c a rt s.
D enkyira and Vasa popul ations and the inh abit ants
, ,
trib e is at C ap e L ahu .
i nt erior .
th p opl
i s e e A beoku ta h a s pr esent ed a m o st strik ing
in st a nc e of th e c a p a city of im prov em ent wh ich exist s
inthe Afr ic a n r a c es .
co ast.
CHAP TER XXIII .
North Afric a .
Aninstancegi enby Br v y nt
a ,
is
i z i nto z eta nke ez i l u ngi l eg/o
z o z i
thin
l P erhaps th e fol
vea ku Ti r o (
a l l ou r
good gs com e from God) .
l brief, an
d we ha eanan v
al ogy to theAfricanal literation .
276 THE R ACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
z gg
igs
a s
s
color
,
f ro m li ght
,
co ffee a n d copp er color to -
bl a ck an h r both tr g t n woolly
j et d a i , s a i h a d
an d th e fa cial tr ait s of the n egro a s w ell a s of the ,
FAMILY .
Cl ass .
We sh all ex amin e th em h ereaft er indet ail .
v
If th e nati e of Sou th ernG u inea h as not th etal l a nd com
Of theKru m an,
th ema nl y a nd independent gait f th eA ekwom o v
tion of wh at n
co stitu tes v
tru e ci il iz ation,
a nd ca n m u ch m or e
read il y conf or m h ims el f to th e v iews a nd feelings of civil iz ed
men .
Th er e ar e two
promin ent divisions of the trib es Of
South ern G uinea the m arit im e and the int erior or , ,
278 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORL D .
Mp ngwe
o s.
an d m ild a nd exibl e .
anc e Wil s on s ay s th a t of al l m e
, ,
n he h a s ever m et ,
r egul ar .
g u el a ar e al l of the s am e r a ce the B u nd a r a c e SO
, , ,
ci al
p .
Al l th ei nh abitants of th is re i
g o n, as well as th oseof Londa
d a rk, a nd th en again,
wh enwe com e within th e in u ence of
d amp fr om th e s ea a ir, we nd th e Sh a d ed eepeninto th egener al
bl a cknes s of th e coa s t popu l ation. Th e sh a pe of th eh ea d , with
its wool l y crop ,
th ou gh gener al , i s not u nivers al . Th e tribes o n
th e easternsid e Of th econtinent, as th eCares, h a eh ead s n
el v y
v
d e el oped a nd s tr o ngl y Eur opean Instances . of thi s kind a re
f eq
r uentl y s ee n, and a fter I b ecam e so famil iar with th e d a rk
col or as to forget i t i nviewing th e cou ntenance,
I was stru ck by
th estr ong re embl s a nces om enativ es boreto certainof ou r ow n
notabil ities . Th e B ush men and Hottentots a re exceptions to
th eser em a rks, for b oth th e Sh ape of th eir h ea ds a nd gr owth Of
s cal
p intu fts ,
with ba r e spaces between, a nd whenth e crop i s
THE EASON OS. 2 81
h ea d s Of th e B al onda a nd Mar a i v
v y d i p iti n t
. With e er s os o o
Cent al Af ica
r Th em on u me
r nts of th e ancient Egy ptians eem
. s
of the s a m e fa m ily .
, ,
s s o r on
-
g o T h ey l i v.e on th e low er p a rt of t h e Z a ir e
or Congo R iver and ar e skil ful m arin er s and ship ,
-
a s fa r a s Br a z il l a d e n with sl aves , .
, ,
Livingston .
CHAP TER XXIV .
inh ab it ed by th e Hi ll D a m a r as a nd Bu shm en
-
Th ey
.
Rel g n
i io .
d ie of ho m esickn ess -
.
short cr isp e
,
d h air .
THE OVAM P O S . 2 85
th e kingdo m of K am b a n ea r th e Riv er Ku n
, ene
the i nh ab it a nt s b elong to the con sid er a bl e r a c e of th e
as
)
,
a n a m e m ean m g Equ al s
or F ellow ,
s
ar e
,
found to d eg en er a t e inphysi qu e .
-
,
Livingston gives l
a c a ssi c ation of th e B echu anas ,
, , ,
r al ,
an d r aise l arg e qu a nt it ies of gra in O n their .
m ission a ry .
bu t v e y d e ient in m et ph y i
r c a s cal term s. It h as no words S ig
nifying
conscience,
s pir it,
&c , . a nd none to B e chu an a
m an . j v
Th ea d ecti e takes th epr ex of th esubstanti eto whi ch v
i t bel ongs, a nd is al wa y s pl aced a fter th e nou n, as sel emo sc
gol u ,
se precipice th e g r eat
. Th e pl a ce of th e com par ati ve
d egr ee i s Ofte nsuppl ied y
by empl o ing th e erb f eta , to v s u rpa s s ;
Th u s th e pr ex se, gi ev
s th e pr onou n s ena ,
or s ea, b efor e th e
ve b ; r v l e ; be ben
l e, gi es l ena, or b ; li hen a ,
a, or oa ,
-
c a , or
Z
ia . Th e v e b h th ee f m
r asth e Ef ient C
r ti v e n d or s, c ,
au s a , a
Rela ti v e; nd e h f m h
a th ee i e th e ti e th ep
ac or ive
as , r v o c s, ac v , a ss
a nd th em iddl e. (Or S oo .
y Jo ur n,
. v ol . i, p .
T HE KA FFIRS .
1
Thi s
p eopl e from whom th e ext end ed fam ily Of
,
K ia rs.
fi rs Zulus,
and F i ngoes
,
ea ch Sp ea k ing a s ep a r a t e ,
ha ts
'
i who
,
h a v e b e e n dr i v en o u t f ro m th ei r form er
h ab it at ions and are suppo s ed now to be som ewh ere
,
th e M a ta bel e A m a
f gen u a n d oth e r s e i th e,
r bord e r ing
on N at al or who h a ve m igra t ed to a dist a nc e in the
,
t
in e i r or T h
. e for m e r tr i b e h a v e a lr ea dy fou n d e d a n
im port a nt k i ngdo m i n th e c entr e o f South ern A fri c a .
p l e
,
l iv ing und e r a p a tri a rch a l gov e rn m e nt T h e i
. r
sup e rstitions and cu sto m s corr espond to tho se alrea dy
m ent ion ed of th e oth er br a nch es of this fa m ily .
13
2 90 HE
T RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
Afm a
jug at ed or ab sorb ed continu ally O n the .
of n ume r ou s sm a ll er tr ib es such as th e M a ha l a ha
, ,
B a dm w a B a hu r u ts e M a schon
,
a an,
d oth er s A p a rt
, .
B a ta u a na a nd oth ers
,
Th e M akol ol o h av e b een
.
, j d , e s i , ,
, ,
l e, a
en t p eopl e is th a t of th e Ji n g a .
Q u i l i m a ne b elong to th e K a fr s prop er a nd th a t th e ,
In gen eral ,
the popul ati onof this east ern co ast may
2 94 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
T h ee l
r e The r st ar e wild nom a di c h erd sm en who
c ass s
,
one e n a st r
coas t live on the plunder of war or the produc e
of th e hunt : th e se includ e th e G a ll a th e M asa i th e , ,
S em a l a nd th e K a r
,
The second ar e th e trib es
.
,
Tr an s 1 8 61 p , ,
Th e th ird cl a ss wh i ch h a v e
.
,
r egul ar cul tiva tion of the gro u nd are the trib es such
,
a .
on the co ast
At s om e d ista ncefrom th e coa st a nd ab ou t d u e north fr om
th em outh s of v
th er i er s Zambesi a nd Quil imane l ieth e Mak oas,
,
10
s ou th l atitu d e . Still farth er in th e i nterior a nd to th e
F rom a stateme nt of -
Dr Krapf, inthe Missionary Register, i t
.
2 96 THE RACES OE THE OLD WORLD .
2
north l a titu d e, h e th u s wr ites : Th el angu age of B a r a wa i s
Th e l a n u
g ga e of th e Wa kam b a s See m s to be simil ar to th at of
with th e Wonica s ,
und erstand a nd spea k th e Wonica l a ngua ge
perfectl y well .
speci mens of th e l an u
g ga e s pok en a m ong th e tr ibes th r ou gh
wh ich h eh a d pa s sed , inwh ich Ka tr a nd Sech u ana wor d s wer e
ea sil y recog niz abl e . v
Nati es co nv ey ed fr om th e i nterior to
Moz am bi q ue,
a nd from th ence taken to th e B ech u ana cou ntry,
v
h a efou nd no d ifcu l ty inm aking th em sel v es u nd erstood ; su f
Sechu ana .
n
S io ary Societ y ,
to s om e captu red negr oes near Cape Town, in
He s ay I fou nd th e nu mber of ca ptu r ed negroes
1 845 . s : to
v
Th eMa z ena s l i e nea rer th e coa st, pr oba bl y betweenth ef or m er
i, p .
p
The e e opl a r e m a rk e d by a gr e a t v a r i ety o f phy s
c
i a l typ e a nd
,
th ei r color r a ng e s fro m ol i v e to bl a ck .
th e pur e en gro tr b
i es Th e co s tum . e s a n d m od e s o f
Th e r el ig ion o th s p eopl
f i e i s th e Moh a m m e d na ,
*
13
2 98 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
g ue b ar T h ey o
. n l y nu m b er s om e
W k mb
a a a.
T b
ri es o 3
e en
as t r t
to th eir orig in It is only kno wn th at the
coas .
.
TRIRES WEST OF Z AN ZIBAR . 2 99
T HE H O TTEN T O T R A C E}
an d a m ong th e ev i d enc es of th is is th e fa ct
Ho ttent ots ,
m y d ent
th at the riv ers ev en inthe B echu an a t erri
,
cu m stan ce s ar e a s di ffe
,
rent fro m th em a s th ey ever
w er e; theform er gl a dl y r aising wh erever po ssible a , ,
cu ie
p d a long with th e H ill D a m a r a s
,
or H a u kei n , ,
ind ep end ent dial ect and the wi de di stribut ion of th eir
nu mb ers m ak e it prob able th at th ey are a distinct
,
n t on o
a i f th e en
Hott to r c p erh ap s the rst of
t a e
th ese p eopl es who ent ered South ern Afric a from the
north and who aft erward wer e conqu ered and b eat en
,
l att er suppo sit ion woul d a ccount for the h atred still
exist ing b etw een the Bu sh m en and th e Hott entot s
prop er and agr ees w ith the tr a ditions am ong the
,
sa va g e b a rb a rism so m e
,
tim es living in holes in the
ground or in the bu sh es and yet h aving resist ed for
,
ries of th e colo ny .
a ti on s h a v e di s clo s ed a l s o th e i r e xi st enc e i n t h e di
g s
l atitud e .
trib es ar e bl a ck Mo at st at es th at n egro Sl a v es h av e
'
cana s et b e conclud ed on th i d i f
cult qu e t i on
y s s .
to feel gratitude .
q u a l a nd wh e
,
r e th er e ar e o nl yf eu r inh a b it a nt s to th e
s qu a r e m il e in ,
s qu a r e mi l es an d the n atur a l ,
, ,
g iv m
g th e fa c e a Mo ngol e xpr es si on but k e en a nd
su spi c iou s ; the no s e is v e ry bro a d and at the skin ,
inim it abl e
cas e,
u su al l y considered as pecul ia r to themost highl y o gani ed
r z
l ang ages
u .
Its few , a f nities a r ewith Coptic a nd
Semitic . The v ocabul ar y is l imited , a nd , as inChi
nese, many words appear to ha v ethe sam esou nd .
Th epr onouns ar e v e y n me
r u r ou s , a nd h a v e distinct
forms
s o as to produ cea Sharp, q u ick nois e . The l a ter a l is s o cal l ed from its
being mad eby thetongue,
inconunctionwith th e S id e (d ou bl e) teeth j .
H OTTENTOT L ANGUAGES . 3 07
co side n
r abl e nu mber Of co j unctions,
n a pa r t of speech ,
sa y s
th e s am e y
au th or it ,
gener al l y ver y d ecient in u ncu l tivated
l angu ages
.
e l on
s ro s
i
g itu
Thi s n be
only a v ery g en er al app ear anc e a s
ca ,
y ellow co m pl ex i on h a vi ng m igr a t ed to th e c e
,
ntr al r e
copp er color -
.
a s shown by Dr B arth a r e s om et i m e . s a l m o st bl a ck
,
loc al ity .
l e wi th fr iz z led an d ev en tr ight h ir nd r e g l r
p s a a a u a
brown w ith the low est n egro typ e and h air in tufts ,
as th e Hott e ntot s .
M d bba d e
. A
i a
s
n e n ent sa ue
m i n it who has had
el ev en y ea rs of exper ienc e am ong the r a c es of E a st ern
a s Oppo se in
d to his previ ous Op on th at color is in
i
m anend s .
sa m e fa m ily a s th a t wh i ch r st orig in a t ed
S em i i n
t ceg ro .
blood to th em selves .
art
,
th e a rt ic ia l c ivil iz a t ion a nd the Scienc e of
g e n ui t
y ar e not b e
,
h ind m or e fa vor ed r a c e s
.
312 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORL D .
Th i p e en
er t
r s ,
n
p i
tinen t of Afri c a h as b een a l m o st u ntouch ed
os ti o .
c ept O c eanic a .
O me
p n t of r a c e s an
,
d th e r e i s noth ing to Show th a t
14
PART SEVENTH
E T HN O L O G Y O F M O D E R N E U R OP E .
CHAP TER X X VI .
TURAN I AN S.
I. T HE F INN I C RACES
.
o nph y q e
si u
of cl im a t e food an d occup a t ion upon the
, ,
.
,
nd Lapp s
a ar s
, ,
di sgu sting .
T h d
c u
F
ic
i nnl a nd an d i n th e provi nc
,
es of Arch
be
tri s.
a ng el and Ol onetz Th ey numb er ov er a .
its school s and univ ersi ties a con sid er abl e d evelop ,
Gul f of Bothn ia .
.
,
s a ys th a t of al l th e l a ngu a g e
,
s of th is fa m ily th e F in ,
THE LAPP S .
E pe n
u ro a
th e r ei nd eer ar e typ e s of th e ir r esp ect i v e
nm d
Soc i al con di t i on s ; th eon eb ei ng a nevi denc e
o a s. O 0 Q
w and ering and b arb arou s life The h abit ation of the .
which healm o st entir ely d ep ends for sub sist enc e His .
on th e contr a ry he say s
,
n ev er k eep s him sel f in a
,
m ark to Um al a on th e G ul f of Bothnia
,
.
E th ni n s o a s.
r ia ne s an
,
d Veti a hs . The P ermi a n s occupy th e Ru s
sia n provi nc e of P erm an ,
d the Siri a nes th a t of V0
logda The Votiaks ar e m o stly found inthe govern
.
m ent of Vi a tk a .
m onum ent s .
im
t .
tiaks a nd Hung a r ia n s .
m o stly p ag an .
p ital it
y th ei
,
r re of f eel ing a n d r i chn ess of i m a gin a
m adi c origin .
1 7 99 .
of th e S e at of War p ,
.
O P VE
C M ARATI TAB LE. 323
324 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
P ul sz ky, in his
bl e a rt i cl es on th e Hung a rian a
g es .
l n
a g g
a ari a
ua e.
u enced by th em ; though th eir inu enc e
do es not u su all y ext end b eyond the n al syll abl e .
II . T HE TU RK S .
of.
th e Arct ic c ircl e .
i a n s ; or h e t a k es on an
r k '
r ia e s w ith S e rv
g
ignobl e phy siogno m y wh en h e i s h al f Bulg a ri an .
w ith poor gu r es ii
of t e Scythi a n
h bowlegged with h ea vy squ at gur e
, , ,
a rm s long sho ul d e
, rs round ed fa c e very bro a d and
,
.
i an s, a nd
oth ers who ar e of mix ed Tu rkish blood
, .
Ch n g
a d ype
t
e t
ion a s h as b efor e b een int im a t ed w ith
O m n
ethnologist s how far the ch a ng ed typ e of
of s a li .
Ci al l y i nthe Ci ti es i n a sm uch a s i t pr e v e nt s
S ele i n f
ct o o ,
m
Si
prop er c ar e and for esight but it of course
,
c assianblood .
wh ite a nc estors .
ng crossi
m a rriag e is w ith th e Sl av es ; b esid es this
s.
negro wi ve
s for the sake of the l arge famil ies .
( g
Bi l er
s Die Turkai,
eteet. Wien ,
328 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD
elu siv ely Turk ish town s bu t Turk s ar efound spr inkl ed
,
The r el a t i on s of the m ix ed Tu rk s ar e by no m ea n s ,
a m i c abl e tow a rd th e O sm a nl i .
G ve nn
o g which still both inEurop e and Africa form
r i , ,
TEE .
the rul ing cl a ss over v a st m ult itud es In .
9
Dr Haml inr ema rks on a commonphrase of the Tu rks inEuro e
p ,
.
as y
if the felt themsel es in v
tru ders , Wea r eonl y u ests 1 a nd et the g y y
v
ha e occu pied their Eu ropea nposs es sions, twice a s l on a s
g theAngl o
v
Americans ha e b ninAmerica e
e The grea t cau se of this feelin
.
g, is,
no doubt, their being ina minorit intheEuropean ossession
p y s.
THE B AS UES. Q 329
inth e ark !
It is c ert ain a t l east th at th is vigorous and orig
, ,
if
Thepoints of e viden efc or its Tu ranianafnities, a re thus s tated by
De Charence y.
(l ) A l ist of man y si mil ar words in Bas q
ue, and the
3 30 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
p arts of sp eech .
Tu ran ian l an ua e
g g , s is gi en.
( )2 Its p eculivar it of agg l u tina tion ( )
3 y .
Thedati e en dingvs in en ,
an d i ,
a r e fou nd in F in ni sh ,
L ap ,
a nd Tch er
emisse .
( )
5 L a, or ea , indi cating theend or direction,
is found in F in
nish .
( )
6 Th e Signof pl u ral is k, nd one d ial ect of the
as in Mag ya r, a
Lap .
( )
7 N o un s p o s s e ss as i n F in n ish anacti e an
,
d passi ete ,
rmi n a v v
tion (8 ) G a vr e
. n anending for ordinal ad ecti es, is found inga r of
,
j v
the Oelets ( )
9 T.h e p r o n ou n o f 2 d an d 3 d pe rs S in g i ndi e ,
i s t h e s a m e . .
a s in Tu rkish .
,
q
Thu s B as u e s era (thou a rt), d a (he is) ; Tu rkish
s i n
g i s
(thou a r t) d
ou r (h e i s ) ( ) 1 0 T h e co n u. g a ti on f o rm e d o f th e j
v
,
re unionof the participl e and the erb to be, is l ikethoseof theTu rkish .
( )
1 1 T he gr ea t n u m b e r o f o i c es n eg ati ve ca u s a t i e , p
o ten t ia
l v in,
th e v
v erbs is l ike theidioms of th e Ou ral peopl es ; al so the combin
,
a tionof
s ol u te
participl e, al so
'
th e co nfus ion of the conu n j
ctionwith the post
good ,
g iven by one word ; good and gr eat
a re
,
L n ge
,
g
a ua
at i on ,
word .
t ions a dverb s int erj ection s and even alph ab etic l ett ers
, ,
.
The nu m er at i on is fro m 2 0 to 2 0 .
as b e longing to th a t p eopl e .
i ie s a r e i n a rt h e r di t ry an i n p a rt pop u l a r T h
e d e
L
,p a ,
.
a re
. m a rkabl e i nd ep end enc e tow a rd th e Sp anish king s
. .
S in l
{ gu a r
b e e n th e tok en s o f s orrow t h ey h a v e Shown
itra ts.
for th e d ec ea sed th a t th e govern m ent h as ,
.
THE B AS QU ES . 333
whom ar e inF r a nc e .
A ve y
r singu l ar cu stom pr e a il s a m ov
n g t h em ,
w hi ch i s d ire ctl y
d e
v
ri ed from the a n cie nt Iberian, s a n d w hi c h , a cco r d in g to M i ch el h
, as
beenobs er ed a o
m v n th e
g T ata rs W h en .a chil d is b o rn ,
t h e m othe r as ,
s oonas Sh e is ab e, p oc
l r ee d s to th e u s u a l wo rk of th e h ou seho l d ,
wh il e
thehu sban d is in a l
st l ed in be d w ith t h e infa nt,
to r ecei e v
th e c om pl i
AR Y AN RAC E S OF EU R OPE .
I . THE L V
S A ON IC RACE 1
.
p eopl es .
of C e ntr al Asi a .
the Russia n .
(Ru ss i a p ,
A
.gr i cultur e th a t a borig in a l prop
, ,
ea ster n II th e Weste ,
f
r i a n ()
3 th e l l hyr i a n (or S e r b) co m pr ising t h e
S ervi ans , E vents a nd S l ovene .
()
3 th e .
Sp aniards .
15
338 THE RACES o nTHE OLD WORLD .
but with m uch gaiety and wit und er the surfa c e and
'
v ery fond of the song and the d anc e They are v ery .
THE S LAVONIC RACE. 339
ho spit able and polit e to stra ngers and shr ewd and ,
s aid to h v d
a e e a e gr d d t h e W hi t e R u ssi a n a n d to h a
, v e
xt
e i ng h
ui s e m d uch o f h i s v i t a l i ty a n d or ig i n a li ty ; h e
i s th e poor es t a n d m o s t d ej e ct e d o f t h e Ru s s i a n p ea s
a nt s an l
d i esv on th e m o s t unprod u ct i v e s o i l in t h e
,
country .
The nu m b er s of th e W hi t e Ru ssi a n s a r e g i v e n a s
, , , ,
would m ake th em r ea ch
The Cossa cks ar e con si d er ed now by the b est au
thor ities to be Grea t Ru ssi a n in r a c e
, ,
C k
though considerably m ixed w ith Littl e
ossac s .
Russian .
on e nat i on al a nd c u lt i v at ed l angu a g e .
a cco m pl ish e d .
a l so inHung ary a n
, d Russia .
th eB ul g a r ia n s .
ar e a l so m e t w ith inHung a ry .
W em
est
fr ont i er o f R u ssi a e xt e nd ing fro m th
,
e B ap
S m n
l a vo s.
tic to the C a rp ath i an s em br a c ing a port ion
a
()
2 T h e B oh em i ams or T eheeh s theinh ab it ant s of
B oh em ia and Mor a v i a .
l and ers who occupy them ount ain pl at eau from Schil d
,
emi gr a t ed from th em .
()
3 T h e l Ven d s of L u sa t i a num b ering,
only a bout
occupy a sm al l district around the towns
L ob au Neu salz Sprem b erg L ubb en and others
, , , ,
.
P hy w ,s
a r e pow e
a
r ful m en of m od e r a t e si z e W i th , ,
h ei
ar a ct r s tI cs
c
long axen h al f h a ngi ng over th el l fa ces ,
'
(SCHAF ARI K )
.
P r otes ta nts .
B u l g a ri a ns,
S erv i a n s, or
K roa ts ,
Ca r y nthia n
P o l es ,
B ohem ia ns
s,
a nd Mo
ns
r a v ia
Sl o v a k s i nth e nor th Of
L
Hu ng ar
u sa ti a n s or We
ynds
, . o
, ,
Up per ,
L wn .
u sa tia s , or Wends ,
L o er,
T o tal , I
THE S L AVO NIC RACES . 3 45
(SCHAF ARIK .
)
9
CHAP TE R X X VIII .
T H E A L B A N I A N S .
Ionia n and Adr iat ic seas included b etw een the 3 9th
,
P b bl y
ro a
tongu es though th e gr amm a r is undoubt ed
,
35313232
8
l y A ry a n Aft er m
. uch di s cu ssi on a nd in
my n ria s'
ve sti a tion the conclu si on h as b e en r e ch ed
g , a
of th e Gr k
ee s i nth e ir p en in sul a and a di st inct br a n ch
of the gr ea t Ary a n fa m ily Th ey a r e a ccord ingly to
.
Thr ou gh th e wh ol e cour s e of G r ecian History, from its
nd a eo
p p l e d is ti nct fr om th e G r eeks i nr ace and l a n u
g g ,
a e i n
h abiting th e northwestern side of th e cou ntr y , and extend ing
al o ng th eridges which bord er th es ea coast, or r u nparall el to it.
Th e y appea r v
to h a er each ed as far s ou th a s th eB ay of Am bra
for Scyl ax d eem s th is gu l f th enorth ernbou nd ary
w
cia, of G r eece
u po nth e west sid e, a nd y
Thu c d id es cal l s th e Amphil ochi, wh o
inh abited th eh il l s at th e h ea d Of i t, B arbar ians ; by this word
impl in y
g th at th e y spoke a l angu agediffer ent fr om th e G r eek .
foreigner s .
Of th e G r eek wor d s wh ich o ccu r in Al bania, a few h a e v
internal mar ks , as v
h a ing b een ad opted befor e th e corru ptio n
El em ents of
of th e l a ngu a g e; a l a rger pr opor tion a ffor d th e
g
l a n uage '
s am ee v iden e c of v
h a ing been takenfr om th e RO
La tinw or d s ar e two or thr ee times as num erou s as G r eek,
v
Epiru s pr o inces, especial l y the no r th er n, wh er e we after wa rd
nd m e of th eir d escend ants
so settl ed in q u iet posses si on of a
part of th e countr y .
p o
r v in e
c s of th e em pir e, d ur ing th e s e enth ,
eigh th , v a nd ninth
ce ntu ries Inth e tenth ce ntury, th e sam e r ace wa s s ettl ed at
cess ibl epar ts Of Epirus wer e occu pied by strang ers Of Scl av o
nian origin Until . th e l ast periods of th e G r eek Empir e, th e
ish eag er and a v ari ciou s but w ith m or e hon esty and
, ,
d a d Morocco N a pl es or Rom e
, , ,
.
tur e sheep w ith the sam e blood inth eir veins as tho se
,
pl ain them yst eri ous c au ses wh ich gra du ally brok e the
pow er and dwindl ed the gem u s and ch ang ed the ,
h n
c a ged th e woody s alubrious w ell w at er ed g enial
, ,
-
,
an d the Gr eek .
of Ar ca dia and th e
ea sternpart of Ach a ia . InLaconi a , th e i n y
h abit th e sl opes of
ar ch of Ha drian .
Th ey ca n be d istingu ish ed
by th eir thi ck body ,
, ,
p astoral p eopl e .
ca r es.
took a prom inent p art inth e r evol u tion and now con ,
p roport i on i t i,
s di fcult to s a
y .
333223
1 th e c it ies F or six c enturies from the
.
,
6 3 0 11
G ee e
r c .
ninth to th e ft eenth succ essi ve w a ves of ,
inthe town s .
h aus by the Sl avic Bulg arian s and the Alb ani ans
, .
T HE R OM AN IC OR L ATIN RAC ES .
(1 ) T HE WALL ACHS .
r c
a e i s cro ssed no doubt a s is th eir l angu ag e with
noun .
m uch so ft en ed .
(2 ) T HE L
ITA IANS .
of P ie dmont L om b a r dy P a rm a Mod en a, , , ,
Rimini .
, ,
16
3 62 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
el eg ant a nd e eminate
'
sup er ior o n
e in cour g e
,
a a nd c ap a city to
,
the upp er
cl ass
.
S i ci l y S a r d i ni a a nd Cor si ca show tr a c es of th e
, ,
ta tionand solitud e .
earliest th at we h ea r
Etrusc an s is Of th eir cities
of th e
Even the L ongob ards did not m ingl e m uch w ith the
North It alian s and one evidenc e is the com p ar at ively
,
l ittl e a pp ea r a nc e ow o th er pec
f i u l i a r featur e th e
m an wh il e m a ny ar e old er th a n th e L at in Th e
,
.
tonic inva sions and the imm ens e introduc tion of for
eignsl a v es .
(3 ) T HE P
S AN IARDS .
m ay d a t e b a ck ev en to th e 6th c entury .
f m L w
ro a
d et ail s of the alt er at ion s we m ay say th at
,
p erm an ent union b etw een the two fam ilies so oppo sed ,
to be b el ieved .
whi ch was the dial ect of the m ount ains whith er the
Gothi c l ea ders took r efug e from the Moor is still dis ,
, ,
ed m e tra c tO
th e pr ecise im ag e of th e anc ient I ber i a n
c
In his att a chm ent to r eligious ext ern ali sm and kingly
pow er he is Rom an ; inhis tough individu al ism and
,
p eopl es .
T h G a l l i ci a n i n th e northw e st corn e r of th e
()
2 e ,
n
.
e d ne vi e c s
di ou s vi ndictive a nd sull en
,
Th e burning su n h as .
a nc e stor s th e ,
y are very fond of spirituous liquo rs and
rich m eat s .
a e
r two v ill a g es now i n Sp a i n Vill a S ec a and Var
g as th e for m e r of wh i ch i s inh a b it ed by a d a rk com -
e
Of ra c
r ul ed by m ilita ry l ea d er s th eir fondn ess for
.
Teuton s whil e th eir wond erful t al ent for org a niz at ion
,
with al l thi s and m uch m orewh ich m ight ing eniou sly
,
t est abl e tra c es of both the G erma nic and L atin ele
T HE FRENCH . 373
Di l e a cts
by the Northm en .
Teutoni c F r ench Th ey
r em ark abl e for th eir
. ar e
T W Kelti
n a rro w for e h ead no se cur ved do wnw a rd ,
typ O
es
an
c
it
To this, h owe er, there v
re m a ny exceptions (
aS ee Arnd t ) . .
Many Sa xon col onies were s ettl ed on the coas t of B rittany which ma y ,
v
ha ea ided sometimes inpreser in g the bl ond etra itv
s a mong th epeo l
pe .
THE FRENCH . 375
pw m e
th e r em ain s of Ro m a n a rch it ectur e and of
v s'
g ian s.
l
T HE HEL T S.
f or d,
or co mbe or
,
w a y a nd w y e .
378 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
in g W al e s s
,
p ea k a di a l ect u ni nt ell ig i bl e to th e
G a el s ; Whil e the Scotch and Irish G a el s can under
st and ea ch oth e r The K elt s of Cum b erl and ar e
.
(t h e Ir is h ) i n A m er i c a a r e no doubt th e e ,
ffe ct s i n ,
l o Am e ri c a n or pur e G e r m a n on Am e r i
g
-
wi t h
ca n s o il Th er e i s som eth ing inthe K elt s
Teu tom c
.
, _ .
THE S CAN DINA VIAN S . 379
port ion of the Highl and ers of Scotl and a lon e corre
spon d to the ancient typ e .
T HE TEUT O N I C F AM I L Y .
V
( I) SCANDI N A IAN S .
(2 ) G ERMAN S .
(3 ) DUTCH .
(4 ) EN G LISH .
as th e m ar it im e pop ul a t i o nof F a nc e To th em m ay
p .
T h G rm a n T h l ngu g f G r m ny
()
2 e e s e a a . es o e a
o
9
v
The l inewhich d i id es the High German from the Low German
dial ects, is thu s minu tel yd ra wn by Stricker . v
It l ea es the F rench ter
ritory near Aix, and fol l ows the P russia nfrontier to the neighborhood
of Roe rmon d e ontheMaa s thentu rn
,
s to thewe st an d cr oss es the Rhine ,
north of Dii ssseldorf runs al ong its right ba nk near the s trea m to i ts
,
m onth thentu rn
,
s n orth of the ri e r, a n v
d pas s es pa ral l el to it onthe
m ou nta ins and thenn
,
orth of the Edd er to be tweenMun d ena n d Kass el .
berg a nd thenorthernfron
tier Of theSl avic Lausitz .
THE G ERMAN S. 3 81
Moz art .
Sl avonian s .
,
-
,
-
of r m st a unch a n
.
d g eni al ch ar a ct er hold ,
G erm any the d esc end ant s of the Thu r i ngi a ns and
Ea st F r a nks O n the Elb e and inthe B oh em ian for
.
z erl a nd .
The B u rgu nd i a ns m ak e up lo
a s a portion of th e
Swiss p eople .
Wh eth er the ch ang e from the old typ eis altog eth er
du e to the ch ang e of cl im at e and m od es of life or ,
sid e s of the oc e an .
()
3 A noth er br a nch of t h e T euton i c r a c e a r e th e,
e
north rn prov nc es th ose o Holl and are m ore
i f
bold w ere the rst to a ssa ult and d efy the roy al
,
a dd s th e South e
,
rn K elt s fell aw ay from the l eague ,
an d Austrian .
, r
d l ects
tw een the Zuyd erz ee and the Meuse; the a
a t the east of th e Zu de
y rz ee w h enc e i t prolo
,
ng s it s el f
to Jutl and .
(4) THE L
EN G ISH RACE .
conqu est and immigr at ion with inc essant mi xtur e and
,
bi gbhi
rl r S
l sl ight exc e
-
ptions w elded the English popu ,
a i i o n m a a n
l t on nto e c o p ct d ho og en eous whol e a
m
th e K elt s i t is not n ec e
, ssa ry for our pr e sent purpo se
to inquir e nor farth er wh eth er th e ancient P ict s w ere
, ,
the m id dl e o t e 6t
f h h th ere wa s a con st ant str eam
of G erm a n trib e s from th e w e st ern co a st s of G erm any
b etw een Hol st ein and the Rhin e to th is fert il e i sl a nd
,
S axons and r epr esent ing two grea t bra nch es of the
,
S axon fam ily the Friso S axon and the Anglo S axon
- -
.
K m e c
to h a v e un it ed clo s ely on B r itish so il The .
el em en ts
early K elt s w er e eith er ext ermi n at ed by
.
Don aldson
Th e s tou test a ss er ter of a pur e Angl o Sa xonor Norm an d e
-
th at s u ch a s s ertio ns are ba l d er d as h a nd a sh a m (W ba ld or dd us , .
1 '
Ca rt may beof Gothi c origi n.
THE EN G IS H. L 3 89
gr idd l e
th e l a st of wh ich ha s p ass e
,
d to Am e r i c a
,
v
ta intha t th e few we ha e d eri ed fr om th e d istant Ar abic v are
a way an
,
d y et l ea ve r el ic s m or e p erm anent th a n m on
u me nts a nd m ore dist inct th a n sculptur ed inscrip
t ion s in the n ames it depo sit s of m ount ains rivers
, ,
an d town s .
w a t er an wh r d not ro d or p g
( ) d,f or d ( e e it e e s a a a ssa e ,
G e g ph i l
o ra v ariou s p arts of Engl an d The rivers b ear
ca .
nm a es 1 11
K el w t ing n am es i ncase a we a nd ou se ar e thought , , ,
of w a t er s
ar e K eltic Num erou s oth er K cl tic end
,
.
s ai d th a t the evi d e
,
nc es of n am es Show the occup ancy
of th e north e rn and east ern counties of Engl and by
Angl es and of the south ern a nd w est ern by S a xon s
, .
Te t n i
u o an d wor th ar e S a xon ; but ev en n ea r the
c
,
n mea s
o f pl e ac s
Th am es b eco m e m ingl ed w ith Scandina
,
an h u h ar e Sc andi n a v ia n Th l tt r
f orc e d a g ,
es e a e ar e .
The D anish en di ng by pl a c e or is
esp ecially found in Lincoln sh ir e L ei c est er sh ir e Der , ,
b erl and and in the southw est p art of Scotl and and
,
p l e
. But th e y at l e a st r e n d er i t prob a bl e th a t th e ,
r a c einthe d i al ect .
th e form er s ay ing t i d e
nd th e
ggRl fqp p a rr r g s a
E
t s
-
a
,
uo a
g a te for g at e .
sh ir e a r e a l s o foun d strong tr a c e
, s of th e F ri si a n blood .
Hi t i l
s or ca y
na m e s
.
, ,
N ew d ors or s
in g s ,
i s a Sc a ndi n av i a n l eg a cy .
n eets the north of Engl and dial ect s and the Scotch is
- -
ors
m bl n rese ces.
grou nd upon the ridg e a s in Norway
, ,
a
th e pro m ontory
.
17 ii
3 94 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
p en d en ce a nd th ei r h a tr ed of oppr ess i on .
N ors e
bl a nc e to th e a nc ie nt s word d a nc e; th e Ol d -
m
cu s to s.
Norse wr estling m atch es are still k ept up
-
s m d dy
i for sm i thy ; a nd o f ch a n d s h i nto k a s k u r n
for churn shift for sh ift kir k for church
, , (Th e s am e .
ch ange al so of f to p a s o se , p f or Jo s eph S nd n v i n i
phras e s
ca a a
( N . l p
o t for lo ft : al l th e
) s e ar e Nor se pr a e
orch ard cwu m a nfor com e cwor nfor corn is esp ecially
, , ,
a
It is ch ara ct eristic of thevigorous Northm en th at a ,
, g l a m l e
,
a th er ,
countie s of En l a nd c e nt u ri e
g s a o
g .
India .
N meW m
o
word s to thi s d ay
,
as
p ok n et (Ic el a nd i c
p c ,
ins u n d
ka n et) l i ster (I aa ei n Nor
co a
g h g (
te )
'
,
o s r .
,
.
Its gr t
ea es t p cul
e ia i r ty h
t e po st x its n eg a tiv ei kke
-
gu ag e .
an im l
d s p , e i t is tru e
y et s u ch a s was th eir l ife . Here, eigh t
to Od ins
comm a nd, set u p th e r u d e ba u ta to his d epa rted friend.
Th e stone i s gone and th er e i s a bu s y town b ,
ut th e m em o
an
em k
d thes outh of Engl a nd ar e d ist inguish ed ra c a s'
'
oval fa ce; as if the Kcl tic and the Rom an fea tur es
predomi n ated As we proc eed north inNorthumb er
.
,
are not v e ry t all inst atur e but are usu ally m or e com ,
3 98 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
En l h
g is th e shr ewdn ess a n d skill in t echn i c al l a w
e
q u a l i ti s
o fb l oo
d o
th e fondn ess for w a ssail and w in e; the
,
.
Si d e of th e Engl ish ch a r a ct er a n
,
d wh ich equ ally di s
tin g u ished th e F r isi a n of Holl a nd .
cont a ct .
of the Ro m a n r a c e i s linke
,
d a long ch ai n of exclu
s ion s of priestcr a ft a nd tyr a nny and c entr a l iz ed gov
ernm en t who se goo d effect ha s not yet c eased to be
,
felt
.
CHAP TER XXX I .
THE G YPSIES .
anie
g
M . de Gob in ea u ,
who has ex amined the con di tion
of the Gyp si e s of P ersia conclud es th at the whol e
,
ali k e
t awny in com pl exi on with bl a ck h air qui ck , ,
,
Phy iq e
,
s u
n low r n rro outh w th
.
j ec ti g e j a w a w m , i ne ,
8 2,
4 04 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
a ua .
G E N E RA L Q U E S TI O N S IN E T HN O L o a Y .
CHAPTER XXXII .
T HE AN TI QU IT Y OF MAN .
of r a c es a s to tr a c e th em as th ey a pp ea r in hu m a n
hi story Still inconsidering the subj ect s of theUnity
.
,
d ark .
re ctl y tr ea t ed i nth e m .
of hu m a n r a c e s al l as d ist inct a s th e
,
y are at the pr es
primi tive and b arb arou s era The earl i est history of
.
hi s r a c e for di st a nt d ays .
to thirty feet inthi ckn ess From the rem ains of tr ees .
v iou sl
y m ent i on e d T he. early v e g et a t ion long b e for e ,
an d
th ere is nothing says Sir Ch arl es Lyell in
, ,
p hy sic a l ch ang e s as we
,
ll a s for tho se of the for est
ing s) .
18
410 THE RACES OF THE OLD W ORL D .
t s w erefound with ,
d ings,
a s th e Y orkshi r em en yet say) of prim eva l
oyst er supp ers on the or ds and b ays of the B altic
-
a n ea rly fa un a a n d or a .
princip ally in S eel and along the Iseor d the isl a nds
, ,
of F e
y n ,
Mo en and,
S a m soe a nd i n Jutl a nd S im,
il ar .
for ent fro m tho se ordi n a rily found in a nci ent Euro
p ean m ounds m ore l ik e says Mr Worsaa e theim pl e
, ,
.
,
s cr ib d
e a bov e or prob ably at l east
y ea r s sinc e .
enc e of a vill ag e in th e l a k e a t so m e a n ,
as ,
a ccordin g to H erodotus di d the P aeon ians of ,
b arb arou s trib es do now Th ese dis cov eries a rou sed .
rep se
r e nted by s om e l a ye rs o r bed s o f r eed s , s tr a w , a nd ba rk .
tr ophies of th e ch a s e, th e l ar g e sta g h or ns -
a nd Sku l l s of wil d
bu l l s wh ich a d or ned th e wa l l s al l th es e differ ent Ob je t c s, m in
g ed togeth er inth e min
l d, a re nothing el se but th e a nci ent fur~
L AK E HAB ITATIONS
-
. 413
h u nd red ca bi v
ns ; we cane enm eas u r e, ins om e ca s es, th e diam
wa s m o em entv a nd cl am or ; th e s m oke cu rl ed a v
bo ethe r oofs ;
th e popu l a ce bustl ed nth e pl a tfo rm s ; th e canoes pa ssed and
u po
It is in G erm a n
S witz erland th a t the oldest of ,
'
p il es ar e u sed .
st a k es whi ch w er e d riv e
,
n d eep within them u d ; con
struct ed c a no e s ; tr e nch ed the m ain l and to prot ect
th eir dom estic a nim al s ; r ear ed tu mu l i and m enu
m ent s ; hunt ed sh ed and c arried on war ; and ev en
, ,
tery m a d e by h and
,
B esi d e th ese m at s of h em p and
.
,
,
.
the el k th e roe th e Ch am o is an
, ,
d w ild b irds Th ey ,
.
LAKE P EOP LES-
.
ate,
a slo ,
nuts of th e p in e and theb eech thewal
the ,
a ppl e th e p ea r a n
,
d the pl u m and storing th eir fr u it ,
f und
o a ,
r
p go r ess o f th e al l u i um . v Thi s point exists inth e v al l ey of th e
th er e i s fou nd no v e tige
s of Roman a nti q u ities ; a nd we m ay
th ence concl u d eth at at th e comm encem ent of ou r er a , th e Sh or e
of the l ak e a ppr oa ch ed m u ch m or e nearl y to th e foot of th e
histor y .
( es h abitations La cu s tres
D . M Tr oy on)
. .
Sh l d eq i e n dditi n f i ty en
ou r u r l i e f the g wth f
a a o o s x c ur s or ro o
,
o
*
18
418 THE RACES OF THE OLD W ORLD .
p alisad ebuil di ng s
-
Two sp eci es of c a ttl e b elong
.
,
th e R os p r i m i geni u s a nd R . tr ochocer os ,
but l ittl eu sed The sam ewild a nim al s which inh abit
.
,
st a g Ce
( r eus el a
p hu s
) was th e fa v o r i t e food a nd g a m e
of tho s e ea rly hunt e rs Thi s anim al with the au er
.
,
th eir hut s .
whi ch com m enc ed with the m amm oth the rhinoc ero s , ,
th e c a v e b ea r a nd th e fo ssil hyena
,
.
n
r a r
l y to th e in
now, th anks on a cces sibil ity and i cl em ency of th e
m ountainou s regio ns which th e i n y
h abit . Th e gr a d u al pr ocess
Th is fa un a is
d istinguish ed th en from the present
by the po ssession of the u rns the b ison the el k the , , ,
th e r oe, a nd
d iffers from th at of the drift era ,
c a v e b ear a nd the c a ve hy en a
,
.
Em f o
'
th e el eph a nt a nd t h e rh i noc e ro s i nto w a rm er
I l b 1d e
cli m at es ; and drove the m arm ot and the
- 1 rs
l il i y p a r ed w ith th e a e Of e x i st ing sp e c i es of
gpg p g
i t
gg
ro
t e s il
mm
pl ant s and anim al s or with the op ening of ,
Ma n
It is true th a t inv a rious p arts of the world ,
slowly a ct ing ag e
-
ncies of d estruction fro m whi ch m an ,
We h a v e r eason to b e
The fol l owing is, in a co nd ensed form , the s u cces sio n of the
M np b bl y
a
g
ro
enc ea
would en a bl e him to e sc a p e the fa t e
e pn
of th e a n im al s th a t w e re subm erg ed ; or
sca g i .
v
l e el, perha ps mu ch higher, ll ing u p theEn gl ish cha nnels a nd mu ch of
the oceann ear b y (2 ) A P er i od of s u bmergence and of oa ting ice,
.
by which thel and north of the Thames an d theB ristol Chan nel and that
of y
Ireland wa s gr a du al l r edu ced to anar chipelag o ( )
3 A s econd Con .
Europe wereina ction Nea r the cl ose of this period was probabl y the
.
as t cha n
mamm oth ( )
4 The .l ge compris ed the breaking u p of the
l a nd of the B ritish area in to num erou s i sl ands, en din g in the presen t
o rd e r of thin s
g .
i t
We shoul d bea n m nd that the Q uaternary or Dil u ian P eriod
r i i
v ,
v
howe er a ncient inpoin t of tim e has n o cl e arl y d istin u ishin l in
, g g e of
sepa ratio nfrom the present period . The g rea t d iffer ence l ies i nthe ex
tinctionof certa inspecies o f nimal s, which l i ed then, whos ed estru ction
a v
ma y be d u eboth to gr a d ual cha nges of cl ima te and to m an P ICTET . .
THE AN TI QUITY OF MAN . 423
9
. y
Sir C L ell , inhis r emarks before theB ritish Ass ociationin1 8 5 9 ,
s a id u pon the d isco er a l l u de v y
d to here:
I a m rem inded of a l a rge
In dianm ou nd which I s aw inSt Simons Isl and inGeorgia , a moun d ten
.
bon es
. A thenceu m, September 2 4 1 8 5 9 ,
.
4 2 4: THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
st a g ox hor s e a n
, ,
d oth er s ,
.
, ,
-
two hundred feet above the l evel of the sea ina coun ,
r- cl i s , besides being co v e ed
r by a
r em a rks :
m amm al ia cou l d v
h a ebeenwa sh ed ou t of a nol der al l u v i um into
a newer one a nd ,
so red epos ited a nd m ingl ed with th e r elics of
h u m a nw orkm a nship . F a r fetch ed
-
as wa s th is hy poth esis , I am
i nfor m ed th at i t wou l d not ,
if gra n v
ted , h a e s er iou s l y sh ake n
th e pr oof of th e high a ntiqu ity of h um an prod u ctions ; for th a t
y
Charl es L ell , we sh oul d stil l v
h a e to al l o w time for gr eat d e o
426 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
v
Th e mere ol um e of th e d rift at ariou s h eigh ts, woul d al one v
su fceto d em onstr ate a va st l apse of time d ur ing wh ich su ch
l y
of the a e s o r f lo a m w ith fr esh w a t er sh e l l s ov e
-
rl ay ing
the gr a v el .
a rrow h e a ds ;-
so m e a r e po int ed a n d with
hollow ed b ases as if for spea r h ea ds varyi ng from four
,
-
g v
ra e s ,
wh il e no s u ch corre spon d ence is tra cea bl ebe tw ee n thel a tter a n d
thes til l ol der man d weapon s intheu n d erl yin reHis
u fa ctu re g d rift (P .
-
toric Man ,
v ol 1, p . .
THE ANTI UIT Q Y OF MAN . 429
,
Obj e n cti o s.
inl a t er p eriod s .
p osition and the great depth at wh ich the h atch ets are
,
should be r e m em b er ed th at no bo nes a r e Ab n f s e ce o
h mm b e
easy pr eserv ed unl ess th ey ar e bur ed n
0 S
c
o
i i
,
purpo ses .
th at
Instead Of its b eing part of th e pl an Of nature to s tor e u p
ar eas y
l ing abo ea nd bel o wvth ewa ters
,
of th ose m yriads of solid
sk el eto nimal s , and th ose m assive trunks of trees which
ns of a ,
O f carbo nic and oth er acid s, th e grind ing teeth j uices a nd g astric
of q u a dr upeds, birds, reptil es and h and th e a gen
,
scy of m a n
,
y
of th e inver tebrata . We a e al l famil ia with th e efcacy of
r r
work of a rt v
e enafter cou nting tens of thou sands of shell s a nd
z o oph ytes , col l ected ona coa st l ine of several h undr ed mil es in
extent, wh ere th e y ofte n appr oa ch ed within l ess th an h al f a
of a ny a ni m a l a s s ma l l a s m a n ev en th e sm all bon es
of a l rg e a nim a ls h aving al l d isa pp ear ed .
M L mp
b een conduct ed m a spot wh i ch wa s a bov e
d
a
i sco ve s
r i es .
the r ea ch of th e ord in a ry i nund at ion s of th e
Ann cl es Sc Na t 4 m e Serie,
. . . tome 1 5 . Nat . Hist Rev
. .
,
Ja n .
1 8 62 .
THE ANTI UIT Q Y OF MAN . 433
( U r su s s p e l e
c us
) R e m a in
. s w er e a l s o f ou nd s.
19
4 34 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
fo ssil bear , the hyaen a , wolf fox and oth ers and
cat, , , ,
The conclusion th en in p al a ,
eontology which
, ,
in g fro m th e r em a in s of th at a n im al h av e b een p r i or
drift which lls the valleys of the Pyr enees has not it ,
a nc ie f m n
nt tra ces o a a e d scovered such as the d e
r i
r ites of burial , nd
a ,
ca s tr e
) w i th d
,
el i c a t e sh ell s th e r edd ish drift (d i l u ,
s o il a bov e
*
.
v
has m a d e a Simil a r d isco ery at Giory, M Gosse a t Gren ell e, and MM . .
In a l i e ge ca ve r n n ea r the M e u se Sir Ch a rl e s ,
st a l a gm it e three fr a g m e
,
nt s of a h um an skull and two ,
singl e sku l l of this e xtra ordin ary typ eha s b een found
n
it m ay h a v e b een an a b orm a l in st a nc e th e skull of
a cr t in or a ni di ot To di sturb a ny cond ent conclu
.
w ith the rem ain s of the el eph ant rh inoc ero s b ear , , ,
B r ia n a m ca ve
/ The following w er e th e d epo sit s
.
()
1 A t th e tOp a l ay er of s t a l a gm i t e v a ry i ng in thi ck
,
feet th ick .
()
3 A t th e botto m g r av e l w i th
,
m a ny ,
st a l a gm it e a n
,
d a noth er entire l eft h ind l eg in clo se -
C Lyell (p ag e
. th at the b ea r l ived a ft er the int
tool s Wer e m anu fa ctured ; or inoth er words th at m an
inthis d istri ct pr ec ed ed th e c a v eb ea r -
.
THE Q
ANTI UIT Y OF M AN . 439
O ther in st nc es
a m ight be given hum an bon es
of
LYELL .
p eri od of the ext inct mamm oth and the fo ssil b ear ,
ria n th a n the low est of the pr esent inh abit ant s of the
world ? or a s seem s m ore prob abl e w ere th ese m ys
, ,
As s ay s Sir Tho m a s B ro wn e
Th e greater pa r t m u st be co ntent to be a s th ou gh th e h a d y
not been: to be fou nd inth er egister of G od , not in th er ecord s
Of m en. Th e nu mb er of th e d ea d l ong ex ceed eth al l th at sh al l
v
li e . Th e Nigh t of Time far s u rpa s seth th e Day, a nd wh o
knoweth th e E q nox ?
ui
v
A portionof the abo e Chapter was publ ished by theauthor inthe
December Atl antic, 1 8 62
.
CHAP TER XXXIII .
*
19
44 2 THE RACES or THE OLD WORLD .
origin to m ankind .
p v n g
a ua o ,
'
ni y
ro i
u t
thou gh p ointing tod
.
it *
Cl assic ation .
q
The u estion of the origin a l in depen den ce of d iffe re nt groups of
l an gu ages is n ot the n a s simpl e as it a ppeared a t rst It a dmits de .
g r ee s : fa mil ies o f l a n u a e
g g , pp a a re n t l y iso l a ted ,
h a e b e e n a b l e vto h a e v
fru itful con ta cts at a nepoch whe n they wereyet su sceptibl eof r eform
in g themsel ves On e can
. not too careful l y d istingu ish whenthere is a ,
q ue s tionof l an ua e
g g , s th e e m bry o n ic s ta te d u r in g w hi ch
,
a cc i d e nts, i n
Theembryon ic s ta te of l an ua
g g es co u l d ha e l a ste d e v v
ry l ittl etime bu t ,
p ofou
r nd traces.
UN IT Y OR DI VERSIT Y OF OR G N I I . 44 3
rem a rk ed
v
ti eonth e gr ound th at we canr a r el y t acea
r pa ss agefr om th e
a
wa nt of r e ectiononth e l aws which go ernth er ecording v as
r ies, v
h as gi en r ise to s uch migh ty r ev ol utions i nth e forms of
a cce nt, r
p o nu nciation, or spell i ng, or th e intr od u ction of s om e
v
which no nati eter m pr ecisel y con ey ed th e impor t He m ay v .
Sl a ng phr as es , which h a e Si n v
ce for ced th eir wa y into co mm on
u s e, i nspite Of th eefforts Of the purist . B ut h e may stil l co n
tend th a t,
with in th e r a nge of h is experience,
his l a ngu a ge
h as co ntinu ed u nch anged ,
n d h e m ay b el ie einits immu tabil ity
a v
i n spite of m inor v a r i ations Th e r eal
. uestion,
q
h owe er, a t v
i ssu e i s , Wh ether th er e ar e a ny l imits to this v ar i abili t y . He
wil l nd o v
n furth er in estigation th a t new technical , terms ar e
Wld h
,
(Ant . of Man, p .
l a n gu age s
fro m th e m ono syll a b i c con di ti on to the
o o
growth .
v
?
If Lepsiu s
s theor y Shou l d v
be eried that Chinese wa s nal l y a
or igi
yy
pol s l l abic l a ngu age, Since d egra ded to a monosyl l a bic, this ins ta nce
the gl u tin
ag
g v
a ti e s ta e in hu m an l an ua e
g g .
(See Abband . d . Ke
n.
Ak a d , B erlin,
. Lepsius , etcet .
THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
Ca str e
n st a t es a s we h a v e m ent ion ed b efore
th at wh ile the lit er ary l angu ag e show s no pronom
in al afxes wh eth er subj ect ive or pr edi c at iv e th a t
, ,
o ne
The ch ang e or gr a d a tion from the agglutin at iv e to
th e in ec tional , is b eliev ed to be seen inv a ri ou s l an
Ch ngefr o m
a
gu ag es T hu s
. s ays M u
,
l l er S uch h as ,
6 m m
b een the a dva nc e th at the Turkish has
m a d e tow a rd in ectional form s th a t Pro fessor Ew ald
,
I
() N o th i ng necessitates th e a dmissionof d ifferent ind epend
s u mm mg p
nce th eir rst
si n (1 1) Nothing necessi
i
'
sepa r a t o .
s peech
; n d th ou a
gh i t i s imp os sibl e to d er i e th e Ary ansy stem v
of gramm ar from th e Se mitic, or the Sem itic from theAry an,
44 8 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
d enc e for comm unity of d esc ent right a cro ss the lin es
of phy siolog ic a l divi si on s has don e v ery m uch to ,
Th er e a r e two gr ea t fa ct s or l a w s applying to al l
org anic n atur e which m u st be thought ful ly consid
,
p 431
. .
l es ca ra cteres nou e v
au x d e l e spe ce s on t pou r ai n
si dire l a r e s u l ta n
, ,te ,
v ell es circonstances amb ian tes ; l au tre, con serva tri ce d u type
,
est l a
UN IT Y OR DI ERSIT V Y OF ORIGIN . 44 9
det ermi nes the r esult But the a ttr a ction to its own.
ten ad n e h dit i ea ep d i e de me
c r a r me r tee d eg n
ro u r ti n s s cara c r s ra o
ne
eng e ration.
4 50 . THE RACES or THE OLD WORL D .
A Gray
. wh en the p ar ent has no salient in di vidu al
,
t ag es p erish,
.
Pfhen mmen n
o
.
t end s to sp or t or as i t w e
o
r e to pl a y off into
,
or t
new d evi at i on s It i s loo sed a s i t w er e
S
p g 0 0
g
.
sp ec ie T h y m d v i at e e v n m or ing u l arly
s
) . e a
y e e e s ,
I
() th a t a
p r i or i w e Should e xp ect m a n to v a ry ; ( )II
th at he pr esent s no gr eat er va riet ies th a n do an im a ls
who ar e known to be of one origin ; (III) th a t the
S em en ,
ta t
mt
e o
m b er s Of a w e ll m ark ed r a c e of m e n
1e
t1 m ent
di ffer am ong th em selves a s m u ch a s som eof
o'
a r u o
f ggzm
c ircum st a nc es If farth er we suppo se this
.
, y r t
f
g er wh en d evelop ed to be inspir ed w th
m ,
i n va l ia tio .
u al it th a n for a n oth e r a n im a l
y y .
m
coll ect e
as
fies
r
l -
d insu pport of thi s point by Isidore
St Hil air e Roulin Pri ch a rd De S all es and oth ers
.
, , , ,
Am eri c a we h av e al r ea dy spok en
'
,
Som e h a ve a c
I
.
It is perfectl
d em ons tra te y
d , s ays Dr
. Hol l ar d ,
that al l ou r
r a ces Of d ome stic pigs , with the ir differ ence of Siz e, form , s ki n, col or,
Shee p u nd,
er di ffer ent c i rcu m st a nc es h a v e pro ,
g e n er a tions ,
the ch ar a cteristics Of the wil d t
pe; the bristl es becom e y
s tiff, a s ort of wool l skind e ey l ops itsel f u n v
der them, the na tu ral col or
rea ppea rs , the d efences lengthenand increase; the sku l l its elf, which , in
th e d om estic sta te, is h ma rkabl
re y
g t, r etakes this l ower li ne Of pro
stra i
breeding .
T h e hor s e s ,
a ccord i ng to M Ro ul in tr
. a nsport ed to ,
of h a ir a
,
n d h a v e ch a ng e d to a n a l m o st u ni for m b a
y
color .
i n L orr a in e,
f o r i n st a nc e a n d tr a n s
,
port e d o ne to F l a n
d ers a nd the oth er to Nor andy aft er thr ee years
,
m
,
H ere food is prob ably the esp ecial c ause of varia tion
,
.
20
4 58 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
tral ia h a s the a pp ea r a nc e of a wo
,
Am ong b ird s ,
th e bu l l nch , c cord ing to St
a .
p eci al l
y h em p s e ed .
a n im al s who se or ig in we kn
,
ow .
li arities
. We know th at al l th ese v arious ra c es
woolly an d h ry Short l egg ed and long l egg ed
a i - -
wa y d isput ed .
4 60 THE RACES or THE OLD WORLD .
G d i n
ra at o r ie
s nced ob server inAfri c a M d Abba die
.
*
in m n
hu a
v i
ari et es . could d ecl a r e th a t a fter thi rt een y ea r s
,
a n im al s con fe s se
,
dl y of one stock and found th a t th eir
,
Dr B achm an s view s
.
Of th is subj ect a re worth
quot ing infull He sa ys : .
Unity etcet p . .
th e actionof th el un s
g , or th r ou gh a nimpressiononth e skin, i s
q u ite i mm aterial . If th e organ be i n a ny m anner enfeebl ed i n
,
a p
u ch ci rcu m s tances th er e a r i ses a tend enc y fo r its a ccu mu l a tio n
s ,
v
I belie e, th erefor e, th at th e col orationof th eskin,
wh a te er v
th e particu l ar tint m ay be, ta wn y yell ow
-
,
Ol iv e r e
-
d, or bl a ck , i s
v
tion, m ay gi e r ise to m an d ifferent tiny
ts, i s s ubsta ntiated by
th e col or s exhibited by ecch y m os es .
nessed ev en a t th e pr esent d ay M d Ab . .
, ,
a l m o st bl a ck .
ci al l
y i n Sh eep .
B o m b ay a nd in F lor es a nd Tim or th ey ar e al m o st
, ,
a l l wool ,
an d d o es not d iffer fro m th e h a ir of th e
whit e ra c es exc ept in b eing m ore crisp ed and m or e
, ,
Y
UN IT OR DI VERSITY OF ORIGIN . 4 65
Sk ul l
,
tho u gh l ess th an the Europ ean is with in one ,
*
20
4 66 THE RACES or THE OLD WORLD .
Am eric a ns ,
of Mongol s of N e gro es , ,
of M al a s
y ,
i t i s not sm a ll er th an the a v er ag e of E ur op ea n r a c es .
inches ; Ma l a , 8 5 ; Ney
gr o, 8 3 ; Mongol , 8 2 ; Ancient Eg ptian ,
8 0; y
Am erican, 7 9 . The ancient P er u ia ns v a nd Mexicans who , n
co stru cted
so el aboratea ci vil i
z a tio n, Show a capacit y o l y of from 7 5
n to 7 9 inches.
UN IT Y OR DI VERS TY I or ORIGIN . 4 67
()
6 T h e i nt ern al structur e of th e br a in show s th e
,
.
portion ally .
re t
H m n ,
v n curvatur e of the l egs and the h eel s the
u a
a ri a ti o s.
so gr ea t a s a r e se en in m a ny an im al s of the sam e
stock .
a n hu m a n p ecul ia rit ie s
y .
Dr Rigl er
. .
l Of th e c han e
g s wro u gh t by man in the ege tabl ew orl d ,
s a s Sir v y
Cha rl es L ell : y
The cra b has beentranspos ed i nto the a ppl e; the Sl oe
into the pl u m ;
owers ha e ch a n ged th eir co lvor a nd b ecom e d oubl e;
an d thes enew cha ra cters canbe perpetu ated b y s eed A bitter pl ant with .
wa vy sea - re
g e v
n l ea es has been taken from thes eas id e, where i t gr ew
l ikewil d charl ock, has been transpl anted into the garden,
l ost its s al t
UNIT Y OR DI V ERS Y OF OR GIN
IT I . 4 69
5 3 333
1
cn ce s as b e
,
tween the brown Afgh an s of E a st Afgh a n
i st a n a nd the l ight Afgh an s of the w est with blu e
ey es a nd r ed ha ir ; b etw een the d a rk H indoo s of the
ness nd has been m etam orphos ed into two d istinct egetabl es a s u nl ike
,
a v
ea ch oth er as is ea ch to th e parent pl a nt the r ed cabbageand thecaul i
ower.
(Prin of Geol
. .
,
VOL 2 , p .
470 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
inE ur op e .
an d co m pl exi on .
the sk ul l a n
.
l y to a n y r a c e or trib e N on e of th e
. m th er efor e , ,
47 2 THE RACES OR THE OLD WORLD .
an d a num b er of Au str a li an a nd th en co m p ar es th em ,
s a fe in di c a t i on of r a c e
.
m a rk ed on th em ; a nd th ey a r e al l m or e or l ess dis
tin ui sh ed for th e ir h igh ch eek bon es and protrud ing
g
-
j aws
.
Tr a i te cl es
p 4 1 3 It is a t erribl e . .
m em or y of th e peopl e. Th e m a j o ity
r bear i l l u stri ou s names,
a nd th e ya r e ig norant wh o wer e th eir fath ers, and wh at ray of
it It is trul yd rea d fu l ,
sa sy Dr Y . vn
a ,
to j
a d u st the bal ance of
n
s e ce of a l l wants, a r e s ubstitu ted for eno ments jy q
a c u ired by l abor .
g ence , p
e r er te d iv
ns tinct s, v
pr ogress i e su ccess ions of s ickl y transform a
v
Y an, a nd we cite his ownwor ds
There exists , s a s Dr. Y ,
in . y .
ca di n or
,
ud e
g , n ojr m ayor , to r e ul a te th e
g ir d iffe ren ce s Th eir d we l l .
for the wa x pr odu ced b y wil d bees, inwa shin nd an d i n athe rin
g sa , g g
theresinwhi ch ru ns d ownthetrees .
dova and San Lu is the Sp ani ard s are a s ina ct ive and
,
tu g u ese h av e b eco m e al m o st s a v ag es .
(N a rr of Voy to S Sea
. . i s a Portugu e
. s,
e p en al
v
E enthes igns by whi ch oneis awareof the pres ence of man did ,
not exist in this wil d pl ace No tra ce of cul ti ation was s een Not
. v .
v
e enwere thoseSpira l l ines of s mokepercei ed am on v g the trees which ,
poin t ou t ord in a ril y the hu mbl e st d we lli n The b eaten paths which
g .
cal l pompou sl y a v
ill age was a col l ectionof dil apidated hu ts of themost
,
miserabl e a spect ; thes ewer e al l open to the rst arr i al ; it was s een v
that th ein habitan ts con ce al ed n othin g from their n eighb ors bu t it wa s ,
j
pro ecting nos e a nd r ough l ong hair The were al l s mal l and thin . y .
v
One wou l d ha e s a id that this popu l ation pass ed withou t tra nsitionfrom
y t thede l ine f m nh d ; y th eemed n t t e i t f the e
infa nc o c o a oo ou s o o x s or s
O g ide wh we e M l y
ur u d d e ed
s, m e f the w men k
o r a a s, a r ss so o o ,
as
ing them h w th ey n m ed th ei v
o il l g e whe e we e thei h b nd &
a r a ,
r r r us a s, c.
B t fte h v in
u a
g he d thei
r epl ie they d e l ed t
a th t they
ar ld r r s, c ar o us a cou
n t mp ehend pe fe tl y wh t they id n
o co r nt f r
g e tcm ny a sa ,
o a ccou o a r a a
w d th t we e n t M l y n The p ie t wh
or s a r mp nied m e d e
o a a a . r s o a cco a ,
s cend ed from his horse, a pproa ched them , a nd dis co ered that the l a n v
ua e the
g g y spoke was a simpl e mixture of Mal ay a nd P ortuguese .
This l a ngu age its elf wa s them os t r eal expressionof the s ad mental
s tateof the se u n happy peopl e They knew neither who they were n or .
whencethey came Thenam es by which they were cal l ed, repres ented
.
m isery .
,
.
type
a o
'
D i e en e i n
ff r
opportun
c s
i t i es for a cqu iring food ; an d i n
same ra ce.
N ew South W al es ev en the h a ir v a ries to
,
Of m e n s o fa r a s we know a r e c ap abl e in t im e of be
, ,
desc end ant s surviving and transm itt ing vigorous Off
,
Spring wh e
,
th er in India or Ic el and It is true th at .
4 80 THE RACES OF T HE OLD W ORLD .
l e i s the l e ss tt ed i s i t to Ch ang e i ts cl im a t e an d
p , ,
It is a re
g at error of y
ma n writers o n Ethnol ogy ,
to s uppose tha t
4 82 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORL D .
theAm erican ph y iq
has d egenerated from the En
s ue
gl ish t pe If i t y .
v v
e idences i nfa or of ou r vi tal ity and power It is well kn
. ownby man u
fa ctu rers and empl oyers in this cou n try, that for l ab ors r e ui rin g the q
u tmost phys ical endu r ance and mu scu l a r power, su ch a s ironpu d -
d li n g
,
l umb ering in the for ests and on the s treams and pion
,
eer ,
,
v
Work foreigners are ne er s o s u itabl e a s the nati e Am eri can sv .
v
m en show a far hi gh er a erag e of physi u e in th eAmerican q s
cl e a rin a n
g d im pr ov i ng th e s u rfa ce of this Con tinen t ,
a re a l on e p roofs of
ra e of h e
g al v
th,
of
m u scu l ar s trength and power Of s u stained end urance, we belie eto be
,
v
g re a te r he re th a ninEn g l an d or ina n y ci il i z ed v
co un t ry .
a
The s ta temen t at on e tim e u rged , that the na ti e femal es o r v
g in s of N e w H o l l an d ,
a f t er p r od u cing chil drenwith the Engl ish be ,
th e c a s e the o ffspring Of v e
, ry d ifferent r a c es a s for ,
ment wa s n
origi al l ym
by Coun t Strz l ecki, an
ade d has b een repeated
v
o er a n v
d o er , til l theworl d has belie ed it It is con v
tra dicted m ost
.
cl ea rl y an y
d carefu ll by theb est au thorit Dr Thompson y g tl eman
a en .
p erso nal l fy
am il i a r with the Isl a nd See h is a rtic l.e i nJou rn. of Ethn ol .
Soc ,. v ol . 3 , p. 2 4 3 .
4 84 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
th e s ev er it i es of th
a t sy st em m ight m od i fy th e n atur al
M EN WOM EN .
, ,
a
g e
.
The proportion m ix ed
ra c es over 5 0 years was
of
,
p e r ce nt ; a. fa ct show i ng th a t th e cro ss
'
se lf .
9 5 ; wh il e fro m fr ee m ul atto es th er e w er e 1 07 ,
an d of In dian s non e ,
.
Th a t th e o ffspring of th e sa m e gr a d e Of mi xtur e in
differ ent r a c es ar e fruitful with one a noth er is pr ov ed ,
q Q
Mexico ( u oted by u atrefages), indicating the di fferent d egrees of the
mixtu re effected betweenthe thr eer aces, Whi te, bl ack, and red
v
Lo o of anIn dianwom ana nd a Negro .
Caribuj o of anIndianwomanand a Lo o v .
Mechino of a Lo o a nd a Coyote v .
v
Some of thes eterms ha e, inother pl a ces besides Mexico, a d ifferent
s ign v
ication; s e eral are r epl aced by oth er expr essions .
F itz ro y s ta tes J
n of Ethnol Soc , 1 8 6 2 ) tha t 2 3 hu man arieties
( ou r . . v
a re enu m erated by s a va ns, in Lima from the mingl ing of theP eru ian,
, v
theNegro, a nd theSpania rd .
UNI T Y V
OR DI ERSIT Y OF o mens . 4 87
cl im at e .
(in m any in st a nc es
) of th e v a riou s m ixtur es of colors
negro and negro woman; and l astl y th e negr o and Amer ican .
.
, ,
, ,
L ow er C an ad a
.
br eed s,
h e st a t es,
p art aking of th e ch a ra ct eristic s of
both th eir p arent s .
-
,
th at in Upp er a nd L ower C an a da the int er ,
n
a d th e Dutch t e B as ta r
h d s h a ve per Af i n r ca
b d as ta r s .
e tu ate d th em elv es an d port i on of th em
p s a ,
*
21
4 90 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
.
, ,
spring if it sh a r es th e
,
se a d apt a t i on s equ ally m u st be ,
1
1332? i
ben i
n a
f Th a t i s a h al f blood m ul a tto i n our North
o
.
,
-
sti tu tion i s u n,
tted for our cli m at e; inthe South ern ,
prid e and the sen sitiven ess Of the rul ing ra c e whi le ,
E pl n i n
x a at ohis m ixtur e with bl a ck blood expo ses him
gix zg
a r a ces
ut continu ally to the vul g ar pr ejudic e and b ase
in sult wh ich our popul a c e h eap on this Opp essed r a c e r .
Hem ay die out a s the Indi an d ies out fro m the w ear
, ,
UN IT Y OR DI V ERSITY or ORIGIN . 4 91
as -
i s fr e qu ently s a i d or wh i ch h a s a n ything to do
w ith the subj ect Of hybridity The rst
N m y te y
.
o s r .
the c ect onthe spirits or temperamen t which the con trast of a d ifferen
t
an d morefortunate peopl e cau ses No d ou bt with the North American
.
Indian mel a nchol y is to be set d own inthe d riest s tatistical l ist of the
,
ca u s es of his d e cl in e .
3
W e suspe ct that this (i e thel e ssen
. i ng
.
,
o f ig or a nd fe rt il ity by v
cl ose in terbreedin n n u l tim ate fa ct, bu t a n atu ral con n
g) is o t a s e q ue ce
p. T his m ost in g en io u s su
gg e s tion w e b el ie e,
is origin al with Dr v ,
.
v
Gray to whos e in estigations and cl ear r ea sonings onthes ub ect of the
,
j
v
forma tionof arieties, e ery stu den v
t of ra ces is u n der su ch great obl i
g a tion s .
4 92 THE RACES OF THE OLD WO RL D .
to st arv ation
owing to the sh and g ame h a ving
,
race *
.
B ay of Q ui nte
,
u nmixed with white bl ood .
{ Th
v
e increas e of the total bl a ck
popul ation, b oth free and sl a e, of v
th eSou th ern States from 1 8 4 0 wa s per ct , Whil etha t of the .
Inthe NorthernStates , New York is a bou t then orthe rnl imit for the
or g n
i i a r,
e a ,
in
th t t e r em ot est hum an a ntiquity at
h
re p e r ctly r pr nt d th r hu n
m
ggig
t a fe e es e e e e I f m a .
m n u m en ts
l
o
physic al typ es are utterly unch anged for a
sk in a nd
nobl e featur es b efore the tim e of theP ha
r a ohs ; why i s i t to be thought th a t i n th
e few
thousand y ea rs pr ec eding th ey had any di ffer ent
,
traits ?
Who ever sees th ey triumph antly inquire a r a c e
, ,
h ave st at ed th em fully .
gr eat er hum an ant iqu ity ; m any indi c ations over the
world po int towa rd it and now th ese r ec ent g eologi
,
n
ent ir ely new cou try a d cl n i m a t e say to the east of
F m t nf
or a
A fr i c
io
a A o
l l th e . e xt ern a l inu enc es on the
bl k e
a ac
physiqu e of thi s trib e are ch ang ed ; the soil
ra c .
the sc en ery th e m i a sm a t i c i nu e
,
nc e the el ectric al , ,
ca noes .
UNIT Y V
OR DI ERSIT Y OF ORIGIN . 97
m ea n s of i ih
l vel ood differ ent fro m wh at th ey
al l are
a ttr a ction s
of r esem bl a nc e w ill in so m e c a ses be
, , ,
of a nc estors ,
a nd
thus k eep the typ e of the sp ecies ,
a dv a nt a g e of th e v a ri a t i on s to th e ir po ssessor s .
a l a rg e tOp knot -
ha s u su ally a sm all er com b ; why
a de form ity inone p a rt of the hum a n fr am e h as o ft en
a corr e sponding d e form ity ina noth er p art
.
oth er r a c e *
.
So l on
ph s i
gol as
og isyts continu ed to beli e e tha t manv
h a d not ex
v y
is ted on the earth a bo e Six thou sand ears , the might, with good y
reas o n withhol d their
,
nt from
as s e thed octrineof a u nity of originof SO
5 00 THE RACES OF THE OLD W ORLD .
fv i i n
c s
ar a t oaw inthe t ea ching s of the gre t m a st er of
a
o
y
m an d istinct ra ces ; bu t the dif cu l t b ecom es ley
ss a nd l ess, exactl y in
proportio n as we enl arge our id eas of the l a pse of time, d u ring which
d ifferent commun ities may ha ve p e d
s r a sl owl y a nd becom eisol ated ,
each
exposed for ages pec l i
to a
u a r s e t of cond ition s, whe ther of tempera tu re,
or food, or d an e
g ,
r or wa s o yf l iv ing
.
( L el l , Ant y
. of Man
, p.
UNIT Y OR DIVERSIT Y OF ORIGIN . 5 01
3 11 33 33
0 11 6
an d c ircu m st a nc es (W i A n h l i
a z t r
p
o o og )e
.
11
.
,
Mal ays under the equ ator is n early the sam ewith th at
of the E s quim a ux of th e a rct i c c ircl e At the sam e
.
bl a ck Au strali ans
.
a ct ing on th e bodily a s a n e ,
xpl an ation of
v a riat ion ; a nd t aking al l the a nalogies of the anim al
,
Pv me nen
er a
Pt
er m anen t T yp es In th i s Vi ew th efact
. of ,
a ri ti e
the n egro pr esent ing his pur e typ e
s.
penetrate their d isgu ise, the d ogs al ways smel t them a n d barked a t
them He s tates that he l ea rned to distingu ish the different odors of
.
Negroes, Ta rtars , Thibeta n s , Hin doos , Arab , and Chinese The North .
Skin ,
and incon se u e q
nce, are l ess troubl ed with mus qu itoes a nd in se cts .
UN IT Y OR DI V ERSITY OF OR GIN I . 5 03
tne f a u n a an d fl or a of g iv en wo ul d be
the n a tur a l effect of a v a riety grown up a ft er ag es of
l ice, infestin g th e ne r
g ,o d a rk er tha ntha t fou nd o n t h e W h ite,
wh il e the
mu l atto has one of a nintermed iate sha d e the col oring m atter probabl y
bein g s u ppl ied from be n ea th thehu ma nskin I t p a ss es , howe e
. r, from v
thebl ack nu rs eto thewhite chil d ind ifferentl y (Smyth p . The ,
.
P rof Aga ssiz s View as set forth inGl iddon a nd Nott s Types
.
.
,
We need not s a y that the whol e cou rse of ethnol ogical in estigationhas v
beena ga in s t his cl a ssica tionof
r eal ms of m e n as ind ica ting s epa ra te
,
ment onthe oth er Sid e Still we wou l d not d ou bt tha t there is a certain
.
Al l th ese thing s
d iscover ed as fa cts and ar e
,
of the
th e well d ened -
a nd compa ct form of the organs
v
l odged in th ese ca ities ; in th e process by wh ich th e food i s
'
el abor ated and d igested ; in th e pecu l iar org a ns which giv eth e
n
s e sa ti o nof sight ,
h eari ng, s m ell ,
ta ste,
a nd tou ch ; inth e stru c
De ent f m
sc
on th
ro
a t of a co mm un ity of d e sc ent of al l ,
nep i
the trib es Of m ank ind fro m on e p air ? It is
o a r.
to them , bu t is man ifested by San d wich Isl and , Nubian and Egyptian
chil d ren (Wa iz )
. .
UNI T Y OR DI VERSITY or ORIGIN . 505
c ient to expl ain the fa cts One p air one sour c e w ill
.
, ,
se v er al p air s ?
Still farth er the suppo sit ion of a sep arat e creat ion
,
tin u al l
y sh a d e i nto on e a noth er or a r e ch a
,
ng ed or
p a ss aw ay Wh ether the di stinctive featur e be the
.
Sh a p e of th e skull or th e n a tur e of th e h a ir or th e
, ,
22
506 THE RACES or THE OLD WORLD .
S pe i i ty f tr a it s l ie
u r or o s inth e fa ct s th a t th e d isti nct i on s
l n
c as sr ca tl o
by l n
ag ge
ua
on whi ch it r est s ar e m or e p erm an ent and
s o m e c as es a l angu a g e ent ir e
, ly disapp ears incont a ct
with anoth er of very different ch ara ct er ; Obj e i n ct o s to
ii
Weq u ote from a note inLewis s
Roma nce Languages
The pertina ciou s a d herenceof mankind to their m other tongu e(sa ys
ffi j fg
m a n i fes t to t h e ey e O f th e s chol a r W e .
ony ne
l o
h a ve resort ed to h istory to popul ar dial ects , ,
of th e a b solut e di sa pp e a r a nc e of a tongu e of a n on e
y
of the thr ee gr ea t F a m ili es in co n t a ct w ith a n oth er , ,
Ap n
pa re t
wh il e a s ufc ie nt nu m b er of th e ra c e su r
n
viv ed to for m a co m mun ity
ex ceptio s.
App ar ent .
King s Sea l
a nd Craigy B ar ns ,
which form the l ower bound a r of Dowa l l y y
(pa rish inP erthshire) ,
v
ha e beenf or centu r ies the s epa rator yb a rrier of
the Engl ish nd Ga elic In the rst house below them, the Engl ish is
a .
an d has beenS pok en, a n d the Ga elic inthe rst hou se, not abo ea mil e v
dis ta nt a bo e them
,
v Ind ifferen t pa r ts of Irelan
. d s omethin g simil ar to
this will be fou n d It i s sa id, tha t oncrossin
.
g the ri er B a rrow, a ery v v
s trikin d iffe
g ren ce is obs er a bl e; onthee as te v
rnban k ,
Engl ish is Spoke n
an d Irish s carcely kn own; a l ittl e wa y in terior it is u ite the r e ers e q v .
(p .
y
L ell al s o r e ma rks
We may compare thepersistency of l anguages , or the tendenc y of
r a c e and Sp eech *
.
it
Creol e F rench, sa s y a writer in the Ma rch
Atl antic, 1 8 6 3 , was
crea tedby the n eg roes (of Sa nDomin go), who pu t in to it er few word s v y
of their n v
a ti e d ia l ects , bu t s om ething of the n a ti e con s tru ction a nd v
certa i n eu phonic pecul ia rities It is in . ter es tin g to tra ce the i r l o e vo f
a ll ite ra tion an d a con cord of sou n d s in this m on g l F r en
re ch, which be
o f a s en ten ce from n
,
o gra mma tica l re asona t al l , bu t to sa tis fy a s we etis h
ca r . It is l ike thecharmin g g a bbl e of chil d re n ,
w ho l o e t o v
f ol l ow the
rs t key tha t the ton g k
u es tri e s
if 9
. T h e s e c h a ra cte ristics a ppe ar
inthe formationof the Creol eF ren ch, incon nectionwith another chil d
l ike habit of thenegro, who l o es to put hims elf inthe ob ecti e cas e, v j v
an d to s a y me instea d of I, a s if hekn ew that heha d to be a chattel .
v erted in to mo to l y a n
, , ,
d the poss ess i em on, ton, s on, in v to a mou e ,
a
tou e, a l y, a n d were pl a ced a fter the n ou n ,
w hi c h n eg ro dial e c t s g e n e r a l l y
s ta rt the ir s en ten ce s with P oss essi e pron
. oun vs ha d the u n meanin g
syl l abl e gu i e nbeforethem, a s N ou s gagn qu i ena nou s , for N ou s a vons
l es notres an
for Gea r gu i ont vcu A few m ore exampl es wil l su f ceto make other
.
P m o ,
thi s th ory
e thoug h th ey m a
y in s o m e c a se s
bJe wn ct s'
be m er ely m a rk s of a sim il ar st ag e of d ev el
O
O me
p nt i t m a
y ,
i n m any oth e r s b e m or e ph ilo s oph i c a l
to r eg ard th em a s the effect s of v ery dist ant m igra
Mo pas battebamboul a
Q ua nd m o ntr l au t negresse,
co
a n
MO pa s gg
z yeu po u r l y ,
Tou q u i chose a m ou m ou ri .
Et ma ntu re a sonnette
cei
Lan u it s ur m onb a mb oul a
g .
v
Letr a a il en a inm appell e,
v
Mes s ens so t an n antis .
n
Ai s i nou s o y on v
s e n c or e a u o u r d h u i d es gj e n s d u e
p p u l
e tra n sp ort s
de con en v
tion q u i n c s t l e l
e u r u i c el u i d e l cu
,
r s h a tes ,
m a is
q u e tou s
O L
C NC USI N . O 51 1
L
C ONC US I N. O
It will present ed inthis
be seen fro m the vi ews
Treatise that we do not r eg a rd the R a c es Of m ennow
,
Fu nonde l
au tre. Ains i d ans l es bagnes d e l Afriqu eet d e Consta ntino
compa re p .
The Mora ian s h a e tra n v
sl a ted the Bibl e a n v
d a book
of hym n s in to the Tal keetal kee or n egro l an gu a e, of whi ch they ha e
- g v
a l s o co mposed g mm aar It
rais cu riou s tha t this pa tois of the bl a cks ,
.
thou gh it incl u d e y
s man African words , Shoul d ha e for i ts ba s is the v
Engli sh l angu age, p a r ed o
f in
exi ons, a nd s ofte ned by a m u l titu de of
v owel termi nations ( B ol ing b roke
.
,
V oy a
ge to De ma r a ry, cited in th e .
Q u a r ter l y R.
evi ew,
v ol . xl iii
, p 5 5 3 ,
whe r e s pecim en.s a re
gi e n of a v
simil ar n egro corr uptionof the Du tch l an g g , inwhi ch th e in
ua e exion s
areal so obscu red. p.
51 2 THE RACES OF THE OLD WORLD .
u al s gov e
,
rn ra c es .
Of R a c e .
in sp ir a t ions, nd
thus anorg a nic K ingdom of God
a
m an ity be r ea ch ed ?
Th en sh all the myst eriou s prop erty of Inh er it anc e
-
the c entr e of so m any th eolog ic a l probl em s wh ich
THE END.
N O T E S .
CHAP TER II .
() A1
rya i n l a ter San
s krit means
a good fa mil
Lord
or of y
.
The Zend -
a vet s a, the V edi hymn
c s, theku neiform inscriptions and the
tra ditions reported by Herodotu s Sh ow th a t this name wa s a ppl ied by
the Hind oos, theP ersians and Medes to their own ra ce Some con nect .
tries ou tsid e of y
Ar a (the Honorabl e Land), Tzl ryd or
ou tside of
y
Ar a,
or the dishonorabl e.
The P ersians a l so ca ll ed the misbeliev
ing l ands to thenorth nd east, inhabited by thosewho did not worship
a
thes u n
I ii ra n, or beyond Iran
,
Tou ran indicates perhaps geo .
s ons He ol i, p 4 3 4 p 64 8 n m rn time in
rod otu s
9
v
, () .I ode
.
,s . .
,
l insons Herodotus v ol i , p 4 2 6
Renan, Knobel and Ma x
,
. . .
,
Hist i, p
,
v ol .
( ) P l in s ta te
.s th a t the inhabitants of th e 13
y
banks of the Nil e werenot E thiopia n s bu t Arabs Accord ing to He .
( )
15
P l in y (3 P roe m ) speaks of theNil e a s thebou nda r y of As ia . Strabo,
i , pp 4 8 5 1
. The Som a ul i l a n
. ua e
g g , the l a n u
g ga e of th e Da na ~
1
() Au thorities cons ul ted ,
B ru sch B oeckh
g . Bunse.n . LepsiuS Kon
igsbu ch d er a l ten Egypter 1 8 5 8 Nol an. . . P ool e Seyffa rth Uhl eman
. n . .
2
() B uns en
s E g pt, ,
3 3 6 3
() Herod iy, 4 4 3 v .
() Her od i
. 3 1 9 Op .
4 .
,
.
pe r t Dr.B ra ndi s He
.rz og s Real .
Encycl opaedie(Nin
i e) Kn obel s VOl k .
Sc .
()
5
The a rro w h ea d ed writing is
-
v
d i ided into threecl a sses
()
a Theol d P er s i a n(or Ar n ) em p l o y ed in m oy
n u m ae n tal ,
in s cription s by
( )
b Th e T ur a n i a n (or S cy t hi c) u se d t o expre ss Tu ra n ian di a l e
,
dts .
m n n f
()
c Th eS e m i ti c T hi s l a s
.t i s t h e os t dif cu l t a d co us ed each gu re
re p re s entin g a s y l l ab l e T h e A ss r i a n a rrow he
y . a ded in scription s a re -
nea rl y the sam ewi th the l ast and e en m ore d if cu l t Most common ,
v .
The arrow hea d r eaches as far west as Cypru s and B eirut, and east to
-
CHAP TER IV .
() M a
1
x M u l l er,
La ng at Seat of Wa r . .
()
2
ius an
Gesen d H Ha dl e . y .
R w n n M ax Miill e
()
4
()
3
a l i s o . r .
CHAP TER V .
V endid ad . B unsen ()
5
Ra wl ins
.on
s Herod .
51 6 N TES O .
CHAP TER VI .
()( )
1 2
Du ncker, Gesch d . . Mo ers
Al th . v .
()
3
Ez ekiel , 2 7 , 1 0,
2 0. Isa ia h, 6 0, 5, 9 .
( ) ( ) Ra wl inson
4 5
. Duncker . Kruger .
()
7
W orsaa e W il son ,
et al i i . .
THE K ELTS .
Niebuhr Arnol d Bu n
. sen Steu bb ( ) Momms en
6
. . . .
CHAP TER IX .
Gr . a nd Rom Geog . .
()
3
( ) De Gobineau
5
. Staats Lexikon(D .
CHAP TER X .
y
sa s :
Winidorum natio popu l osa con se dit uoru m n omina , l icet . Q
nu nc per v a rias fa m il ia s et l oca mu tentu r , principal iter ta men S cl a veni
ct A ntes nominan (c ( ) Max Mul l er
2 3
tu r . .
() Schafa rik .
M Mul l er
. .
CHAP TER XI .
CHAP TER X II .
SE M I TES.
Arabs .
THE TURANIANS.
() S tritter, Momor
2
pop e s cript B z ant Ritter. . . . y . P richard . De
Guignes Viv d eSt Martin M Mii l l er Koeppen.
. . . . . .
THE M ONGOLS.
()
1
P richard . Koeppen . Gibbon . M Mu l l er
. . D Ohssonl s
. De
Gu ignes . P l ath . Ritter . VonHamm er P urgstal l .
() M2
Miill er . .
Lassen
Ma x Mul l er P richa r d Journ Asiat Soc , 1 8 52
. . . . . . .
J R Logan .
9
() L ass en.
()
3
M Mul l er M r H
. od g . . . .
CHAP TER X IV .
CHINES E.
()
1
P richard . M Mu l l er
. .
(Am er Or SOC . . . W Whitney
. .
Sprach. Kl aproth .
()
2
J . R Logan
. .
()
3
Rev S R Brown. . . .
()
5
Chi neseRepertor y ,
1 8 4 5. ()
6
Ka euffer .
() 7
P richard.
JAP AN.
()
8
Ers ch . u. Gruber . Ka eu ffer , et al n .
()
9
Am er Expedit . .
r oth. P ott D . . M Z . .
CHAP TER X V.
TIB ETA S. N
()
1
Cunningham s Ladak
P ri chard Mul l er Hue B un
()
2
. . . .
se s n
P hil . of Hist .
()
3
Cunningham .
4
() P richa rd .
TUNG US IANS .
( ) ( ) M Miil l er
5 6
. .
()
7
Wil liams
Chi na .
()
3
Castrn and
Ca s trns Tun S
g p r
. .
M ONG OLS .
Wil l iams
China .
( ) R
11
mu sat .
sto ne .
SAMO I EDES .
()
I
Castre
m . Latham . P richar d .
&c , Dec ,
. . 1 8 58 .
()
2
P richard .
()
3
Lang . at Seat of War .
( )()
5 6
Latham .
()
7
M Mul l er . .
()
8
P richard .
CHAP TER XV II .
()
1
P richard. Latham . Miil l er . El phinstone . Vigne . Capt .
Morg G es .
( )( ) P r i ch
. a r d ( )() L
2
a tha m 5
M M ul l er .
3 6
. . .
Bl au ()
9
. Lay a r d B a d g e r D r G r a nt W F A .ins w or th T ran s . . . . . . .
Repos , 1 8 4 1 .
(D r R o bin so n an d R ev M r H ome s ) . . . .
O
N TES . 51 9
CHAP TER X IX .
P OLYNES IA.
v ol i Ta smanian Rev
. . Rev Wm Ridl ey (J ourn Ethnol Soc ) Dr . . . . . . .
CHAP TER XX .
()
1
Dr B arth . Renan, Les Lang Sem Expl orationScient del Al
. . . .
E Norris Koell e ()
3
Exped Scient d e l Al gerie
P richard . . . . . . .
() R en
I
an P a rkyns Li fe &c .
, . Voy enAb . y
s ., M Lefeb r e
. v . Voy .
l Afr Or pa r ord re d u Go t ,
Waiz . Krapf .
CHAP TER X XI .
Wm H Yates Lane
. . . .
( ) M. Gisquet Gl iddons Indig Races.
2
. .
3
() P richard.
52 0 N OTES.
THE GALLAS .
( ) D Hericourt
1
,
V y ge
o a ,
&c .
()
2
Gobat . Renan .
() W1
il ki nson . Lepsius. L Univers, Nubie
. Combe . Yates .
()
2
Lepsiu s .
( ) D Eichthal
1
. Rafi e el n . Dr . B a rth . Es q uisses Senegal aises,
Boil at . Dr . Wil son . F . Ca rri ere. P richa rd . Wm . B . Hodgson .
S OUTH G UI NEA.
() W1
il son . B owen . W . F Dani el]
. . F orbes. P ool e. Zeit. d .
mor Ges . .
, v ol . 8. v
Li ings tone.
()
1
Anderson . Rev F . . N Kol be (Ethnol
. . Soc . Latham .
P eterma nns
Mitth .
()
2
Kol be .
()
3
Latham. Ladisl aus Magyar .
4
() THE B ECHUANAS .
Or Soc . . Jo ur n Anderson
. . P etermann. v
Li ingstone.
KAF F I RS.
Or. Soc . J cu m . ( )( )( )
2 3 4
P eterm ann
s Mitth ()
5
P eterma nns .
P etermanns
Mitth . E Norris. . Wa iz . v
Li ingston e .
Anderson . Moffatt .
( )( )( )
3 4 5
P etermanns
Mitth .
()
6
B u l l etin
d eGeog ,
1 8 5 9.
O
N TES . 52 1
d Eu TOpe.
THE B ASQUES.
Enc y c. d es Gen
s du Mond e . Arndt .
()
l
Schafarik. Latham . Gu rowski . Kubal ski . Mickiewicz .
Geog Mitt , 1 8 5 5
. . Mull er .
2
()( )( )
4 5
Gurowski. ()
3
M M i
.i l l er .
B u chon . M Miil l er
. . E Cu rtiu s
. . Henry Sh eene (Ethnol
B ettner . .
J ou r n, . F Thiersch.
. Hahns Al ban Studien
. .
CHAP TER XX IX .
WALLACHS.
ITALIANS.
S P ANIARDS.
L Lemcke
. . Ticknor. L Cl aru s
. . De Joune
s . Murray s Hand
F RENCH.
Michelet . De Gou rz on . J J
. a nin . Ma u r v .
52 2 O
N TES.
KELTS.
ENGLISH.
G Y P S IES.
P ott s Zigeuner
Spen gl er B orrow . . . Zeit f D . . . Morg G . .
,
3 d, 8 th
and 1 1 th ol s Casca v
P aspati . . .
()
1
B ou cher d e P erthes, Les Anti q it
u s Celti q ues. E vn a s
Report
(Atheneu m, J u ne 1 1 , Sir C L ell . y (Athe n eu m , Sept 2 4 ,
.
J J
. . A . Worsaae . Athen, NO . . 1 67 9 . Wil sons Ar chaeol og
y ,
&c
.
pp 4 63 , 4 6 5 , 5 8 1 , 63 4 , &c , an
. d t 2 3 , 2 4 , 2 5, and 46 P ictet, . . .
An n d es Sc J D Dana
. P rof Owen Delan. ou e . Lyell s Anti
. . . . .
q .
toric Man .
( ) ( ) Sil l im2
a ns J ou rnal 3
,
1 8 5 9 , p 4 4 1 , cited by Dr A Gra .
. . . y
w m P ri hard
()( )( )( )
5 7 9
( ) c . Roul in, d . Sc. Nat , t 1 6 , 1 8 2 9 . .
()
6
S my th ()
8 m
( ). De Sal l es .
( )
18
Carpenter .
( ) Wa iz
m Dr Draper. . . Tiedeman n . P richa rd . Hol l a rd .
Sm th y . De Sal l es . Waiz ,
et al ii . Morel . Hist . d eDg
n res cences See Dana on Species, in Sil l J ou rn, Nov 1 8 5 7
. . . .
,
.
O
America n rienta l S ociety ou rnal J .
And er s on, C . JL
ndon, 1 8 5 6 a ke Ng a m i . L o .
Ar nd t C G v on ra nkfu rt, 1 8 1 8
. . . F
Ueber d en Ur s pr u ng u nd d ie v er .
V
,
Atkinson, T. W. -
L ndon, 1 8 58
o . O r ie ntal a nd WesternSiberia .
B a rtl ett, J
R r og ress of Ethnol ogy New ork, 1 848
. . P . Y .
J
B iot, E ou r na l As ia tic S ociet
. y .
V
, ,
B u r ton, R . . nd on, 1 8 5 6
F F i rs t F oots teps i nEa s t Afr ica . L o .
B u ns en, C C u tl in
. . J O
es of th e hil os of Un -
i v His t on d on,
1 8 54 P . . L . .
B u ns en C ,
C E . . J y
g pt s pl acei n Uni ers al His tor on
d on, 1 8 48 v y L .
Bo i l a t A b b Es u i s s e
q s S n g a l a is es 1 8 5 3 . .
P
,
Bo u d i n ,
M C T . J
r a i t d e G og ra h ie e
.
p . t d es S ta tis qu es Mdical e s .
P a r is , 1 7 57 .
B orro w, G eor ge Th e Zincal i . New Y ork , 1 842 .
Bo w ing S i J A V i i t t th e P h il ippine I l nd
r ,
r L s o s a s. o ndon 1 8 5 9
, .
h nJ A
B ou c o L G eeC n
,
tinen. t l e P i 1 84 3
.
a r c o a . a r s, .
e C L H ng y i n1 8 5 1
B ra c ,
. . u ar .
B r a ce, C L Nor s eF ol k
. . .
B erl in, 1 8 5 0 .
B ou Am i La Tu r q u ie d Eu rope
. P a ri s , 1 840 .
Ca mbrid ge Ess a y D nl d
nonEngl ish Ethnol ogy London, 1 8 56
s o a so . .
Ca rpenter W oo o , Lond on 1 8 57 . B Z l gy
. .
,
Pee
,
rs bu r
t g, 1 8 57 .
C a str e
m, M A B ur iat Spr . . . .
Ch arence y M d e Rech er ch es
. su r l es O rigi nes d el a Langu eB a s q ue. Ah
P
,
Com be E , oy a g e e. V
nEgy pte et Nu bi e a ri s 1 8 4 6 , . P ,
.
y
Cool e , W D Negrol a nd of th e Arabs et cet
. . on d on, 1 8 4 1 , . L .
C u nningh a m, A . L a d a k, et cet . L o nd on 1 8 2 4 , .
C u r tiu s , E . P el
nnes u s et cet G otha 1 8 5 1
opo ,
.
, .
Da na J
D onS pecies Am er ica n ou r na l of S cience No v 1 8 4 7
. J .
y
. , ,
P P
,
P
,
V
,
. . al e .
1 8 62 .
DeS al l es E F r His toireG n ra l e d es Races Hu m a ines
, . . a ri s , 1 8 4 9
-
. P .
D Hal l oy,
JJ
D Des Ra ces Hum a ines . a ri s , 1 8 5 9
. . . P .
y
Dictiona r of G reek a nd Roma nG eogra ph y .
n
Dwight a d S mit h Mi s s iona r Res ea rch es i n A r m e n i a o nd o n , 1 8 3 4 y . L .
Eich th al , d G u s ta
o r s a oc t t o o u . o . I .
El l is , W l
o y nes i a.nR
e s ea r chPes on d on , 1 8 5 2 . L .
El ph ines tone, M An
a cc ou n t of th eK i ng d o m o f Ca
.
b u l a nd i ts Dependen
cies .nd on 1 8 4 2 L o ,
.
Err o Don u a nd e El Mu
n J
d o r im i t i v o ,
t 1 0 M a d ri d , 1 8 1 5 P . . .
L
,
Er s ch u nd G r u ber E y
n c k l o pa d i e A l l g e m ei n e e ip z ig 1 8 1 8 . ,
.
W J R S i et f A n t i ar i a n s (Ath enaeu m
E a ns e t t o o c y o q u , .
p o r
J
. .
,
un e1 1
Expl ora tionS cientiq u e d e l A l g e r
,
i e a r i s ,
1 8 4 8 e t 1 8 5 3
. P .
L ond on 1 8 5 6
V y ge enP e
.
P
,
F l emi ng Rev F C a ra r ia
, .
n d on 1 8 5 3
.
"
and its Inh a bita nts . L o ,
.
Forbe s red E F
Dah om ey a nd th e Da h om a ns L o n d on 1 8 5 1 . ,
.
Q
. .
n
,
beitet . Leip ig z , 1 84 2
G abele ntz H C ,
. . v on d er Die Mel a nes i s ch enS pr ach en,
et cet .
L eipz ig,
1 8 60 .
52 6 LIST or AUTH RITI ES O .
1 84 9 .
L o nd on, 1 8 06
O
.
ve rn em en t .
P
,
G od wi n ,
a rk e TheHis tor of F ra n c e N ew Y o rk 1 8 6 0 y .
, .
G ra nt Dr A Th eNes tor ia n
, . s or . os t Tribe s New Y ork, 1 8 53 L . .
P opu l a tion s d e l Es pa g ne a r i s , 1 83 8
. P .
J
G r ou t I] : o u r na l o f r iental S ociet (Ka t rs )
, . O y .
G u ts ch mi d A v on B eitrag e z u r G es d Al t
,
. r ien t Leipz ig 1 8 5 8 . . . O .
,
.
P
, ,
P
,
, . P , .
LIST OF AUTH RITI ES O . 52 7
Berl in, 1 8 3 6 .
J a , J
nin ul es La Nor ma nd ie a r is , . P
J oh n s ton C Tra e l s in S ou th ern Ab ss in
, . v
ia , through the Cou ntr of y y
Ad el to theKing d om o f Shoa ond on 1 844 . L .
v
,
J or n an d es De Geta r u m s i e G othor u m or ig in
. e 1 5 97 . .
J ou r n al rie O
ntal S ociet y .
J ou r n a l As ia tic S ocie t 1 8 52 C
( p a t S C M a h ers on, L G enyBriggs )
, . . . . . . .
Kaeu tTer , J . G R . .
-
G es chich te vonOs t As ien -
. Leip ig z 1 8 58 .
P
,
Kl a proth, v on oca bu l ai re e J
t G r a m m a i re d e l a
. V L a ngu e G orgienne .
P a r is , 1 827 .
Kl aproth, J . v on
M m oir es rel atifs a l As ie, et cet a r is , 1 8 2 4
. P .
Kra pf, J . . V
L oca b ul a r of theG a l l a a ng u ag e 1 84 2 y L . .
1 8 52 .
Ku rd d eS chl oez er n
Les premiers Inh a bita nts d el a Ru s s ie . P a ris , 1 84 6 .
tia n s on d on 1 8 4 2 . L , .
Lan g D , J
iew of the rig ina n
. . V
d Migra tionof th e ol nes ia n Na tion O P y .
on L
d on ,
1 83 4 .
L
ay a r d Nin e eh a nd i ts Rema ins on v
d on, 1 8 4 9 . L .
L
ea ke Wm M Res ea rch es inG reece
, . on d on 1 8 1 4
. . L ,
.
L
em cke v onL Ha ndbu ch d er S pa nis ch en iter a tu r
, . Leipy ig 1 8 5 5 L . , .
L
efebu re T o a g eenAb s s in
y i e e x e
.c u t e pen dVy
ant l es An n es 1 83 9
P
,
n
. .
V V
,
Leo or l e
, s u g enu be r d ie G e s chi ch te d e s Deu ts ch en ol ke s 1 8 54 . .
52 8 LIST OE AUTH RITIES. O
L ou z onl e Du e La F inl a nd e . P a r is , 1 8 45.
L ewi s, S ir G C . .
-
O r ig i na nd F or ma tiono f theRom anceLangu ages . Lon
d on, 1 8 62 .
v
Li i ngs tones Tr a el s i nAfrica
v . New Y ork, 1 8 58 .
L n
og a R ,
J . .
l ies of ang u a ge L .
, .
v
L Uni er s (Egy pteMod er n e) .
Leipz ig , 1 8 4 2 .
Lep i s us, R .
Die C hronol og ie d er Egypter . Einl eitu ng u nd Ers ter Theil .
Lu b bock, J
Na tura l His tor Re iew y v .
L e
y ,l l S ir C Re orts of B ritish Ass oci a tion
p . .
L e
y ,l l S i r C Anti u it of Ma n
q on d on, 1 8 63
. y . L .
L
nd on 1 8 5 1
o , .
La th a m R G Ma na nd h is Migration
, s . . . London, 1 8 51 .
La th a m , R G . .
-
v
Na ti eRa ces of th e Ru ss ia nEmpi re. Lond on, 1 8 54 .
L a th a m, R G .
. Descripti eEthnol og v y L . o ndon, 1 8 5 9 .
y
Mag a r La d is l a u s ReiseninS ad Afrika
,
-
.
v
,
y
Ma u r A u es tions r e
, l a ti es a l a n
. ci e Q
nneethnol ogie d el a F ra nce
.
y
Ma u r A La Terre et l Homm e P a ris , 1 8 57
, .
-
.
Ma z u re M B e ar ne t l e a s B a squ e
,
. Py .
P
, .
a r is , 1 847 .
Mich el , F Le a s B a s u e ar is , 1 8 57
. Py q . P
J
Michel et Histoi re d eF rance B ru x ell es 1 8 3 4 . .
P v P
,
P
,
aris , 1 8 57 .
LIST OF AUT H RITIES . O 52 9
v P
,
v
, ,
Moa t R
Miss iona r
,
a bor s a n
. d S cenes in S ou th Africa New yL . Y ork,
1 84 3 .
Mul l er, F H Dr Ugris cher Vol ks tamm B erl in, 1 8 3 7
. . . . .
P
Mu nch , rof Nors t Mainid skr ift l s t Hefte
. . .
y
Murr a s Ha nd book for S pain
on d on,
1 847 . L
Nes temont, M A His toir e d el a Conq u eted Al gerie. a ris , 1 8 5 6
.
-
. P .
Niebu hr , M G es chichteAss ur s u nd B a bel s
.
B erl in,
1 8 57 .
Oppert, J
Zeit d er Morg en l G es 1 0, 2 8 8 8 02
-
. .
-
.
Opper t, al es Expe J
dit S cientif enM sopota mi e, et cet a r is , 1 8 5 8 59 . . . P .
Owen, R al a eontol og . P
Edinbu rgh , 1 8 60 y . .
Oh ss onl s d M C
Histoir ed es Mongol s . .
-
. P a ris, 1 824 .
P tt A F Zige ne Zeit d M G e V l 3 8 1 1
o . . u r, . . . s. o .
, ,
.
ot , . . u r u ro a u s . a , .
P t n C pt InE hn l S
os a s, J V l 1
a t o . oc. ou r . o . .
P i h d J C E te nO ig in f Cel i N i n et et L nd n 1 83 1
r c ar . .
as r r o tc at o s, c . o o , .
P i h d J Q Re e he in the P hy i l Hi t y f M nkind L n
,
r c ar .
s arc s to s ca s or o a . o
,
d n 1 84 1
o , .
P i h d J C N t l Hi t y f M n L nd n 1 48
r c ar . . a u ra s or o a . o o ,
8 .
oo . .
, c . rra o ,
c. o o , .
,
P hil l gi l Review
,
o o ca .
r s, ou c r . s u s u s, c . ar s ,
23
530 LIST OF AUTH RITI ES O .
G en
s il e.ee, 1 8 60 v .
P e e m nn D N 5 S d Af i in1 8 8 E Behm
t r a ,
r . o. . u - r ca 5 . . .
P m nn D Di e H tten
eter a t enS m m e 2 1 8 8
,
r. o ott ta , , 5 .
P e e m nn D
t r Die V l ke i n O t Af i
a 1 0 1 8 58 r. o r s
~
r ca , .
, ,
P en S ou d a n
ey s
P y
,
Ri d l e ,
RevyWm ol n es ia ( . . ou r nal Ethn
. J
ol og ica l S ocie t ) y .
v
Re u e d e l ori ent 1 8 58 P l a ced el Ar meni en
. .
.
v
Re u eArch ol ogi u e No em ber , 1 8 4 5 q . v .
y
Ridl e , Rev Wm ou rna l Ethnol ogical S ociety
. . J .
P ar is , 1 8 52 .
St . Hil a ire ,
J . .
G His toireG n ral e et P a r ticu l i er e d es Anomal ies Br u x .
el l es , 1 8 3 7 .
St . Hil a ire ,
J . G .
-
Histoire Na tu r el l e d es Re
g nes Og r a ni q u es . Vol . 2.
P ar is , 1 8 5 9.
S ch a fa r ik, P . J S l a visch e Al ter th ii mer
. Leipz ig, 1 8 4 3
. .
y
S e mou r, H . D , M P Ru s s ia onthe Bl a ck S ea Lond on, 1 85 5.
. . . .
St . Ma rtin Viv d e , . .
B u l l etind el a S oc d e G ogra ph ie (Wh iteNil e)
. .
1 8 61 .
S ey a r th, G u s t Ch ron
'
ol og i a S a cr a . . Leip ig z , 1 8 64 .
S i l l i m a ns ou rna l
1 8 59 J . .
S m ithsonia n Reports 1 8 61 . .
S i l l im a ns o u r na l , vol 3 9
J
Africa n . . L a ng u ages .
St . J oh nB ayl e V il l a
g e L ife inEgypt . 1 8 53 .
S tr itter N emor pop e S cript By z a nt P etropol i, 1 7 7 1 . . . . . .
Tr o y o nM F, . .
Ha bita tions L a cu s tr es d eConcis e d a ns l e Ca ntond e V au d .
v
,
Ubicini M F ettres s u r l a Tu rq u ie
, . a r is , 1 8 53
. L . P .
United S ta tes Expl or ing Ex ped ition Ethn og ra ph of Lew Che w Isl a nds . . y
P hil adel phia , 1 84 6 .
VonKOppen eter ma n P
ns G eog ra phis ch eMittheil u ngen 1 8 55
eter P
, .
v
, ,
v
, ,
v
Dra i dia nG ra mma r .
, . . . . .
, 1 8 50. ( L keM a a ribo. )
53 2 LIST OF AUTH RITIES . O
Weber , Dr M . . J DieLeh r evo nd enUr ti Ra cenfor men
. ,
et cet . Di1 s sel
"
d o rf, 1 8 3 0 .
h oen, 1 8 4 0
'
y
Whitne W Am erica n ntal S ociety J ou rnal a nd New Engl a nd er
. O ri e .
Wors a a e JJ A A nt f D ne et et inEngl nd L nd n 1 8 52
, . . . ccou o a s, c . a . o o .
W eJ J A
ors a a , . 1 67 9
. .
-
a u . a . u s. .
W tte l ey L d B iti h A
ro s i ti n Athene m J ne3 0 1 8 60
,
or r s ss oc a o . a u ,
u .
York, 1 8 4 8 .
1 8 57 .
Zoep, Dr . H
Deu tsch enReich s u nd Rechts
.
Al th . d es . Leipz ig, 1 8 60.
Zeu ss , K Die Deu ts ch en, &c Mii nch en 1 83 7
. . , .
Zeitscr ift far d ie ergl eich end eSpr ach fors chu ng v .
A g R m j yn Ev
a s s iz ,
ea l
O b ecti o
th eor ,
s to id ence, 1 6. Am h a r ic T r ibe, 2 3 2
y .
ph s i q u e O f,
A gg n n
l u ti a tio , 2 7 . y
Ab ss i n ia n s , C h a rac te
A ng
r i s ti cs of, 23 5.
nN m
l o Sa xo , ei a l s , 1 9 . A rab s , 2 3 8
y u
-
.
n
A r a s, 2 7 , th r ee d iv i s i o n s o f, 2 3 8 .
A n
ra b i a s , 5 0, 55 . m i xtu r es of, 2 3 9
A y gy .
n
s s r ia s , 50. A ra b s i nE pt, 24 0 .
A mw n a s , 5 5. an d M oor e, 24 0
A
ra
n y P
gn m mg g
ry a s , E a r l
ori i al h o
ro r es s , 61
e, 62 .
. no perm a nent s ettl em ents , 2 40.
g
ch a n e o f ph s i q u e, 24 1 y
.
s u ppo s ed d a tes o f i ra ti o n 64 .
popu l a tiono f, 24 2 .
,
A s i a t ic , 6 5 . A frica nRa ces , 2 46 .
ea rl i es t r a c es , 1 3 5 d i ffer en t th eori es o f, 2 4 6
A s ia , Ra ces R u l i ii g , 6 6 A sh a nti T ri be (or a nti ), 2 6 8 , 2 7 1 . F .
y r a ces i nM id d l e A es , 1 2 3
A s s r ia nEm pi r e, 6 7
g .
. A v ek m T r i b e, 2 6 8 , 2 7 2
A fri ca nRa ces , S ou ther n, 2 7 4
.
. .
A s i a M i no r , T r i b es of, 7 1 r a ce, S ou th er nG r ea t, 2 7 4
A r y a nRa c es O f E u rope, M od er n, 8 5
A l l em a nns , 9 8 , 1 00
. vy g g
a l l i ter a ti e l a n u a e o f, 2 7 5 .
y
.
.
ph s i ca l t pe, 2 7 6 .
A estu i , 1 1 5 . A l b i noes , 2 82 .
A l a ns , 1 1 7 A m a xos a s ,
$
.
A v a rs , 1 2 0 . A b a tem bu s , K a i r T ribes , 2 88 .
A r a b i a nE m pi r e, 1 2 4 . A m a m pond os ,
A h o m s (Sh y a n), 1 4 8 A l b a nia ns , M od ern, 34 6
y
A r a ns O f I nd i a , 1 50.
bl a ck , 1 50
.
gng ng
la
ori i o f, 34 6
e o f, 34 8
.
.
A inos , 1 60.
v .
v ed i i s i ons o f, 1 50 . v n nmua
S l a o ia
tri b es o f, 3 50
i x tu re of, 34 9
.
y
prob ab l T u n u s i a n, 1 60.
g g g
A f h a ns , 1 8 7 , 1 88
g A g n
y
ph s i q u e, 3 50
ra o es e, 3 7 0 .
.
l a n u a e O f th e, 1 8 7 . A n
u s tri a s , 3 8 3
. d epend en
y
Am eri ca nph si q u e, v i or o f, 4 8 2 .
.
t onm or a l c a u s es , 4 80.
g
d i ffer en
2 21 .
t a ccou n ts o f ph si q u e of, y y
B a b l on i a nEm pi r e, S econd , 69 .
y
ca pa c i t , 2 2 3 .
fa v o r a bl e a c co u nts o f, 2 2 3
B a s q u es , 7 8 , 82 , 3 2 9
an y
ti q u i t o f, 3 2 9
A z k a r T r ib e, 2 2 9 l a ng u a e, 33 1g .
.
Aw eh m mi d en, 2 2 9 tra i ts , 3 3 2
A bys si n i an s 23 2. Ba v a ri a ns
B a i g u ud i a n
, 1 01
s , 1 03
.
col o r o f, 2 33 . .
5 34 INDE X .
gg
B ul a r i a n s , 1 20
B u l a r i a nE m pi re, 1 2 0 .
C hi na , d efects i nth el a n u a eof, 1 5 7 .
g
a b ori i n a l tri bes , 1 58
g g
.
B h o ti a Ra ces , 1 4 5 . m i x tu r es o f l a n u a g es of, 1 95 .
d dfer fr o m T a m ul i c r a ces , 1 4 5. C ir ca s si a ns , B ea u t o f, 1 96 .
B ra hm a n s , 1 52 . C nca s s i a ns or C h ei k es s i a ns , 1 9 8 .
B i ra rs , 1 6 8 .
popu l a ti onof, 1 99 , 2 00.
B u ri a ts , 1 69 . C h o to s , 2 3 5 .
B a z i a nes , 1 7 9 . a ch i nT ri b e 2 3 8
, .
B a ski rs , 1 7 9 . C h o nk ry eh T i i b e, 2 4 0 .
B i l u ch s (o r B a l u ch s), 1 84 . C h a m i ti c Ra ces , 24 6.
B ra h m , 1 8 6 C o ra n na s , 2 7 6
g L g g
.
.
B er d u r a ni s , 1 8 8 . C on o a n u a e, 2 81 .
B l a ck T r i bes , 2 1 7 . o s s a ck s , 3 4 0
v
a ch i e em e nts o f, 3 1 1 . C a ta l a ns , 3 7 0
yv v
.
B er ber T ri b es , 2 2 5 C m ri c b ra n ch of K e l ts , 3 7 4
y
. .
B a rba r i T r i b es , 2 2 6. C o l or , 4 6 1
B u s a ne T r ib e, 2 2 9.
B ra k n a s , 2 3 9.
gy .
C h a n e of C ol or , 4 63
O f t pe 4 7 8
.
F
.
,
B ora i i T r i be, 2 53 C i vil i z a ti o n, E ffect o n ea tu res , 4 7 7 .
B er tu m a T ri b e, 2 53
B l a c k Ra ces o f Un
.
certa i n O ri gin i n
j
C l a s s i ca ti o n , B a S s o f, 24 .
Ob ecti o nto , 2 4
i
E a s ter nA fr i ca , 2 54
B a rbara o r B erb er i ns o f N u bi a , 2 54
. 0 0 1 r el a ti n gF ea tu r es , 49 8
C l i m a te, not S o le C a u s e o f
.
a r ia ti on
.
V
ph ys wa l t pe of, 2 54
an ci en
y
t C h ri s ti a nn a ti o n
.
.
500
.
C l i m a ti c I n u ence, E xcepti on s to , 5 01
s , 2 54
g
ori i nd ou b tfu l , 2 56 .
.
g g
C l a s s i ca ti o n, C a u s es o f Defects i n, 505.
b y l a n u a e s u peri ori t , 504 y
.
B oh rs , 2 5 7 . .
B a m b a rr a s , 2 66 . o bj ec ti on s , 507 .
B u s hm en, 2 7 6 .
B un d a T r i b e, 2 7 9 , 2 8 1 . D ekk a nT r ib es , 1 3 91 4 2 .
B a rots e T r i b e, 2 8 1 D rav i d i a ns , 1 3 9
yy
B a e eT r i b e, 2 81 .
B a sh i n
.
D a ou r i a ns 1 68
D u r a ni s , 1 8 7
, .
.
j eh , 2 8 2 . .
B a tok a s , 2 85 . D s ch el a l y Ra ce 1 9 1 .
tr i b es of, 2 8 7
,
.
.
D a rm a nk ou r s , 2 3 9
D o wi ch es , 2 3 9
.
.
B ol o n
g g
l a n u a e o f, 28 7 .
d a T r i be, 2 9 2
.
y
D a h o m e T r i b e, 2 7 2
J g
ew i s h cu s to m s o f, 2 7 3
.
. .
D a m a r ea s T r i b e, 2 8 3
D o q q o T r i be, 3 09.
.
B a m b i r i , 2 93 . D a nes , 3 7 9
y
B a n a i , 2 93
B u s h m en, 3 02
. V
g Ln n
.
D e ener a tio n, 4 7 2
.
D r D ra per , i ew s of, 4 62 .
. .
B l a c k Ra ces , 3 1 1 of do
poor , 4 7 3
a ch i ev em en t o f, 3 11 .
t pos i tio nO f, 3 1 2
.
P ng
of
o
ortu u es e, 4 7 4 .
.
pr es en . Of S pa i a r d s , 4 7 4 .
th e fu tu re o f, 3 1 3 . o f A ra b i a n s, 476 .
B u l ga r i c b r a n ch O f F i n ni c ra ces , o f I ri s h , 4 7 7 .
V gy
m a nes ca pi n fr om , 4 2 2 .
.
iew s of, 4 61
. . D a i wii i i a nT h eor , 4 99 .
B ou ch er d e P ei th es D i s cov ei i es , 4 2 3
Egy y
.
B on es , Hu m a n, 4 2 9 . n
pt, C h r o ol o g o f, 3 8 .
w n
g r o th o f l a g u a g e, 3 9
C h a l d aea n
C i m m er i a n
s , 50
s, 7 1
.
n gy
v n
s ou rc es o f e i d e c e for E
ch ro ol o
ptia n gy
, 41
n gy
. .
C h i na , Ra ces O f. 1 54 ch r o o l o n b y d i ffer e t au th or s , 44 .
C hi na , C o ch i n, Ra ces O f, 1 5 4
C hi n a , Ra c es o f, U n c erta i n C onnection
.
E
n
nR
y n
a ti q u i t
n u certa i , 4 5
m v
a ces
.
u r opea pri i ti e, 7 8
w i th o th er r a ces , 1 54
gg g
l a n u a e o f, 1 5 6 .
. y
pl i i ca l t pe o f, 8 0
y n
ea r l s u perstiti o s of, 81 .
.
.
no ramma r, 1 56 . E n
tru s ca s , 9 1.
IN DE X . 53 5
y y
E tru s ca ns , ea rl ab od es o f, 91 . G on d s , 1 43 .
prob a bl I nd o E u ropea n, 9 2 . G h o l d es , 1 68 .
f, 3 62 G l i i l i a ks , 1 6 8
tra i ts
1 05
o
Ea s ter nHind u s o r B en a l s , 1 5 1
E nSO f Ze, 1 8 8
-
.
g .
popu l a ti o no f, 1 99 .
G ur i a , T ri bes of, 1 9 7 .
.
E l l a h o n) eh T r ibe, 2 4 0 G r u s i a ns , 1 96
E gy pti a nRa ces , o pu l a ti ono f, 2 57 .
E ti k T ri be, 2 68 .
P .
g
G u ra e T r i bes , 2 3 5
Ga l l a s , 23 6, 2 3 8 , 2 5 3
.
E bo s or I bo s ) T r ibe, 2 7 2 . G rebo T ri b e, 2 68
g
E n l i s Ra ce, 3 8 5
m i x tu r es o f, 3 8 6
.
.
G ri q u a s , 3 00
G cg h i a ns , 3 50
.
.
.
c l i m a tec h a n ed , 353 .
yg .
S ca n d in a i a nn
h i s to ri ca l n
v
a m es , 3 9 1 .
a m es , 3 92 .
m o d er n, 3 53
two r a c es , 3 53
.
N or s e w ord s , 3 93 A l ba n ia n , 3 53
N or s e r es emb l a nces , 3 9 3
N o rs e cu s to m s , 3 94
.
.
.
G en
v
S l a oni c i n u en
o es e, 3 61 .
ces onth e, 3 56.
.
S ca n din a v i a nph r a s es , 3 95 . G a el i c , 3 7 4
N O 1 s e Sl a n w o r d s , 3 9 5 g
N o rs e w or d s i nS co tl a nd , 3 9 6.
. G er m a nRa ces , 3 80
l ow, 3 8 0
.
y
ph s ca l ra ce m a rk s , 3 9 7 .
y y
ea rl a r ea , 3 8 1 .
.
q u a l i ties o f bl oo d 3 9 8 . G ps i es , 1 86 , 4 01
E x pl a n
g
s l i h t Ro m a n i n u en
a ti o no f C o l o r , 4 61
c e, 3 9 9 .
,
Hi nd oo i nra ce, 4 01
y
1O W m ora l i t , 4 02
.
y
E th nol o g De ni ti o no f, 1 3
.
. t en a ci t
yg y
O f ra ce, 4 02 .
ph s i q u e, 4 03
F en h N
.
m era l s , 1 9 l a n u a g e O f, 4 04
r
Fi nn
c
s,
u
7 8 , 83 , 1 25
m od er n, 3 1 4 .
.
.
g
G u ebres , C h a n e Of T pe, 4 7 0.
.
y
co n tr a s t o f, 3 15 Ha m iti c Ra ce, 2 6 , 2 7 , 34 , 24 6
F
. .
in ni s h N a tions, 83 . A s i a ti c o r i g i no f, 3 5 .
ra n k s , 1 00 th ei r s ettl em en ts , 3 7
F
. .
ei l i T r i b e, 1 8 5 . C h a l d ees , 4 6 , 5 0, 5 1 .
F eej ees , 2 1 9 2 2 0 s eco n d em pi re, 4 7
F a l a s h a s , 23 6
J
not ew s , 2 3 6
.
.
.
co n tr ib u ti on s to h i s tor
Ha m i te, D e ni ti onof, 24 6 , 50.
.
y
F .
.
el l a h s , 2 4 8 Heb rew s , 55
pro ba bl yv y.
er a n cie
a cc l i m a t i o no f, 2 5 0
nt, 2 49. Ha k a s , 9 7 .
Hu ns , 1 1 8
.
F
r etu r nto o ri i ng a l t pe, 2 51 .
el l a ta h T ri be o r F ii l be, 2 5 9
y .
un
i nv a s i o n
.
cei ta i no ri i n 1 1 8
s o f the, 1 1 9 .
g ,
.
a b r o w ntri b e, 2 60 Hu ng r i , 1 2 1
F
.
an ti ( or A s h a n ti ) T r i b e, 2 68 , 2 7 0 . Hi u ng ni i , 1 2 6
e
.
ni c Ra ce, D i is i onof, 3 1 6 v
.
y
ph s i q u e o f, 1 36
T u ra ni a n t pe o f, 1 3 6 yy .
.
F
. .
F r en ch , 3 7 1
.
tra i ts o f, 8 1 7
.
. v
e i d ences o f T u ra n
Ha z ara s , 1 69 .
ia no r i i n ,
1 3 8. g .
em pi re o f, 2 3 1 .
.
g
d i fferent ph s ica l t pe, 3 7 3 .
pro b a bl e Ha m i ti c ori in , 2 32 .
I nth e p ro v m ees , 3 7 5 . Ha z z o T ri be, 2 33 .
F l em i s h Ra ces , 3 8 0. Ha b ab d s , 23 5
F i i es c Ra ces , 3 8 0 Hi l l el T r i b e, 2 3 8
y
i
. .
F o s s il M i n , I mprob
a b il i t o f, 4 2 0 Hets ena t T ri b e, 2 4 0
F
.
l in t I m pl em en ts o f, 424 , Ho ttentots , 2 7 6, 3 00
gLyeo l o gi c a l pos i ti o no f, 4 24
el l s a ccou n
t o f, 4 2 5 , 4 2 6
.
.
i ery a n c i en
o r i g i no f, 3 04
t, 3 00
.
.
Ha m ti c N eg roes ,
i
G rtc cO I ta l i a nR i c e, 7 3 K orak e, 3 4 3
y
-
.
ea r l m i g ra ti on , 73 .
I Ia n ak s , 3 43
Go th s , 98 , 9 9. Hess ia ns, 3 8 2 .
53 6 INDEX .
Ha i r 4 64 K eredJi , 1 8 6
y
H bri d i t
,
y
.
,
4 82 . K h y beri s , 1 8 8
K u rd s , 1 88
.
Ital i a nN u m era l s , 1 9
I nd o E u r opea nRa ces , 2 7
.
.
terri tor O f th e, 1 88 .
fea tu r es o f th e, 1 9 0.
y
y
-
.
cl a S S i ca ti o n s , 60 K ab l e,
I ra ni a ns , 63
g
I nd i a n, M i ra ti o ns , 63 .
.
I b er i a ns , 8 2 K elO i T ri be, 2 2 9
W
P .
I tal i a n eopl es , r i m i ti e, 9 3 .
I ap yg i an s , 93 .
P v K a nu r i T r i be, 2 3 0
K u sh i ti c Ra ces , 24 6.
.
I ta l i ca ns , 9 3 . K Opts , 24 7 .
I nd i a , Ra ces of, 1 3 5 fea tu r es cor respon d W ith ol d Egyp
c ol or n ot d ec i s i eo f ori inof, 1 52 v
.
g . tia n s , 24 7
d Of, 2 48
.
I l i y zi h s , 1 82 , 1 8 4 . cr ee .
A ra b i a n, 1 8 5 . K ek s , 2 5 7 .
K u r d i sh , 1 8 5 K ru s , 2 69 .
I m Os h a g h Ra ce, 2 2 6
I Ol OfS (or W ol ofs ), 2 59 , 2 64 .
.
. a d an
g v
K o n os , 2 7 9
ce m en t of, 2 7 0 .
, 277 .
In h a m ba n e T r i b es , 2 93 . K a i r s , 2 8 8- 2 94
.
g
ph s i q u e of, 3 60 2 90
I rr el ev a n t T opi cs ( Un
44 1
i t or Di ers it
.
y v y , K a s abi T ri be, 29 3
K a s a nT rib e, 2 93
.
In h er i ta n c e, ri n P
ci pl eof, 4 98 . K i s s a m a s T r i be, 2 93
K i b ond a T ri b e, 2 93
.
m
J a pa nRa c es , 1 59
y . Kroa te, 3 4 2 .
.
ph s i q u e o f, 1 62 K el ts , 3 7 7
T u r a ni a n pecu l i a r ities
o f, 1 62
.
of g g
l an u a e two b ra n
.
ch es O f, 3 7 7
m i x tu r es wi th T eu toni c ra ces , 3 7 8
.
JJ ew s , b l a ck , 2 4 2 , 2 8 2
.
ew s , 2 4 2
J g .
i n a T r i b e, 2 9 3 . L inN m e
at
L h nn
it ua
u
ia s,
ra l s ,19
6 3 1 1 4.
Kel ts , 8 0, 8 5 , 3 7 7 Lp 83
r s t a ppea ra n
g g ce of, 8 5
d i s ti n u i s h ed for conq u ests , 8 6.
.
. L n
a
a ti
L mb d 1
s, .
s , 93
01
.
L ng b d
o ar s, .
s u ppo s ed m i ra tio no f, 8 6 o a r s , 1 02
y yv
ea rl i n a s i ons o f, 8 7
T h i err s cl a S SI ca ti o nof, 8 7 .
.
. o
Lo w G er m a n, 1 08
Li th u a n ia n s , Res 1 s ta n
.
ce to C h ri s ti a n
un ce rta i n
y y
t a b ou t, 8 8. i ty o f, 1 1 5
g g .
ph s i q u e of, 89 l a n u a e of, 1 1 6.
L
.
a rts of , 9 0. epch a , 1 4 6
L g g L
.
K el ti c a n u a e, 91. a os , 1 4 8
L
.
K h eta s , 97 ol os , 1 59
L
. .
K h a z a rs , 1 1 9 a m u ts , 1 67
L
. .
R om a nce, 1 2 0. a z i T r i be, 1 9 7 .
K ol es , 1 44 . Les gh i a ns ,
K a nd a (or K h ontl s ) , 1 4 2. popu l a ti o nof,
K a rn a ta tri be, 1 44 . L
ib ol o T r i be, 2 93 .
K i r a ntins , 1 4 6 . La n d i en s , 2 93 .
K h y eng s , 1 4 8 La p s , 3 1 8 .
p
.
K l i a m ti , 1 4 8 . an u a e n o t pro i n U n i t of ri i n ,
K a S S i a ( K h y i ) , 1 48 44 2
g
K hi a n T r i be, 1 59
K a l k a s, 1 6 8
.
. L
in k s o f C on
un g Vg
.
nection b etween La n
g es , 44 5
K al mu ck s ,
K a m a s , 1 7 3 , 1 7 4.
.
La w o f
448
a r i a ti o n (U n
.
i t Of ri in ),
.
y O g
K o ib a l , 1 7 3 . La n g u a g e, th e b es t M ark of Race, 1 5,
K a z a n ( T u rk s , T a r ta rs ) , 1 7 6. 5 0s
g
K ir i s, 1 7 7
Hu m nck s , 1 7 9
. ev i d ence from , 1 8
O b ectio nj 5 09
.
K a ra k a l pa k s , 1 7 9
y L
s,
a k e D wel l i n s , 4 11 g .
Ma gy ng (mg
la
a rs od er
u a e o f, 3 24
3 21 n) ,
.
. M pongwes T rib e 2 7 8
M a k a l a l a T ri be, 2 81
, .
t pe o f, 4 7 0 M a s ch o na T r i b e, 2 8 1
M an g i o u k (T u rk s), 3 2 5
M a ni otes (G reek s) , 3 5 7
.
. M u s s o ro n o T ri be 2 8 1
un
-
g ,
.
ya n i k a T r i be, 2 8 5
gg
M a ra a to s , 3 7 0
M on o l I ns ta nce Of G rowth i nLan
.
.
a k o l ol o
T r i be, 2 8 5
a ta bel e T ri be s , 290
.
g g u a e ( Un it o f O ri g i n
Mu l a ttoes S ter i l i t o f, 4 8 3
), 44 6
yy .
N a b a th a ea n s, 49
.
s ta ti s ti cs o f i nC u b a , 4 8 4
i nM exi co , 4 8 5
.
. g
N a as , 148
N og a i s , 1 7 9
.
.
. .
i nB ra Zi l , 4 8 5 N es tor i a ns, 1 9 2
weak nes s O f ca u s es , 4 9 0
P y
M ixtu res o f o l nesi a ns a nd E ur opeans
-
.
.
prob a bl A ra m a ea n
terr i tor
,
yy
1 93
O f,
.
1 93
P 4 85 .
y 1 94 .
i nM ex i co - vP oca b u l a r Of, 4 8 6 y . Ne
r i tos ,
ro es , O ri e ntal , O neRa ceo f, 2 1 7 .
M a ni nth e D ri ft er i od , 4 3 5. -
pr ob a bl e con nection W i th A sia ,
fos si l , 43 9 , 4 40 zl s
ca e ev vi de ncefor, 4 3 7
.
. N u b ia ns , Ea s tern, 2 51 .
y
s k u l l s of, 4 3 7 . prob a bl Ha m i ti c , 2 52
y
d es ti n of, 5 1 2 .
v
B r i xh a m , ca e evi d en ce for , 4 3 8 . N or th G u i nea , T ri b es o f, 2 58 - 2 67
N am a q u a s , 2 7 6
.
M ed es , 5 0
gy
M a a r s , 8 31 2 1
.
N orm a ns , 3 7 5
g g
l a n u a e of, 3 06.
.
M a rs i a ns , 9 4
gy .
.
v g
N orwe i a ns , 3 7 9
N a tu ra l S el ecti on, 4 50, 4 9 7 , 4 99.
.
M on ol i a ns , 1 2 5 , 1 2 6 1 3 2 -
. lig , 1 2 7 , 1 2 8 .
m od ern, 1 64 1 68 . ro tch on es , 1 68 .
con q u ests , 1 2 8 O l 5 t, 1 69.
i nn in th c en
em pir e, 2 3 3 ,
tu r , 1 3 2
.
y . O s ti a k s , 1 7 3 .
O s tia k o Sa m oi ed es , 1 7 4.
g g
-
l a n u a e, 1 3 4 O sm a nl i s , 1 8 0
i
. .
M i ri s , 1 4 8 popu l a ti o nOf, 1 9 9 .
M a nd ch u s , 1 58
.o
. un
g
en
cer tai n t o f, 2 06
er a l d i vi s i o nof, 2 07 .
y .
.
M a ng ou nes , 1 68
g
M on o l s , T erri tor of, 2 68
.
y . ten d en c y
to new d i a l ec ts , 223 .
d es cri pti ono f, 1 7 0 effect o f cl i m a te o n, 2 24
g r owth o f l a n u a eo f th e ,
17 g g .
v A s i a ti c o ri in, 2 24 . g .
M el a T ri b e, 1 9 1 . O a m pos , 2 83 .
M i ngr el i a T ri b e, 1 9 7 .
vu m b a n
g
r el i i ono f, 2 84
ti er u T ri b e, 2 84 .
.
M i z j eg h i T r i b e, 1 9 8 .
M a l a i s i a Ra ces , 2 07 2 1 1 ch a n e d t pe Of, 3 2 6
y
- .
ph s i q u e o f, 2 12
M ela nes i a nRa ces , 2 07 2 1 6
.
.
PP or tu gn u es e N u m er al s , 1 9.
o f on e r a ce, 2 2 0 . er s i a , 1 9 .
h oen i ci a n s, 70
ph s i q u e o f, 2 1 5.
a rts o f, 2 1 5 . Pa r th ia n s, 7 0
.
y
.
cl a s g ia n s, 7 2, 7 3 , 7 4
Mo s , 2 1 8 .
M a z i gh s , 2 2 6 . un cer ta i n t a bou t th e, 7 3 y .
M a s a i T ri b e, 2 3 8 P ech en egs , 1 2 0.
M a ch i l T r i b e, 23 8 .
P a h a r ia , 1 4 1
erS i a nRa c es, 1 8 2
.
M a g d y eh T ri b e 24 0. .
g
.
.
P 213
a pu a s , 2 1 9 .
.
s u pe
*
2 3
53 8 INDE X .
PP nmgw n F nn
a es , 2 7 8
er i c B ra ch of i s , 3 1 6, 3 20
S sa m gh ers , 1 68
S u i i i d T r i be, 1 69
.
P . .
o l es , o r Lek h s , 34 2 S a m Oi ed es , 1 7 2
P a ] c a r es , 3 5 6
P D g nD nm .
.
vy
d i i s i o no f th e, 1 7 3
.
ea t epo s i ts i e a rk , 4 08 . ph s i q u eo f, 1 7 4
F
.
V
F i l e i l l a es , 4 1 1 . r el a ted to in ns , 1 7 4 .
n
popu l a ti o O f, 4 1 4 S ch a k a k i T r ib e, 1 91 .
fa u na a nd ora o f, 4 1 8 . eia l y T ri b e, 1 9 1 .
b u i l d ers , er a Of, 4 2 0. u an s , 1 97 .
hu l u s , 2 2 7
Q u i s a m a s T rib e, 2 7 9 . em itic N e ro es , 2 3 1 g
.
Qu aens , 3 1 9 . E th i o pi a ns , 2 3 2 .
S a h o T r ib e, 2 3 5
L
.
gF
r a m m a r a to k eno f, 2 0
y
Ra ce, th e m s ter i o u s ow er o f, 1 4 P .
.
S en
tr i b e O f, S em iti c, 2 3 7
na a r T r i b es (proba bl
.
Ha miti c),
.
y
Ra ce, or m a ti onO f a B l a ck , 4 96 2 54
R a c es , not per m a nent, 51 6 .
.
S en g
e a m b i a , r a ces o f, 2 59 .
m i x ed , i nS ou th A m eri ca , 4 8 7 . S ou t h G w n ea , ra ces of, 2 59 , 2 7 6 .
( t
C d na d a , 4 8 8 . u s u s , 2 68
A fri ca , 4 8 9. a l o w trib e, 2 68
vi
d
gy ng
i
o r o f, 4 94 .
o u t, ca u s es O f, 4 90
S ofa l a T r i be, 2 7 3
S ooa h el ees , 2 9 7
.
.
S a a nT r i be, o r B u sh m en, 3 02 .
nta ct O f, 4 93 a r t i s tic ta l en ts o f, 3 03
co .
y g
ph s i q u e o f, 3 05.
.
S pa ni s h N u m era l s , 1 9 . S em i t i c N e ro, 3 1 1 .
S I s ki i t S i ria n es , 3 2 0
y 19
S c thi a n E m pi r e O f B i b y l o ni a , 3 1 .
.
v
S l a o ni c Ra c es , 3 3 4
.
a nS l a on v is m , 33 4
Ru s s i a ni n u ences on, 33 5
.
.
S em i tes ,
54
rs t Hi s tori ca l A ppea r a n
.
ce ten a ci t y
o f, 3 3 6
d i v i s i o no f, 3 3 7 .
.
.
y
.
tr a i ts , 5 8 . i ttl e Ru s s ia n , 33 9.
th r ee r el i i on
y g
s , 59 . re g
l i io nO f, 344
0
y .
S c th ia ns , 7 1 , 7 2 S er Vi a ns , o r I l l ri a n s , 34 1 .
S a m O i ed s , 8 3 , 1 2 5 S l ov eii s , 3 4 2
m od er n, 1 64 , 1 7 2
S a m ni tes , 94
.
. v
S l o a k s , 3 43
.
S pa ni a rd s , 3 65
L
. .
S a k a s onna s o f A r m eni a , 9 7
S a k a s u na s (S a xo n s ), 9 7 , 98 , 1 00, 1 03
.
S wed es , 3 7 9
v
S ca nd i na i a ns , 3 7 9
v v
S u e es , 9 8 .
.
S a x o ns , 3 82
v .
.
y
S ca nd i na i a n, 1 08 S l a o ni a n s i nG er m a n , 3 8 3 .
v
Sl a o ni a ns , 1 09
th ei r tena ci t , 1 09 y .
.
g
S k u l l , ne ro , 4 66
th i ck n
.
es s O f, 4 67
an
S cl a v en
ci en
s, 1 10
v
t d i i s io no f, 1 1 0
.
. s h a pe o f, 4 7 0
no xed _ty pe, 4 7 1
.
.
S l a vo n ian
lll
s, rs t .
s , D i v i s i o no f D ia l e cts
.
.
T u ra n ia nRa ces, T wo G rea t D i i s io n
2 6 , 7 0, 7 8 , 1 1 7 , 1 2 5, 1 3 5 1 64
s,
.
v .
g
m i ra tio ns , 2 9
s u ppos ed cu rren
.
ts Of popu l a ti on,
.
ai t an
g
u pr i s i n o f th e, 1 2 4 . 30 .
m o d er n, 2 2 5. ex tent o f fa m i l y 3 2
8 7 mm , 1 4 2
S wa m p T r i b es , 1 4 7
.
.
un
33
ce r ta i n
.
t of y
c l a s s i ca ti o n
.
O f,
S i a m es e, 1 4 8 T u ra ni a ntr ibes , m od e rn , 1 96
Si fa n T u be, 1 59.
-
eu ton ieTri bes , Earl , 95. y .
IN DE X . 53 9
T eu to t Ra c e, E n d u ra nce o f C l i m a te
gi
.
T eu to ni c , ea rl i es t pi o ba bl e d a te o f,
97 . U m b r i a n 93 .
r a ces i n3 d cen tu r , 1 02 . U k u a 2 53 ,
T h u r mg a s , 1 01 U g i i c B i a i cb , 3 1 6
T eu to n i ns th C e ntu r , 1 04
.
y U g ri a i i s , B r a n
.
c h es o f, 3 2 0
.
y gn
s . .
tra i ts o f, 1 05 Uni t o f O ri i n, 4 4 1
y
p u ri t o f m o ra l s of, 1 06
.
i r rel ev a t tO pi c s , 4 4 1 .
.
g g g
.
i n u en ce o nth e w o r l d O f, 1 08 . l a n u a en o t prov i n , 44 2 .
in v a s io n s o f i nE u ro pe, 1 1 8
ph en om en o nO f s po r ti n , 4 50
m o d er n, 3 1 4 .
T u 1 k i c T r i b es , 1 2 0, 1 2 5 , 1 2 6, 1 2 7 .
.
for m a tiono f n
yg ew a ri eti es , 4 5 1
g
Unit o f O ri i n, S ta tem ent o f th e A r
v .
g
T u n u s i a ns , 1 2 5 , 1 64 1 66.
g
T u rk s , O r i i no f, 1 2 6
u m en i fo r , 4 62 .
pr ba bi li ty o f h u m a n v a r i a ti on,
p
.
T u r k i s h C on q u es ts , 1 2 8 a r i a ti o n, in s ta n
g g
l a n u a e, 1 2 9
. c es O f, 4 5 5
v a r i a t o nfro m fo o d , 4 58
.
g
'
. .
d i a lects , 1 8 0 59
T a m u l i c Ra ces , 1 4 2
yv
t pe, 1 4 2
.
. g
ra d a ti o n
4 60
s
.
i n h u m a n v a i i eti es ,
T u l u a Ra ce, 1 4 2
.
T a m u l s , 1 44
.
D S
y
Unit , A r u m en
m h
.
gy
t for , 5 03
s s ta tem e nt of, 504
.
g
? g
. r .t .
Ta m u l i a n s , 1 44
g g
l a n u a e, 1 4 5
L g g
T i beti c a n u a e, 1 4 7 .
.
.
V ol s k i a ns , 9 4
V ened i , 1 1 5
.
T a i T ri bes , 1 4 8
g g
eo r a ph i ca l pos i ti ono f, 1 4 8 . V o ti a k s 3 2 0
y
V i nd h a T r i b es , 1 39 , 1 4 0
.
.
.
g g
l a n u a g e O f, 1 65
T u n u s i c A i ea , 1 66
.
. Va r i a ti ons inS k u l l , 4 66
h u ma n
.
.
, 4 53 , 4 68 .
T u ng u s o f th e A m ou r , 1 68 . ina ni m a l s , 4 5 3 .
T s h apo d z h i r , 1 68 i nI n d o E u ropea n s , 4 69
g
-
. .
T a w i T r i b e, 1 7 3 . o f s a m e r a ce, 4 7 8 .
T u i k om a ns , 1 7 8 . i ns i z e a n d s tru ctu r e, 4 65 .
Taj i k s , 1 8 3 i ns w me, 4 54
.
T a warek s , 2 2 7 , 2 2 8 . .
bl a ck , 2 2 8 . i nh o mes , ca ts a nd d og s , 4 57 .
d i V l S 'O l l O f, 2 29 . f ro m foo d i nfo u l s , 4 5 8
g
T a d ei nek k et T r i be, 2 2 9 of a n im al s of O n e or i i n , 45
9
T i ny l k u m T r i be, 2 2 9 .
.
V a ri et , y m
a tio no f a N ew , 4 51 .
Va r ia t i o n, U i expl a i na b l e, 501.
.
T i bb oo o r T eb u T ri be, 2 33
g y P
i
T ra rz a s , 2 3 9 . W a l l a ch i a nN u m era l s , 19 .
T s ch ei s , 2 5 7 .
T or o d e T r i b e, 2 62
th eo r i es o f o r i g i nof th e, 2 63
. \
W el s h 1 9
V
W nm
a ka
,
e be T r i b e, 2 9 4
.
m b a T ri b e, 2 94 2 98 .
T i ma n
g g
l a n u a e O f, 2 64 2 66
i s T ri be, 2 68 .
.
. a
VVa ni ka s T ribe, 29 4
W a s u m ba ra s T ri be, 2 94.
.
.
T ch u d i c B r a n ch , 3 1 6 . W a k a r i m a Tr ibe, 2 98 .
T u rk s ( M od er n ) , 3 24 . W aj ij i T r i be, 2 99 .
g power of, 3 2 8
.
. W
W
a ro r i , 2 99 .
a ter P
o l es , 3 4 3
- .
T o s k i a nT r i b es , 3 50 W eii d s , 3 43
T eu ton
yF
T u s ca n , Ra ces o f, 3 61
a mi l , 3 7 9 y
.
. W a l l a ch s , 3 4 3 3 5 8
d i rect d es cen d a nts
.
of Romans ,
g ic
T h u ri n ia n
an
s , 3 82 .
d K el ti c Ra ces ( M o dern)
.
l an
3 58 .
g
T eu to g u a eo f, 3 59
gz
.
W an d eri n g Ra ces , 4 01 .
54 0 INDEX .
Y k
u ra s, 1 73 . Yeb u Tribe, 2 68 -2 7 2
Y en e
i s i , 1 7 4.
.
Yka u ts , 1 7 5.
Y eZi d i s 1 8 9 , 1 90
Z ou a v es ,22 6
Zu l u s , 2 8 8
.
Dr G r
re
.
,
a
s em bl a n
n t
.
s th e
ce to an
y or o f th e, 1 90
ci e y .
nt A s s ria ns , Zi ncal i ,
.
Za m b es i , T rib es o f, 2 9 3 .
1 90 .
yP er s i a n, 1 91 .
g
Zi n ari,
Z g ne eu
y
( G ps i es ) , 4 03 .
probabl i r,