Hafizah Binti Mohd Hoshni Musculoskeletal Anatomy Skeleton of The Thorax
Hafizah Binti Mohd Hoshni Musculoskeletal Anatomy Skeleton of The Thorax
Hafizah Binti Mohd Hoshni Musculoskeletal Anatomy Skeleton of The Thorax
Dr Othman Manasor
21 August 2005
Yr 1 Medical and Dental Students
The Thoracic Cage
The skeleton of the thorax is an
osseocartilaginous framework within which
are the principal organs of respiration and
circulation.
It is conical in shape ,narrow above &
broad below,flattened from front
backwards,longer behind than in front.
It is a bellowlike structure , which moves
during respiration.
Skeleton of Thorax
BOUNDARIES
Posteriorly-the bodies of 12 Thoracic vertebrae
and their intervening discs,
and the posterior parts of the ribs.
Anteriorly- the sternum,the anterior ends of the
ribs and their costal cartilages.
Laterally- the thorax is convex,and is formed by
the ribs and their cartilages.
The ribs are separated from each other by
intercostal spaces, which contain the intercostal
muscles and membranes, neurovascular
bundles & lymphatics
FUNCTIONS
Contains and protects the Heart and
Lungs,
Sub diaphragmatic organs e.g. liver,
stomach, spleen are sheltered beneath the
costal margins.
It alters the diameters of thorax in different
phases of respiration by the movements of
the ribs and the diaphragm.
Attachment of certain muscles
Bones of the ThoraX
12 thoracic vertebrae
12 intervertebral discs
12 Ribs
12 costal cartilages
Sternum-manubrium, body, xiphoid
process
Thoracic Vertebrae
Facet on the body-articulate with head of
rib
Facet on transverse process-articulate
with tubercle of rib(except lower 2-3 ribs)
Long spinous process
XIPHOID PROCESS
Thin, sword shaped
Ossified and fused to sternal body at age 40.
Intercostal arteries
Posterior intercostal arteries
11 pairs
1st & 2nd pairs are the branches
costocervical trunk
Lower 9 pairs come from desc.thoracic
aorta
Anterior intercostal arteries
1-6 spaces from internal thoracic artery
7-9 spaces- from musculophrenic artery
Intercostal arteries
Posterior intercostal arteries
11 pairs
1st & 2nd pairs are the branches of
costocervical trunk
Lower 9 pairs come from desc.thoracic
Aorta
Anterior intercostal arteries
1-6 spaces from internal thoracic artery
7-9 spaces- from musculophrenic artery
Rib, Applied anatomy
Chest wall of the children is highly elastic, so
rib fracture is rare in children
In adults, ribs may be fractured by direct
violence
Cervical rib ( 0.5%) is attached to the
transverse process of 7th cervical vertebra and
with 1st rib. It may press the lowest trunk of the
brachial plexus and subclavian artery.
Costal cartilages undergo progressive
ossification in old age.
Sternum, applied anatomy
Sternal puncture to harvest bone
marrow
Sternal angle- helps in counting
intercostal spaces.
Split of sternum- in operation of
retrosternal goitre, cardiac surgery.
Fracture can occur at sternal angle.
Intercostal Space, applied
Fluid draining from pleural cavity
2-Anteroposterior Diameter
(Pump handle movement)
3-Vertical Diameter
(Diaphragm)
Thank you
Othman Mansor