Contingency Analysis of 5 Bus Sub-Station System: A Case Study

ISSN(Online) : 2319-8753
ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

Engineering and Technology
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 5, Issue 9, September 2016
Contingency Analysis of 5 Bus Sub-Station

System: A Case Study
Nihalkumar Raj 1, Dr Ram Jee Gupta 2
M.Tech Student, Department of Electrical Engineering, BITsindri, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India1
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, BIT sindri, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India2
ABSTRACT: One of the essential aspects of modern power system security is the consideration of any contingencies
arise due to planed or unplanned equipment outages leading to system over load or abnormal system voltages. So many
techniques have been developed in the past few years to solve this problems in this work present a study report for
contingency analysis caused by transformer outage in distribution substation system has been done In the present work
a case study of 5 bus system fed from either of the two available sources in the campus of BIT sindri has been done.
During contingency analysis outage of transformer and transmission lines have been observed.
KEYWORDS: Contingency analysis, Ranking, Remedial action scheme, Load flow, FDLF
I. INTRODUCTION
Study of power system contingencies is an important activity in power system planning and operating environment.
Contingency studies determine the effects of equipment outage on the rest of the power system. In general, an outage
gives rise to transient phenomena in the electrical and electromechanical states of a power system. However, the main
thrust of contingency studies carried out in power system control centres is for determining the steady-state effects of
an outage. The transient contingency problem is also an important one, but its study is hampered by a lack of adequate
analytical techniques and by the difficulty of exercising control in the short time span available for corrective action.
To study the effect of an outage it is only necessary to perform a load-flow with the outage taken into account.
However, it is necessary to develop a fast and sufficiently accurate approximation to the outage load flow so that a
large number of contingency studies can be performed in a short time. The starting point in most load flow
approximations is the separation of real power-phase angle dependence (P-O) from the reactive power-voltage
magnitude dependence (Q-V). Since the phase angles across the power system elements are normally small, voltage
and magnitudes at buses are close to their nominal values, the separation of (P-e) from (Q-V) dependence is a reason-
able procedure. This assumption will be made in this paper also. A commonly used method for contingency analysis is
based upon the use of distribution factors. This technique is reviewed briefly in the following section.
The distribution factor method of contingency analysis is very fast in its execution time and for that reason is widely
used in real-time applications as well as planning studies. This technique is known to be particularly suited to the study
of real power redistribution following an outage. It is not as accurate in dealing with problems of reactive power flow
redistribution and accompanying effects on bus voltages. Contingency analysis is one of the major components in
todays modern energy management systems.
The importance of power system security assessment for prediction of line flows and bus voltages following a
contingency has been presented in [1-2]. The work also summarized the challenges faced for the practical
implementation of security analysis algorithms. The approximate changes in the line flow due to an outage in generator
or transmission line or transformer is predicted based on distribution factors [3-4]. The use of AC power flow solution
Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2016.0509007 15947

ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710

in outage studies has been dealt in [5].Contingency screening or contingency selection is an essential task in
contingency analysis.
This helps to reduce the numerous computations; the bounding method [6] reduces the number of branch flow
computation by using a bounding criterion that helps in reducing the number of buses for analysis and is based on
incremental angle criterion. The 1P-1Q method for contingency selection has been presented in [7]. The use of fast
decoupled load flow [8-9] proves to be very suitable for contingency analysis
II.RELATED WORK
This work has been done in MATLAB environment as detailed in belowalgorithms and with the help of two important
performance indices(PIP and PIV ) that identify the severity of system due to outage of line or transformer and second
step is Load flow analysis using power system GUI in MATLAB
III. DETERMINATION OF CONTINGENCY STATUS WITH REFERRED TO BUS
System under examination is BIT Sindri sub-station, 5 Bus test system with 100 MVA base. It consist of 7 two winding
transformer connected at different location. BIT Sindri enjoys electricity supply from DVC through TISCO and from
JSEB. Two lines of 11KV with the help of AB switch the power from either of lines according to requirement.
Step 1: Make the single line diagram of the test system.
Step 2: Input the data for each and every component of the test system as required.
Step 3: Save the data file and then load.
Step 4: Solve the Power Flow using MATLAB graphic user interface (GUI) for the test system without any
contingency.
Step 5: Simulate for the Power Flow results.
Step 6: Step by Step remove each transmission line and simulate for the Power Flow and Continuation Power Flow for
finding maximum loading parameter for each transmission line.
Step 7: Arrange the result obtained in ascending order w.r.t.the PIP and PIV for each transmission line.
Step 8: Find out the most critical transmission line according to the contingency status
Fig 1 Single line diagram of 5 Bus system

ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710

Table-1
Outage line no PI PI Ranking
1 0.280 3.191 1
2 0.361 0.269 6
3 0.337 0.655 4
4 0.379 0.617 5
5 0.422 0.265 7
6 0.299 0.859 3
7 0.303 0.879 2
The performance indices and contingency ranking using FDLF for 5-bus system
Values of PIP for 5 bus system
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Fig -2 Outage line number
System Details
MVA Base=100 MVA

System Frequency = 50 Hz
Bus Nominal Voltage =11KV
Bus Maximum Voltage = 11.5 KV
Bus Minimum Voltage = 10.4 KV

ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710

Table 2 Load Data
BUS NUMBER P(KW) Q(KVAR) V(PU)

1 0.00 0.00 1
2 10.00 0.10 1
3 10.00 0.10 1
4 0.00 0.00 1
5 10.00 0.10 1
6 10.00 0.10 1
7 11.00 0.10 1
Load data for seven transformers in BIT campus
Table -3
Branch From To bus R(pu) X(pu) B/2(pu) Tx Tap

no bus
1 1 2 0.042 0.108 0.041 0

2 1 3 0.031 0.012 0.031 0
3 2 3 0.031 0.126 0.031 0
4 2 4 0.063 0.252 0.061 0
5 2 5 0.053 0.210 0.051 0
6 3 4 0.031 0.012 0.031 0
Line data for 5 Bus system
Table-4 Transformer rating
S NO KVA VOL W1 VOL W2 CUR W1 CUR W2

1 500 11(KV) 440V 26A 656A
2 315 11(KV) 433V 16.5A 420A
3 300 11(KV) 433V 15.7A 400A
4 250 11(KV) 433V 13.12A 333.35A
5 250 11(KV) 433V 13.12A 333.35A
6 250 11(KV) 433V 13.12A 333.35A
7 35 11(KV) 433V
Table shows rating of 7two winding transformers which are located in Bit campus

ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710

IV.RESULTS
Bus voltage magnitude profile in (pu)
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1 2 3 4 5
Fig.3
Shows per unit voltage at different buses without outage of any transmission line using power GUI in MATLAB
TABLE 4
BUS NUMBER PRE CONTINGENCY POST CONTIGENCY

VOLTAGE (PU) VOLTAGE (PU)
1 1.060 1.060
2 1.047 0.891
3 1.024 0.886
4 1.024 0.880
5 1.018 0.861
Bus voltage in pre and post contingency state
Table-5
LOAD LINE FLOW LINE LOSSES

LEVEL
(PU)
REAL REACTIVE REAL REACTIVE
POWER(PU) POWER(PU) POWER(PU) POWER(PU)
0.6 0.55 0.26 0.019 0.053
The results obtained from simulation of above system are given in table for the various load levels

ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710

V. CONCLUSION
In this work, the contingency selection and ranking which are important for contingency analysis have been done by
evaluating two important performance indices namely; active and reactive power performance index (PIP &PIv). These
indices were calculated for various test bus systems using the Fast Decoupled Load Flow (FDLF) algorithm. It has been
observed that overall distribution system of BIT Sindri some of the transformer are overloaded, and got outdated due
to overloading transformer efficiency got decreased and loss increased
REFERENCES
[1] Wood A.J and Wollenberg B.F., Power generation, operation and control, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1996.
[2] Stott B, Alsac O and Monticelli A.J, Security Analysis and Optimization, Proc. IEEE, vol. 75,No. 12, pp. 1623-1644,Dec 1987.
[3] Lee C.Y and Chen N, Distribution factors and reactive power flow in transmission line and transformer outage studies, IEEE Transactions on
Power systems, Vol. 7,No. 1,pp. 194-200, February 1992.
[4] Singh S.N and Srivastava S.C, Improved voltage and reactive distribution factor for outage studies, IEEE Transactions on Power systems, Vol.
12, No.3, pp.1085-1093, August 1997.
[5] Peterson N.M, Tinney W.F and Bree D.W, Iterative linear AC power flow solution for fast approximate outage studies, IEEE Transactions on
Power Apparatus andSystems, Vol. PAS-91, No. 5, pp. 2048-2058, October 1972.
[6] Brandwjn V and Lauby M.G, Complete bounding method for a.c contingency screening, IEEE Transactions on Power systems, Vol. 4, No. 2,
pp. 724-729, May 1989.
[7] Albuyeh F, Bose A and Heath B, Reactive power consideration in automatic contingency selection, IEEE Transactions on Power systems, Vol.
PAS-101, No. 1, pp. 107-112, January 1982.

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ISSN(Online) : 2319-8753

ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

Vol. 5, Issue 9, September 2016