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    Class22 Ex3

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    Nazakat Hussain
    1) The document provides the solution to calculating the total force that must be resisted by flange bolts on a reducing pipe bend where water flows from a larger to smaller diameter pipe. 2) Key parameters given include the inlet and outlet pressures, diameters, and velocities. The mass flow rate and outlet velocity are first calculated. 3) The total force is then calculated as the sum of pressure and momentum forces, yielding a value of approximately 14,900 N.

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    Class22 Ex3

    Uploaded by

    Nazakat Hussain
    158 views2 pages
    1) The document provides the solution to calculating the total force that must be resisted by flange bolts on a reducing pipe bend where water flows from a larger to smaller diameter pipe. 2) Key parameters given include the inlet and outlet pressures, diameters, and velocities. The mass flow rate and outlet velocity are first calculated. 3) The total force is then calculated as the sum of pressure and momentum forces, yielding a value of approximately 14,900 N.

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    hydraulic desing

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    Class22_Ex3

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    1) The document provides the solution to calculating the total force that must be resisted by flange bolts on a reducing pipe bend where water flows from a larger to smaller diameter pipe. 2) Key parameters given include the inlet and outlet pressures, diameters, and velocities. The mass flow rate and outlet velocity are first calculated. 3) The total force is then calculated as the sum of pressure and momentum forces, yielding a value of approximately 14,900 N.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    158 views2 pages

    Class22 Ex3

    Uploaded by

    Nazakat Hussain
    1) The document provides the solution to calculating the total force that must be resisted by flange bolts on a reducing pipe bend where water flows from a larger to smaller diameter pipe. 2) Key parameters given include the inlet and outlet pressures, diameters, and velocities. The mass flow rate and outlet velocity are first calculated. 3) The total force is then calculated as the sum of pressure and momentum forces, yielding a value of approximately 14,900 N.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    224 Solutions Manual Fluid Mechanics, Seventh Edition

    (c) Examining Fx, we see that it can be zero only if cos = 1/, which makes no sense
    unless = 1, = 0. This situation also makes Fx = 0 above (sin = 0). Therefore the
    only scenario for which both forces are zero is the trivial case for which all the flow goes
    horizontally across a flat block:
    F=
    x F=
    y 0 only if:
    = 1, = 0 Ans. (c)

    P3.76 A two-dimensional sheet of water,


    10 cm thick and moving at 7 m/s, strikes a
    fixed wall inclined at 20 with respect to
    the jet direction. Assuming frictionless flow,
    find (a) the normal force on the wall per
    meter of depth, and the widths of the sheet
    deflected (b) upstream, and (c) downstream Fig. P3.76
    along the wall.

    Solution: (a) The force normal to the wall is due to the jets momentum,
    FN = m
    inuin =(998)(0.1)(72 )(cos 70) =1670 N / m Ans.
    (b) Assuming V1 = V2 = V3 = Vjet, VjA1 = VjA2 + VjA3 where,
    = 1 sin
    A 2 A= =
    (0.1)(1)(sin 20) 0.034 m 3 cm Ans.

    (c) Similarly, A3 = A1 cos = (0.1)(1)(cos 20) = 0.094 m 9.4 cm Ans.

    P3.77 Water at 20C flows steadily


    through a reducing pipe bend, as in Fig.
    P3.77. Known conditions are p1 = 350 kPa,
    D1 = 25 cm, V1 = 2.2 m/s, p2 = 120 kPa,
    and D2 = 8 cm. Neglecting bend and water
    weight, estimate the total force which must
    be resisted by the flange bolts.

    Solution: First establish the mass flow


    and exit velocity: Fig. P3.77

    = kg m
    =m 1A1V1 998 (0.25)=
    2
    = 998 (0.08)2 V2 , or
    (2.2) 108 = V2 21.5
    4 s 4 s
    Chapter 3 Integral Relations for a Control Volume 225

    The CV surrounds the bend and cuts through the flanges. The force balance is

    Fx =
    Fbolts + p1,gage A1 + p2,gage A 2 =
    m 2 u2 m
    1u1, where u2 =
    V2 and u1 =
    V1

    or Fbolts = (350000 100000) (0.25)2 + (120000 100000) (0.08)2 + 108(21.5 + 2.2)
    4 4
    = 12271 + 101 + 2553 14900 N Ans.

    P3.78 A fluid jet of diameter D1 enters a


    cascade of moving blades at absolute
    velocity V1 and angle 1, and it leaves at
    absolute velocity V1 and angle 2, as in
    Fig. P3.78. The blades move at velocity u.
    Derive a formula for the power P delivered
    to the blades as a function of these
    parameters.

    Solution: Let the CV enclose the blades Fig. P3.78


    and move upward at speed u, so that the
    flow appears steady in that frame, as shown
    at right. The relative velocity Vo may be
    eliminated by the law of cosines:

    Vo2 = V12 + u2 2V1u cos 1


    = V 22 + u2 2V2 u cos 2

    solve for u =
    (
    (1/2) V12 V 22 )
    V1 cos 1 V2 cos 2

    Then apply momentum in the direction of blade motion:

    F=
    y Fvanes= m
    jet (Vo1y Vo2y= 1 cos 1 V2 cos 2 ), m
    ) m(V = A1V1

    The power delivered is P = Fu, which causes the parenthesis cos terms to cancel:

    = =
    P Fu
    1
    2
    (
    jet V12 V 22
    m ) Ans.

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