ETE 1112 - Basic Electrical Engineering Lab Manual
ETE 1112 - Basic Electrical Engineering Lab Manual
ETE 1112 - Basic Electrical Engineering Lab Manual
Experiment No: 01
Description:
Name Symbol
Fuse
Cell
Battery
DC Power Supply
AC Power Supply
Grounding
Resistor
Capacitor
Inductor
Transformer
Meter
The letter in the center identifies the type
V = Voltmeter, A = Ammeter
= Ohmmeter, MA = Milli-Ammeter
W = Wattmeter, G = Galvanometer
Multi-Meter:
Multi-meter is a meter that can take a variety of electrical measurements. It can measure DC
voltages, AC voltages, current (both DC and AC), and resistance. It also serves many
different test purposes, e.g., checking if a connection between is shorted or broken, testing the
operation of diodes and transistors (like, are they faulty or not?), to name a few.
Breadboard:
As illustrated in Figure-, breadboard is a circuit board with many pre-connected holes in it:
Constructing circuits using breadboard is very easy especially if you are familiar with the
node concept which is just introduced. For instance, each connected line (e.g. a blue one or
a red one in Figure-1 (b)) is seen as a node to which the electronic components are connected.
Experiment No: 02
Name of Experiment: To Verify Kirchhoffs Voltage Law & Kirchhoffs Current Law
Aim: To verify Kirchhoffs Voltage Law (KVL) and Kirchhoffs Current Law (KCL)
Apparatus Required:
Theory:
KVL and KCL are used to solve the electrical network, which are not solved by the simple
electrical formula.
KVL: It states that the algebraic sum of product of current and resistance in each of the
conductors in any closed path in a network plus the algebraic sum of the e.m.f. in the closed
path is zero.
IR+E.M.F.=0
KCL: It states that in any electrical network the algebraic sum of currents meeting at a point
is zero. Consider the case of few conductors meeting at a point A the incoming currents to be
positive and the outgoing currents to be negative, I + (- ) + (- ) = 0
Incoming Current=Outgoing Current
Circuit Diagram:
Procedure:
KVL:
1. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram
2. Switch on the power supply
3. Note down the readings of the voltmeters
4. Change the value of the rheostats/resistors and repeat the step several times and switch off the
power supply.
KCL:
1. Make the connection according to the circuit diagram
2. Set the two rheostats/resistors to their max value.
3. Switch on the power supply
4. Change the setting of the rheostats to get different readings in all the three ammeters.
5. Measure the current in the three ammeters
6. Check that at every time current in the main branch is equal to the sum of currents in the two
branches.
Repeat the setting of the rheostats/resistors
7. Switch off the power supply
SL Applied Voltage V= + +
Remark
No (Volts) (Volts) (Volts) (Volts) (Volts)
Precautions:
1. Make the connections properly.
2. Note the readings of voltmeters and ammeters properly.
3. Remove insulations from the connecting wire so as the current will flow properly.
4. Avoid loose connections and dont touch wire with wet hand.
Experiment No: 03
Name of Experiment: To Verify the Law of Resistance Connected in Series Circuit &
Parallel Circuit
Aim: To Verify the Law of Resistance Connected in Series Circuit & Parallel Circuit
Apparatus Required:
Theory:
Series Circuit:
The circuit in which the current remain same and the voltage is different across each resistor
is called series circuit. In this circuit the total resistance is equal to the sum of the resistance
of individual resistors.
= + +
According to Ohms Law V=IR
I =I +I +I
I =I( + + )
= + +
There three resistors, they are connected in series
= Total Resistance
= Total Voltage
I = Current
Parallel Circuit:
In Parallel circuit the voltage across all the resistors remain same and the supply current or
total current is sum of individual current in different parallel path. The sum of the reciprocal
of parallel resistances connected in the circuit is equal to the reciprocal of equivalent
resistance connected in circuit.
= = =
= + +
According to Ohms Law I=
= + +
= ( + + )
= + +
Circuit Diagram:
Procedure:
Series Connection:
1. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram
2. Switch on the power supply
3. Note down the readings of the voltmeters
4. Change the value of the rheostats/resistors and repeat the step several times and switch off the
power supply.
Parallel Connection:
1. Make the connection according to the circuit diagram
2. Switch on the power supply
3. Measure the current in the three ammeters
4. Change the setting of the rheostats to get different readings in all the three ammeters.
7. Switch off the power supply
Data Table:
Data Table-1 for Verifying the Law of Resistance Connected in Series:
SL
No (Volts) (Volts) (Volts) (Volts) () () () ()
Precautions:
Try by yourself:
Experiment No: 04
Apparatus Required:
THEORY:
THEVENINS THEOREM as applied to the dc network circuit may be stated as the current flowing
through a load resistance RL connected across any two terminals A and B of a linear bilateral network
is given by VTH / RTH+RL where VTH is the open circuit voltage and RTH is the internal resistance of
the network from terminal A to B with all voltage sources replaced with their internal resistances and
current sources with infinite resistance.
Circuit Diagram:
Procedure:
1. To find the current flowing through the load resistance R L as shown in fig-4 removes RL from the
circuit temporarily and leave the terminals A and B open circuited.
Prepared By Engr. Sabuj Ahmed, Dept. of ETE, PUST
Basic Electrical Engineering Lab Manual (Course Code: ETE 1112)
2. Calculate the open circuit voltage which appears across terminal A and B. = I. This is
called Thevenins voltage.
1 2
3. Now calculate = . This is called Thevenins resistance.
1+ 2
4. Calculate IL= VTH/(RL+RTH).
5. VTH= E R2/R1+R2
Data Table:
Data Table for verifying Thevenins Theorem:
SL Applied Voltage (Volts) (Volts) (mA) (mA)
(Theory) Remark
No (Volts) (Theory) (Practical) (Ohms) (Practical)
Precautions:
Experiment No: 05
Apparatus Required:
Theory:
Nortons theorem replaces the electrical network by an equivalent constant current source and
a parallel resistance. Nortons equivalent resistance RN=R1*R2/R1+R2 Actual load current
in the circuit IL1 Theoretical load current IL2=ISC*RN/(RN+RL), ISC is the short circuit
current.
Circuit Diagram:
Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram
2. Remove the load resistance
3. Find the Nortons resistance R N
4. Measure the Nortons current IN
5. Now measure the current in the load resistance directly
6. Find out the current in the load
7. Using formula find out the current in the load resistance
8. Verify that these two are equal.
Data Table:
Data Table for verifying Nortons Theorem
SL Applied Voltage -
Remark
No (Volts) (mA) (Ohms) (mA) (mA) (Error)
Precautions:
1. All connections should be tight and correct.
2. Switch off the supply when not in use.
3. Reading should be taken carefully.
Experiment No: 06
Apparatus Required:
Theory:
Reciprocity theorem can be stated as in any bilateral linear network if a source of emf E in any branch
produces a current I in any other branch then the same emf E acting in the second branch will produce
the same current I in the first branch.
Circuit Diagram:
Procedure:
1. Make the connection according to the circuit diagram
2. Measure the value of current by ammeter
3. Interchange the position of the ammeter and the voltage source
4. Now again measure the value of current
5. Verify that =
.
Data Table:
Data Table for verifying Reciprocity Theorem
SL Applied Voltage -
Remark
No (Volts) (mA) (mA) (Error)
Precautions:
Experiment No: 07
Apparatus Required:
Theory:
The maximum power transfer theorem states that a load resistance will abstract maximum
power from the network when the load resistance is equal to the internal resistance. For
maximum power transfer Load resistance = , Where internal resistance of the
circuit.
Circuit Diagram:
Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit diagram as shown in figure.
2. Take the readings of voltmeter and ammeter for different values of RL
3. Verify that power is Maximum when = .
Data Table:
Data Table for verifying Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
SL Applied Voltage Power=
No (Volts) () () (mA) (mW)
Precautions:
1. All connections should be tight and correct.
2. Switch off the supply when not in use.
3. Reading should be taken carefully.
Experiment No: 08
Name of Experiment: To Study the Frequency Response of Series RLC Circuit and
Determine the Resonance Frequency
Apparatus Required:
1. CRO
2. Audio Frequency Generator
3. Multi-Meter
4. Connecting wires/ leads
5. AC Power Supply (Single Phase)
THEORY:
Procedure:
1. Make the connection s shown in figure.
2. Frequency is given by audio frequency generator.
3. Change the frequency and note the reading carefully.
4. At certain frequency the voltage becomes maximum after which the voltage decreases.
This is the resonance frequency.
5. Plot a graph between frequency and voltage.
Data Table:
Graph:
Precautions:
Experiment No: 09
Name of Experiment: To Study the Frequency Response of Parallel RLC Circuit and
Determine the Resonance Frequency
Apparatus Required:
1. CRO
2. Audio Frequency Generator
3. Multi-Meter
4. Connecting wires/ leads
5. AC Power Supply (Single Phase)
Theory:
For the parallel R-L-C circuit
I =I Sin
I =
I =
Sin =
* =
Or X * =
now X = L, =
L L
= or =
L
= + X
f = * ( ( ) )
Circuit Diagram:
Procedure:
1. Make the connection s shown in figure.
2. Frequency is given by audio frequency generator.
3. Change the frequency and note the reading carefully
4. At certain frequency the voltage becomes minimum after which the voltage increases. This is the
resonance frequency
5. Plot a graph between frequency and voltage.
Data Table:
Graph:
Precautions:
Experiment No: 10
Name of Experiment: To Measure the Power Drawn in Single Phase AC Circuit Using
Three Voltmeter
Aim: To measure the Power Drawn in Single Phase AC Circuit Using Three Voltmeter
Apparatus Required:
1. Ammeter- 3 nos. (0-10 amp)
2. Voltmeter - 3 nos. (0-300 V)
3. Resistors/ Rheostats (1k -2, 2/3 k -1)
4. Connecting wires
5. AC Power Supply (Single Phase)
Theory:
To measure the power in an inductive load three voltmeters are used which records the
following voltages V1 records the voltage across the resistance of known value V2 records
the voltage across the inductor V3 records the voltage applied to the circuit P= V2 ICos
power consumed by load P=V1 V2 Cos /R Power consumed by inductive load=(V32-V12-
V12 )/2R
Circuit Diagram:
Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure
2. Ensure that the output voltage is not zero
3. Switch on the ac power supply
4. Apply a certain voltage to the transformer through the auto transformer.
5. Record the various voltages V1, V2 & V3 and the currents
6. Repeat the whole experiment for the different values of the voltage
7. Find the value of V/I in all the cases
8. Switch off the power supply after use.
Data Table:
SL I Power=( - - )/2R
No (Volts) (Volts) (Volts) (mA) (mW)
Precautions: