Scribd
Upload
40 views5 pages

PLSQL Functions

SQL provides various built-in functions to simplify complex tasks. Functions are classified as group functions and single row functions. Group functions help group rows and compute aggregate values like sum, average, etc. Single row functions include numeric, conversion, date, and character functions. Some examples of functions are avg(), count(), min(), max(), abs(), ceil(), floor(), trunc(), round(), nvl(), decode(), to_char(), to_date(), lower(), upper(), initcap(), ltrim(), rtrim(), substr(), length(), lpad(), rpad(), replace(), trim(), add_months(), months_between(), next_day(), last_day(), new_time(), and sysdate. These functions make it easy to

Uploaded by

Anonymous bm9cv4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
40 views5 pages

PLSQL Functions

SQL provides various built-in functions to simplify complex tasks. Functions are classified as group functions and single row functions. Group functions help group rows and compute aggregate values like sum, average, etc. Single row functions include numeric, conversion, date, and character functions. Some examples of functions are avg(), count(), min(), max(), abs(), ceil(), floor(), trunc(), round(), nvl(), decode(), to_char(), to_date(), lower(), upper(), initcap(), ltrim(), rtrim(), substr(), length(), lpad(), rpad(), replace(), trim(), add_months(), months_between(), next_day(), last_day(), new_time(), and sysdate. These functions make it easy to

Uploaded by

Anonymous bm9cv4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1/ 5

PL/SQLFunctions

SQLprovidesvariousinbuiltfunctionstosimplifysignificantlylargetasks.SQL
functionscanbebroadlyclassifiedas:

GroupFunctionsThishelpsingroupingofrowsreturnedbythequery.Thisisusedto
computeaggregatevaluessuchasSum,Averageetc.andhenceisalsocalledasAggregate
Function.

SingleRowFunctionsThesearefurtherclassifiedasNumericfunctions,DateFunctions,
ConversionfunctionsandCharacter/Textfunctions.

1. GROUPFUNCTIONS:
Generalsyntaxforusingaggregatefunctionsis:

SELECTX,AVG(Y)FROMTABLEGROUPBYX;whereXandYaretwocolumnsof

table

AVG(x)computestheaveragevalueofagivensetofvalues

COUNT(x)countsrowsinspecifiedtableorgivencolumn

MIN(x)providesminimumvaluefromasetofvalues

MAX(x)providesmaximumvaluefromasetofvalues

SUM(x)computesthesumofvalues

2. SINGLEROWFUNCTIONS:
Belowarementionedallthetypesofsinglerowfunctions:

NumericFunctions:
ABS(y)Providesabsolutevalueofy
SELECTABS(89.78)FROMDUAL;
Outputofquery>89.78

CEIL(y)Providesvaluegreaterthanorequaltoy

SELECTCEIL(2.56)FROMDUAL;

Outputofquery>3

SELECTCEIL(1.4)FROMDUAL;
Outputofquery>1

FLOOR(y)Providesvaluelessthanorequaltoy
SELECTCEIL(2.56)FROMDUAL;

Outputofquery>2

SELECTCEIL(1.4)FROMDUAL;
Outputofquery>2

TRUNC(x,y)Truncatesthevalueofxuptoydecimalplaces

SELECTTRUNC(25.67,1)FROMDUAL;

Outputofquery>25.6

ROUND(x,y)Providesroundedoffvalueofxuptoydecimalplaces

SELECTROUND(25.67,1)FROMDUAL;

Outputofquery>25.7

ConversionFunctions:
NVL(x,y)Replacexwithyincasexisnullwherexandyareofsamedatatype

SELECTNVL(null,3)FROMDUAL;

Outputofquery>3

DECODE(x,y,z,defaultvalue)Checksifx=y,thenreturnszelsereturnsdefaultvalue

SELECTDECODE(1,1,2,3)FROMDUAL;

Outputofquery>2

TO_CHAR(x,y)convertsxintotheformatspecifiediny

SELECTTO_CHAR(5000,$9999)FROMDUAL;

Outputofquery>$5000

TO_DATE(x,date_format)convertsvalueofxtoavaliddateformatspecifiedbydate_
format

SELECTTO_DATE('2012-07-18', 'YYYY-MM-DD') FROM DUAL;

Outputofquery>'2012-07-18

Character/TextFunction:
LOWER(StringValue)convertscompletestringtolowercase

SELECTLOWER(HelloWorld)FROMDUAL;

Outputofquery>helloworld

UPPER(StringValue)convertscompletestringtouppercase

SELECTUPPER(HelloWorld)FROMDUAL;

Outputofquery>HELLOWORLD

INITCAP(StringValue)makesthefirstletterappearincapitalcase

SELECTINITCAP(HelloWorld)FROMDUAL;

Outputofquery>HelloWorld

LTRIM(StringValue,TrimValue)TrimValuetextisremovedfromtheleftofString
SELECTLTRIM(HelloWorld,Hello)FROMDUAL;
Outputofquery>World

RTRIM(StringValue,TrimValue)TrimValuetextisremovedfromtherightofString

SELECTRTRIM(HelloWorld,World)FROMDUAL;
Outputofquery>Hello

SUBSTR(StringValue,m,n)Returnsnnumberofcharactersstartingfrompositionm

SELECTSUBSTR(HelloWorld,7,5)FROMDUAL;

Outputofquery>World

LENGTH(StringValue)ProvidesthetotallengthofStringValue

SELECTLENGTH(HelloWorld)FROMDUAL;

Outputofquery>11

LPAD(StringValue,n,PadValue)ProvidesStringValueleftpaddedwithpadvalueand
lengthn

SELECTLPAD(Hello,6,$)FROMDUAL;

Outputofquery>$Hello
RPAD(StringValue,n,PadValue)ProvidesStringValuerightpaddedwithpadvalueand
lengthn

SELECTRPAD(Hello,6,$)FROMDUAL;

Outputofquery>Hello$

REPLACE(StringValue,x,y)replaceseveryoccurrenceofxwithy

SELECTREPLACE(Hello,H,C)FROMDUAL;

Outputofquery>Cello

TRIM(TrimTextfromStringValue)RemovesalloccurrenceofTrimTextfromleftandright
ofStringValue.WhereTrimTextcanalsobeasinglecharacter

SELECTTRIM(ofromHelloWorld)FROMDUAL;

Outputofquery>HellWrld

DateFunctions:

ADD_MONTHS(date,n)Addsnmonthstothedatevalue

SELECTADD_MONTHS(26Sep86,3)FROMDUAL;

Outputofquery>26Dec86

MONTHS_BETWEEN(y1,y2)returnsthenumberofmonthsbetweentwodates

SELECTMONTHS_BETWEEN(26Sep86,26Dec86)FROMDUAL;

Outputofquery>3

NEXT_DAY(x,WeekDay)returnsthenextdateoftheWeekDayonoraftertheoccurrence
ofdatex

SELECTNEXT_DAY(02Oct17,Wednesday)FROMDUAL;

Outputofquery>04Oct17
LAST_DAY(x)thisprovidesthedateofthelastdayofmonthcontainingdatex

SELECTLAST_DAY(02Oct17)FROMDUAL;

Outputofquery>31Oct17

NEW_TIME(x,zone1,zone2)returnsthetimeinzone2ifxrepresentstimeinzone1

SELECTNEW_TIME(01Jun08,IST,EST)FROMDUAL;

Outputofquery>31May08

SYSDATEprovidesthecurrentdateandtime

CONCLUSION:
AbovementionedareimportantinbuiltfunctionsinSQL.Thesefunctionscanbeeasilyincorporated
tocomputeseveraldifferentlogicaloperationsbasedonqueryrequirement.
You cand read more about PL/SQL language on the site https://www.plsql.co .

You might also like