Analisis de Fracturas-RESERVORIOS - Algunos Ejemplos
Analisis de Fracturas-RESERVORIOS - Algunos Ejemplos
Analisis de Fracturas-RESERVORIOS - Algunos Ejemplos
Fig. 1. SEM-cathodoluminescence (CL) images of (a) host rock and (b) deformation band Jurassic Aztec Sandstone, Valley of Fire, NV.
Deformation band, b, contains a higher abundance of quartz-cemented microfractures (dark-blue CL color) than surrounding sandstone,
a, reflecting greater propensity of quartz to precipitate on fresh fracture surfaces compared with detrital grain surfaces.
Fig. 2. Models of quartz-cementation in fractured and intact sandstone, illustrating effect of grain composition on quartz-cement (green) and
porosity (black) distribution and abundance. (a) Deformation band composed entirely of quartz grains, after 5 m.y. of heating from 25 C to 100
C. (b) Same deformation band after an additional 10 m.y. heating from 100 C to 150 C. (c, d) As in a and b, except band is composed of 25%
feldspar (orange) and 75% quartz (gray). Note lesser quartz-cement abundance and greater porosity in d than in b. See Lander et al. (2008) for
information on modeling software Prism2D and Touchstone. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is
referred to the web version of this article).
Fig. 3. Structure map of quartz-cement deposit, Cretaceous Cotton Valley sandstone, East Texas, depth 2818 m. Opening history is recorded by crack-seal
texture. (a) Transmitted light (TL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) base image reveals fluid-inclusion assemblages trapped by individual crack and seal
sequences by quartz growing from opposite fracture walls; a, b, and c mark progressively younger parts of the quartz bridge identified by mapping
crosscut and overlap relations of crack-seal fractures and quartz. Fw, fracture walls; G, broken grains entrained in bridge; P, residual fracture pore space.
Other pore space present during quartz bridge growth is now filled with zoned calcite that grew during fracture opening. This calcite lagged quartz, lacks
crack-seal texture, and bridged fracture only late in growth history. (b) SEM-CL/TL montage and map of bridge zone c showing opening increment
fracture surfaces, quartz deposits filling opening increment gaps, and overlap (zoned lateral) quartz deposits surrounding, and partly cut by, crack-seal
fractures. Note crosscutting relations and scale.
Fig. 8. a) Cumulative frequency versus kinematic
aperture plots of microfracture sets 1e3 in the three
structural domains. Open symbols are for
macrofractures measured in scanlines 1 and 2. The red
line has a slope of 0.8. Extrapolation of microfracture
data using a constant slope of 0.8 gives a good
prediction of macrofracture abundance. Dashed gray
lines mark the intensity of 0.1 mm aperture fractures.
b) Cumulative frequency versus kinematic aperture
plots of microfractures showing the effect of lithology
on fracture abundance.
Medida y representacin de la deformacin interna
Para estudiar la deformacin se usan los cambios de longitud y de ngulo que sufren las lneas.
Cambios de longitud o deformacin longitudinal
Elongacin o extensin: Cambio de longitud de una lnea relacionado con su estado indeformado e=
(lf-l0)/l0
Estiramiento: Relacin entre longitudes inicial y final de una lnea
S= lf/l0 S= (1 + e)
Elongacin cuadrtica es el cuadrado del estiramiento: =S2=( lf/l0)2=(1 + e)2
Elongacin cuadrtica recproca: '= 1/
Deformacin natural, tambin denominada deformacin interna verdadera o deformacin logartmica,
= ln (lf/l0) = ln (1 + e)= ()ln l0
lf